How and how to treat conjunctivitis in dogs at home? Treatment of purulent conjunctivitis in dogs

Hello dear readers! Dog eyes are no less sensitive than human eyes - they are also vulnerable to various adverse factors (strong wind, microbes and bacteria, allergens, etc.).

As with humans, one of the most common eye diseases in dogs is inflammation of the conjunctiva.

The insidiousness of the disease is due to the fact that conjunctivitis in dogs is treated quite difficult and often becomes chronic. In addition, inflammation of the connective membrane of the eye can lead to serious consequences if treatment is not started on time. This is exactly what will be discussed in our article.

There are several types of conjunctivitis in dogs that can cause different symptoms:

1. In the catarrhal form of the pathology, the conjunctiva turns red, swells and may even bulge out from under the eyelid. You can observe serous discharge and increased lacrimation. Catarrhal conjunctivitis often begins suddenly and becomes chronic as it progresses.
2. The purulent form of the disease is characterized by thick discharge of a light yellow color, swelling of the eyes and redness of the mucous membrane. In this case, the animal is in a depressed state.
3. Follicular conjunctivitis, which in most cases occurs in a chronic form, is characterized by inflammation and enlargement of the follicles, which causes anxiety in the dog. If you do not treat at home, over time, pus may begin to stand out from the eyes.
4. In the allergic form of the disease, the occurrence of which can be triggered by the dog's contact with various allergens, there is swelling of the conjunctiva, increased tearing and an increase in follicles.

It should also be said about the general signs indicating the development of canine conjunctivitis:

• intense discharge of mucus and pus, due to which the dog cannot blink normally and open his eyes
• unnatural redness of the eyelids
• severe inflammation of the conjunctiva.

Due to the fact that the same symptoms can signal other ophthalmic ailments, it is important to pay attention to the following points:

1. With conjunctivitis, animals suffer from severe itching. In this case, the dog will try to scratch the eye or rub it against the furniture / carpet. This can lead to mechanical damage, as a result of which the eyeball is injured, so this behavior of the pet should never be ignored.
2. When the mucous membrane of the eye becomes inflamed, the dog begins to react too painfully to light sources, therefore, with conjunctivitis, animals often look for dark places where they can hide from bright light.

To understand how to treat conjunctivitis in dogs, you first need to understand what form of the disease you are dealing with. Based on this, an appropriate treatment plan is drawn up:

1. Treatment of catarrhal conjunctivitis is carried out with the help of ointments (tetracycline, sulfacyl sodium), which must be laid behind the eyelid twice a day. During therapy, solutions of kanamycin (2%) and chloramphenicol (0.30%) are also used. With this form of pathology, veterinarians prescribe special eye films that have a positive effect on the mucous membrane, gradually enveloping it.
2. Purulent. The treatment regimen for purulent conjunctivitis is based on washing the affected organs of vision with a solution of boric acid (3%), instilling drops containing an antibiotic (Ciprofloxacin, Ciprovet, Tobramycin), and using ointments (tetracycline, etazol). To enhance the therapeutic effect, the veterinarian may prescribe intramuscular antibacterial drugs.
3. To eliminate follicular conjunctivitis in dogs, Albucid and Dexamethasone eye drops (5 drops 2 times a day), as well as tetracycline and hydrocortisone ointments, are used.
4. Allergic conjunctivitis in animals involves, first of all, the exclusion of contact with any possible allergen. With this form of the disease, therapy is based on the use of Decta 2 eye drops and erythromycin ointment. In parallel, the dog is prescribed drugs for internal use (Claritin, Suprastin), which are designed to protect the animal's body from allergic effects.

Because canine conjunctivitis is often transmitted to humans, it is important to take precautions and practice good hygiene during treatment.

Common Medications for Canine Conjunctivitis

Speaking about how to treat this disease of the organs of vision, one should single out common drugs that are prescribed to dogs suffering from conjunctivitis. First of all, we are talking about eye drops that have a strong local effect.

These include:

1. Conjunctivitis. A complex drug that has analgesic, anti-inflammatory and bactericidal effects. You need to instill 2-4 drops in each eye, up to 4 times a day until the symptoms of the disease disappear.
2. Iris. A medicine specially formulated to treat conjunctivitis in pets. Drip 1-3 drops in each eye, 1-2 times a day.
3. Maksidin. This complex drug has anti-inflammatory and antiviral properties, therefore it is popular in the treatment of inflamed conjunctiva in dogs. The recommended dosage is 1-2 drops 2-3 times a day.
4. Tsiprovet. Pet should be instilled in the eyes for 7-14 days, 1-2 drops in each eye.

Is it possible to cure conjunctivitis in dogs with folk remedies?

When treatment is carried out at home, as an addition to drug therapy, it is recommended to use traditional medicine, which will speed up the healing process and enhance the therapeutic effect.

