Inflammation of the maxillary sinuses symptoms. Treatment of moderate and severe disease. Causes of chronic sinusitis

- this is a condition in which the patient's maxillary sinus becomes inflamed. Air cavities are located in the bones of the human skull. They are lined with mucous membranes. The maxillary sinus is located in upper jaw and is a paired organ. Both sinuses are connected to the nose through a hole, the diameter of which is approximately 1-3 mm. Therefore, with swelling of the mucous membrane, this small opening is completely closed, and mucus accumulates in maxillary sinuses Oh. This phenomenon becomes a predisposing factor for the active reproduction of bacteria. As a result, a person develops sinusitis.

Causes of sinusitis

As the cause of sinusitis, an infection that spreads into the maxillary sinus is implied. Infection occurs either through the blood or from the nasal passage. Sinusitis in children and adults often manifests itself in the process acute period, at runny nose , measles and a number of other diseases. Also, the disease can be a complication of these ailments. Sometimes the cause of sinusitis becomes and allergic reaction , which provokes swelling of the mucous membrane. Often signs of sinusitis appear in patients who suffer from gum disease, as well as chewing upper teeth. In view of the subtlety bottom wall maxillary sinus pathogenic microorganisms can penetrate inside and provoke the development of sinusitis.

A high risk of developing sinusitis also occurs in people with polyps in the nose and with other violations of the correct structure of the nose. Signs of sinusitis are more common in people who smoke for a long period. In addition, the manifestation of symptoms of sinusitis can contribute to the habitual and long-term use sprays and drops for the nose with a vasoconstrictive effect.

Symptoms of sinusitis

Sinusitis in children and adults can manifest itself acutely, as well as occur in a chronic form. At chronic illness signs of sinusitis may not disappear even for several months. At the same time, experts insist that the treatment of chronic sinusitis should be done as early as possible, because its course can change general state nasal mucosa. As a result, a person's susceptibility to infections increases dramatically.

Symptoms of sinusitis appear immediately after the accumulation of mucus. It is difficult for the patient to breathe through the nose due to his severe congestion. At the same time, a person’s voice may change, he completely loses his sense of smell, and taste also partially disappears. With sinusitis, you have to breathe through your mouth. Often present and purulent discharge from noses that are green or yellowish color and smell bad. However, often sinusitis occurs without a runny nose at all, since the sinus openings can be completely blocked.

In addition, the symptoms of sinusitis are manifested by pain, which is characterized by fuzzy localization. So, a person may suffer from headaches, sometimes pain given to the upper jaw. If the patient bends over or moves his head, the pain may increase. There is also often an increase discomfort in the evening. Sometimes a noticeable swelling appears on the face: the eyelid and cheek can swell on the side where the inflammation has occurred.

Very often, people with signs of sinusitis, in addition to the main symptoms, also show weakness, they suffer from a state of confusion, may complain of restless sleep and insomnia.

If there is an acute form of sinusitis, then it is possible slight increase temperature - it rises to 38 degrees. At chronic disease such symptoms of sinusitis are not observed.

In the process of examination with sinusitis, there is redness and swelling of the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity, purulent discharge is noticeable in the nasal cavity of the nose.

Diagnosis of sinusitis

To make a diagnosis, the doctor, first of all, carefully examines the patient's nasal cavity and conducts a survey. During the examination, the specialist presses on the area under the eyes, and during such pressure, the person feels heaviness inside, fullness in the cheek or pain. However, the main and effective way diagnosis of sinusitis is considered to be nevertheless x-ray examination . Based on the results obtained during such an examination, the doctor determines the size and shape of the sinuses, and can also study how the inflammatory process is localized and what its nature is. When edema appears in the sinus or accumulation of fluid there on x-ray darkening will be noticeable.

However, sinusitis in children, as well as in women who are expecting a child, is diagnosed using other methods, because X-ray examination is contraindicated for them. AT this case applied method diaphanoscopy . To conduct such a study in a dark room, a special light bulb is inserted into the mouth. The method is based on the fact that the cavity with air will let in more light than the cavity filled with pus. If a person is healthy, then in the process of such a study, fields under the eyes that are illuminated by red color will be visible under the eyes. If the patient has sinusitis, then such fields will have a darker shade. However, when applying the diaphanoscopy method, it should be taken into account that more reliable results can be obtained in case chronic sinusitis. Besides this method research is considered not as reliable as other diagnostic methods.

If the disease is very severe or the person suffers from chronic sinusitis, often prescribed computed tomography . In this case, the specialist gets the opportunity to examine in detail the image of soft tissues and bones in the nose area. In this case, you can find out whether there have been injuries in the walls of the maxillary sinus, whether the pathological process has affected the bones of the skull, located nearby, or other sinuses. When comparing radiography and computed tomography, then in the second case, the images will be layered and, accordingly, more informative. If, after examination, the specialist suspects that the patient has a tumor of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, then an additional examination is possible. magnetic resonance imaging .

Treatment of sinusitis

First of all, it is important to consider that the treatment of sinusitis should be carried out after a thorough diagnosis and under constant control ENT doctor. When severe course disease or the presence of complications of the disease, it is possible to treat sinusitis in a hospital setting. Treatment of sinusitis at home can be carried out if the disease is mild.

