Inflammation of the paranasal sinuses treatment. Inflammation of the paranasal sinuses, symptoms, treatment. Causes and course of the disease

Quite often, the sinus mucosa can become inflamed if it is affected by various bacteria, viruses, fungus, and allergies. The general symptoms of the inflammatory process include high temperature, pain in the paranasal sinuses, breathing problems also occur, nasal discharge may serous-purulent discharge. The inflammatory process is diagnosed using CT, ultrasound, X-ray, MRI of the sinuses, puncture. How to stop the inflammatory process in the nose? What treatments are more effective?

Types of inflammation of the paranasal sinuses

Otolaryngologists often diagnose such inflammatory processes:

Sinusitis, if the maxillary sinuses become inflamed.
Frontitis, in which there is inflammation in the frontal sinuses.
Sphenoiditis is characterized by inflammation sphenoid sinuses.
Etmoiditis, when the ethmoid bone of the nose becomes inflamed.

The inflammation can be acute or chronic. If the inflammation is not removed in a timely manner, everything can end:

Osteomyelitis.
Defeat optic nerve.
brain abscess.
meningitis.

Causes of inflammation of the paranasal sinuses

Everyone should understand that the nasal cavity is connected to the 7 paranasal sinuses. They at one time are connected to the nasal cavity by narrow passages. It is through the passages that the sinuses should be constantly cleared. If this does not happen, the secretion begins to stagnate and inflammation develops.

It can also provoke an inflammatory process deformity of the intranasal structure :

Hypertrophic rhinitis.
Deviated nasal septum.
Deformed structure of the nasal concha.

A common factor in the inflammatory process in the paranasal sinuses is viral infection. Because of it, the mucous membrane of the paranasal sinuses can become very inflamed, swelling of the nasal cavity occurs. As a result, the mucous glands produce a large number of mucus. In this process, the sinuses of the nose are significantly narrowed, because the mucosa is very swollen and clogged with thick mucus. When secretion stagnates, it actively develops opportunistic flora. Dangerous if viral disease bacterial infection begins.

Attention! Not always inflammation of the paranasal sinuses is provoked by microbes. Quite often, the reasons may be some chemical substances and cold air.
Video: Live Healthy! Symptoms of sinusitis

The cause of the development of the inflammatory process may be an allergic reaction. It leads to vasomotor rhinitis, a severe swelling of the nasal mucosa.

Symptoms of inflammation of the paranasal sinuses

Ethmoiditis

Video: Live Healthy! Symptoms and treatment of sinusitis

Symptoms of the disease will depend on the type of inflammation. If the patient has ethmoiditis, he is disturbed by a severe headache, which radiates to the region of the bridge of the nose and the roots of the nose. In children, inflammation may be accompanied by conjunctivitis, eyelid edema. AT this case a high temperature is observed. Secretion at first serous, then purulent. The sense of smell can sharply decrease, there are problems with breathing. When inflammation develops rapidly, everything ends with swelling of the eyelids, protrusion of the eyeball.

Frontit

When the inflammatory process is provoked by frontal sinusitis, nasal breathing becomes difficult. The patient has severe pain in the forehead, it may worsen in the morning. The patient complains that his sense of smell is reduced, he is afraid of light, there are unpleasant sensations in the eye area. It becomes easier only after the person empties the affected sinuses. In a severe case, with inflammation, the skin on the forehead may change, the superciliary region swells, the upper eyelid on the affected side.

Sphenoiditis

If inflammation occurs with sphenoiditis, the headache first worries, it radiates to the orbit, then the crown and back of the head are affected. The chronic form is accompanied by damage to the optic nerve and decreased vision.

What is dangerous inflammation of the paranasal sinuses?

Each patient must understand that inflammation extends to the region of the orbit, the intracranial structure. When the inflammatory process is deep, it leads to complete defeat bone and the development of osteomyelitis. It is dangerous when meningitis develops (inflammation of the membranes of the brain).

Frontitis may result in a subdural or epidural brain abscess. The main thing is to diagnose the disease in a timely manner and start treating it, otherwise everything may end. lethal outcome.

Diagnosis and treatment of inflammation of the paranasal sinuses

First of all, the doctor stops the pain, relieves inflammation and restores drainage in the sinuses. To normalize the outflow of mucus, it is necessary to take Sanorin, Naphthyzin, Nazol, Galazolin, with their help you can get rid of swelling of the nasal mucosa. In inflammation of bacterial origin, antibiotics are used. If a large amount of pus has accumulated in the sinuses, an autopsy and cleansing is performed.

Video: Treatment of sinusitis

Attention! With a viral inflammatory process, antibiotics do not need to be used, they are ineffective and can lead to a decrease in immunity.

Additionally, antihistamines may be prescribed, because inflammation is often provoked by a severe allergic reaction. Physiotherapy procedures - UHF, diadynamic current will help alleviate your condition.

If all the above methods of treatment did not help, surgery will be necessary. AT modern medicine using endoscopic equipment.

So, the main thing is not to start inflammation, if you do not want the disease to become chronic or lead to serious consequences.

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Inflammation of the sinuses, in which adnexal areas are affected, is medically called sinusitis. This disease occurs in all people, regardless of the age of the patient and his lifestyle. With inflammation of the paranasal sinuses, patients complain of a lot of symptoms, by which one can determine the type and nature of the disease. Sinusitis is divided into several forms, which must be determined even before the start of medical therapies.

With an incorrect diagnosis and procedures aimed at treating, for example, sinusitis, it is possible severe consequences. Therefore, when prolonged runny nose, feeling unwell, constantly elevated body temperature, do not delay visiting a doctor. In this way, you will be able to determine the symptoms and treatment of sinus inflammation even at early stage.

When contacting a medical center, doctors carefully examine the patient and are interested in his symptoms. Symptoms of sinusitis have important features. It is by them that one can determine the form of inflammation and the nature of the course of the disease.

There are four types of inflammation in the paranasal sinuses of the nasal cavity:

All types of ailment have pronounced symptoms that can be pronounced or be almost invisible.

Their sharpness largely depends on individual characteristics patient and the state of the body's immune system.

Diagnostics

First of all, when diagnosing the localization of the disease, the doctor identifies the causes of the disease. The most common factor in the formation of sinusitis is traumatization of the nasal wings or nasal septum. Other causes include viral entry or bacterial development in the nasal cavity.

In the first case, the virus is often formed as a result of SARS inflammation and patients often confuse sinusitis with colds. In the second situation, sinusitis can develop as a result of a negative process in the oral cavity, not fully cured teeth, or due to the development of caries.

Usually, with such a course of the disease, the patient's well-being worsens significantly every day., the body temperature rises, the timbre of the voice changes, strong pains appear in the head and temples.

The next cause of the formation of inflammation of the paranasal sinuses is considered a fungus. In such a case, it is necessary emergency treatment ailment with the use of antibacterial drugs and various antifungal medicines. In the absence of treatment, patients complain of a strong increase in temperature, up to 39 degrees Celsius, dysfunction of many ENT organs, and other signs.

Under the frequent influence of too warm or cold temperatures on the patient's body, sinusitis occurs much more often.

In addition, many of the inflammatory process is complicated certain symptoms, which at an early stage are similar to SARS.

Most often, with such a pathological process, patients complain of the following signs of the disease:

a strong increase in body temperature;
partial deafness;
swelling not only of the nasal mucosa, but of the entire face;
color change skin, education dark circles under the eyes;
strong pressure in the region of the nose, decreased visual acuity;
eye pain and increased intraocular pressure;
a strong anatomical change in the nasal cavity;
on palpation of the affected area, sharp shooting sensations;
pain when tilting and turning the head;
in the evening and at night, increased nasal congestion;
mucous discharge from the nose of different shades, purulent accumulations in the sinuses;
poor outflow of mucus;
strong, hacking cough;
bad feeling;
fatigue, loss of working capacity, insomnia;
during the progression of the disease, an increase in purulent discharge is noted;
swelling from the inner cavity of the eyes;

Often these symptoms are accompanied by nosebleeds, severe pain throughout the body, as well as some individual symptoms.