Chamomile solution and strong black tea are recognized as the best natural "weapons" in the fight against conjunctivitis. Moisten a piece of gauze in the medicinal solution and wipe the eyes of your beloved pet 2-3 times daily, gently removing accumulated secretions. To remove hard crusts, use a cotton pad with petroleum jelly.

For the treatment of inflamed organs of vision, you can also use such a drug: in 200 ml of saline, dilute 10 drops of eyebright, use this composition to wash or instill dog eyes.

How many days conjunctivitis is treated, read.

Video: Conjunctivitis in animals

Conjunctivitis in animals is a disease accompanied by inflammation of the ocular connective membrane. Conjunctivitis in animals is often characterized by a chronic form.

Treatment is difficult. An animal in the event of conjunctivitis may lose its vision, or acquire other serious consequences, troubles.

For more information about conjunctivitis in animals, see the video. Happy viewing!

conclusions

Primary conjunctivitis in dogs that is not the result of another disease can be treated on its own, but you must be aware of the responsibility that falls on your shoulders. You are required to regularly wash your pet's eyes, bury them with special drops and apply ointments.

Thanks to taking care of your beloved four-legged friend and following all medical recommendations, your dog will return to normal vision very soon and will feel like a cucumber. Until we meet again, friends!

Sincerely, Olga Morozova.

Conjunctivitis in dogs is an inflammatory disease of the mucous membrane of the visual system. Usually, the mucosa lines the eyeball itself, as well as the inner surface of the eyelid. Most often, this disease occurs as a result of weakened immune system of the pet, as well as in the presence of chronic diseases. Such a disease can have two forms - acute and chronic. Each of them is very dangerous, so it should be treated in a timely manner.

The reasons for the development of this pathology

Conjunctivitis in dogs is quite widespread disease. Most often, it occurs as a result of the active influence of harmful bacteria. Harmful microorganisms get on the conjunctiva itself and penetrate into a special eye sac. If the animal suffers from a weakened immune system, then in this case the development of conjunctivitis simply cannot be avoided.

However, besides this, there are many other reasons, which can become a prerequisite for the development of this pathology. Consider the most common of them:

According to veterinarians, conjunctivitis in dogs is most common in certain breeds. First of all, here it is necessary to include dobermans and great danes. If you are the owner of just such a breed of dog, carefully monitor the visual system of your pet.

Conjunctivitis in dogs: symptoms of this pathology

In fact, a disease such as conjunctivitis is very easy to diagnose. It is very important to pay attention to such symptoms:

You can also see others symptoms. Usually, a disease such as conjunctivitis in dogs is very painful, so the animal behaves passively, it loses its appetite, and it constantly touches its eyes with its paws. In addition, the pet has insomnia.

Conjunctivitis in dogs: the main types

According to the data specified in the international classification, canine conjunctivitis exists four types. Let's take a closer look at each of them.

Catarrhal type of conjunctivitis

Most often, this disease occurs as a result of the fact that the mucous membrane of the eye has been damaged. Sometimes this variety also occurs as a result of the presence in the body of various infections. Catarrhal conjunctivitis is very easy to recognize due to inflammation and swelling of the conjunctiva. From the eyes of the dog, you can notice a large amount of discharge, which can be purulent in nature.

Purulent type of disease

Such conjunctivitis in dogs begins to develop after bacteria and other pyogenic microorganisms enter the mucous membrane of the eye. Most often, such conjunctivitis occurs in an acute form, develops very rapidly and quickly makes itself felt. In the presence of a purulent form of this disease, the dog's eyelids begin to swell and become inflamed, the body temperature rises, and thick purulent discharge appears, which has a very unpleasant odor.

If the disease is extremely neglected, then clouding of the cornea can also be observed. This form of the disease is very dangerous for the animal. If treatment is not started on time, the dog may become completely blind. In this case, quite often resort to surgical intervention.

Allergic conjunctivitis in dogs

This form of this disease is most often found in animals that are prone to allergic reactions. Inflammation begins to develop if allergens get on the conjunctiva of the eye. In this case, the dog has the usual symptoms of conjunctivitis.

Follicular form of the disease

Such a disease occurs due to the ingress of dust, fluff or other small homogeneous particles onto the eye membrane. Such small bodies can affect the follicles of the eyelids. As a result, the eyes begin to redden, and a large amount of purulent discharge appears. In addition, lymph follicles begin to form on the inner surface of the eyelids in dogs.

How to treat this disease

Under no circumstances should you treat yourself. Be sure to contact your veterinarian. Only he can tell you how best to treat your dog. It is very important to correctly determine the diagnosis, and only after that it is possible to prescribe treatment.

First of all doctor find out exactly what causes influenced the development of such a dangerous disease. If these reasons are not established, then it is simply impossible to start treatment correctly. And so, the first thing doctors advise for treating pets at home is:

• regular rubbing of the eyes with a piece of bandage soaked in warm water or chamomile. You can also perform rubbing with strong brewed black tea;
• try not to let your pet go outside during treatment. Thus, you can protect it from dust, dirt and other foreign bodies and microorganisms getting into your eyes. Also take a clean corner for the animal in the house, which will be completely protected from drafts.