Very often in the treatment of sinusitis acute form, as well as at the stage of diagnosis is used puncture (i.e. puncture) of the maxillary sinus. Today, you can hear the opinion that a puncture that was made once will have to be made constantly in the future. In fact, this is not the case, and the sinusitis reappears for the reasons described above, or the treatment that has not been completed is affected. After all, after the formation of pus in the sinuses can remain for a long period of time.

During the puncture, pus is removed from the sinuses, after which drugs with anti-inflammatory effects are injected into the sinus. Also used for puncture with sinusitis.

In complex drug treatment are also often used homeopathic preparations, which relieve pain, reduce swelling. If patients have reactions to other drugs, or sinusitis is mild, homeopathic remedies can be prescribed independently.

Also, for the treatment of sinusitis, washing of the nasal cavity is used using solutions that have antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. These may be solutions and others.

Treatment of sinusitis at home may also involve the use of rinsing the nose. To do this, prepare a saline solution using one teaspoon of salt in half a glass of water. You can add a little to the water or . There are other remedies for sinusitis that are used to wash the nose. Treatment of sinusitis with folk remedies also involves the use of decoctions of herbs. Suitable for this decoctions of calendula officinalis , thyme , wild rosemary , chamomile , sage officinalis and other herbs. Flushing can be done with a syringe: you need to remove the needle and gradually inject the solution into the nose, doing this gradually and very carefully. In this case, it is important to act very carefully, because there is a danger of liquid entering the ear canal through eustachian tube. Washing the nostrils is performed alternately.

Among the methods of treatment of sinusitis folk remedies in an efficient way is also the warming of the sinuses with salt, which must be heated and poured into a cloth bag.

Can weld two chicken eggs and warm their nose on both sides. A warming balm is also used: the skin should be lubricated with it in the sinus area. Here, for example, balm "Asterisk" is suitable. However, it is very important to consider that all procedures aimed at warming can be carried out only in the case of a normal outflow of pus. If there is no outflow, then there is a danger of aggravating the situation.

Edema is effectively removed with , the conduct of which simultaneously contributes to the liquefaction of the contents of the sinuses. At home, inhalation can be done by bending over a bowl of hot decoction and covering tightly with a towel or blanket. In this case, a decoction of chamomile, celandine, calendula, string is suitable.

In the treatment of sinusitis, folk remedies are also used for instillation into the nose. So, it is recommended to drip two drops of cyclamen juice into the nose. After such a procedure, the patient may sneeze and cough a lot, and later from the nose begins strong highlight mucus. This tool can only be used when pus is discharged, otherwise complications of the disease may occur.

A good treatment for sinusitis is, which is instilled into the nose several times a day, three to five drops. There are other options for drops in the nose: for this purpose, you can mix potato juice, onion juice and honey in equal proportions.

Buried in the nose and oils: suitable sea buckthorn , , rosehip oil and tea tree .

To relieve swelling and disinfect the sinuses, you can use swabs soaked in propolis diluted in sunflower oil. Compresses that are placed on the sinus area also work well. For a compress, grated horseradish wrapped in a cloth, or a napkin soaked in a decoction of bay leaves, is suitable. It should be applied to the bridge of the nose and forehead and covered with a cloth to keep warm.

Diaphoretics, for example, decoctions of linden, raspberries, are recommended to be taken orally throughout the course of the disease.

Prevention of sinusitis

For the prevention of sinusitis, it is important to avoid infections and treat all diseases in time, the complications of which can be sinusitis. hardening and healthy lifestyle lives are efficient preventive measures to avoid colds.

You can not ignore the state of humidity in the living room. After all, dry air negatively affects the nasal mucosa and paranasal sinuses. Consequently, the tendency to self-cleaning is reduced, and the risk of developing sinusitis . Therefore, the air must be humidified by all available methods. For people who have previously suffered from sinusitis, it is useful to do inhalations for prevention. In this case, inhalation of water vapor without additional funds is suitable.

Both for prevention and treatment, massage is used in the area of the paranasal sinuses, which promotes blood flow and prevents congestion. Active nose blowing also helps to clear the sinuses.

Diet, nutrition for sinusitis

List of sources

Diskalenko V.V., Lavrenova G.V., Glukhova E.Yu. Otorhinolaryngology for a doctor general practice. - St. Petersburg, 1997
Piskunov G.Z., Piskunov S.Z. Clinical rhinology // M.: Miklosh, 2002.
Gubin, M.A. Acute odontogenic maxillary sinusitis / M.A. Gubin, V.F. Kulikovsky, JT.B. Shevchenko. Belgorod, 2006.
Palchun V.T., Magamedov M.M., Luchikhin L.A. Otorhinolaryngology. Moscow "Medicine" 2002.

Sinusitis and other diseases respiratory system may occur according to different reasons. All of them have certain symptoms, methods of treatment and diagnostic methods.

In order to defeat the disease, the main thing is to recognize it in a timely manner so as not to provoke complications. Next, consider what is inflammation of the maxillary sinuses, the symptoms and causes of this phenomenon.

Inflammation of the maxillary sinuses can occur in people regardless of age or gender. This is a disease that occurs as a result of inflammation of the paranasal sinuses.