How and how to treat inflammation of the sinus

Treatment of inflammatory processes in the nasal cavity takes long time. In many ways, the course of treatment depends on the diagnosis, as well as the nature of the disease itself.

To prescribe drug therapy, the patient must go through all diagnostic procedures.

On their basis, the specialist will make a final decision and prescribe a course of tablets and sprays.

With inflammation of sinusitis, it is necessary to donate blood and check the level of leukocytes.

At increased rates, the treatment will be more complex, since such a sign symbolizes the acute course of the disease.

It is impossible to compose a complex proper treatment without computed tomography as well as x-rays. Only after all the procedures have been completed, the patient will be prescribed further treatment.

Usually, drug therapy includes antibacterial drugs, homeopathic remedies and antiviral drugs. At the initial stage of inflammation, the patient may be advised to use alternative methods of medicine, but folk recipes will not help in the later phases of sinusitis.

For nasal congestion

If the sinuses are clogged, first of all, it is necessary to use medications to relieve swelling.

They help to eliminate mucus from the sinuses and clear the passages, which will normalize breathing.

For nasal congestion, doctors usually prescribe the following drugs: « Oxymetazoline", "Nafazolin", "Sanorin", "Nazol", "Erespal", "Sinupret".

Keep in mind that it is necessary to be treated with these medicines for no more than one week. Otherwise, the body gets used to active components drug and ceases to perceive them as a drug.

Washing

The next step on the path to recovery will be washing the nasal passages with the following funds: « », « », "Fornos" and others.

Flushing is necessary before each use of the nasal remedy and as needed.

There are no serious contraindications for this procedure, but it is best to consult with your doctor about choosing an individual drug.

In some cases, doctors can replace specialized solutions with decoctions of chamomile or St. John's wort.

Combined drugs

The next step in the treatment of sinusitis will be the use of combined nasal preparations: "Isofra", "Sofradex", "Garazon", "Polydex", "Normax".

Their action is aimed at the destruction of viruses and infections, as well as the elimination of the focus of inflammation itself.

It is necessary to bury them for no more than five days in accordance with the dosage.

Anti-inflammatory and homeopathic

In addition to drops with antibiotics, it is important to use anti-inflammatory drugs. The treatment of sinusitis does not stop there. Throughout the course of treatment, the patient needs antiallergic drugs. They relieve swelling, promote the natural functioning of the sinuses and improve the outflow of mucus. It is best to take known drugs: "Diazolin", "Zirtek", "Claritin", "Loratadin", "Cetrin".

Antibacterial drugs

If, after performing all the procedures, the patient does not notice improvement, then the patient is prescribed more powerful drugs. These medicines include antibiotics from the penicillin group.

With sinusitis, it is allowed to use the following antibacterial drugs: "Erythromycin", "Amoxicillin", "Cefuroxime".

When acute course ailments they can be prescribed for up to ten days.

If the inflammation has passed into the chronic phase, the course may be increased.

After the end of treatment with antibacterial agents, do not forget about the need for probiotics. It is best to use medicines such as "Bifidumbacterin", "Lactobacterin", "Colibacterin".

If the inflammation is gaining momentum, the patient is admitted to the hospital and prescribed surgical intervention. Operation preceded drug therapy, but only as a helper process.

Conclusion

Sinusitis has a lot of dangerous consequences. They can form not only with inadequate therapy, but also in the case of an incompletely cured disease. Therefore, in case of serious complications, constant monitoring of several doctors is necessary.

At this time, the body is especially vulnerable. Most often, improper treatment of sinusitis or ignoring the dosages and advice of doctors provokes the formation of inflammation of the eyelids, the appearance of severe swelling, otitis media, chronic sinusitis and so on. In particular severe cases inflammation of the membranes of the brain is not excluded.

Under the influence of bacteria, viruses, allergies, many sinuses become inflamed. You can identify the inflammatory process using x-rays, MRI and other diagnostic methods.

But how to stop this process and what methods of treatment are best used?

Inflammation of the sinuses of the nose causes

Before starting treatment, it is necessary to find out the causes of sinusitis (inflammatory process). There are the following factors that provoke inflammation:

1. Viruses. The main symptoms of viral inflammation are a manifestation of ARVI; at the first stage of the development of inflammation, nothing can be suspected.

2. Bacteria. They appear in the form of a runny nose due to the presence of viruses. It can also be the result of untreated teeth, gradually the bacteria will penetrate into maxillary sinuses. General state will worsen, severe headaches. Treatment is prescribed by a doctor.

3. Fungus. If the patient voluntarily takes antibiotics, fungal sinusitis will develop as a result. Antibiotics must be taken with caution, especially in children. Used in treatment antifungals.

4. Allergy. There is no point in taking antibiotics for treatment.

5. Injuries. If the sinuses of the nose become inflamed after an injury, then it is necessary first of all to eliminate its consequences.

As a result of the curvature of the nasal septum, the paranasal sinuses can become inflamed in both children and adults.

Inflammation of the sinuses in the nose symptoms

Symptoms of the disease are manifested by a severe headache, a feeling of heaviness near the nose, cheekbones, on the forehead. In some cases, dizziness when trying to get up.

Since the nasal mucosa is prone to swelling, a runny nose occurs, breathing becomes difficult. Everything is dry in the throat, periodically there is an urge to cough, the tongue, as if lined with something.

Sinusitis is marked not only by attacks of headache, but also by flatulence, bloating, the whole body as a whole is weakened. The mood is panicky, constantly haunted by a feeling of fear, in the limbs a kind of tingling. The face and legs may swell, with a very pale complexion. Perhaps a feeling of slight pain in the shoulders and neck.

The mucosa changes depending on the nature of the disease. So, for example, when acute form it thickens, the secret is difficult to withdraw, and the vessels are oversaturated with blood. First, the effusion is visible under the blood, and then a small amount pus.

The patient is in a state of fever, unusual pressure and heaviness are noted in the skull, olfactory sensations are dulled. It is possible to increase the body temperature to the level of 39, pus is constantly released from the nose.

If speak about external symptoms, then swelling of the cheeks and the area above the eyebrows is noted, redness of the face is possible. When you try to knock on the sinuses, there will be pain.

Another symptom of the inflammatory process in the sinuses is prolonged runny nose, especially if the selections have green color. In order to eliminate the symptoms of inflammation, you can not drip vasoconstrictor drops, under their influence, the motility of the mucosa will be disturbed, which means that the blood supply will worsen.

With inflammation of the sinuses, the symptoms are always clearly manifested, so you can make a preliminary diagnosis yourself, however, to accurately confirm it, you need to undergo a diagnosis.

Inflammation of the sinuses of the nose diagnostics

The doctor prescribes the necessary diagnostic procedures only after he has collected a complete history and examined the patient. With such a disease, a blood test may show elevated level leukocytes, this is what indicates the presence acute inflammation.

You can get complete information about the condition of the sinuses using computed tomography. When conducting such a study, you can see the presence of fluid, polyps, pathological changes, as well as the permeability of the mouth.

X-ray examination in last years rarely used, as it does not carry special information. It is used exclusively in the acute form of the inflammatory process. AT rare cases it is necessary to carry out a sinus protocol, as a result of the procedure, pus will be taken from the nose and removed.