However, such measures will not always be able to completely rid your pet of conjunctivitis. If the disease has a mild form, then veterinarians recommend using tetracycline ointment. However, if the disease is more advanced, then most often you need to administer antibiotics intramuscularly for at least one week. In addition, medications that improve the animal's immunity, as well as antiviral medications, may also be required.

Also, do not forget about eye drops. However, they must also be used very carefully. They are not always allowed for pregnant dogs and puppies.

Conjunctivitis in dogs should only be treated by an experienced veterinarian. Therefore, it is he who, based on the diagnosis, will be able to prescribe drugs and dosage.

Preventive measures

Conjunctivitis in dogs is a very common disease, and it is not so easy to completely protect your pet from it. However, it is still quite possible to reduce the risk of developing inflammation.

To do this, you need to vaccinate in a timely manner, which will help maintain the dog's immunity for a long time in excellent condition. Vaccinations can protect against the development of many viral and infectious diseases.

Do not walk your dog in strong winds for a very long time, and also avoid places with drafts. Do not allow your pet to walk in the sand, near small and prickly branches, as well as in heavily polluted places.

Do not use household chemicals near the dog, and when carrying out repairs, keep the animal away from dust.

In fact, protecting your dog from conjunctivitis is not that difficult. It is much more difficult to treat this disease. Therefore, take care of your pet's health today and provide him with all the protection measures.

Every day, our beloved pets, including dogs, walk a lot of time in the fresh air, communicate with other animals and therefore have many risks of contracting various infections. One such disease is conjunctivitis. It affects the mucous membrane of the eye, which lines the inner surface of the eyelid and the eyeball. This disease is quite common in pets.

It is very important to help your pet in a timely manner and immediately seek qualified help from a veterinarian in a specialized clinic. Proper and competent treatment plays an important role, since in the severe stage of the disease this will lead to loss of vision. How to treat conjunctivitis in a dog and what can provoke the development of this disease?

Common signs of conjunctivitis

• Redness of the conjunctiva.
• The appearance of edema.
• Strong lacrimation.
• Photophobia.
• Discharge from the eyes (mucous, watery, purulent).
• Frequent blinking or complete closure of the eye.
• Poor appetite, deterioration in general well-being.
• Increase in body temperature.

Reasons for the development of the disease

Conjunctivitis begins to develop in dogs when pathogens (bacteria, viruses) enter the mucous membrane of the eye. If the animal's immunity is weakened, the body cannot cope with this problem on its own. This leads to the development of the inflammatory process.

In addition, the following factors can provoke this disease:

Dog breeds such as Dobermans, Pekingese, Bulldogs, Yorkshire Terriers, Pugs, Chihuahuas are at particular risk. This is due to the special structure of the eye in these animals. They have a slightly convex shape of the eyeball, which contributes to more frequent injury to the eye and the ingress of foreign bodies on the conjunctiva.

Types of conjunctivitis

Conjunctivitis in dogs: how to treat at home?

Until the moment when you can show the animal to the veterinarian, you can independently carry out the following procedures:

Medical treatment

In order to cure this pathology, it is urgent to contact a veterinarian. He will conduct a thorough examination of the eyes, take a culture of microflora from a diseased eye and prescribe the necessary treatment. Normally, the conjunctiva of the eyeball is pale pink in color, with a smooth surface and moderate moisture.

It is important to timely and accurately find out the reasons that could provoke the development of the disease. Conjunctivitis does not always manifest itself as an independent disease, sometimes such symptoms indicate metabolic disorders or the onset of infectious diseases. Treatment of conjunctivitis in dogs is based on the use of ointments and drops containing antibiotics or glucocorticoid substances. They have anti-inflammatory and bactericidal action. In an allergic form, the doctor prescribes antihistamines.

Consider the most popular eye drops for dogs:

Including for the treatment of conjunctivitis, antibiotic ointments are often used: tetracycline, penicillin, etazol, sulfacyl-sodium. A small strip of ointment is applied by pulling the lower eyelid, and then the eye is massaged so that the medicine is evenly distributed.

The remains of the ointment must be removed with a napkin. The procedure is carried out 1 time per day.

In complex treatment, when eye drops and ointments are used simultaneously, it is recommended to make an interval of 10 minutes before applying the ointment.

Thanks to modern medicine, a new method of treating ophthalmic diseases in dogs has appeared - these are special medicinal films. They are inserted into the conjunctival cavity with tweezers. Upon contact with the tear fluid, the films swell and dissolve on their own in the eyeball. Their advantage is a rapid penetration into the conjunctiva and a high therapeutic effect. They are much more convenient to use than ointments and drops, and they reduce the risk of injury during medical procedures.

During treatment, it is imperative to follow all the recommendations of the doctor, walk less on the street, create favorable conditions in the house for a speedy recovery and carry out daily medical procedures. In order to prevent the dog from scratching its eyes, it is recommended to wear a special collar for it.