In medicine, this phenomenon is called sinusitis. There are many reasons why it can develop:

In children, a common cause inflammatory process in the maxillary sinuses are or. These growths make it impossible to fully breathe. As a result, dust and mucus accumulate in the sinuses, in which, after some time, pathogenic microflora is formed and inflammation occurs. Often sick children are credited with the removal of adenoids. It is important not to confuse them with the tonsils, which have a protective function and are part of the immune system. In adults, sinusitis due to growths occurs much less frequently than in pediatric patients.
The most common causes are diseases caused by exposure to pathogens - fungi, bacteria and viruses. Sinus inflammation often presents as a complication or side effect with, SARS, rhinitis and other diseases of the respiratory system.
Often, dentistry causes sinusitis. The upper molars, when they begin to deteriorate from the root, provoke an inflammatory process in the soft tissues, resulting in sinusitis. In this case, the otolaryngologist appoints an examination at the dentist to confirm or refute the diagnosis. If treatment is not started in a timely manner, with the slightest weakening of the immune system, tissue decay occurs, which is fraught with many negative consequences.
which may be congenital or acquired as a result of trauma. Because of this, sinusitis occurs often, so treat it medical methods it makes no sense. Better to do it right now surgical intervention to clear passages and normalize breathing.
Abuse medicines vasoconstrictor action. Many who suffer from constant do not go to the doctors to cure the problem, but independently drip their nose several times a day. This frees the breath for a few hours, but will not solve the problem. Over time, the mucous membranes of the sinuses dry out, swell, and inflammation occurs.

Signs of an inflammatory process

The symptoms of sinusitis can vary from person to person, as everyone is different. Besides important role plays a form of the disease.

Inflammation can be acute (more severe symptoms) or chronic, which in some cases develops without any visible signs.

The main signs by which sinusitis can be suspected:

inability to fully breathe
headache, when the head is tilted forward, it increases
runny nose with greenish-yellow discharge
fatigue, general weakness
temperature rise
eye pain, tearing
decrease or total loss smell
puffiness of the face
pain when pressing on the area around the eyes

If at least one of these symptoms occurs, you need to contact the clinic to undergo a qualified examination. If the diagnosis is confirmed, it is necessary to find out the cause of the inflammatory process and begin immediate treatment.

Tighten this pathology it is impossible, because as a result of inflammation in the sinuses, pus begins to accumulate, which affects soft tissues, osteochondral, can provoke otitis media and other diseases, as a result of which hearing deteriorates, the sense of smell is lost or vision is reduced.

Medical treatment

If the cause of sinusitis does not lie in the deformity of the septum, then drug treatment can be started. The first step is to solve two main problems:

kill infections and restore microflora
relieve swelling and inflammation

For this, tablets, drops and inhalations are used (if the body temperature is not higher than 38 degrees). Also, the doctor may prescribe in parallel drugs that relieve symptoms, for example, sedatives or antipyretics.

The main medicines include the following:

antiviral or antibacterial agents if the cause of sinusitis was a disease provoked negative impact pathogens
nasal drops that help normalize microflora and eliminate mucus
inhalation by various antiseptics- for example, whose vapors will disinfect the sinuses and speed up the healing process
"Cuckoo" is an instrumental procedure in which the sinuses are washed using a special suction and antiseptic drug. Medicine is poured into one nostril, and from the second it is sucked off with impurities of mucus and pus. Thus, the sinuses are flushed and the amount of mucus and bacteria is reduced.

It is highly undesirable to engage in self-medication, as it can harm your health. All medical preparations should only be used after consulting a doctor.

ethnoscience

Except drug treatment allowed use folk methods. First of all, it is important to make sure that there are no contraindications.

There are more than 1000 recipes that our ancestors used to save themselves, let's look at some of the most common:

AT as soon as possible such a remedy will help to cope with inflammation: in half a liter of Cahors you need to add three teaspoons of honey and the same amount of freshly squeezed honey. Stir until smooth and leave for 10 days in a dark and warm place. Take 2 tsp. three times a day, regardless of the meal. Additionally, this method will increase the protective functions of the body.
Sea buckthorn or rosehip oil should be dripped into the nose 6-8 times a day. Ethers and vitamin complex promotes disinfection and removal of inflammation and swelling.
Lubricate the nose daily mustard oil outside (!).
In equal proportions, it is necessary to mix the grated laundry soap(red), burdock juice, natural honey, alcohol, vegetable oil(mainly olive) and milk. Mix everything in one container and heat in a water bath until completely dissolved. When it cools down, you can use it. Apply to the sinus area on the forehead and under the eyes daily until complete recovery. A sensitivity test is recommended beforehand.

You can learn more about how to treat sinusitis at home from the video:

Surgical intervention

Previously, the puncture of the maxillary sinuses was considered the only true method of treatment. But it has some complications, so modern medicine offers other ways to get rid of sinus inflammation.

A yamik catheter is a popular procedure that allows you to remove all the mucus without a puncture.

It is carried out under anesthesia, so there is nothing terrible and painful in it. A soft catheter is inserted through the nostril into the nasopharynx. Then, with the help of a balloon, air is introduced, to create a seal, and mucus and pus are removed with a syringe.

Do only those patients who have sinusitis chronic. In any case, the patient decides which method to treat after consulting a doctor and discussing some options.

Predictions and possible complications

As far as forecasts are concerned, timely handling to the doctor and compliance with all recommendations for treatment, they are usually positive. Inflammation of the maxillary sinuses is treatable and quickly passes with the use of all the drugs that the specialist prescribes.

