Runny nose in children. Causes, stages of development, symptoms and treatment of the common cold in children. How to deal with persistent rhinitis. Runny nose in newborns

Below are the most common causes runny nose in children.

Viral infections. Coronaviruses, rhinoviruses, adenoviruses and other pathogenic agents cause acute forms of rhinitis in a child.
Bacterial and fungal infections. Less common cause of the common cold, as a rule, are pathogens on late stages rhinitis during the transition from acute to chronic stage diseases.
Hypothermia or a sharp temperature drop. Local or general hypothermia / temperature difference child's body is not considered a direct cause of the common cold, but significantly reduces the immune response, which in turn allows viruses, bacteria and other pathogens to activate almost unhindered and provoke the development of the underlying disease.
Allergens. allergic rhinitis- real scourge modern society, especially for a child living in a large metropolis. Seasonal plant pollen, pet hair or saliva, dust, waste products of mites, other types of allergens can provoke the development of acute and chronic rhinitis, which does not go away on its own and requires special therapy.
Manifestations of other underlying diseases. A runny nose almost always accompanies diseases such as influenza, measles, diphtheria, and so on.
The impact of smoke, chemicals, other irritants on the mucous membrane.
Contact with the mucous membrane of a foreign body.
Side effect a number of medicines ( drug rhinitis).

Symptoms

The symptoms of a runny nose are quite unambiguous and have a clear clinical picture.

First stage. Dry irritation of the mucosa with its hyperemia. There is a burning sensation in the nasal passages, the child constantly wants to sneeze and “cry”. Subfebrinal temperature often manifests itself, there is a moderate pain syndrome of the head, general malaise, weakness, in some cases - signs of intoxication with aching limbs. Usually, this stage lasts a day, maximum - two days.
Second stage. Puffiness forms on the mucous membrane, breathing through the nose is difficult, due to the narrowing of the nasal passages, nasal congestion develops, children often have impaired ability to taste sensations and odor detection. Wet are active serous discharge, often liquid and colorless - it seeps through weakened small-caliber vessels, the liquid fraction of blood plasma, which in turn provokes forced secretion already on the mucosa. Around the nasal passages, on the wings of the nose and upper lip, there is irritation caused by the serous components of the secret - sodium chloride and ammonia.
Third stage. When enough strong immunity in a child, a cold may pass in 3-5 days and end in the second stage. If this does not happen, then after a while, you will be able to observe a yellow/green mucopurulent discharge from the nose with an almost complete blockade of the nasal passages due to severe edema. The child breathes exclusively through the mouth, there is a partial hearing loss due to stuffy ears. Under favorable circumstances, after another 3-4 days, the above symptoms subside, the swelling begins to subside and the cure occurs 14-18 days after the onset of the common cold. However, in the absence of proper treatment in most cases, rhinitis passes into a chronic phase.

Satisfied most of parents do not perceive a runny nose as a disease and let it take its course, believing that after a while, the child's immunity will cope with the disease on its own. Unfortunately, modern generation children has a weakened immune system, which in turn creates certain risks of complications even after a common cold. A runny nose in a child can and should be treated!

It is very important to understand the cause of the common cold. If a runny nose is caused by SARS or a common cold, then there is no need to carry out "active" treatment. First of all, it is necessary to provide the apartment with fresh air (ventilate often). Secondly, make sure that the air in the apartment is humid. Moisten the nasal passage with normal saline or a preparation such as Salina. In 90% of cases, this is more than enough to treat a runny nose in a child.

What to do when a child has a runny nose

First of all - identify the cause of a runny nose, and do not run to the pharmacy for vasoconstrictor drugs.
If the child is small, make sure that mucus does not accumulate in the nose, regularly free the nasal passages from snot with the help of an aspirator. Can a baby blow his nose on his own? Provide him with disposable wipes, which after use can be thrown into a bucket to wash his hands. Leave tissue handkerchiefs in the last century - bacteria accumulate on them.
Without extreme necessity, do not use antipyretics - the correct immune response of the body involves the occurrence of subfebrile temperature, therefore it is rational to use paracetamol and other drugs only in case intense heat and raising the indicator above 38 degrees.
Try to protect the child from drafts, while regularly ventilating the rooms where he is, providing, if necessary, normal level humidity.
Avoid nose drops based on eucalyptus, peppermint, milk, etc. oils. - in a child, this can not only aggravate the disease, causing additional irritation, an active allergic response, and in some cases even sinusitis, when a viscous substance enters the nasal sinuses and accumulates there.

Medical

providing temporary relief of edema - Vibrocil, Brizolin, Otrivin, Nazivin for the appropriate age. They can be used for no more than 10 days in a row, since there is a rapid adaptation of the mucosa to the main active substance drugs and significantly reduced its effectiveness. Moreover, with prolonged use, vasoconstrictor drugs can cause a reverse reaction - drug-induced rhinitis.
- drugs Dolphin, Aqua-Maris, etc. Produced after the use of vasoconstrictor drugs and thorough blowing. If the child is too small and this procedure cannot be carried out, use the usual instillation of saline or drugs like Salina according to the above scheme.
Local use of antiseptics and anti-inflammatory drugs - Avamys or analogues.
At allergic nature runny nose - antihistamines Loratadine tablets or Erius syrup.
Antiviral and antibacterial local preparations. In the case of a confirmed infectious nature of the disease, the use of local antibiotics and antiviral sprays such as Bioparox, Isofra.
Usage non-narcotic analgesics and antipyretics of low toxicity with antipyretic effect as needed - paracetamol, ibuprofen in tablets, rectal suppositories or syrup.
The use of immunomodulators in instillation solutions (Derinat) or tablet / syrup forms based on interferon and its derivatives / combinations.
Vitamin complexes with great content vitamin C.
Conservative physiotherapy - diathermy, UHF, UV irradiation, inhalation with a nebulizer.