Preventive actions

In order to reduce the risk of contracting conjunctivitis, you need to closely monitor your dog, examine your pet daily and pay attention to the condition of the eyes. It is advisable to exclude walks in the fresh air at very low air temperatures, avoid drafts. It is recommended to choose places for walking so that the dog does not walk in sand, dust, dirt, among thorny bushes. Keep your pet away from dogs that are already suffering from various eye diseases, as it is highly contagious.

At home, make sure that there is no contact of the animal with household chemicals, bulk products in the kitchen. An equally important role is played by proper and balanced nutrition, which should include all the necessary vitamins and minerals. All this helps to increase the overall immunity of your animal.

If timely treatment is not started, the disease can become chronic and serious complications can occur. Do not risk the health of your beloved pet and clearly follow all the recommendations of the veterinarian.

Attention, only TODAY!

Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the eye is the most common disease in dogs. Conjunctivitis comes in several forms: catarrhal and purulent, infectious and allergic, follicular and others. There are general principles for treating conjunctivitis that a dog owner can easily follow at home. But surgery may also be required (for the follicular form) or the use of special agents (infectious conjunctivitis), so you should take the animal to the veterinarian if the treatment is not effective.

What should a dog owner do?

If something gets into the eye, there is lacrimation, if the dog whines, rubs his eye with his paw and in every possible way shows that it hurts, then there is damage to it. First of all, you need to examine the eye and, if possible, determine the cause that caused the pain.

In order to examine the eyeball, first of all, a bright light is needed. Pull your eyelids up and down with your finger. Due to the elasticity and mobility of the skin on the face, the lower eyelid drops easily, exposing the conjunctival sac and most of the cornea behind it. To examine the eye under the upper eyelid, you need to twist it (or dislocate it).

Mild, irritating forms of conjunctivitis can be treated at home. The eye is cleaned with a solution of 2% boric acid, specially used in ophthalmology. Clear improvement should occur within 24 hours. Otherwise, see a doctor. The cause of the disease can be a foreign body and other serious damage to the eye.

If you are in doubt about the diagnosis or if treatment is carried out at home without obvious signs of improvement within 24 hours, you should call a veterinarian. Please note that prolonged administration of antibiotics to the eye can lead to fungal diseases!

Etiology - causes of redness and inflammation of the conjunctiva

Conjunctivitis in dogs is caused by a wide variety of causes, but most are not contagious. Therefore, you should not be afraid of infecting family members or other animals. More details about the specific forms of inflammation of the eye are given below, which can lead to:

Owners should be wary of symptomatic conjunctivitis, that is, when it is not an independent disease. Lachrymation and redness can accompany the most common diseases of any body system. And the treatment of the inflamed conjunctiva will not lead to a positive result until the problem is eliminated.

Diagnosis of the disease

Conjunctivitis is usually accompanied by discharge from the eye. If the discharge is abundant and transparent, then this is severe conjunctivitis, which can be caused by foreign bodies, improperly growing eyelashes, physical irritants (such as wind) and various allergens. Allergic conjunctivitis is accompanied by itching, the dog rubs his eyes.

Revealed changes:

• the presence and nature of exudate (serous, fibrinous, purulent, hemorrhagic, mixed);
• mucous threads;
• fibrin threads;
• bacteria;
• mycelium;
• dirofilaria;
• demodex (in a smear, on the cilia of the eyelids);
• cellular detritus;
• pseudomembrane;
• the presence of inflammatory cells (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes, plasma cells, histiocytes);
• the presence of giant and syncytial multinucleated cells;
• the presence of dystrophic or necrotic epithelial cells (nucleus vacuolization, cytoplasm vacuolization, karyopyknosis, karyorrhexis, karyolysis, nuclear fragmentation);
• keratinization phenomena;
• the presence of pathological inclusions in the nucleus or in the cytoplasm (cocci, initial or elementary bodies, viral bodies);
• changes in the nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio;
• hyperactive goblet cells.

Discharge from one eye suggests local inflammation or a foreign body. If both eyes are sick, then the dog has a general infection.

A pus-like discharge, thick, viscous, often in the form of crusts on the eyelids, indicates a bacterial cause of the disease (purulent conjunctivitis). It is necessary to inoculate cultures of bacteria and select for highly qualified treatment. If the disease continues for a long time, it becomes chronic. It is difficult to identify a deep-seated infection. In such cases, the lacrimal system is affected and the eye becomes dry (keratoconjunctivitis sicca).

General methods of treatment and prevention

For the treatment of conjunctivitis in dogs, usually based on lomefloxacin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin. They are characterized by a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity, including gram-positive, gram-negative bacteria. But due to constant use, resistance to drugs appears, so it is recommended to change the active substance or supplement it.

Frequent eye cleaning, use of antibiotics after detection of bacteria sensitivity to them is the best approach to this problem.