If, when symptoms occur, the problem is ignored, then complications associated with the release of pus into nearby organs may begin:

swelling and inflammation of the orbit, vein thrombosis, decreased vision, development of conjunctivitis, purulent discharge from the eye, decreased visual acuity
, inflammation inner ear, partial or complete hearing loss, sensation of water in the ear
inflammation of the roots of the teeth of the upper jaw
intracranial inflammation, brain abscess

All these complications are associated with the appearance of pus and the intensive reproduction of viruses and bacteria in pathogenic microflora. They affect not only the sinuses, so other organs and systems are at risk.

First and Golden Rule prevention of inflammation is an increase protective functions body and strengthen the immune system. It is also worth considering the fact that sinusitis is often a complication of viral and infectious diseases upper respiratory tract. It is because of this that you need to immediately take up treatment, then you can be guaranteed to avoid side effects.

Sinusitis - the name of this disease is increasingly heard from the lips of both adults and children. This type of sinusitis is unfortunately common today. It accounts for 30% of all ENT pathologies, and this figure is alarming.

The inflammatory process in sinusitis affects not only the mucous membranes of the maxillary sinuses, but also bony walls. Treatment takes place against the backdrop of headache, fever, inability to breathe freely, general deterioration, and often ends with a visit to the surgeon.

The main cause of sinusitis is different kind an infection that, through breathing or through the blood, enters the nasal cavity. In most cases, the disease usually affects those who have impaired nasal breathing. In adults, due to the curvature of the nasal septum: when the turbinates are enlarged, or. In children - allergic diseases nose or.

The causes of inflammation in the maxillary sinuses also include:

Sinusitis occurs with an injury that can be caused by the mucous membrane of the maxillary sinuses and the neglected condition of the teeth. Often the cause of the development of the disease is regularly used in the treatment of rhinitis, for example, naphthyzinum.

From infectious agents most dangerous:

hemophilic bacillus;
mushrooms;
viruses;
streptococci;
mycoplasmas;

Symptoms

First of all, the symptoms of sinusitis can manifest themselves in nasal congestion and shortness of breath.

Further, headaches are not excluded, which become especially strong when a person takes horizontal position. The patient cannot sleep lying down and falls asleep half-sitting with a pillow under his back. This alleviates the situation.

Pain depends on which side the maxillary sinus is inflamed and filled with pus. The head may hurt right side or from the left. Developing acute sinusitis against the background of an increase in temperature reaching up to 38 degrees and above. At chronic course disease temperature is not observed.

The development of the disease is accompanied by:

secretions from the nose of mucus with purulent impurities;
nasal congestion and difficulty breathing;
painful sensations when tilting the head in the region of the nose;
memory impairment and absent-mindedness;
sleep disturbance;
increased fatigue and disability;
lethargy, general malaise and weakness;
intensifying pains that spread to the eye sockets, gums, forehead;
loss of appetite.

The above symptoms, even some of them are serious reason visits to a doctor.

As already mentioned, a runny nose is transformed into sinusitis.

How does this happen?

When a person has a cold or a runny nose, pathogenic bacteria and various kinds of infection will not slow down to appear in the nasal passages, causing swelling of the nasal mucosa. The patient has difficulty breathing. Mucus from the nose initial stage the disease is transparent, then thickens, later acquires green color. This is the first sign of sinusitis (severe inflammation).

Intensively blowing our nose, we should not forget that the sinuses are located on one side and the other of the nose and are closely related to each other. If you often blow your nose, mucus will begin to enter the maxillary sinuses, and this is a direct path to the inflammatory process - sinusitis.

Types of sinusitis

AT modern medicine sinusitis is indicated by several types

1. Acute. When the disease occurs as a result of a complication and lasts no more than a month. The pressure on the front wall from the side of the affected sinus increases. Main symptoms: headache, fever, chills and malaise. Additional symptoms may become photophobia, lacrimation. From the nasal cavity, discharge of mucous and purulent origin.

There is swelling of the eyelids or cheeks. Treatment is conservative with the appointment of drugs that reduce swelling, anti-inflammatory drugs, medicinal herbs, folk remedies. Washings are shown. Any heating is prohibited.

2. Viral. When the disease can proceed without bright severe symptoms against the backdrop of SARS. Viral sinusitis can be bilateral and without purulent form. Treatment: conventional antiviral. The duration of the disease is about 3 weeks.

3. Bacterial. Bacterial sinusitis occurs on the seventh or fourteenth day acute cold against the background of the reunification of weakened immunity and bacterial microflora. It can also be caused by inflammatory processes occurring in oral cavity.

4. Gribkov. In many cases, fungal sinusitis can manifest itself with a weak immune system. It can be the result of long-term use of antibiotics in diabetic patients. It must be feared by those who accept hormonal preparations and the elderly. This disease is caused by yeast-like and mold fungi.

5. Traumatic. Traumatic sinusitis appears when the head is injured or the anterior wall of the maxillary sinus is fractured. Then blood begins to accumulate in it, which leads to an inflammatory process. In this case, it is necessary to penetrate the infection, and the disease begins to develop.

6. Allergic. The name of this species speaks for itself. Allergic means that allergens affect the nasal mucosa. This state is caused flower pollen or ordinary dust. If the temperature rises in an acute form, pain is felt in the cheekbones and eyes, nasal congestion. Mucus begins to stand out, and headaches become constant.