During this procedure, the patient sits. As local anesthesia the drug is injected into the lower canal of the nasal passage. Using a puncture needle, the doctor will pierce the central wall of the sinus, then inject sodium chloride at room temperature there. Thanks to these manipulations, the sinus, the nasal cavity is washed and disinfected. Final stage in the procedure - taking antibiotics or stimulants, at the discretion of the attending physician.

Inflammation of the sinuses of the nose treatment

Upon examination of the patient, an accurate diagnosis, appropriate treatment is prescribed. the main objective doctor - to eliminate the inflammatory process, completely clear the nose of mucus and pus, and also relieve swelling.

First of all, appoint antimicrobials, in the treatment of an acute form of inflammation, it is necessary to take drugs for up to three weeks. In the event that the disease has become chronic, the course of treatment reaches several months.

In order to reduce swelling prescribed vasoconstrictors, you can use them for no more than three days.

If the symptoms of the disease are accompanied by allergies, the specialist will prescribe special H1 - blockers.

Running stage The inflammatory process is characterized in that the discharge becomes thick and viscous, while the smell resembles rot. In this case, the ENT doctor will take a puncture to further rinse the sinuses, remove all secretions and administer the drug. As a result of such manipulations, the patient's condition will be alleviated, and the doctor will receive material for research and identification of the exact pathogen.

Quite often, in the treatment of the inflammatory process of the sinuses, a combined method is used, namely, antibiotics are taken for two weeks. Then they make a piercing and remove the accumulated pus and other secretions.

Apart from traditional treatment, folk methods are also used, and it is better to combine these two therapies.

So, folk remedies for the treatment of inflamed sinuses:

1. In case of an inflammatory process, you can cope with a headache with the help of inhalations with the addition of mint. Pour a liter of water into a container, add 50 grams of mint leaves, boil everything and breathe for 5-10 minutes. It is not recommended to go outside in cool weather.

2. Relieve the symptoms of the inflammatory process in the first stage can essential oils- St. John's wort, calendula, mint, eucalyptus. They can also be used for the preparation of inhalations.

3. Peel one clove of garlic, crush and mix with a spoonful of honey. Eat once a day before bed, drink warm water.

4. Sprinkle two spoons flax seeds, pour half a glass of milk, put on fire and boil for 10 minutes. Turn off and breathe over the steam until the contents of the pot have cooled.

5. For chronic inflammation, dilute 3% hydrogen peroxide in a few tablespoons of water. Finished product it is necessary to instill into each nostril up to five to six times a day.

6. With sinusitis, the following compress helps well: rub the garlic on a grater and dilute it with vodka. It is necessary to put a compress for 2 hours several times a day.

It is necessary to use folk remedies only after examination and establishment accurate diagnosis.

Inflammation of the sinuses of the nose complication

It's important to understand incompletely cured inflammation will lead to serious complications. Often the reason lies in the wrong medication, or a decrease in immunity. After all, it is during this period that the body becomes vulnerable to the penetration of various harmful microorganisms.

The most common complication is damage to the eye sockets and eyes, the inflammatory process passes to the brain, resulting in intracranial complications. Complications related to eye damage include the following: inflammation of the eyelids, severe swelling, phlegmon and more. Intracranial complications include - thrombosis of the cavernous body, inflammation of the soft membranes of the brain.

The sooner treatment is started, the more likely it is to recover faster and avoid complications. For this, it is necessary to consult a doctor in a timely manner.

by the most serious complication thrombosis is considered, and the reason for this lies not only in acute stage diseases, but also in chronic. Inflammation from the frontal and sphenoid sinuses passes to the skull.

There are many reasons why this complication can occur. First of all, this weak immunity, skull base defects.

The inflammatory process spreads rapidly throughout the body along with the blood, resulting in sepsis. This is a serious threat to the health and life of the patient.

Such a complication as inflamed sinuses requires immediate treatment, which includes the full range of complex measures. Measures to eliminate cerebral edema should also be taken in a timely manner. In exceptional cases, surgical intervention is required.

In spite of high level development of medicine, such a complication as inflammation of the cavernous body can be fatal. Therefore, if you observe the first symptoms of inflammation of the sinuses, treatment should be started as soon as possible.

The main symptom of sinusitis (from lat. Sinusitis) is an acute or chronic inflammation of the mucous or bony walls of the sinuses - sinuses. In otolaryngology, it is one of the most common. A common cause is the filling of the sinuses with exudate, which accumulates due to a viral or bacterial infection. Due to the stagnation of mucus, the natural ventilation of the sinuses is disturbed. Pathology is dangerous because without adequate treatment can become chronic and even lead to complications in the form of meningitis or damage to the bone facial structures.

What is sinusitis

This is the name of inflammation that affects one or more paranasal sinuses, developing as an independent disease or a consequence of complications from another pathology. The disease is acute - the treatment takes about 2 months, and the symptoms of sinusitis are more pronounced. The chronic form may not go away for a very long time, reappearing with the slightest cold. This happens in people with reduced immunity or immunodeficiency.

Species

Each sinus is lined with a mucous membrane and connected to the nasal cavity. This message is very important to ensure normal state paranasal sinuses. If the channel connecting them to the nasal cavity closes, then air begins to be absorbed into the blood from the sinus. As a result, the sinus is filled with inflammatory fluid, which is a favorable environment for the reproduction of bacteria.

The disease can affect both one and several paranasal sinuses. Depending on the localization, pathology can be of different types:

Frontit. This type involves inflammation of the paranasal sinus. It runs harder than other types.
Sinusitis. It is characterized by inflammation of the maxillary sinus. It is often a complication of influenza, scarlet fever, prolonged runny nose, measles and other infectious diseases.
Sphenoiditis. Symptoms of such sinusitis appear less frequently than others, suggesting inflammation of the sphenoid sinus.
Etmoiditis. The most common type of this disease, characterized by inflammation of the cells lattice labyrinth.

Classification of pathology

Sinusitis can be triggered by various factors. More often they are secondary pathological processes in the paranasal sinuses, for example, rhinitis, influenza, scarlet fever, measles. Varieties of pathology are distinguished according to other criteria.

By the nature of the flow. May be acute and chronic. In the first case, the symptoms of sinusitis are more vivid, and in the second, the disease is characterized by frequent relapses.
According to the pathological process. The disease is divided into productive (parietal-hyperplastic and polypous) and exudative forms (purulent, catarrhal, serous).
By etiology. Depending on the cause and symptoms of sinusitis, it can be allergic, traumatic, bacterial, mixed, fungal and viral.

Signs of illness in adults

Regardless of the specific type and symptoms of sinusitis, the disease has a number of common features characteristic of any of its forms in adults:

local signs in the form of pain and pressure in the face - eyes, forehead, nose, cheeks;
cough at night;
toothache;
bad breath;
impaired sense of smell;
increased fatigue;
dizziness;
feeling of discomfort in the nose;
nasal congestion due to violations of normal ventilation;
nasality in the voice;
subfebrile temperature;
copious mucous or purulent discharge from the nose.

Headache

This symptom of sinusitis is almost permanent. Although this sign may be absent if the natural fistulas are not closed, i.e. no congestion. Sinus headaches are either dull or sharp. They can affect the back of the head or forehead, and also be spilled. Pain occurs due to the accumulation of pus inside the sinuses, which put pressure on bottom walls. Peculiarities discomfort:

Headache worse when coughing and sneezing.
Patients complain of a feeling of pressure in the bridge of the nose and its lateral sections. Sometimes they may not attribute the pain to suppuration, citing pressure or weakness as the cause.
Spasms become stronger when the head is tilted forward, and when tilted to the side, dizziness is observed.
In the chronic form, attacks of pain intensify in the evening.