Acute catarrhal and purulent forms of conjunctivitis in dogs are easily amenable to local therapy, including washing the eyes, treatment with antiseptic and anti-inflammatory drugs. The use of eye drops and ointments is common. For eye wash use:

• furacilin solution 0.02%;
• potassium permanganate solution 0.05%;
• chamomile decoction;
• saline;
• pure water.

If the last two options only allow you to eliminate pollution, remove pus from the conjunctiva, then the use of antiseptics also has a medicinal effect. A common remedy for inflammation of the eyes in dogs is ciprovet. It should be instilled twice a day after pre-rinsing the eyes with a decoction of chamomile or another drug mentioned above.

Traditional methods of treatment in the initial stages of the disease often end in recovery, and in advanced cases are ineffective. Often chronic conjunctivitis occurs with relapses and after a while can be complicated by the development of keratitis with clouding of the cornea.

The chronic form of conjunctivitis is often not amenable to classical treatment. This is due to the emergence of resistance in pathogenic microorganisms, as well as the pathology affecting deeper structures and tissues of the eye. Therefore, new treatments are being developed. one of which is DENS – Dynamic electrical nerve stimulation:

• pre-moisturize the eyes - 1 drop of Maksidin;
• the procedure is carried out daily, once a day;
• remote electrodes are installed on the eyelids, previously moistened with maxidin;
• procedure time - 5 - 10 minutes;
• device power - the minimum frequency is 77 Hz;
• the average course of treatment is 10-14 procedures.

The use of non-drug therapy makes it possible to speed up the classical treatment - in combination with traditional therapeutic assistance, the method shows significantly better results than separately.

It is recommended to use oftalmoferon - eye drops based on interferon. The drug is intended for the treatment of viral eye diseases in dogs. It has anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative action and provides a pronounced antiviral effect. Oftalmoferon has a wide spectrum of antiviral activity, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, local anesthetic and regenerating effects.

Follicular conjunctivitis

The most common form of conjunctivitis in dogs is chronic inflammation of the conjunctiva, in which the lymph nodes are heavily infiltrated and proliferated. The inner surface of the nictitating membrane and the eyelids increase, become rough, which gives the eyes an inflamed appearance. Discharge from the eye is mucus-like. Occasionally, after elimination of the provoking factor, the follicles remain enlarged and the rough surface of the conjunctiva acts as an irritant to the eye. This rough surface is removed by cauterization with copper sulfate crystals. Tissue shedding occurs. A clean wound surface regenerates.

Etiology of the disease

The causes of follicular conjunctivitis may be prolonged external influences. The disease usually affects both eyes. The disease lasts for months, years, with periodic seasonal exacerbation.

Conjunctival hyperemia with the formation of characteristic multiple follicles (follicular conjunctivitis) is considered an immune-mediated disease or the result of persistent irritation. In some dogs, this disease is accompanied by, such as entropion (ectropion). Follicular conjunctivitis is a non-specific inflammation of the conjunctiva that is commonly seen in young, large, and active dogs. Follicles are usually present on the bulbar (eye) surface of the third eyelid, but may also be found on other parts of the conjunctiva.

On examination, conjunctivitis is observed, with mild signs of blepharitis, the third eyelid is edematous, hyperemic, covers part of the eyeball. In most cases, dogs develop serous whitish discharge in the inner canthus in the morning. In advanced cases, conjunctivitis is complicated by inversion of the eyelids, fibroma of the third eyelid, keratitis, corneal ulcer.

The conjunctiva becomes hyperemic with the formation of characteristic multiple follicles, these follicles are especially visible on the ocular surface of the third eyelid. Follicular conjunctivitis is considered to be an immune-mediated disease or the result of persistent irritation. In some dogs, this condition is accompanied by eyelid abnormalities such as the actropion.

Treatment and prevention

The main method of treatment is surgical intervention but the removal of follicles on the inside of the third eyelid (curettage) in order to prevent irritation of the cornea. After surgery, anti-inflammatory eye drops and ointments are used.

Treatment consists of correcting eyelid abnormalities, if present, and topical corticosteroids until symptoms resolve. Follicle scarification should not be performed, as this can lead to increased inflammation and damage to the conjunctiva. Follicular conjunctivitis is prone to recurrence, especially in young dogs.

Infectious forms of inflammation of the conjunctiva

Conjunctivitis is an inflammation of the conjunctiva that occurs in response to injury. The damaged conjunctiva may react with the development of hyperemia (redness), edema (chemosis), secretions, and the formation of follicles. In dogs, conjunctivitis (inflammation of the conjunctiva) is rarely the primary disease, and is almost always the result of other eye or systemic diseases. When examining a dog with an inflamed conjunctiva, the clinician should always find out the underlying cause or causes of conjunctivitis and treat them specifically, avoiding non-specific treatments.

Causes and types of eye infections

Many owners with multiple dogs, as well as other pets, wonder if conjunctivitis is contagious in a dog. Also, sometimes they themselves are afraid to pick up inflammation of the eyes. But while canine conjunctivitis is safe for humans, it can be a threat to another dog.