7. Mixed. When several types of sinusitis are combined.

8. Aerosinusitis. A type of sinusitis in which a disease develops in the human body due to a change in pressure. Such conditions occur when flying in an airplane, diving. Even if the patient feels healthy, he still feels discomfort in the sinuses and difficulty in breathing.

Morphological changes

According to the morphology of changes, sinusitis is divided into the following types:

catarrhal (pus does not accumulate, but edema occurs);
polyposis, with the growth of the mucous membrane and the formation of polyps with soft tissue formations in the form of a bunch of grapes. They make it difficult to breathe, falling into the nasal cavity;
hyperplastic, when the nasal mucosa grows, which leads to a narrowing of the sinus cavity and the outlet;
atrophic, in which the work of the mucous glands is disturbed and reduces the secretion of mucus. As a result, the mucous membrane dries out. This can lead to an inflammatory process.

Diagnostics

To detect sinusitis, a dilator is inserted into each nostril and a visual examination is done.

An x-ray is ordered for accurate diagnosis. On an x-ray in the presence of sinusitis, the area between the upper jaw and the eyes will be white (opaque).

The patient can do it himself, leaning forward and feeling a rolling pain in the region of the forehead and maxillary sinuses. Because upper teeth located next to the maxillary sinuses with sinusitis, pain can be felt in the upper jaw.

Treatment

Sinusitis, depending on the stage of development, is treated with drugs, washing the paranasal sinuses, using laser therapy.

Acute sinusitis, appointments:

nasal drops ( vasoconstrictors- solutions of ephedrine 1-3%, cocaine 1-3%, adrenaline 0.1% or combinations thereof);
sulfa drugs, antibiotics, antipyretics;
UHF points, Sollux and Minin lamps, on the area of the affected sinus - UV irradiation.

Puncture

When a puncture of the maxillary sinus is scheduled, the operation is done under local anesthesia. The doctor inserts a special needle through the nasal passage and sucks out the contents of the sinus with a syringe. The sinus is washed with a disinfectant solution and then medicinal substances are introduced into it.

If the expected effect has not occurred (it happens with chronic sinusitis), the patient is offered surgery. The treatment lasts a week.

In chronic sinusitis, treatment is longer, and in some cases surgery is indicated. Its purpose is a hole that is made between the maxillary region and the maxillary sinus. Through it, purulent contents are scraped out of the sinus cavity. After the procedure, the incision is sutured. The rehabilitation period after - up to two weeks.

Today, for the treatment of sinusitis, there are powerful antibiotics which overcome the disease in three days: Macropen, Zitrolid. The capsule is taken once a day and washed down with plenty of water.

From the old medications still effective:

cephalixin;
Amoxicillin;
Ampicillin.

In order, the doctor will prescribe from vasoconstrictors:

Nazol;
Otrivin;
Galazolin.

If sinusitis is allergic, the patient is prescribed antiallergic drugs:

Tavegil;
Zyrtec;
Cetrin;
Clarotadine;
Claritin;
Suprastin.

At medium degree diseases are also sinus evacuation with a soft catheter.

The patient is asked to lie on his back. A soft catheter is inserted into one nostril, suction is into the other. So that the patient does not choke on the solution, he constantly utters the sounds "cuckoo". At this point, the communication of the nose with the pharynx is blocked and the liquid does not enter the respiratory tract.

Through a soft catheter, a solution of furacilin is fed into the maxillary sinus and then aspirated along with its contents. After washing, a furatsilin solution remains in the cavity, which prevents the formation and accumulation of pus. This method is carried out several times and after the procedures the patient feels severe pain in the region of the maxillary sinuses.

Complications

Often, sinusitis from an acute form becomes chronic, and the disease at this stage requires constructive and long-term treatment.

Patients after treatment may experience complications in the form of:

inflammatory processes in the bronchi and lungs;
pharynx;
otitis.

If the disease was neglected, may suffer:

joints;
heart:
kidneys;
brain;
organs of vision.

Timely access to a specialist and treatment of sinusitis will help to avoid consequences that can turn into serious illnesses.

Prevention

Everyone should know so as not to expose themselves and their loved ones to the danger of disease.

Dress for the season.
Talk to folk remedies and special medications to strengthen the immune system.
Take vitamins and minerals.
Do not ignore exercises, visit the pool and gyms.
Walk on fresh air(in parks, forest areas).
Learn to breathe through your nose properly by doing breathing exercises.
Take action.
Give preference to useful products.
Give up bad habits.
Don't overcool.

Remember that an allergic reaction must be neutralized in time by a doctor's prescription. If possible, correct defects in the nasal septum, if any. At the first sign of sinusitis, contact an otolaryngologist.

One of the paranasal sinuses - the maxillary sinus - is often subject to inflammation. This cavity is located in the thickness of the upper jaw under the orbit and is closely related to these anatomical formations. The disease is accompanied by nasal congestion, headache, pain in the infraorbital region, feeling unwell. The acute form of the disease lasts up to 3 weeks. With a longer course, they speak of chronic sinusitis. The causes of sinusitis are varied. In most cases, this disease develops secondary to some other pathological process. Therefore, it is much easier to avoid it than to cure it.