Treatment with folk remedies

Any folk remedies used for a child in the treatment of a runny nose must be agreed with the pediatrician without fail!

Squeeze the juice from a beet or carrot, dilute it 1 to 1 with clean water and instill one drop in each nostril three times a day for a week.
Perform inhalations based on decoctions of chamomile or salt solutions.
Dissolve ½ teaspoon of salt in 100 milliliters of water, moisten 2 swabs with the solution and place them in the child's sinuses for 5 minutes.
Take required amount onion and honey in a ratio of 1 to 1, make the most pounded mixture from the ingredients and take one teaspoon 4 times a day thirty minutes before meals for a week.
50 grams pine buds brew in 1 liter of water, boil the broth for 10 minutes, strain and let the child drink 4 times a day in a glass with honey or jam.
Take in equal proportions dry collections of calendula, yarrow and chamomile. Pour one teaspoon of the mix with a glass of boiling water and put in a water bath (about twenty minutes). Cool, strain and drip into the nose two drops three times a day for a week and a half.
Cut the onion in half, grate the garlic, put the components on a plate. Let the child breathe the emitted phytoncides until appearance of a lung burning in the nose/throat. Repeat the procedure 5-6 times a day until recovery.

Complications after a cold in a child

To the list possible complications runny nose in children include the formation of a chronic form of rhinitis, otitis, conjunctivitis, all types of sinusitis, diseases of the lower respiratory tract (laryngitis, pharyngitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, tracheitis), and in some cases - meningitis.

Prevention

In base preventive list measures to prevent the occurrence of a runny nose in a child include hardening, normalization of lifestyle with the organization proper diet nutrition and a full cycle of work / rest / sleep, taking general tonic and immunomodulating agents, as well as the use of external protective ointments applied to the inner surface of the nasal passages (oxolinic ointment) during epidemics, timely treatment of nasopharyngeal pathologies (adenoids, septal curvature, etc.) .

Useful video

Runny nose and medicines for the common cold - Dr. Komarovsky's School

Komarovsky about children's runny nose

The protracted course of the inflammatory process of the mucosa manifests itself in the child as a constant. To normalize the quality of life and relieve symptoms, it is important to differentiate the etiology of rhinitis in a timely manner, to correctly select the treatment with pharmaceuticals.

The article provides an overview of the aggressive factors that provoke this clinical condition, and recommendations for parents on what to do if the baby constantly has snot.

Snot is rarely an independent disease. Most often, their development is preceded by an allergic reaction, infection upper respiratory tract. The nasal mucosa performs a barrier function, preventing the penetration of foreign agents into the nasal cavity.

Direct exposure to aggressive factors destabilizes the work of the protective mechanism, reduces the activity of the mucociliary apparatus, provokes inflammation and swelling of soft tissues, and abundant production of secretory discharge.

Constant snot gives the child discomfort, prevents full nasal breathing

If you do not limit contact with the irritant, the runny nose becomes protracted.

Possible causes of a very frequent runny nose in a child:

allergies. When exposed to antigens, the body reacts increased production biogenic amine, serotonin and bradykinin, which contribute to mucus hypersecretion. Sensitize mucociliary clearance of plant spores, dust, pet hair, objects household chemicals, food products. With an allergic reaction, the clinical picture is supplemented by lacrimation, coughing, itching and burning inside the nose, redness of the skin.
Bacterial and viral ENT diseases. Activations infectious agents preceded by hypothermia, a state of immunosuppression. Upon contact with microorganisms, the mucosa produces a nasal secret that contains an antimicrobial substance.
Vasomotor disorders. The neuroreflex mechanism occurs with sudden thermal changes, inhalation of cold or hot air, against the background of emotional shock, excessive physical exertion. Tone vascular wall violate diseases of the endocrine, cardiovascular, nervous system.
Unfavorable climatic conditions, toxic effect industrial emissions, chemical compounds. In such an environment, the mucosa is subjected to systematic irritation, which increases the likelihood of developing a chronic rhinitis.
immunodeficiency state. Weakened defense mechanism unable to resist the attack of pathogens. They reach the inner shell, then radiate to healthy organs and systems. The result is frequent and protracted colds, which are accompanied by a constant flow of snot from the nose, the migration of pathology from the catarrhal stage to the chronic one.
Changes in the bone and cartilage structure of the nose. Violate the natural sanitation of the nasal cavity, which predisposes to growth and reproduction pathogenic microflora congenital anomalies, narrow nasal passages, deviated septum.
benign growths(, white seals, papillomas,). At active phase growth neoplasms increase in size, completely blocking the channels of communication of the nasal cavity with the outside world. The accumulation of sputum in the projection of the nose is favorable environment for the vital activity of infectious agents, thereby maintaining inflammation in the nasopharynx.
Unsystematic use of vasoconstrictor drops. Alpha-adrenergic blockers in the composition of sympathomimetics have pernicious influence on the activity of the ciliated epithelium, which leads to a violation of the outflow of muconasal secretion, drug-induced rhinitis.

Important! Liquid transparent snot in a newborn up to 3 months does not require treatment. In medicine given state marked . In this way, the mucous membrane adapts to new environmental conditions.

With a prolonged runny nose, a child has a risk of developing complications in violation of the dynamic growth process, the biological maturation of the baby, changes in the structure of the facial skeleton, inflammation of the larynx, bronchi, and lungs.

It is important to seek medical attention as soon as possible pathological symptoms, carry out treatment with a full course until the disappearance of clinical manifestations.

How to treat a constant runny nose in a child

Success therapeutic measures depends on how competently and accurately the causes of prolonged snot in the baby are determined. To form a diagnosis, the otolaryngologist performs instrumental (rhinoscopy, radiography) and laboratory research(biochemistry and general analysis blood test, allergy test, nasal swab).