Infections that cause inflammation of the conjunctiva:

• Lyme disease / tick-borne borreliosis (Borrelia burgdorferi);
• plague of dogs;
• canine oral papillomavirus;
• Leishmaniasis (Leishmania donovani, Leishmania infantum);
• Trypanosomiasis (Trypanosoma brucei, Trypanosoma vivax);
• Herpes virus infection in newborn puppies;
• Infectious hepatitis virus type 1 (CAV-1);
• Monocytic ehrlichiosis (Ehrlichia canis);
• Rickettsia - Rocky Mountain spotted fever (Rickettsia rickettsii).

A bacterial infection cannot be the primary cause of conjunctivitis in dogs. Bacterial conjunctivitis develops when a predisposing disorder alters normal bacterial homeostasis, which stimulates bacterial proliferation. These disorders can be eyelid anomalies (ectropion, entropion, lagophthalmos, trichiasis, etc.), trauma, a foreign body, and possibly chronic eyelid skin pathology (blepharitis, pyoderma, seborrhea). Dry keratoconjunctivitis is another common cause of bacterial growth in the conjunctiva.

A thorough eye examination will rule out most predisposing causes of bacterial conjunctivitis. Cytological smears show neutrophils and bacteria. In chronic and recurrent cases, aerobic bacterial culture and antibiotic susceptibility testing are indicated, but resistant bacteria rarely cause conjunctivitis. In cases of chronic and recurrent conjunctivitis, there is always a predisposing and hidden cause of this disease.

Comparative diagnostics

Treatment for contagious conjunctivitis in dogs

Treatment for bacterial conjunctivitis in dogs is to rule out the underlying cause and apply topical broad-spectrum antibiotics. For viral and bacterial conjunctivitis, it is recommended to use ophthalmoferon:

• 1-3 days of treatment - instill into the conjunctival sac 5-6 times a day;
• subsequent days - 3-4 times a day;
• course of treatment - until complete recovery.

When establishing an infectious cause, specific therapy is used. So with leptospirosis, streptomycin and serum against leptospirosis are effective. With dog distemper, immunostimulating and antiviral drugs are prescribed.

Dry keratoconjunctivitis

The reasons:

• Drug-induced: Sulfa drugs such as sulfadiazine (eg, trimetoprine/sulfadiazine) and sulfasalazine can cause SBS.
• autoimmune: Autoimmune destruction of the lacrimal gland can occur in 75% of idiopathic SBS.
• Operational: SBS may develop clinically as a result of removal of a prolapsed third eyelid gland. It often develops months to years after the removal of the gland.
• Orbital and supraorbital trauma can lead to direct trauma to the lacrimal gland or damage to the nerve that innervates the lacrimal glands (i.e. damage to the facial nerve can lead to the development of SBS).
• canine distemper: canine distemper virus can infect the lacrimal and third eyelid glands and lead to acute SBS with temporary or permanent dysfunction.
• idiopathic: senile atrophy of the gland may be one of the idiopathic causes.

Clinical signs and diagnosis

Clinical signs may be more common during hot, dry seasons, when tear evaporation is greatest. Often, keratoconjunctivitis recurs periodically after treatment or spontaneous recovery (improvement of living conditions, elimination of the cause).

• Red eye syndrome: redness due to hyperemia of the conjunctiva.
• Blepharospasm: Accompanied by enophthalmos, this is often the first sign, due to pain and discomfort.
• Dry, dull cornea ± corneal ulcers.
• Vascularization and pigmentation of the cornea: In chronic cases, superficial and deep vascularization and pigmentation of the cornea may occur.
• Dryness of the nostrils on the affected side.
• Mucous and mucopurulent discharge: When the aqueous phase of the precorneal tear film (PSP) is absent or the fatty phase is disturbed, mucus accumulates and is not washed away by the lacrimal system.

The mucus is usually a viscous gray matter, but it may become mucopurulent if a secondary bacterial infection occurs. Animals with red eye and mucus or purulent discharge should be examined for SBS (Schirmer's tear test).

Qualitative disturbances of the tear film (impairment of the lipid or mucosal phases in the normal aqueous phase) can also cause the appearance of clinical signs of CBS. Schirmer's tear test is used for diagnosis:

• normal in dogs >15 mm tears/min
• STSH time< 15 мм/мин у собак указывает на СКК, если сопровождается клиническими признаками (слизистыми выделениями, гиперемией конъюнктивы или кератитом).

Methods of treatment of dry keratoconjunctivitis

If the reason is the use of drugs, the administration of the drug is stopped. The first line of defense is the topical administration of cyclosporine 2 times a day:

• animals with Schirmer test results< 2 мм/мин имеют шанс 50 % положительно отреагировать на циклоспорин;
• dogs with results > 2 mm/min have an 80% chance of responding to this therapy.