Causes of acute sinusitis

Often sinusitis appears as a complication viral infection nasopharynx. This causes inflammation of the mucous membrane lining the sinus. The body reacts to the invasion of viruses by increasing blood circulation in the wall of the nose and the accumulation of immune cells in it - leukocytes. A large amount of mucus is formed, and the membrane of the nasopharynx swells. As a result, the openings through which the paranasal sinuses communicate with the nasal cavity are narrowed.

Many viruses can cause sinusitis, but most often it is the influenza virus. Mucus retention in the maxillary sinus creates favorable conditions for bacterial growth. Most healthy people Haemophilus influenzae and pneumococci are present in the nasal cavity. If the emptying of the sinus is disturbed, they begin to actively multiply, causing bacterial inflammation.

In addition to the listed microorganisms in more rare cases the disease is caused by streptococci, moraxella, Staphylococcus aureus and anaerobes. Inflammation is accompanied by swelling, pain, signs of intoxication, violation of the resonating function of the sinus.

Sometimes the appearance of the disease is caused by the activation of pathogenic fungi against the background of reduced immunity. An example of such a pathology is aspergillosis, which is accompanied by severe lesions of other respiratory organs. Sometimes it can occur with an allergic reaction to fungi, such as mold.

Other common causes occurrence of sinusitis:

chronic rhinitis (runny nose);
allergic rhinitis(hay fever);
vasomotor rhinitis, which occurs under the influence of cold air, humidity, alcohol consumption, inhalation of pungent odors.

With rhinitis, the formation of mucus increases, which blocks the drainage holes of the sinuses.

Acute sinusitis occurs more often in people with reduced immunity and with a violation of the formation of nasal mucus, for example, with cystic fibrosis. In this disease, the viscous contents of the nasal cavity block the outlets of the sinuses, causing.

Causes of chronic sinusitis

Usually the disease is quite well treatable if you see a doctor in time. In acute forms, it is enough to prescribe antibiotics and vasoconstrictors. Improvement of sinus drainage and destruction of bacteria lead to the rapid disappearance of the symptoms of the disease.

However, if a person is constantly obstructed by air circulation in the nasal cavity and sinus drainage is disturbed, repeated sinusitis may occur. Risk factors for the transition of the disease to a chronic form:

concomitant bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis with occasional severe swelling mucous;
living in a damp cold climate, frequent contact with respiratory viruses;
inhalation of polluted air at work, especially chlorine vapors;
nasal polyps and deviated nasal septum;
constant use of vasoconstrictor drops that disrupt the work of epithelial cilia that cleanse the mucosa;
smoking, edematous, and subsequently atrophy of the mucous membrane, as well as reducing local immune defense;
dehydration, such as diabetes insipidus, constant vomiting or diarrhea;
immunodeficiencies, including long-term treatment immunosuppressants, cytostatics, glucocorticoids.

Diseases that may be accompanied by sinusitis

Sometimes it can be difficult to figure out why sinusitis occurs. Inflammation of the paranasal sinuses can only be a symptom of more serious diseases:

adenoids;
foreign body in the nasal cavity;
caries, periodontitis, jaw abscess;
food allergies to buckwheat, nuts, vegetable oil, peas, pumpkin, zucchini, anise, pork, chicken, bananas, coconuts and many other foods;
chlamydial pneumonia;
zygomycosis, cladosporiosis - rare systemic fungal diseases;
mucocutaneous leishmaniasis;
congenital deficiency of IgG or IgA components immune protection mucous membranes;
syndromes of Ewing, Churg-Strauss, Kartagener, Felty, Needle;
dextrocardia in combination with bronchiectasis;
barotrauma ( sharp drop atmospheric pressure);
acromegaly (disease of the pituitary gland, accompanied by numerous metabolic disorders and deformation of the facial skull);
Wegener's granulomatosis affecting the mucous membrane;
rhabdomyosarcoma;
sinus tumors;
sarcoidosis;
panbronchiolitis.

Complaints for all of these diseases may include congestion and pain in the maxillary sinuses. Therefore, with sinusitis, especially recurrent, it is necessary to consult an ENT doctor and therapist.

Medications that cause symptoms of sinusitis

Application of some medicines can cause signs of inflammation maxillary sinus, that is, sinusitis. Here is some of them:

Cyclosporine;
Depo Provera;
infliximab;
Irbesartan;
Minoxidil;
Nicoderm;
medroxyprogesterone acetate;
Risperidone;
Simvastatin and others.

With long-lasting symptoms of sinusitis, it is necessary to analyze constantly taken medications.

Disease Risk Factors

Some conditions and conditions do not cause sinusitis, but create prerequisites for its development:

pregnancy;
constant dryness of the nasal mucosa;
diabetes;
condition after the introduction of a nasogastric tube;
artificial ventilation of the lungs;
swimming and diving;
high-altitude ascents;
nose and cheek injuries;
stay in a preschool children's institution.

How does sinusitis develop?

Inflammation of the maxillary sinus can occur under the influence of general or local factors. General - this is impaired immunity, serious illnesses accompanied by circulatory disorders (for example, diabetes mellitus or hypertension), long-term use drugs, increased individual susceptibility, and unfavourable conditions external environment - low temperature, high humidity, dustiness.