To stabilize the baby it is necessary to create favorable conditions:

control humidity(50-60%) and temperature regime in the room(during the day t varies from 20 to 22⁰С, for night sleep it drops to 18⁰С). To maintain the microclimate, use a humidifier, air conditioner or ventilate the room, hang wet towels at the head of the bed (during the heating season on batteries);
regular wet cleaning. These measures reduce the concentration of irritating agents and dust in the room, facilitate breathing, improve children's sleep;
provide plentiful drink (natural juices, fruit drinks, compotes, tea, alkaline water without gas). The liquid washes away toxic waste products of pathogenic strains, normalizes water-salt balance in every cell;
increase the height of the head of the bed with an extra pillow. This posture improves sputum discharge, facilitates nasal breathing;
balance nutrition. Prepare easily digestible food for the child, refuse spices, pickles, smoked meats and marinades. Limit the use of confectionery and bakery products. To saturate the body with vitamins and trace elements, focus on fresh fruits, vegetables, dairy products, lean meats and fish;
visit more often fresh air if the child's condition allows. For physiological sanitation of the cavity, the baby must be outside for at least 60-90 minutes.

Advice! When a baby is sick, it is very important to continue breastfeeding. With mother's milk, he receives protective elements, the body's resistance to aggressive factors is formed.

During the period of exacerbation of viral diseases, avoid crowded places, vaccinate in a timely manner, at the first suspicion of respiratory diseases take antiviral drugs.

Causes of a prolonged runny nose in children

Medical assistance

It is difficult to stop the causes of protracted rhinitis without pharmaceuticals. How to treat and what to do if a child has a constant runny nose is determined by the attending physician.

Having differentiated the etiology of the lesion of the upper respiratory tract, the otolaryngologist selects drugs taking into account the physiological characteristics of the patient (weight, height, history, general condition).

A possible list of pharmacotherapy is formed by the following groups:

Solutions based on isotonic sea water: "", "Humer", "No-Sol". They enrich the mucosa with useful trace elements, prevent drying out and crusting, increase the aeration of the sinuses, and accelerate the regeneration of soft tissues.
Vasoconstrictor:"", "", "Nazol Baby". Temporarily relieve nasal breathing, stop the symptoms of rhinorrhea, eliminate inflammation, reduce spasm in smooth muscle. The therapeutic course is limited 3-5 days, in severe cases it is possible to use up to 10 days.
Antihistamines:"Loratadin", "Allergodil", "Fenistil", "Zodak". They block the development of allergic reactions, reduce the production of biogenic amine, reduce swelling of the mucosa, and have an antipruritic effect.
Antibacterial:"", "", "", "Flemoxin". Nasal sprays exhibit a local effect, are intended for the sanitation of the nasal cavity, and are active against gram-positive and gram-negative strains. use from 5 to 10 days.
Homeopathic: Arsenicum, Allium Cepa, Aconitum, Oscillococcinum. Effective in combination with the main therapy. natural composition has few contraindications. They have an anti-inflammatory effect, increase the level of interferon in the blood, trigger protective and immune processes inside the body.
Glucocorticosteroids:"", "", "Flixonase". Steroid components improve the quality of nasal breathing, stop the inflammatory process, and reduce soft tissue swelling.

Advice! Reduce intensity pain helps to normalize body temperature antipyretic syrup"Nurofen".

Persistent runny nose Good amenable to physiotherapy. To eliminate the symptoms of rhinorrhea, the doctor prescribes a course from 5 to 12 sessions UHF procedures, ultraviolet irradiation, massage of reflexogenic areas.

For staging accurate diagnosis you will need the medical participation of an otolaryngologist, if necessary, an allergist and an immunologist

With mucosal atrophy, the problem is solved by cryotherapy, laser coagulation, and endoscopic intervention. Adenoids and polyps are often removed surgically.

Conclusion

Protracted runny nose indicates pathological changes upper respiratory tract. Inflammation requires medical involvement to determine the destabilizing factor, make a diagnosis, and choose a treatment method.

Chronic runny nose is a long-term inflammation of the nasal mucosa. As a rule, the chronic form of the disease occurs as a result of a long course of acute inflammation that has responded to improper treatment or health care was not provided at all.

Why does a child and an adult constantly have snot in their nose: causes of a chronic runny nose

The nasal mucosa begins to become inflamed under the influence of various agents - microbes, viruses and environmental factors. The causes of chronic rhinitis can be quite diverse. According to experts, a constant runny nose is one of the important factors that provoke chronic inflammation.

In this case, a chronic inflammatory process can be caused by a viral or bacterial infection.

Among other causes of a constant runny nose, experts call the following factors:

Disturbed anatomical proportions in the nose. These disorders include the curvature of the nasal septum, which often leads to unilateral hypertrophy of the nasal concha. Lead to chronic rhinitis may birth defects and acquired defects.
Prolonged action on the mucous membrane annoying factors. They can be dust, gases, chemical substances. Contact with mineral and metal dust can cause injury to the nasal mucosa. Chalk and flour dust cause the death of the cilia of the ciliated epithelium, as a result of which mucus stagnates in the nose. Moreover, the accumulation of dust in the nasal cavity can not only cause constant snot, but also the formation of nasal stones, which are known as rhinoliths.
Physical environmental factors, namely dry or cold air, disrupt the normal functioning of the nasopharynx.
Violation of blood circulation in the nasal mucosa against the background systemic diseases. Impaired blood circulation can be caused hypertension, kidney disease, dysmenorrhea, constipation, alcoholism, pathological processes in the endocrine and nervous system.
Prolonged or incorrect use of certain medications. The reason for the development of vasomotor rhinitis, in which snot is constantly flowing, is often the excessive use of vasoconstrictor drops.

An allergic reaction is another common reason why snot constantly flows in a child or adult. can be seasonal or year-round, giving a person discomfort.