It is important to diagnose autoimmune SBS and begin early treatment before the lacrimal glands atrophy secondary to chronic inflammation. A small amount of normal tear-producing tissue must be present for ciclosporin to be effective. It may take 8 weeks or more for the cyclosporine to clear the inflammation and allow the lacrimal gland to function. Therefore, intensive local therapy with ointments containing antibiotics and the introduction of "artificial tears" preparations are necessary until tear production returns to normal.

Topical antibiotic therapy is needed to treat and/or prevent secondary bacterial conjunctivitis. Dogs with SBS often develop corneal ulcers that become easily infected. It is not possible to overwater the eye, so owners should be encouraged to administer the medication as often as possible (4-8 times per day). Surgical removal of a prolapsed third eyelid gland may predispose the animal to the development of SBS. Cyclosporine therapy must be continued for life or clinical relapses (as well as increased lacrimal gland destruction) will occur. Initially, cyclosporine is administered 2-3 times a day. After tear production returns to normal, the frequency of administration of the drug can be reduced to 1-2 times a day.

Artificial tears help replace the precorneal tear film Preservative-free artificial tears cause less eye irritation. Methylcellulose-based products are more viscous and have a longer lasting effect.

Lanolin-based ointments are often used. Salivary gland transplant – This treatment is used in dogs when ciclosporin treatment has failed and the owner cannot administer the drugs often enough.

Allergic inflammation of the eye

The following dog breeds are susceptible to allergic conjunctivitis:

• white pets (regardless of breed);
• Labrador;
• sharpei;
• retriever;
• spaniel;
• West Highland Terrier;
• French Bulldog.

Allergic conjunctivitis is usually associated with atopy and food allergy. In some cases, conjunctivitis may be the only manifestation of an allergic reaction. Allergic conjunctivitis can be seasonal. At the same time, conjunctival hyperemia and strong discharge from subconjunctival sacs are observed, which may also be accompanied by periocular hyperemia, alopecia or blepharitis.

Common causes:

• atopic dermatitis;
• medications
• insect bite; food allergy;
• exposure to acids and alkalis.

Some topical ophthalmic preparations can lead to hypersensitivity resulting in conjunctivitis. Sensitizing drugs are neomycin, trifluride, acetylcysteine, and almost all strong antibiotics. Dogs with hypersensitivity to ophthalmic medications usually develop conjunctivitis, which is subtle at first but becomes very painful over time. Cancellation of drugs leads to improvement within 12-24 hours.

Signs and Diagnosis

For the diagnosis of allergic conjunctivitis, a cytological examination of conjunctival scrapings is necessary. Samples are obtained by carefully scarifying the surface of the conjunctiva using a special cytobrush or scarifier after local anesthesia. The presence of eosinophils in cytological smears confirms allergic conjunctivitis. The presence of other symptoms of atopy, seasonality, and recurrence suggest allergic conjunctivitis.

In a chronic course, the skin of the eyelids thickens, becomes rough, of an intense red color, the discharge becomes purulent. Allergic conjunctivitis, as a rule, is also accompanied by signs of blepharitis (alopecia, edema, erythema, excoriation in the eyelids, and in chronic course - hyperpigmentation and lichenification), which is associated primarily with self-injury of the periocular region. Possible baldness around the eyes, multiple scratches on the eyelids. Unlike allergies that manifest on the skin, allergic conjunctivitis is not always accompanied by itching.

Methods of treatment and prevention

Treatment consists of removal of allergens (if possible), desensitisation, antihistamines, corticosteroids, or cyclosporine. The basic principles of allergy treatment are described in this article -. Local treatment of conjunctivitis (washing, drops, ointments) is not effective in this case of pathology, and is aimed at eliminating secondary pathologies (the development of bacterial inflammation of the mucous membrane of the eye is possible).

To eliminate inflammation of the conjunctiva, the source of hypersensitivity should be eliminated. To do this, they review the dog's diet, get rid of the surrounding allergens (pollen, smoke), stop treatment (if the disease is caused by medications). In the future, for prevention, it is necessary to carefully monitor the feeding of the animal and its maintenance so that contact with the allergic irritant is not repeated.

Dog eyes are just as sensitive as human eyes. They also react to various environmental factors: wind, mote or bacteria. The result of such an interaction can be: excessive tearing, redness, yellow-green discharge, pus, fear of light, itching in the eyes. The main causes of problems with the eyes of a dog can be: foreign objects (eyelash, dust, debris, insects, etc.), allergies, fatty foods, as well as diseases of the eye, eyelids caused by viruses, bacteria or various pathologies.

Some eye diseases may be specific to specific breeds of dogs and due to their physiological or genetic characteristics. For example, dwarf breeds, collies, spaniels, and Labradors are prone to cataracts and retinal detachment.

Spaniels, bulldogs, bassets, boxers, St. Bernards are prone to such a pathology as an inverted lower eyelid (see photo below). It causes endless conjunctivitis as a result of dust and dirt getting on the eyelid. There is also the possibility that the eyelids, on the contrary, are turned inward, which leads to permanent injury to the cornea of ​​​​the eye with eyelashes. Spaniels, Pekingese, hounds, chow-chows are also prone to such a defect. In some cases, with abnormal eyelid growth, conventional treatment can help, but sometimes even surgery may be necessary.