An important mechanism for the development of the disease is a violation of the outflow of mucus through the drainage holes in the wall of the sinus. It can occur with allergies or rhinitis. In addition, there are anatomical prerequisites that increase the risk of sinusitis:

curvature of the nasal septum;
cartilaginous outgrowths and ridges on it;
proliferation of nasal conchas;
thickening of the nasal mucosa in chronic rhinitis;
polyps and tumors of the nasopharynx.

If these factors are present in a child, they not only interfere with the drainage of the sinus, but also cause it misdevelopment. In this case, a person has chronic sinusitis for life.

Under the influence trigger factors nasal glands produce too little fluid or its hypersecretion is observed. Both of these conditions change the direction of air flow in the nasal cavity and sinuses, which disrupts the ciliated epithelium. The mucous membrane of the sinus swells, against this background, an infection joins, which causes inflammation. After the subsidence acute process microorganisms remain in the sinus, starting to multiply again in favorable conditions.

Sinusitis is a disease that does not develop on its own. It is always associated with other pathological processes in the nasopharynx. If the cause of the disease is not eliminated in time, it will turn into a chronic form, which is practically not amenable to complete cure. Knowledge about the causes and development of sinusitis will help prevent this unpleasant disease.

With inflammation of the maxillary sinus, a disease such as sinusitis occurs (it is a type of sinusitis).

This disease may occur in various forms. When the disease is formed, the inflammatory process covers both or one maxillary sinus. In this article, you will learn about what the symptoms of sinusitis can be and how to cure it at home.

From the inside, the sinus has a mucous membrane. With sinusitis, the pathogenic process spreads to blood vessels, epithelial cells and tissues.

This pathology got its name because of the inflammation of the maxillary sinuses. Such concepts as sinusitis and maxillary sinusitis are not particularly different from each other.

The disease becomes widespread in winter time, both adults and children are equally susceptible to it.

Many factors can influence the development of this disease. But the main ones are inflammatory processes in the nasopharynx, nose, oral cavity, as well as infectious diseases upper respiratory tract. Sinusitis can be accompanied by diseases such as: scarlet fever, measles, influenza.

Experts believe that the main reason for the formation of pathology is the presence of bacterial or viral agents in the maxillary sinuses. AT autumn-winter period the immune system is weakened and the body is susceptible to the penetration of bacteria into it that can provoke the disease.

Chlamydial and mycoplasmal infections are often the causative agents of sinusitis in children, so their treatment should be carried out with macrolide antibiotics - Erythromycin, Azithromycin.

The next, fairly common cause is diseases of the ENT organs. Sinusitis can form against the background of a constant runny nose, in which the outlet of the maxillary sinus is clogged. This is usually triggered by swelling of the mucous membranes of the nose.

For the above reasons, it can be understood that in the treatment of the common cold, it is important to use vasoconstrictor drugs that will relieve swelling.

With a curved nasal septum, the formation of a pathological process can be triggered by a pathological narrowing of the nasal passages. In such cases, very often there are relapses of the disease after the course of therapy. At the same time, the alignment of the septum with surgical intervention helps to restore the normal patency of the nasal passages.

There are cases of the development of the disease against the background of diseases of the oral cavity (pulpitis, caries).

In the presence of allergies, against the background of conjunctivitis, a runny nose, allergic sinusitis can form.

Symptoms of chronic sinusitis are manifested with an untreated acute form of the disease or with prolonged damage to the maxillary sinuses.

Other reasons include:

Fistulas in the sinus through the hole extracted tooth from the oral cavity;
Carious lesions of the maxillary teeth;
Granulomas, cysts;
periodontal disease;
Availability foreign bodies in the maxillary sinus.

Still, the main cause of inflammation of the sinuses is their blockage along various reasons(ARI, chronic rhinitis).

Symptoms

Often in adults, the following symptoms of sinusitis are manifested:

Weakness;
Persistent nasal congestion;
Cough;
Chills;
Chronic course of tonsillitis, rhinitis, pharyngitis;
elevated temperature;
Pain syndromes that radiate to the forehead, teeth, nose.

Also painful is the area under the eyes. Carrying out timely and effective treatment guarantees recovery in an adult for several weeks. Treatment for sinusitis will depend on the symptoms.

A common symptom of a chronic course of the disease is constant runny nose which is not treated different ways. Increased pain in sinusitis occurs when blinking.

The chronic course of symptoms is not particularly pronounced, which does not allow timely identification and effective treatment. Ignoring the treatment of sinusitis can lead to negative consequences: the development of encephalitis, meningitis (inflammation of the brain), ophthalmitis (inflammation of the orbital cavity), blood poisoning (occurs when treatment is completely ignored).

It is quite difficult for adults to get rid of the disease, since its manifestations are very mild. To make an accurate diagnosis, you need to comprehensive examination and pass certain tests, as general symptoms sinusitis is similar to acute respiratory infections.

In any situation, if you feel the above symptoms, immediately consult a doctor to avoid negative consequences pathology.

Types of pathology

This pathology has the following classification:

1. Method of entry of pathogens into the body: through the blood (hematogenous form), after trauma(traumatic), through the nose (rhinogenic type), with inflamed teeth (odontogenic type);

2. The severity of the course and the cause of the appearance: vasomotor (chronic course), infectious (caused by viral or bacterial organisms), allergic (there are periods of remission and exacerbation), necrotic (the death of sinus tissue occurs), exudative (discharge a large number pus), atrophic ( chronic form causes atrophy of the mucous membranes);

3. Type of inflammation course: acute (accumulation of pus in the sinus, nasal congestion), peninsular (duration of the inflammatory process from 1 to 2 months), chronic (presence of symptoms for more than 2 months); recurrent (the disease worsens several times a year).