Inflammation of the adenoids or the formation of polyps in the nose can also provoke excessive secretion of mucus from the nasopharynx. Sometimes only a surgical operation can return a person to normal life.

The reason why snot is constantly flowing should be established by an otolaryngologist. Based on the diagnosis, the specialist prescribes treatment.

Varieties of chronic rhinitis and their symptoms

The main symptoms of chronic rhinitis are persistent discharge from the nose and its congestion. However, when different types disease, its symptoms may have some differences. In otolaryngology, several types of chronic rhinitis are known.

The following classification of the inflammatory process in the nasal cavity is considered traditional - catarrhal, hypertrophic, atrophic and vasomotor chronic rhinitis:

- a type of nose disease that occurs against the background of a neglected acute rhinitis. Chronic catarrhal rhinitis develops due to deep penetration into the mucous membrane of microbial agents. Due to prolonged action microbes in the mucous membrane, there are solid destructive changes that significantly reduce local immunity. Most often, patients visit a specialist's office with complaints of regular mucous discharge from the nose, mostly of a thick consistency. Constant runny nose and nasal congestion are the main signs of chronic catarrhal rhinitis in both children and adults. Usually there is alternate congestion of the nasal passages, and the patient may periodically be disturbed by a headache.
manifests itself in the form of constant and pronounced obstructed nasal breathing. This form of the inflammatory process develops as a result of thickening and growth of the mucous membrane in the lower part of the nasopharynx. There are such symptoms of chronic hypertrophic rhinitis as impaired sense of smell, secretion of mucopurulent secretion from the nasal cavity, headaches, nasality, and decreased attention. With a long course of hypertrophic rhinitis, which has already acquired chronic form, there is a loss of smell, and soon also of taste, since atrophy of the olfactory endings occurs.
, as a rule, develops with prolonged contact with dust and harmful gases in a production environment. This disease can also occur due to long-term use vasoconstrictor drops or the presence of a focus of chronic inflammation in the body. The disease manifests itself as a loss of smell and constant dryness in the nose. These symptoms of chronic rhinitis give the patient severe discomfort due to itching in the nose. There is almost no mucous secretion, a little viscous secretion is released, which soon dries up and turns into dry crusts. Against the background of atrophic rhinitis, an infectious inflammatory process in the nose often develops, which significantly aggravates the course of the disease.
is the result of a dysfunction of the nervous regulatory devices that are responsible for the normal functioning of the nasopharynx. A change in the state of the vessels of the mucous membrane usually causes a constant runny nose in adults, less often in children.

Constantly snot in the nose can also be with allergic chronic rhinitis. Many experts share the opinion that allergies, as hypersensitivity mucous membrane to certain irritants, occurs only after chronic inflammation. The main signs of such a disease are abundant mucous discharge from the nose of a liquid consistency, frequent sneezing, nasal congestion. Often, allergic rhinitis occurs with conjunctivitis, which also arose against the background of allergies.

When mucus drains down the back of the throat, which usually occurs with an allergic and catarrhal variety of the inflammatory process, the patient may develop a cough. In addition, a constant runny nose in a child more often than in adults leads to the development of such diseases. respiratory system like bronchitis and pneumonia. This is caused by a weaker immunity of the child, as well as the inability to blow his nose and cough normally. Pathogenic mucus runs down from the nose Airways causing inflammation there. The mucus that descends from the nasopharynx into the throat causes irritation, causing pain. Constant runny nose and snot in adults and even in a child often cause night snoring.

A special place in otolaryngology is occupied by such a variety chronic disease nasopharynx, like a fetid runny nose, or. This disease is an inflammatory process with a sharp atrophy of the mucous membrane of the nasopharynx. For ozena characteristic symptom is a large number thick mucus, which is formed in crusts with fetid odor. With a long course of the disease, thinning becomes inevitable. bone tissue shells and walls of the nose. The patient is concerned not only copious discharge, but also dryness of the mucous membrane, nasal congestion, a sharp decline or complete absence smell. The patients themselves feel putrid smell from the nasal cavity, sometimes others hear it.

Diagnosis of chronic rhinitis in an adult or a child

If a child constantly has snot and this has been observed for a long time, a specialist must definitely examine him. With a chronic runny nose, adults should not be delayed, as it can cause many dangerous complications. In the process of diagnosis, it is important for a specialist to identify not only the reason why snot constantly flows from the nose, but also to determine the type of disease. Effectiveness depends on accurate diagnosis. further treatment diseases.

As a rule, diagnostics includes such actions of a specialist and methods for examining the nasal cavity:

Analysis of patient complaints and study of medical history. At this stage, it is important for the otolaryngologist to know what kind of nasal congestion is observed in the patient - permanent or periodic, how long she has been bothering him. It is also important to know the nature of nasal discharge, whether there are crusts, dryness in the nose and other signs of rhinitis.
General examination of the patient. Some external signs can help diagnose a specialist: with allergic rhinitis, the patient's eyes usually turn red and watery, with vasomotor rhinitis, fingers, the tip of the nose become cold and blue, there is increased sweating and a decrease in body temperature.
Nose examination. At this stage of the examination of the patient, in order to make a diagnosis, rhinoscopy and endoscopic examination of the nasal cavity are performed using special instruments. Highly qualified and experienced otolaryngologists can in many cases determine the type of chronic rhinitis by the condition of the nasal mucosa.

With hypertrophic rhinitis, an increase in the size of the turbinates is noted, the mucous membrane becomes red or bluish in color, which does not disappear even after the use of vasoconstrictors. On examination, a specialist may notice a narrowing of the nasal passages.

In atrophic rhinitis, the mucous membrane becomes pale color, she looks dry, thinned. The nasal passages, as a rule, are significantly dilated, dry crusts can be found on the mucous membrane.