Symptoms of conjunctivitis

The most common disease is still conjunctivitis. Its main symptoms are as follows:

• Profuse eye discharge, possibly purulent, which limits the ability to blink or does not allow opening the eyes at all;
• Redness of the eyelids;
• Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the eye.

Other diseases also have similar symptoms, so to be sure that your pet has conjunctivitis, also pay attention to such points:

• Conjunctivitis often causes severe itching. While doing this, your dog may rub his eyes with his paws or rub against the edge of furniture or carpets. It should be remembered that such friction can lead to mechanical damage to the eyeball, so it should be avoided.
• Inflammation of the mucous membrane causes a fear of light, so your dog will avoid it and hide in dark corners.
• Excessive tearing is also an important symptom of conjunctivitis and should not be ignored. But just in case, check that excessive tearing is not the result of a foreign object getting into the eyes.

Basically, conjunctivitis is an inflammation of the lining of the eye, sometimes also the inside of the eyelids. The most common causes of conjunctivitis are:

• Trauma or foreign bodies;
• allergies;
• Bacterial, fungal or viral infections;
• Eye diseases, including problems with the lacrimal glands;
• Chemicals, including shampoos;
• Smoke, dust, strong wind, etc.

Varieties of conjunctivitis

Depending on the cause of the occurrence, as well as the course of the disease, several types of conjunctivitis in dogs are distinguished. The most common are: catarrhal, follicular, purulent.

catarrhal conjunctivitis

Catarrhal conjunctivitis is characterized by excessive lacrimation, swelling, redness of the mucous membrane of the eye. It can occur in acute and chronic forms. Usually begins with an acute form, when the dog cannot fully or partially open his eyes. If not treated at this stage, conjunctivitis will become chronic. And chronic forms are characterized by long-term treatment.

Follicular conjunctivitis

Follicular conjunctivitis is usually caused by an allergic reaction. In dogs, just like in humans, allergic eyes can become red, watery, and itchy. Most often this happens in spring or autumn, during the greatest distribution of allergens. Follicles on the conjunctiva (the lining of the eye) swell as a result of an allergen, foreign matter, or disease (see photo below). Sometimes follicular conjunctivitis is caused by problems with the eyeball and third eyelid. The third eyelid also contains follicles that can swell and become inflamed.

Do not ignore tearing, redness, itching in your pet to diagnose follicular conjunctivitis in the early stages. Otherwise, the eye discharge will become thick, purulent, which in turn will create a hard crust that will prevent the dog from opening its eyes.

Purulent conjunctivitis

Purulent conjunctivitis is caused by pathogenic aerobic bacteria, most often staphylococcus or streptococcus. Microbes are activated when there is certain damage to the conjunctiva, so often follicular or allergic conjunctivitis turns into purulent without appropriate treatment. Bacteria cause inflammation of the mucous membrane of the eye, as well as strong purulent discharge. Purulent conjunctivitis also causes hot, painful eyelids in a dog that may be afraid of light.

Treatment and prevention of canine conjunctivitis

Treatment of conjunctivitis begins with its diagnosis. If you are unsure if your pet has this disease, contact your veterinarian for an accurate diagnosis. Try rinsing your dog's eyes with warm water. If something gets into the eyes, such washing will remove the foreign body and relieve discomfort. If the foreign body remains in the eye, contact your veterinarian.

Treatment of conjunctivitis in the early stages can be done at home by flushing the dog's eyes. To do this, take a soft, clean cloth, carefully clean the area around the eyes from dirt. Prepare herbal decoction. For a decoction, calendula, chamomile, eyebright, rosemary are well suited. Rinse the eyes of the dog with warm decoction, repeat the procedure several times a day.

If the symptoms of conjunctivitis persist, it is worth treating the dog with medications. Your veterinarian will prescribe them for you. Beware of treating your dog with unknown drugs, they can cause an allergic reaction and worsen your pet's condition. Most often, the veterinarian prescribes ointment, eye drops, in more complex cases, antibiotics may be prescribed. Additionally, you can give your dog nutritional supplements, as well as vitamin complexes.

In order to avoid the unpleasant consequences of conjunctivitis, it is important to do its prevention. First of all, it is the care of the eyes and eyelids. Regularly clean them from dirt, dust, secretions, during the period of exacerbation of allergic reactions, rinse your eyes with herbal infusions. This will not only provide a great view of your pet, but will reduce the risk of inflammation of the mucous membrane of the eye.

Viruses, bacteria that can cause inflammation of the conjunctiva can be transmitted to dogs even from humans. Therefore, if you or your child has conjunctivitis, try to avoid contact with your animal so as not to treat it as well.

Of course, there are risks when you cannot prevent conjunctivitis from developing. In this case, your task is to diagnose the problem early and solve it quickly. Be vigilant and your dog's eyes will always be clean and healthy.