In the acute form of sinusitis, the following manifestations are possible:

Heat;
Discharge from the nose;
General weakness;
Regular headaches;
On palpation of the affected sinus, the pain intensifies;
Puffiness of the eyelids.

The determining factor in setting correct diagnosis is the presence of a dry cough at night. It is provoked by the flow of pus from the sinus down the nasopharynx. Among characteristic symptoms chronic sinusitis can be called:

feeling of heaviness and pain in the wings of the nose;
swelling of the face;
Soreness of the eye sockets;
Thick or liquid discharge from the nose (yellow to green);
Headaches that get worse in the evening;
Conjunctivitis, swelling of the eyelids.

Medical treatment of pathology

Bacteria that provoke the development of sinusitis are quickly suppressed by antibiotics of tetracycline and penicillin series. They kill bacteria. Next, you will learn about pills that help with sinusitis.

Their advantages include:

Wide spectrum of action;
Stability in the environment of the stomach;
Minimum side effects.

To effective antibiotics relate:

Augmentin (tablets of 250-500 mg);
Amoxicillin (tablets of 500 mg);
Doxycycline (Table 0.1 g each).

Symptoms of sinusitis in children:

Persistent nasal congestion;
Purulent or mucopurulent discharge;
Headache. Which gives to the area of \u200b\u200bthe teeth, forehead (may intensify when the child coughs or sneezes);
puffiness;
Capriciousness, lethargy, problems with sleep and appetite.

With a simple runny nose, the child will have a stuffy nose on both sides, with sinusitis, the “breathing” side will change. On palpation of the cheeks, the child will feel a dull pain.

If you do not start treatment in time, then from the acute form of sinusitis will turn into a chronic one. There will be such manifestations: dryness, sore throat, pain syndromes when swallowing. The temperature in a child can be from 37.1 to 37.9. A special symptom is a nocturnal cough.

Chronic form and its therapy

Treatment of chronic sinusitis is carried out with the aim of:

Eliminate the causes of the disease;
Restore the patency of the nose;
Reduce the inflammatory process;
Reduce the occurrence of sinusitis.

Relief of symptoms

Nasal lavages and nasal corticosteroids may be prescribed by a specialist to relieve symptoms of chronic sinusitis. Prednisone helps relieve inflammation, and Oxymetazoline relieves swelling. For pain relief, Aspirin, Ibuprofen is recommended.

Treatment at home with inhalation

The main advantage of using a nebulizer in the treatment of sinusitis is that inhalations facilitate the breathing process almost immediately after the procedure.

In the treatment of sinusitis positive effect have steam inhalation.

In the manufacture medicinal solution can be used:

Various essential oils;
Medications;
Potato;
Tinctures;
Garlic;
Horseradish;
Herbs (eucalyptus, thyme, chamomile, lavender, sage);

Before the procedure, be sure to clean the nasal passages.

Experts prohibit inhalation in such situations:

heart failure;
nosebleeds;
high temperature.

Treatment at home

What medicines can be used for sinusitis for inhalation using a nebulizer? Further in the article you will find out the answer to this question.

Preparations for vasoconstriction - allow you to facilitate nasal breathing, and cause a better discharge of mucus from the maxillary sinuses;
Hormones - have anti-allergenic and anti-inflammatory effects;
Immunostimulants - increase the immune system;
Combined funds;
Anti-inflammatory drugs - accelerate the process of regeneration of the mucous membranes;
Alkaline and saline solutions- used to relieve inflammation of the maxillary sinuses, as well as cleansing and moisturizing the mucous membranes;
Antibiotics - destroy pathogenic flora.

The choice of drugs should be made only after consultation with a specialist who will take into account the age, severity of the disease and the patient's history. If the patient has any allergic reactions it is necessary to clarify with the attending physician whether it is possible to do inhalations with sinusitis and with what means.

In a chronic course, inhalations for sinusitis are carried out in order to avoid subsequent relapses. But this does not cancel the drug treatment.

Treatment with ointments

After making an accurate diagnosis, in combination with medicines for sinusitis, Vishnevsky ointment can be used. Application antihistamines helps to relieve allergies and puffiness. You can wash the nasal cavity with potassium permanganate or furatsilina solution.

Ointment from sinusitis is prescribed to increase therapeutic effect. Oxolinic ointment has an antiviral effect. In the morning and in the evening I lubricate the nasal passages with it. The use of ointments tones the walls of the nose, reduces bacteria, helps to thin the mucus, relieve swelling.

At home, you can prepare ointments that will relieve the symptoms of sinusitis:

1. Take onion juice, laundry soap, butter, milk, honey. Mix all components and heat in a water bath until a homogeneous mixture is formed. After cooling the mixture, soak in it cotton swabs and insert into the nose for 5-6 minutes. This procedure should be repeated in the morning and evening. This ointment promotes the release of mucus and purulent formations.

2. Take honey, alcohol, oil, onion juice, households in equal parts. soap and milk. Heat in a water bath until smooth, add Fleming's ointment. A swab moistened with ointment should be injected into the nose three times a day at least. Than 20 minutes. The course is about 3 weeks.