During examination of the nasal cavity of a patient suffering from allergic or vasomotor rhinitis, the nasal turbinates are usually edematous, may be pale or cyanotic, sometimes with red spots. After the use of vasoconstrictors, swelling decreases. Mucus may be found in the nasal passages in allergic rhinitis.

If a chronic runny nose in an adult or a child is caused by anatomical disorders of a congenital or acquired nature, they will be detected during the examination.

In the process of diagnosing, the specialist determines the reactivity of the patient's nasal mucosa to the action of vasoconstrictor drugs.

With chronic fetid runny nose an otolaryngologist during an examination of the patient's nasal cavity discovers many dry crusts that line the entire surface of the mucous membrane with a thick layer. These crusts are usually dark green in color, sometimes with an admixture of blood.

Among the methods of hardware diagnostics for suspected one of the varieties of chronic rhinitis, such studies are carried out as:

endoscopic examination to exclude the growth of adenoid tissue and inflammation of the adenoids;
radiography and CT scan to exclude the development of chronic sinusitis in the paranasal sinuses;
rhinomanometry - the method consists in assessing the resistance air flow in the nose before and after the use of vasoconstrictors, it can also be used to determine the effectiveness of the treatment of persistent nasal congestion without a runny nose.

If a specialist suspects the occurrence of allergic rhinitis in the patient's body, allergy tests may be prescribed. If the allergy test is negative, a swab is taken for eosinophils. If these substances are present in the body, the otolaryngologist makes a diagnosis of non-allergic rhinitis with eosinophilic syndrome. This means that the patient has confirmed allergic rhinitis without certain allergens.

The diagnosis of "vasomotor rhinitis" is extremely rare, because it is very difficult to determine it. They put it in the case when it was not possible to confirm any of the possible varieties of chronic rhinitis.

How to get rid of a constant runny nose: remedies for chronic rhinitis

The causes of chronic rhinitis and its treatment are closely related, because the wrong prescription of medications will not only not eliminate the symptoms, but will also cause many complications. That is why the treatment of chronic rhinitis can be prescribed only after determining its type.

If the patient suffers from allergic rhinitis, before treating a persistent runny nose and nasal congestion in an adult and a child, it is important to exclude contact with the allergen. Unfortunately, this is not always possible, especially if the patient has an allergy to flowering plants. Antihistamines of the general and local action. – good remedy from chronic rhinitis, it is prescribed not only for the allergic origin of the disease, but also for catarrhal rhinitis.

Sometimes it is possible to get rid of a constant runny nose in an adult with the help of specific immunotherapy. This method is based on the adaptation of the body to a gradually increasing concentration of allergens. With this approach to the treatment of allergic rhinitis, allergy tests are taken first, the procedure becomes impossible without determining the allergen.

How to get rid of chronic rhinitis if it has an atrophic version of this disease? It becomes mandatory to prescribe moisturizing sprays and drops, as well as drugs that improve the nutrition of the nasal mucosa. With atrophic rhinitis, vitamins A, D and iron preparations are effective.

What to do with constant nasal congestion without a runny nose: treatment of snot in a child and an adult

Often, patients turn to an otolaryngologist with complaints that they are worried about constant nasal congestion without a runny nose, which is most often a sign of allergic rhinitis. Vasoconstrictors will help eliminate this symptom, however, it is not recommended to prescribe such drugs on your own. Overdose and excess of the course of treatment can cause addiction and the so-called "drug rhinitis". Among vasoconstrictors for children and adults, drugs such as, have proven themselves well.

It is important to know what to do if snot constantly bothers a person with vasomotor rhinitis. Experts recommend that their patients avoid provoking factors, regular physical exercise, cold and hot shower, medicated nasal sprays designed to treat this type of runny nose.

There is a simple advice on what to do with a constant runny nose, regardless of its origin. This is nasal lavage with isotonic saline solution. In some cases, reflexology and acupuncture become effective, such methods are used by doctors who are supporters of alternative medicine.

How to quickly cure a chronic runny nose at home?

How to cure a chronic runny nose with anomalies in the structure of the nasopharynx? The only treatment for rhinitis caused by congenital or acquired anomalies in the structure of the nasopharynx is surgical intervention. This operation is known as septoplasty.

Treatment of a persistent runny nose with simultaneous nasal congestion and mucous secretions may be the use of hormonal sprays. Such drugs are quite effective and at the same time safe, they are practically not absorbed into the blood and do not affect the hormonal background of the body. Many of these drugs are approved for use in children from 2 years of age.

With long-term preservation of complaints and the ineffectiveness of conservative treatment, the only method to get rid of a constant runny nose is a surgical operation. Contemporary surgery based on the principles of minimally invasiveness and maximum preservation of organs. During the operation, the turbinates are not removed completely or partially, but a gentle destruction is carried out choroid plexus mucous membrane, which led to nasal congestion.

In some cases, surgical treatment of atrophic rhinitis is also indicated, but it is aimed at narrowing the nasal passages, and not expanding them.

How to treat chronic runny nose in children and adults?

Treatment of chronic rhinitis in a child should be as effective and safe as possible. At improper treatment the disease can lead to serious consequences, and when prescribing potent drugs, it is difficult to avoid side effects.

Regardless of the type of runny nose, if it is accompanied by abundant mucus, it is important to regularly free the nose from pathogenic contents. In order to alleviate the condition of the baby with nasal congestion, you can use vasoconstrictor drugs, such as Brizolin, Vibrocil, Nazivin Baby. You can use them for no more than 5 days, so that there is no addiction to the mucous membrane.

Parents should know what to do if the child constantly has snot, because they not only disrupt the baby's usual life, but can cause cough and sore throat. If the inflammatory process is bacterial in nature, a sign of which is yellow or green discharge, it is advisable to use such antibacterial drugs local action, like Isofra and. You can also put Bactroban 2% ointment into the nasal passages.

With a child's tendency to frequent rhinitis, otolaryngologists recommend using a local immunomodulator. It can also be used as a prophylactic when the first signs of viral rhinitis are detected.