Sinus pain affects different areas of the head. With frontitis, it is felt in the forehead area. Other forms of pathology are characterized by pain in the following departments:

with ethmoiditis - in eyeballs, in the depth of the bridge of the nose;
with sinusitis - gives to the upper jaw, the roots of the teeth, disturbs on the sides of the wings of the nose;
with a sphenoidal form, it is noted in the middle of the head, extends to the back of the head, crown or temple.

This symptom is secondary, occurs more often at night. The cause is irritated dry mucosa of the nasopharynx, in which there is no healthy moisture, or mucus flowing into the larynx. Night cough may be the result of a viral or bacterial infection, in which the pathogenic microflora does not cover all nasal cavities, but also the upper and lower Airways. This leads to swelling of the mucosa and narrowing of the connecting channels. Due to the coverage of bacteria in the bronchi and lungs, an excruciating dry cough begins, often accompanied by chest pain.

Another classic symptom of this disease is nasal congestion, which is permanent, with periods of short-term relief and periods of "piercing" one or the other nostril. Consequence permanent congestion becomes nasal voice. The symptom is accompanied by the release of a purulent secret of yellow or green color, in some cases with blood impurities. They may not be there if the congestion is too strong and makes it difficult to outflow through nasal sinus.

Elevated temperature

In combination with congestion and headache, the temperature may rise. High it happens more often in the acute form of the disease. AT chronic stage the temperature rarely rises above 37 degrees. In any form, the patient feels general malaise, manifested by signs of intoxication:

increased fatigue;
sleep disturbance;
nausea;
loss of appetite;
weakness;
photophobia.

Deterioration of smell

As a result of impaired nasal breathing, the sense of smell may be impaired. This symptom is especially sharply manifested in sphenoiditis. The patient here may also complain about the sensation of unpleasant odors. The olfactory disorder has its own medical name- anosmia. This condition is a symptom of some other diseases. It is possible to determine the pathology only by what symptoms anosmia is combined with.

Inflammation of the paranasal sinuses - specific symptoms

Any inflammation of the sinuses is dangerous because the patient may not give it special attention confusing the symptoms of sinusitis with those of the common cold. Isolation of gray-yellow thick mucus is associated with a runny nose, and congestion, headache and malaise with SARS or influenza. The most serious complications in this case are meningitis and brain abscess. Bacteria with such a pathology are dangerous for the whole organism. In order not to be confused with a cold, it is worth knowing the symptoms of sinusitis that are characteristic of each of its forms.

Frontit

When frontal sinusitis inflammation affects the frontal paranasal sinus. The disease occurs in acute or chronic form. Symptoms of the first are sharp pain in the forehead, photophobia, difficulty in nasal breathing. From the side of the blocked nostril, odorless mucus discharge is noted. The temperature rises to 39 degrees, swelling in the soft tissues. Chronic frontitis is expressed somewhat differently:

aching or pressing headache, localized on one side of the face;
increased pain with pressure on the inner corner of the orbit;
copious discharge from the nose in the morning, sometimes with bad smell;
expectoration of large amounts of sputum in the morning.

Inflammation of the maxillary sinuses

The clinical picture of sinusitis is characterized by pressure in the area of the affected sinus. Sometimes severe headaches are possible that radiate to the upper jaw, forehead, cheekbones, and in more rare cases, temples. The nose with sinusitis is often stuffed up on both sides, which causes a nasal voice. Sometimes relief comes and one nostril begins to breathe normally, but this is short-lived. From the nose, serous, liquid, and then viscous, cloudy and greenish discharge.

In the acute form of sinusitis, there is an increase in temperature to 38-39 degrees. When chronic course patients complain of:

swelling of the eyelids;
conjunctivitis;
constant runny nose;
eye pain;
headache;
unilateral nasal congestion;
dry cough;
dullness of the sense of smell.

This is the name of the inflammatory process in the area of the shell of the posterior cells of the ethmoid bone. The disease often develops with rhinitis, flu, colds, prolonged inhalation of cold air, allergies. characteristic symptom acute ethmoiditis is a headache that affects the root of the nose and the bridge of the nose. Possible violation or complete absence nasal breathing. The general condition of the patient is gradually deteriorating, the temperature rises to 38 degrees. Discharge from the nose is initially odorless, then it becomes purulent or serous-purulent.

With a rapid course, inflammation can affect the inner corner of the orbit, causing it to swell. Chronic ethmoiditis is distinguished by other symptoms:

increased fatigue;
decrease in working capacity;
nasal congestion;
copious discharge from the nose;
headache.

The most common form is characterized by the presence of pain in the parietal or occipital region and a sensation of an unpleasant odor. The discharge swells along the anterior wall of the sphenoid sinus along the posterior wall and fornix of the nasopharynx. Because of this, the process can spread to the orbit, other sinuses and cranial cavities. A dangerous consequence here is a visual complication in the form of retrobulbar neuritis.

Acute and chronic sinusitis - distinguishing features

According to the main classification, almost any disease can be acute or chronic. The same goes for sinusitis. The main difference between the two forms of the disease is the severity of symptoms. In acute, they occur suddenly, the patient tolerates them harder. The chronic form proceeds not so brightly. It is characterized by a change in periods of improvement and relapses. Each form has its own characteristics by which it can be recognized.

Acute form of the disease

It is possible to diagnose an acute stage of this pathology in a patient by a suddenly rising temperature, a headache, and congestion. It becomes difficult for a person to breathe, the nose becomes clogged with mucus. Congestion periodically passes from one nostril to another. Against the background of it, discharge from the nose is observed - they can be with pus or even blood. The sense of smell worsens, the area of inflammation causes pain and swelling of the soft tissues. At night, the patient is tormented by bouts of dry cough. Acute sinusitis is divided into severe, moderate and mild depending on the symptoms.

Chronic form

If the acute inflammatory process has not ended, has not been treated to the end or has not been treated at all, the disease can become chronic. The symptoms of such sinusitis include those listed for the acute form - all or just a few. They can be stored for 2 or more months. The disease recurs several times throughout the year. The most common symptoms are nasal congestion and large amounts of mucus. Against this background, you can observe:

fatigue;
swelling of the face, a rush of blood;
heat;
toothache;
colorless or yellow discharge from the nose.

How does sinusitis manifest in children?

The child is susceptible to this disease after suffering colds including flu, sore throat, otitis media. Children are characterized by left- or right-sided nasal congestion. It is more common in people over 7 years of age. The symptoms of sinusitis are not so bright, so they are difficult to notice. The following should be of concern:

weakness of the baby;
purulent discharge from the nose;
bad breath;
malaise;
breathing through the mouth day and night during sleep;
normal temperature, no complaints of headache;
reduced appetite.

Diagnosis of the disease

Sinusitis symptoms are not harmless. The development of purulent processes in the maxillary region causes the penetration of pathogenic microorganisms into the vascular bed of the brain, which cause meningoencephalitis. The infection can affect the ears, eyes, and respiratory tract. Bacteria provoke the development of bronchitis, pneumonia, bronchial asthma.

For this reason, it is important to consult a doctor at the first sign. Based on the tests, he will be able to determine the causative agent of the disease and its sensitivity to certain drugs, which will be used for treatment. To make an accurate diagnosis, use:

radiograph;
Magnetic resonance imaging;
CT scan;
laboratory research.

X-ray or MRI

Diagnosis of sinusitis by these methods helps to identify the disease at an early stage. X-ray with high probability will show the problems of the sinuses, but it does not always help to diagnose the child. The reason is that the tissues of the body are not yet fully formed in babies. When X-rays do not help, MRI is used. The procedure determines the presence of tumors in the nasal cavity, curvature of the nasal septum, polyps. The use of MRI is not always justified, because it is possible to confirm the pathology without it due to other diagnostic methods.

This procedure is the best visual method for examining the paranasal sinuses. It is especially recommended for acute sinusitis complicated by serious infections. Computed tomography allows you to see the contours, density, volume and structure of the paranasal sinuses. In addition, this procedure helps to evaluate the effectiveness of the already prescribed treatment.

Laboratory diagnostics

Confirm the symptoms of sinusitis helps general analysis blood. It detects the presence of an inflammatory process in the body. To determine the causative agent of the disease, a tank sowing is carried out. The study consists in taking fluid from the paranasal sinuses and studying them. After identifying the pathogen, it is possible to determine its sensitivity to certain drugs, which will be prescribed as drug therapy.

Video

With inflammation of the paranasal sinuses, patients complain of a lot of symptoms, by which one can determine the type and nature of the disease. Sinusitis is divided into several forms, which must be determined even before the start of medical therapies.

With the wrong diagnosis and procedures aimed at treating, for example, sinusitis, serious consequences are possible. Therefore, with a prolonged runny nose, feeling unwell, constantly elevated body temperature, do not delay visiting a doctor. Thus, you can identify the symptoms and treatment of sinus inflammation at an early stage.

Symptoms of the disease

There are four types of inflammation in the paranasal sinuses of the nasal cavity:

All types of ailment have pronounced symptoms that can be pronounced or be almost invisible.

Their severity largely depends on the individual characteristics of the patient and the state of the body's immune system.

Diagnostics

First of all, when diagnosing the localization of the disease, the doctor identifies the causes of the disease. The most common factor in the formation of sinusitis is traumatization of the nasal wings or nasal septum. Other causes include viral penetration or bacterial development in the nasal cavity.

Usually, with such a course of the disease, every day the patient's well-being worsens significantly, the body temperature rises, the timbre of the voice changes, there are strong pains in the head and temples.

The next reason for the formation of inflammation of the paranasal sinuses is a fungus. In this case, urgent treatment of the disease is necessary with the use of antibacterial drugs and various antifungal medicines. In the absence of treatment, patients complain of a strong increase in temperature, up to 39 degrees Celsius, dysfunction of many ENT organs, and other signs.

Under the frequent influence of too warm or cold temperatures on the patient's body, sinusitis occurs much more often.

In addition, for many, the inflammatory process is complicated by certain symptoms, which at an early stage are similar to SARS.

Most often, with such a pathological process, patients complain of the following signs of the disease:

a strong increase in body temperature;
partial deafness;
swelling not only of the nasal mucosa, but of the entire face;
discoloration of the skin, the formation of dark circles under the eyes;
strong pressure in the region of the nose, decreased visual acuity;
eye pain and increased intraocular pressure;
a strong anatomical change in the nasal cavity;
on palpation of the affected area, sharp shooting sensations;
pain when tilting and turning the head;
in the evening and at night, increased nasal congestion;
mucous discharge from the nose of different shades, purulent accumulations in the sinuses;
poor outflow of mucus;
strong, hacking cough;
bad feeling;
fatigue, loss of working capacity, insomnia;
during the progression of the disease, an increase in purulent discharge is noted;
swelling from the inner cavity of the eyes;

Often these symptoms are accompanied by nosebleeds, severe pain throughout the body, as well as some individual symptoms.

How and how to treat inflammation of the sinus

Treatment of inflammatory processes in the nasal cavity takes a long time. In many ways, the course of treatment depends on the diagnosis, as well as the nature of the disease itself.

To prescribe drug therapy, the patient should undergo all diagnostic procedures.

On their basis, the specialist will make a final decision and prescribe a course of tablets and sprays.

With inflammation of sinusitis, it is necessary to donate blood and check the level of leukocytes.

With increased rates, the treatment will be more complex, since such a sign symbolizes the acute course of the disease.

It is impossible to make a comprehensive and correct treatment without computed tomography, as well as x-rays. Only after all the procedures have been completed, the patient will be prescribed further treatment.

Usually, drug therapy includes antibacterial drugs, homeopathic remedies and antiviral drugs. At the initial stage of inflammation, the patient may be advised to use alternative methods of medicine, but traditional recipes will not help in the later phases of sinusitis.

For nasal congestion

If the sinuses are clogged, first of all, it is necessary to use medications to relieve swelling.

They help to eliminate mucus from the sinuses and clear the passages, which will normalize breathing.

With nasal congestion, doctors usually prescribe the following drugs: Oxymetazoline, Nafazolin, Sanorin, Nazol, Erespal, Sinupret.

Keep in mind that it is necessary to be treated with these medicines for no more than one week. Otherwise, the body gets used to the active components of the drug and ceases to perceive them as a drug.

Washing

The next step on the path to recovery will be washing the nasal passages with the help of the following means: Aqua Maris, Aqualor, Dlyanos and others.

Flushing is necessary before each use of the nasal remedy and as needed.

There are no serious contraindications for this procedure, but it is best to consult with your doctor about choosing an individual drug.

In some cases, doctors can replace specialized solutions with decoctions of chamomile or St. John's wort.

Combined drugs

The next step in the treatment of sinusitis will be the use of combined nasal preparations: Isofra, Sofradex, Garazon, Polydex, Normax.

Their action is aimed at the destruction of viruses and infections, as well as the elimination of the focus of inflammation itself.

It is necessary to bury them for no more than five days in accordance with the dosage.

Anti-inflammatory and homeopathic

In addition to drops with antibiotics, it is important to use anti-inflammatory drugs. The treatment of sinusitis does not stop there. Throughout the course of treatment, the patient needs antiallergic drugs. They relieve swelling, promote the natural functioning of the sinuses and improve the outflow of mucus. It is best to take well-known drugs: Diazolin, Zirtek, Claritin, Loratadin, Cetrin.

Antibacterial drugs

If, after performing all the procedures, the patient does not notice improvement, then the patient is prescribed more powerful drugs. These medicines include antibiotics from the penicillin group.

With sinusitis, it is allowed to use the following antibacterial drugs: Erythromycin, Amoxicillin, Cefuroxime.

In the case of an acute course of the disease, they can be prescribed for up to ten days.

If the inflammation has passed into the chronic phase, the course may be increased.

After the end of treatment with antibacterial agents, do not forget about the need for probiotics. It is best to use such medicines as Bifidumbacterin, Lactobacterin, Colibacterin.

If the inflammation is gaining momentum, the patient is admitted to the hospital and surgical intervention is prescribed. The operation is preceded by drug therapy, but only in the form of an auxiliary process.

Conclusion

At this time, the body is especially vulnerable. Most often, improper treatment of sinusitis or ignoring the dosages and advice of doctors provokes the formation of inflammation of the eyelids, the appearance of severe swelling, otitis media, chronic sinusitis, and so on. In especially severe cases, inflammation of the meninges is not excluded.

Directory of major ENT diseases and their treatment

All information on the site is for informational purposes only and does not claim to be absolutely accurate. medical point vision. Treatment must be carried out by a qualified doctor. By self-medicating, you can harm yourself!

How to quickly and accurately cure sinusitis

What is sinusitis and how is it treated? It's about about inflammation of one or more paranasal sinuses, which is caused by viral, fungal, allergic and some other pathogens. Sinusitis can act as an independent disease or be a complication of influenza, rhinitis, colds, measles and other infectious diseases.

The treatment regimen involves the use of medication, physiotherapy, and in especially advanced cases - operational methods. Self-medication is strictly prohibited. This could make it worse clinical picture and lead to severe intracranial and orbital complications(up to death).

How does sinusitis develop in adults?

If an infection becomes the cause of the inflammatory process of the paranasal sinuses, a strong swelling of the mucous membrane appears. There is an active production of mucus. The fistula, which connects the nasal cavity and sinuses, narrows significantly. Natural ventilation and drainage (cleansing) of the sinuses is disturbed. As a result, mucus accumulates within the paranasal sinuses, thickens and becomes an ideal breeding ground for pathogenic microflora.