Parents are interested in what to do if the child has a constant runny nose, but at the same time there is no desire to give the child powerful medical preparations. In such situations, experts may recommend the use of homeopathic remedies and herbal remedies based on natural ingredients and plant extracts. Well proven homeopathic preparations Ocarisalia and Euphorbium Compositum. It is advisable for children to drip their nose with slightly warmed drops; for this, the medicine bottle should be lowered into a container of warm water for several minutes.

Treatment of chronic rhinitis in a child and an adult at home

If you are looking for ways to quickly cure a chronic runny nose without harm to health, you can carry out therapy using traditional medicine.

Treatment of chronic rhinitis at home, many people carry out by using such means:

Internal use in a ratio of 1: 5. This medicine will strengthen the body's defenses, take the remedy 3 times a day, a teaspoon before meals. You can also drip your nose with this medicine.
Inhalations with the addition of honey to hot water will help relieve the inflammatory process of the nasal mucosa, speed up the process of cleansing the nasopharynx. In a container with hot water you need to put a spoonful of honey, breathe in healing vapors for 15-20 minutes.
Onion infusion. For bacterial rhinitis the best remedy will become a bow, because it has antimicrobial action. To prepare the medicine, you need to chop one medium-sized onion, pour 6 tablespoons of refined vegetable oil, leave in a cool, dark place for 10 hours. Drip into each nasal passage a few drops no more than 3 times a day. This onion infusion can be stored for a week.
Using beet and carrot juice drops is another way to cure chronic runny nose at home. It is necessary to grate red beets and carrots, squeeze out the juice, mix with the same amount of vegetable oil, adding a few drops of garlic juice.

How else to treat chronic runny nose in adults to prevent the development of complications? It is often possible to increase the body's defenses by massaging bioactive points. The procedure is carried out 3 times a day, while massaging the wings of the nose on the right and left sides for 1 minute. Usually to get rid of unpleasant symptoms rhinitis, 10–20 procedures are required.

Benefits of using folk remedies in that they can be used to treat the common cold in children, pregnant and lactating women. Having discovered the symptoms of rhinitis, you need to find out as soon as possible why you have a runny nose that lasts for a long time. Persistent nasal congestion causes oxygen starvation of the whole organism, against the background of which a headache, fatigue appear, and diseases of the heart, blood vessels and other organs may soon develop. Breathing through the mouth can cause chronic tonsillitis, appearance bad smell from the mouth, diseases of the bronchi and lungs.

I would not say that I have a chronic runny nose, but if I have a cold
begins, then without it, as well as, of course, without a sore throat. And
for some reason, my cold always went so hard and for so long (((
Almost two weeks earlier I could not recover, but not in the last
once, when I used Bioparox in the treatment, I also treated my throat with it
sick and runny nose. So he helped me not to get sick by killing germs and not
allowing them to enter the body.

All parents want their child to grow up healthy. And when children get sick often, it becomes a real problem that requires medical intervention. And in this regard, cases with a constant runny nose are very indicative. It seems that considerable forces are being applied to cure him, but the symptoms still do not go away. What is it connected with, how it manifests itself and what is required to eliminate rhinitis - many puzzle over these questions. But only by contacting a doctor, you can get competent answers.

The main problem with protracted course inflammation in the nose is to determine its origin. Indeed, with an incorrect establishment of the source of pathology, even the most modern treatment will be ineffective. The causes of a runny nose in children can be different. First, frequent rhinitis is the result of respiratory viral infections. Then we are talking about a decrease in the body's immune reactivity, and hence its ability to resist infections.

Secondly, the problem may be chronic. But not so much infectious agents as other adverse factors are already involved here:

Structural anomalies (deviation of the nasal septum, congenital defects, consequences of fractures, foreign bodies).
ENT diseases (adenoids and polyps, sinusitis, tonsillitis).
Irritant agents (cigarette smoke, dust, dry hot or cold air, chemicals).
Sensitization of the body to allergens.
Uncontrolled use of vasoconstrictor drops (decongestants).

Harmful aerosols and dust can initially cause acute and then chronic inflammation of the mucous membrane. They lead to a violation of the outflow of secretions from the nasal cavity due to the death of the ciliated epithelium. Ventilation disorders occur during volumetric processes that interfere with the passage of air (adenoids, polyps, foreign bodies), and long-term pathological processes in other parts of the respiratory tract, they only maintain a constant inflammation of the nasal mucosa.

Special mention should be made of allergic rhinitis. He has non-infectious origin, and edema and hypersecretion of mucus are caused by the production of histamine, serotonin, bradykinins. These substances increase vascular permeability and are responsible for other allergy symptoms. And the reason for such sensitization can be various antigens that surround the child in everyday life (food, animal hair, plant pollen, drugs, chemicals). Vasomotor disorders can have a neuroreflex mechanism, arising in response to the inhalation of cold air, with strong odors or stress. In turn, this is also accompanied by rather violent manifestations from the nasal mucosa.

If the child has a constant runny nose, then first of all it is necessary to determine the cause of the violations. There may be several states responsible for such a phenomenon.

Classification

So, it became clear that a runny nose in children can be both acute, but often recurring, and chronic. The latter has several varieties. In the modern classification of protracted rhinitis, there are such forms:

catarrhal.
Hypertrophic.
atrophic.
Allergic.
Vasomotor.

The first is characterized by superficial inflammation of the mucous membrane. During the hypertrophic process, its compaction occurs. Atrophic rhinitis, on the contrary, is accompanied by thinning of the mucosa and the formation of crusts. Allergic rhinitis, in turn, is seasonal and year-round. It can be included in the structure of atopy (along with dermatitis and bronchial asthma). A vasomotor runny nose is not associated with inflammation or allergic reactions.