In the early stages of the development of the disease, nasal discharge is serous in nature. But then they quickly turn into muco-serous. If the treatment of sinusitis in adults does not occur, the mucus penetrates bacterial pathogens. As a result, the permeability of the capillary walls decreases, extensive purulent foci appear with high content leukocytes and detritus.

Delay with therapy contributes to the appearance of dangerous consequences or the risk of relapse. Duration acute sinusitis does not exceed two months.

The root causes of the disease

Most clinical cases(about 50 percent) such an ailment is caused by Pfeiffer's bacillus and pneumococci. Slightly less inflammation provokes hemolytic streptococcus, moraxella and other bacterial, viral and fungal agents. The main causes of sinusitis will be the following:

Congenital anomalies in the structure of the nasal cavity, as well as the ethmoid labyrinth.
Acquired defects, such as deviated septum. Such pathological changes may occur due to an incorrectly performed operation or mechanical injuries. Often they appear due to hypertrophic type rhinitis.
Quite often, sinusitis is a consequence of not fully cured infectious diseases, including pathologies of the oral cavity (caries, pulpitis, and so on).
In addition, one of the possible reasons can be called such medical manipulations as nasal tamponade, nasotracheal intubation, and so on.
The appearance of adenoids, polyps and other pathological neoplasms in the oral and nasal cavities.
Often sinusitis occurs against the background of a weakened immune system. This is due to bad habits- Smoking or alcohol abuse.
In some cases, inflammatory processes in the paranasal sinuses appear as a result of improper or poor-quality tooth extraction.
Mycotic (fungal) infections are another possible cause of the disease. For the most part, this is the result of unreasonable use of antibiotics, after which immunity is significantly reduced.
Out-of-season clothing and, as a result, frequent hypothermia of the body.
Frequent contact of the nasal mucosa with harmful chemical compounds(professional factor, adverse environmental conditions, and so on).

Types and forms

Sinusitis, the treatment of which always begins with an accurate diagnosis, can be divided into 4 main types. In this case, the classification is based on the localization of the inflammatory process.

The first type is sinusitis. Pathological changes occur within the maxillary sinuses, which are located on the sides of the nasal wings. Sinusitis occurs most often, which is easily explained low location sinuses and difficulty passing mucus.
The most dangerous and insidious type of sinusitis can be called frontal sinusitis. Inflammation of the frontal sinuses, in the absence of adequate therapy, can have far-reaching Negative consequences in the form of a decrease in the acuity of hearing and vision, a complete loss of smell and a number of complications. Frontitis is dangerous because the frontal sinuses are located very close to such vital organs as the ears and eyes.
With ethmoiditis, the inflammatory process is concentrated in the cells of the ethmoid labyrinth. For this reason, the pain sensation is concentrated in the region of the nose. Often this type of sinusitis is complicated by sinusitis.
Sphenoiditis is the least common. In this case, inflammation begins in the sphenoid sinus, which is located slightly deeper than the ethmoid bone.

To quickly and safely get rid of sinusitis, it is necessary to accurately determine its form - acute or chronic. For acute form clinical symptoms appear quickly and clearly. Body temperature instantly rises, severe headaches occur. Nasal congestion prevents the patient from breathing normally. There is a clear nasal discharge, which very quickly transforms into purulent.

In addition, on front side of the affected sinus during palpation (palpation), pain is clearly visible. The patient may be disturbed by bouts of dry cough, aggravated at night. After sleep, swelling of the soft facial tissues is often noticeable. The sharpness of smell is reduced, and in some cases the patient may not distinguish smells at all.

As for the chronic form of sinusitis, in this case the symptoms are similar. However, the manifestations will be blurred and dimly expressed. Symptoms manifest themselves during exacerbation, and during the period of remission they fade or completely disappear.

The main reasons for the transition of the acute form to the chronic one are long-term ignorance of the problem, lack of treatment, frequent contact with allergens.

Therapy

If you want to know how to cure sinusitis, you need to decide on the priority areas of therapy. The key tasks are the following.

Complete destruction of pathogenic microflora in the paranasal sinus and nasal cavity.
Next, you should get rid of provoking factors as soon as possible. These include acquired or congenital anomalies in the structure of the nasal structures.
Then comes the stage of cupping especially bright symptoms and manifestations. To restore correct work sinus, its normal aeration and natural drainage should be ensured.
At the final stages of sinusitis treatment, all efforts are aimed at preventing complications and transforming the acute form into a chronic one.

How to quickly cure sinusitis? For this, we do not recommend delaying the visit to the doctor. At the initial stage, treatment in adults can be performed with medication. To get rid of the symptoms of the disease and eliminate the causative agent of the disease, the following drugs are used:

Antipyretic drugs - Nurofen, Paracetamol and some others will help to lower the body temperature to optimal values.
For the treatment of sinusitis of an allergic nature, one cannot do without antihistamines - Claritin, Tavegil, and so on.
Aerosols for vasoconstriction will help to quickly eliminate the swelling of the nasal cavity and organize the discharge of mucus (but do not forget that their excessive use leads to addiction, as well as excessive dryness of the mucosa).
Bacterial sinusitis, which must be treated under the supervision of a physician, is treated with antibiotics.
Furoat, Beclomethasone, Triamcinolone and some other nasal sprays will help reduce the intensity of a runny nose in children.

Antibiotics

How to treat bacterial type sinusitis at home? For these purposes, it is assigned antibiotic therapy. Let us immediately note that optimal type and the group of antibiotics is selected only by the attending physician. Doing it yourself is not recommended. Otherwise, you can further worsen the clinical picture.

The use of antibiotics will be justified if it is definitely established that the sinusitis has a bacterial origin. In addition, such medicines are indicated in case of detection purulent exudate(mucus).

Foci of pus are an ideal place for the active reproduction of pathological microflora. To stop such a process, the use of antibacterial agents is justified.

If diagnosed mild form sinusitis, preference is given to antibiotics from the group of macrolides, as well as cephalosporins. In especially severe cases, drugs from the penicillin group (second or third generation) are used. Protracted chronic forms of the disease are treated with protected penicillins.

Acute and chronic inflammation of the sinuses, the treatment of which with antibiotics is justified, can be eliminated with a three-day course of Azithromycin. This option is best suited for children and is gentle. Often in demand antibacterial agents local action, for example, Bioparox.

Physiotherapy procedures and puncture (puncture)

as effective therapeutic methods the following appear:

washing the nose with sinusitis using the "cuckoo" method;
puncture of the nasal sinus with its subsequent cleaning from pus;
laser treatment of sinusitis;
electrophoresis;
UHF of the affected sinus;
inhalations based on decoctions of medicinal herbs;
phonophoresis and so on.

To get rid of sinusitis late stages not enough to rinse the nasal cavity antiseptic solutions. The doctor prescribes a puncture (puncture) of the wall of the inflamed paranasal sinus. How does this happen?

With the help of a special tool, penetration into the sinus cavity is carried out through soft cartilage tissue. Next, a catheter (a small hollow tube) is inserted into the resulting hole, through which a disinfectant solution is supplied under a certain pressure. It disinfects the sinus cavity and removes the accumulated pathological contents. In some cases, the procedure is repeated several times, which helps to eliminate recurrence.

Preventive actions

Now we know how to get rid of sinusitis. But it is always easier to prevent any disease than to treat it for a long time and hard, so let's pay attention to prevention. Not fully cured runny nose, flu, colds and other ailments cause various kinds sinusitis.

Therefore, the most important task in the process of prevention is to treat them correctly. Believe me, it is better to spend time and cure a runny nose than to fight acute or chronic sinusitis for weeks.

Don't forget these helpful tips:

Make it a habit to get checked regularly dental clinic. Pulpitis, stomatitis and caries are infectious diseases often trigger the mechanism of inflammation of the paranasal sinuses.
We remind you once again - you should not engage in self-diagnosis and treatment. Wrong or unjustified reception medical preparations leads to sad consequences. The temperature has risen, the runny nose does not go away for a long time? Contact your doctor.
Work on strengthening protective functions. In some cases, with high immunity, the body is able to independently cope with bacterial agents without the use of strong antibacterial agents.
Eat right - include foods with high content vitamins and beneficial trace elements. Refuse semi-finished products, give preference to natural food.

Healthy lifestyle, regular physical activity and proper nutrition - this is what is able to completely replace tablets and sprays. Sinusitis develops more readily in a weakened body. Follow the above tips, live happily ever after!

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Inflammation of the sinuses of the nose causes and symptoms. Effective and safe treatment for inflammation of the sinuses

Under the influence of bacteria, viruses, allergies, many sinuses become inflamed. You can identify the inflammatory process using x-rays, MRI and other diagnostic methods.

But how to stop this process and what methods of treatment are best used?

Inflammation of the sinuses of the nose causes

Before starting treatment, it is necessary to find out the causes of sinusitis (inflammatory process). There are the following factors that provoke inflammation:

1. Viruses. The main symptoms of viral inflammation are a manifestation of ARVI; at the first stage of the development of inflammation, nothing can be suspected.

2. Bacteria. They appear in the form of a runny nose due to the presence of viruses. It can also be a consequence of untreated teeth, gradually the bacteria will penetrate into the maxillary sinuses. The general condition will worsen, severe headaches. Treatment is prescribed by a doctor.

3. Fungus. If the patient voluntarily takes antibiotics, fungal sinusitis will develop as a result. Antibiotics must be taken with caution, especially in children. In the treatment, antifungal agents are used.

4. Allergy. There is no point in taking antibiotics for treatment.

5. Injuries. If the sinuses of the nose become inflamed after an injury, then it is necessary first of all to eliminate its consequences.

As a result of the curvature of the nasal septum, the paranasal sinuses can become inflamed in both children and adults.

Inflammation of the sinuses in the nose symptoms

Symptoms of the disease are manifested by a severe headache, a feeling of heaviness near the nose, cheekbones, on the forehead. In some cases, dizziness when trying to get up.

The mucosa changes depending on the nature of the disease. So, for example, in an acute form, it thickens, the secret is difficult to leave, and the vessels are oversaturated with blood. First, the effusion is seen under the blood, and then a small amount of pus.

If we talk about external symptoms, then swelling of the cheeks and the area above the eyebrows is noted, redness of the face is possible. When you try to knock on the sinuses, there will be pain.

Another symptom of the inflammatory process in the sinuses is a prolonged runny nose, especially if the discharge is green. In order to eliminate the symptoms of inflammation, you can not drip vasoconstrictor drops, under their influence, the motility of the mucosa will be disturbed, which means that the blood supply will worsen.

With inflammation of the sinuses, the symptoms are always clearly manifested, so you can make a preliminary diagnosis yourself, however, to accurately confirm it, you need to undergo a diagnosis.

Inflammation of the sinuses of the nose diagnostics

The doctor prescribes the necessary diagnostic procedures only after he has collected a complete history and examined the patient. With such a disease, a blood test can show an increased level of leukocytes, which is what indicates the presence of acute inflammation.

X-ray examination has rarely been used in recent years, since it does not carry special information. It is used exclusively in the acute form of the inflammatory process. In rare cases, a sinus protocol is necessary, as a result of the procedure, pus is removed from the nose and removed.

During this procedure, the patient sits. As a local anesthesia, the drug is injected into the lower canal of the nasal passage. Using a puncture needle, the doctor will pierce the central wall of the sinus, then inject sodium chloride at room temperature there. Thanks to these manipulations, the sinus, the nasal cavity is washed and disinfected. The last step in the procedure is taking antibiotics or stimulants, at the discretion of the attending physician.

Inflammation of the sinuses of the nose treatment

Upon examination of the patient, an accurate diagnosis, appropriate treatment is prescribed. The main goal of the doctor is to eliminate the inflammatory process, completely clear the nose of mucus and pus, and also relieve swelling.

First of all, antimicrobial drugs are prescribed, in the treatment of an acute form of inflammation, it is necessary to take drugs for up to three weeks. In the event that the disease has become chronic, the course of treatment reaches several months.

In order to reduce swelling, vasoconstrictors are prescribed, they can be used for no more than three days.

If the symptoms of the disease are accompanied by allergies, the specialist will prescribe special H1 - blockers.

The advanced stage of the inflammatory process is characterized in that the discharge becomes thick and viscous, while the smell resembles rot. In this case, the ENT doctor will take a puncture to further rinse the sinuses, remove all secretions and administer the drug. As a result of such manipulations, the patient's condition will be alleviated, and the doctor will receive material for research and identification of the exact pathogen.

In addition to traditional treatment, folk methods are also used, and it is better to combine these two therapies.

So, folk remedies for the treatment of inflamed sinuses:

2. Remove the symptoms of the inflammatory process at the first stage can essential oils - St. John's wort, calendula, mint, eucalyptus. They can also be used for the preparation of inhalations.

3. Peel one clove of garlic, crush and mix with a spoonful of honey. Eat once a day before going to bed with warm water.

4. Pour two tablespoons of flaxseeds, pour half a glass of milk, put on fire and boil for 10 minutes. Turn off and breathe over the steam until the contents of the pot have cooled.

5. For chronic inflammation, dilute 3% hydrogen peroxide in a few tablespoons of water. The finished product must be instilled into each nostril up to five to six times a day.

6. With sinusitis, the following compress helps well: rub the garlic on a grater and dilute it with vodka. It is necessary to put a compress for 2 hours several times a day.

It is necessary to use folk remedies only after an examination and an accurate diagnosis.

Inflammation of the sinuses of the nose complication

It is important to understand that inflammation that is not completely cured will lead to serious complications. Often the reason lies in the wrong medication, or a decrease in immunity. After all, it is during this period that the body becomes vulnerable to the penetration of various harmful microorganisms.

The most common complication is damage to the eye sockets and eyes, the inflammatory process passes to the brain, resulting in intracranial complications. Complications related to eye damage, experts include the following: inflammation of the eyelids, severe swelling, phlegmon, and so on. Intracranial complications include - thrombosis of the cavernous body, inflammation of the soft membranes of the brain.

The sooner treatment is started, the more likely it is to recover faster and avoid complications. For this, it is necessary to consult a doctor in a timely manner.

Thrombosis is considered the most severe complication, and the reason for this lies not only in the acute stage of the disease, but also in the chronic one. Inflammation from the frontal and sphenoid sinuses passes to the skull.

There are many reasons why this complication can occur. First of all, this is a weak immune system, defects in the base of the skull.

The inflammatory process spreads rapidly throughout the body along with the blood, resulting in sepsis. This is a serious threat to the health and life of the patient.

Despite the high level of development of medicine, such a complication as inflammation of the cavernous body can be fatal. Therefore, if you observe the first symptoms of inflammation of the sinuses, treatment should be started as soon as possible.

Portal Editor-in-Chief: Ekaterina Danilova

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Inflammation of the nasal sinuses: traditional and non-traditional methods of treatment

In the list of common ENT diseases, sinusitis, an inflammation of the nasal mucosa and sinuses, occupies a leading position. Most often, the disease occurs as a complication after respiratory diseases. It is necessary to take timely measures to eliminate inflammation in order to avoid the development of unpleasant consequences.

Causes of sinus inflammation

Sinusitis is an acute or chronic inflammation of the sinuses.