Symptoms

To understand why a child has a constant runny nose, you should first deal with his clinical picture. First, the doctor interviews the patient himself and his parents for complaints, and then conducts a general and ENT examination to identify objective signs. As a rule, with a prolonged runny nose, there are the following manifestations:

Nasal congestion.
Allocations (mucous, mucopurulent).
Violation of nasal breathing.
Decreased sense of smell.
The nasality of the voice.
Difficulties in breastfeeding.
Headache.
Decreased attention and memory.
Bad dream.

The last symptoms from the above list are associated with hypoxia due to ventilation disorders. Therefore, children have to breathe through their mouths, which creates a characteristic appearance. If a child has frequent colds, other symptoms may appear, such as cough, sore throat, and fever. Other symptoms of allergic rhinitis include:

Uncontrollable sneezing.
Watery discharge.
Itching in the nose.
Lachrymation.
Conjunctivitis.

With atrophy of the mucous membrane, children are worried about dryness in the nose and burning. When attempting to remove the crusts, slight bleeding and sores may occur. The hypertrophic process is sometimes accompanied by narrowing eustachian tubes which causes a feeling of pressure in the ears. On examination, the mucous membrane may look different: reddened and edematous, with a cyanotic tint, "marble", hypertrophied or thinned with a viscous secretion and crusts. It all depends on the character lingering runny nose.

The clinical picture with a prolonged runny nose in children has many common features. But a more detailed examination allows us to establish the cause.

Additional diagnostics

Turning to a doctor, you can be sure of a quality and timely examination to establish a diagnosis. To understand why it appears frequent runny nose in a child, a laboratory and instrumental examination should be carried out:

General blood analysis.
Blood biochemistry: immunogram, antibodies to infections.
Nasal swab (microscopy, culture).
Allergy tests with various antigens.
Rhinoscopy.
Radiography.

Probably, an allergist or an immunologist will have to be involved in the formation of the final conclusion. We must not allow gaps in the diagnosis to remain, because the success of therapeutic measures can directly depend on this.

Treatment

Having learned about the causes of the pathology, one should move on to ways to treat a persistent runny nose. This requires a differentiated approach, taking into account the nature of the pathology and individual features organism. It should be understood that it is not the symptoms that are to be treated, but their immediate cause. It is impossible to allow the disease to gain a foothold and progress - it is important to eliminate it in time.

The success of treatment is largely determined by the creation of external favorable conditions. Parents with children need to remember that the room should be humid and cool air. In dry and hot weather, you can turn on the air conditioner and humidifier. If this is not the case, simply ventilate and spray water (clean, put wet towels, put filled open containers). This will moisturize the nasal mucosa and allow it to cope with inflammation more easily. A prerequisite treatment of allergic rhinitis will be the elimination of contact with putative antigens.

Food is recommended to be easily digestible, without spices, pickles, smoked meats and marinades. You need to drink more liquids (alkaline mineral water without gas, compotes, juices and fruit drinks). It is better to raise the head of the bed a little to facilitate breathing and secretion. It is necessary to constantly clear the nasal passages of mucus: if the baby cannot blow his nose, then use a suction (aspirator).

So that the child does not get sick so often, you can conduct hardening sessions, vaccinate during the SARS and flu season and avoid mass gatherings of people.

Medicines

It is quite difficult to cure a child with a frequent runny nose without medication. Based on the cause of the pathology, the doctor will prescribe certain drugs. The list of medicines recommended for use in children may include:

Salt solutions (Aquamaris, No-Sol).
Vasoconstrictor (Nazivin).
Antihistamines (Allergodil, Kromoheksal).
Antiseptics and antimicrobials (protargol, salicylic acid).
Glucocorticoids (Nasonex).
Oil solutions (Sinuforte, vitamins A and E, rosehip and sea buckthorn).
Immunomodulators (Nazoferon).

These drugs are used as local forms: spray and drops, ointments, inhalations. FROM vasoconstrictors you should be especially careful, because their irrational use can cause vasomotor rhinitis. Therefore, all drugs should be prescribed only by a doctor and used under his supervision.

Usage medicines local action is the basis for the treatment of protracted rhinitis in children.

Non-drug remedies

At chronic runny nose widely used physiotherapy: ultraviolet irradiation, UHF-therapy, massage of reflex zones (acupuncture), inhalations of mineral waters, Spa treatment. With hypertrophy of the turbinates, they are cauterized using electrical, laser or radio wave coagulation, cryotherapy. Adenoids and polyps are also removed. Foreign bodies are removed from the nasal cavity endoscopically.

A constant runny nose delivers a lot of trouble not only to children, but also to their parents. But in order to get rid of it, you must first find out the cause of the violations. And this is impossible without visiting a doctor. The specialist will conduct an appropriate diagnosis and make a diagnosis, on the basis of which he will tell you what to do in the future. By following the doctor's recommendations, you can be sure of the effective elimination of a protracted runny nose and the normalization of the quality of life.

A constant runny nose is not just a problem that worries the child and gives him a lot of inconvenience. This is a problem that needs to be dealt with, because in the end it can develop into chronic rhinitis.

It is generally accepted that a runny nose in children under one year old is just protective function organism, due to which the baby's nasopharynx gets rid of microbes, preventing them from getting further. This is actually true, but only in the case when congestion is not long-term and quickly passes without any consequences.

But, if the mucus that has accumulated in the nose of the baby is not treatable, or occurs constantly, then you should immediately consult with an otolaryngologist, identify the causes that result in nasal congestion, and also get a recommendation on the necessary medications.

Causes of a constant runny nose

Every parent tries to protect their child from all kinds of risks and diseases. Therefore, when snot appears in a baby, the question always arises: what caused their appearance? In fact, there are a lot of factors that affect nasal congestion. But basically, a runny nose appears from the ingress of viruses into the nasal mucosa.