The sinuses are located in upper jaw and connected to the nasal cavity through natural holes. Depending on the localization of the inflammatory process in the nasal sinuses, the following forms are distinguished: frontal sinusitis, sinusitis, sinusitis, sphenoiditis.

The inflammatory process in the paranasal sinuses occurs when pathogens enter. Sinusitis can be viral, bacterial or fungal. Viral sinusitis is milder, but bacterial infection can often be observed.

The main factors provoking the development of the inflammatory process:

When ingested, the infection multiplies on the nasal mucosa and then spreads to the paranasal sinuses, thereby causing inflammation and swelling.

Under such conditions, bacteria feel great, and insufficient oxygen supply favorably affects reproduction. Usually, the inflammatory process affects several sinuses, as they are close to each other.

Symptoms

Bad smelling nasal discharge, pain when tilting the head, fever and weakness are signs of sinus inflammation

With inflammation of the sinuses, the patient has the following symptoms:

Discharge from the nose is thick and purulent, with a strong and unpleasant odor.
When tilting the head, there is pain in the paranasal sinuses.
Runny nose.
Strong headache.
Cough.
Puffiness and redness of the eyes.
Increase in body temperature.

The course of the disease can take several forms:

Acute flow. Signs of the inflammatory process are pronounced. If properly treated, the disease goes away without a trace.
Chronic course. The inflammatory process lasts more than a month and develops against the background of an uncured acute form.

If any of these symptoms appear, you should contact an otolaryngologist.

Medications for children and adults

Only after the diagnosis is made and the pathogen is identified, medications are prescribed.

Drug treatment involves the use of drugs to relieve swelling, discharge of mucus from the nasal passages and eliminate the inflammatory process:

Use for nasal congestion vasoconstrictor drugs: Nafazoline, Oxymetazoline, Sanorin, Nazol, etc. It is important to know that it is forbidden to use drops for more than 7 days, as addiction develops. Commonly used in the treatment of sinusitis combined preparations: Isofra, Protargol, Polydex. They contain several active ingredients, due to which the drugs have an antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effect. If there are no contraindications, then you can perform nasal lavage with antiseptic and saline solutions.
Antibiotics are used to clear the infection penicillin series: Cefuroxime, Amoxicillin, Erythromycin, etc. In the acute form, the duration of antibiotic treatment is about a day. If the inflammation has become chronic, then treatment can last about 4-6 weeks. The dosage of the antibiotic is prescribed exclusively by the doctor. At the end of the course of treatment with antibacterial drugs, probiotics should be used. They improve the intestinal microflora and reduce the negative impact of antibiotics on the body.
If necessary, the doctor may prescribe antihistamines, which will reduce the strength of the inflammatory process. Of the antihistamines, Diazolin, Claritin, Loratadin, etc. are used.
In advanced cases, if pus cannot be removed from the sinuses, a puncture is performed. This procedure helps to restore the patency of the nasal passages, remove mucus.
In the treatment of inflammation of the sinuses in children, light vasoconstrictor drugs are used: For Nos, Rinofluimucil, Nazol kids etc. It is useful to perform washings with salt isotonic solutions: Aqua Maris, Aqualor, etc. Saline solutions relieve swelling, thin the secretion and relieve the inflammatory process.
The disease in children is mildly treated using antibiotics from a number of cephalosporins and macrolides: Clarithromycin, Spiramycin, Azithromycin, Cefelim, Ceftriaxone, etc. In severe form, Amoxicillin, Amoxiclav, etc. are used.

It should be remembered that antibiotics are used only for a bacterial infection, when the discharge from the nose is yellow-green. For diseases viral nature the use of antibiotics is inappropriate and ineffective and can lead to a decrease in immunity. Any antibacterial drug is prescribed strictly by an otolaryngologist.

Folk recipes

Steam inhalation is an effective folk method for treating inflammation of the sinuses.

With sinusitis, it is very useful to perform washings, inhalations, make compresses, and also bury your nose with infusions. medicinal plants. Folk methods Treatments do not get rid of the infection, but only help relieve the condition by reducing symptoms.

Popular folk recipes that are effective for inflammation of the sinuses:

Garlic inhalation. Take a few cloves of garlic, peel, chop, pour 120 ml of boiling water. Add a teaspoon of vinegar and mix well. Cover your head terry towel and inhale the vapors for minutes.
Onion solution. Grate a small onion on a fine grater and add a small spoonful of honey. Stir the mixture, pour 120 ml boiled water. Close the container with a lid and leave for 5-7 hours. Then strain and every day rinse the nose with the prepared solution. You can mix grated onion with vegetable oil, squeeze through cheesecloth and bury in the nose.
Aloe juice. Cut off a small leaf of aloe, rinse and squeeze the juice. Dilute in water in equal proportions and instill 2-3 times a day. Instead of aloe, you can use Kalanchoe, while adding more water.
Compress from spruce resin. To prepare a compress, you need to take 200 g of resin, an onion, 50 ml vegetable oil, 15 g of vitriol. Bring the resin to a boil and add all the other ingredients. Mix everything well and use as a compress.
Propolis compress. Take a few pieces of propolis, soak in water and add golden mustache juice in a ratio of 1:1. Heat the mixture over low heat, then put in gauze and roll up in several layers. Apply to the affected sinuses for half an hour.
Decoction of bay leaf. Take 10 bay leaves, pour three liters of water. Put the pan on a slow fire and boil for 5-10 minutes. Then wait until the broth cools slightly and carry out inhalation. You should know that it is forbidden to inhale hot air, as you can burn the mucous membrane.
For inhalation, you can use essential oils of eucalyptus, sage, mint, tea tree. It is important to remember that steam inhalations are not carried out with nasal congestion, nosebleeds, high temperature. This procedure is contraindicated in children under 5 years of age.

Complications of sinus inflammation

A neglected form of sinusitis can cause very dangerous complications.

If the inflammatory process in the sinuses of the nose is not eliminated, then serious complications may develop. This usually occurs when antibiotics are taken incorrectly, against which the protective functions organism, and increases the resistance of pathogens.

In this case, the inflammatory process spreads further and affects the eyes, the bone marrow of the skull, which leads to intracranial complications.

The most common complications of sinusitis are:

Swelling and inflammation of the eyelids.
Abscess of the periosteum.
Phlegmon of the eye cavity.
Inflammation of the soft membrane.
Abscess of the meninges.
Thrombosis of the longitudinal sinus.

With a deep inflammatory process, the bone is affected and osteomyelitis develops. Highly serious complication is meningitis - inflammation of the lining of the brain.

Development intracranial complications increases with a decrease in immunity, bone defects.

The inflammatory process can quickly spread through the bloodstream throughout the body. This can lead to sepsis. This is very dangerous as it can be fatal. With the correct and timely diagnosis, the development of unpleasant consequences can be avoided.

Prevention

Preventive measures are aimed at eliminating provoking factors and pathologies that can lead to the development of the inflammatory process.

The main measures to prevent sinusitis:

It is necessary to treat infections of the nasopharynx in a timely manner.
clear oral cavity from pathogens - treat caries and other dental diseases.
Take measures to strengthen immunity: harden the body, eat a sufficient amount of vegetables and fruits, play sports, give up bad habits, etc.
Avoid hypothermia. AT winter period dress warmly, be sure to wear a hat.
During a cold, avoid crowded places and do not come into contact with people who have a cold.
Perform hygiene measures.
Normalize the normal microclimate in the room. Ventilate the air regularly, use humidifiers if necessary. You should also constantly carry out wet cleaning.
If you are prone to an allergic reaction, you should try to avoid contact with substances that cause allergies.
It is recommended to take vitamin and mineral complexes.

For more information on how to treat sinusitis at home, see the video.