The main causes of a constant runny nose in a child include:

overheating or hypothermia of the baby (you need to make sure that the baby's clothes match temperature regime indoors or outdoors)
reaction to chemical or mechanical substances (air pollution, dust, emissions, etc.);
allergic reaction to animals (cats, dogs, parrots, etc.);
detection of pathology of the paranasal sinuses;
infection in the body;
unsuitable climatic conditions for a child.

The causes of a runny nose in infants are completely diverse. Its duration may also depend on the time of year. For example, in autumn or winter, frequent snot can flow like independent disease. During this period, they are due to a sharp cooling. And since babies have too weak immunity, then they are more prone to hypothermia than other people, as a result of which a cold-ARVI or ARI develops. At the same time, do not forget that children with a stuffy nose eat and sleep very poorly.

Types of runny nose

There are two types of persistent runny nose:

Chronic - occurs almost always as a result of allergies. In order to cure it, or suspend it, you must first find the cause of the allergic reaction, and then act strictly according to the doctor's recommendations.
Acute - manifests itself either as an independent disease, or under the influence of various infections, bacteria and viruses. For example, diphtheria or influenza.

Why treat a runny nose?

There are many statements about the treatment of the common cold. Many believe that it will pass by itself: "if treated, then in seven days, if not treated, then in a week." And in fact, usually congestion in babies goes away quickly and without any special consequences, and if you still connect medications, then recovery generally occurs in two to three days. And here the question arises: “should such a disease be treated at all, if it is possible to cope with it without the help of drugs and drops?”

The first reason for treatment is to alleviate the condition of the baby. After all, we must not forget that this is not an adult, but, above all, a child who does not even know how to blow his nose and breathe through his mouth. Therefore, it is very difficult for a baby with a stuffy nose. He begins to have headaches, irritation of the nasal mucosa, itching, as a result of which he refuses to eat and cannot sleep at all. Therefore, young children in such a situation simply need help.

In addition, if the baby's snot is not treated, then they can give a number adverse effects. Of course, sinusitis cannot arise because of this, but the larynx, trachea and bronchi will completely fall under the influence of a dangerous virus. And that will only make it worse serious condition child. Therefore, any infection that occurs in a newborn requires immediate treatment, which will be prescribed by a pediatrician. self-medication in this case also not worth doing, it can harm the crumbs.

The main types of drugs

Vasoconstrictor drugs are designed to relieve swelling of the nasal mucosa. They also have a drying property, as a result of which the amount of mucus secreted is much reduced. They should be used with extreme caution, in no case increasing the dosage. After all, this can lead to various reactions that will contribute to a sharp deterioration in the condition of the baby. It is necessary to bury them two or three times a day and not more often. These drugs are addictive. Usually they are used before daytime and nighttime sleep.

The effect of these drops is immediate. Congestion immediately passes, but unfortunately not for long. Therefore, many mothers have a desire to drip the remedy again and again. But this cannot be done. The composition of the drops includes potent substances, therefore, in case of an overdose, they can cause convulsions, nausea, dizziness, etc.

The most famous drops from this species are "Nazol Baby" and "Nazivin for children".

Moisturizing preparations are used in order to soften the content of the mucous membrane, as well as to clean the child's nose from thick snot. Such drops are made on the basis of sea water. That is why they are safe for children. infancy. Due to their composition, as a result of their use, an overdose is absolutely excluded. Washing with moisturizing preparations is recommended every two hours, with severe runny nose as often as possible. When instilling, it is better to use a pipette, its tip should not be inserted deeper than half a centimeter into the child's nose.

Moisturizing drops include Aquamaris, Aqualor, Salin spray, etc. All of them can be used by children from the first days of life.

Antiviral drops are used when the runny nose is permanent. They remove bacteria from the nasopharynx that cause snot in the baby. Their dosage and period of use is completely determined by the attending doctor. More often they are prescribed to infants who have weakened immunity and who have a constant runny nose. In this case antiviral agents good treatment, eliminating nasal congestion.

The most widely used drops similar action- these are "Grippferon" and "Interferon".

Antiseptics have drying properties. They are usually used at a time when the snot has a thick structure and a yellowish tint. Protargol is well known as such drops. It was created on the basis of silver, besides, the drug has no potent substances, which means that it is safe for the child. Also appoint "Albucid". It's considered eye drops, but they can also eliminate nasal congestion.

How to cure a persistent runny nose

There are several procedures that help get rid of frequent nasal congestion in a child.

The nose should be washed with Aqualor or Aquamaris, remove accumulated mucus with cotton swab. This should be done carefully, without damaging the nasopharyngeal mucosa.
After washing the nose, you need to drip vasoconstrictor drops. You need to use only products that are specifically designed for children. Read the instructions for the dosage carefully and follow it strictly. Vasoconstrictor drugs should not be dripped for more than five days. They can be addictive.
Twenty minutes later, you should drip antibacterial or other medicinal drops. This should be done with the appointment of a doctor, which depends on the nature and duration of the common cold.
In the baby's crib, the place where his head lies should be raised. Thanks to this, the mucus from the nose will be released much faster, avoiding problems such as congestion and difficulty breathing.

Features of the treatment of rhinitis in a newborn

The immune system of a newly born baby is very weak and vulnerable. Therefore, as soon as the baby has a runny nose, many pediatricians recommend immediately starting the use of antiviral drugs. These can be Viferon candles, and Genferon-light candles, as well as Grippferon drops. They will help as quickly as possible to eliminate a problem such as nasal congestion.

Each newborn has one feature - the inability to breathe through the mouth, so it is very difficult for them to endure such a disease. Many children begin to refuse food, cannot sleep peacefully and soundly, and their general health deteriorates sharply. Therefore, such a problem as a runny nose in infants must be treated, despite the reasons for its appearance.

And we should not forget that persistent nasal congestion can lead to serious consequences: asthma, chronic rhinitis, etc.