Vascular disease symptoms. Causes of vascular disease. Her symptoms are varied.

Vessels are a kind of transport network. Thanks to this system, blood moves through the human body. This biological fluid there is a very important purpose - it delivers oxygen and nutrients to the organs.

If all the vessels that make up this network are laid out in one straight line, then the length of such a line will be about ninety-five kilometers. During the day, the system pumps through human body about seven thousand liters of blood. Since the load on the transport network is very large, over time, the vessels wear out. Therefore, the circulatory system is a rather weak point in the human body. Many diseases associated with it lead to disability or death. This article will tell you how blood vessels are treated.

What leads to disruption of the circulatory system?

Any disease has a reason: the causes, as a rule, are lifestyle or hereditary predisposition. Before the vessels are treated, the cause of this problem is determined. Diseases with similar consequences can lead to:

Neurocircular dystonia. This is a complex of disorders characteristic of cardiovascular vascular system. He provokes functional disorders, that is, a chaotic contraction of blood vessels. This is due to violations of neuroendocrine regulation.
neurosis of higher centers, which are responsible for the control and regulation of blood pressure. it advanced stage hypertension.
The formation of cholesterol plaques. They appear not only due to improper diet nutrition, but also due to frequent stressful situations. After all, the body needs steroid hormones to recover from stress. And in order to produce them, the liver must secrete cholesterol in large quantities.
Bad habits, in particular, addiction to cigarettes. The surface of the walls of vessels is very susceptible to the influence of smoke. Only blood cells can bring it back to normal. But they hit the wrong place in the wrong place pure form, and together with cholesterol, thrombin and fibrinogen. These substances, accumulating, clog the passages, and the outflow of blood stops.
Metabolism disorder.
Thrombus formation. If the body is healthy, then it will have enough strength to dissolve the clot. Otherwise, it interferes with normal blood circulation.

What symptoms indicate vascular problems?

Which doctor treats blood vessels depends on the nature of the disease. Since the circulatory system is located throughout the human body, problems with it can affect different parts of the body. However, it is possible to clearly identify vascular disorders in oneself by the following signs:

age (in people over forty, the risk of diseases of this nature increases sharply);
frequent dizziness, which occurs due to the fact that too little oxygen is supplied to the brain;
pain in the head;
sudden loss of consciousness;
intolerance to high temperatures;
ice limbs;
rapid heart rate;
pain in the joints;
deterioration of sexual function;
dependence of the state of health on weather conditions;
jumps in blood pressure;
hearing problems (frequent noises, hearing loss);
deterioration of memory and speech;
lack of coordination;
bad sleep;
cramps, swelling in the legs (also with vascular diseases, the skin unreasonably changes its color, sensitivity decreases lower extremities).

How to get rid of problems with the vessels of the brain?

Any disease that somehow affects the functioning of the brain entails quite severe consequences. Running hypertension or atherosclerosis can even lead to death. Lack of blood flow leads to oxygen starvation. As a result, brain cells die.

Which doctor treats cerebral vessels? Everything related to the problems of their functioning refers to neurology. The work of a neurologist in this situation will be aimed at normalizing blood circulation and restoring the body after a disease.

Head problems are very difficult to diagnose. For a long time the only symptom disease is only headache. In this regard, the question arises not only of how to treat the vessels of the brain, but also how to prevent this from happening. Anyway main prevention can only become Attentive attitude to your own health. The neglect of this problem can be eliminated only with the help of an appropriate operation.

What are the methods of treatment of cerebral vessels?

At an early stage? There are many methods to get rid of diseases of this nature. These include:

a drug course, the action of which is aimed at thinning the blood and preventing the formation of blood clots;
diet (the doctor must select optimal diet a diet that excludes the consumption of fatty foods and salt);
vitaminization, which includes the use of special complexes with vitamins A and B3;
physical exercises;
psychotherapeutic consultations.

What are eye diseases?

Before the doctor determines how to treat the vessels of the eyes, he will establish the degree of danger. Vascular diseases, depending on their stage, can cause irreparable damage to vision. Thrombosis various kinds cause blindness. This is due to the fact that it is also affected central artery, and its offshoots. Treatment of occlusion is a rather complicated and lengthy process. Intervention must be carried out as early as possible. It is better not to hesitate and not try to cope with the disease with the help of folk remedies, but go to a specialist.

How to treat eye vessels?

Treatment of this problem begins with taking a course of specialized drugs. The action of such drugs is aimed at expanding the walls of blood vessels and thinning the blood itself. Exposure in two directions at once contributes to the fact that the main cause of the disease, that is, a blood clot, goes away. Further, how the vessels are treated depends on the condition, more precisely, on the degree of its damage. The next step is hardware treatment in the form of a pressure chamber, laser and other physical influences. Additional drinking required vitamin complex, which includes riboflavin, ascorbic acid and B vitamins.

What are the diseases of the vessels of the lower extremities?

Thrombosis and varicose veins are diseases of the vessels located in the lower extremities. They are the most common in their category, because problems of this nature affect people of all ages and both sexes.

Thrombosis is a blockage of the ducts. Due to the formation of blood clots, the movement of blood through the system worsens. This disease is late stages can lead to total absence patency. The development of a methodology regarding how and how to treat the vessels of the legs depends not only on the disease itself, but also on the location of the problem. Depending on the localization of the thrombus, the doctor chooses methods of treatment. Most often this complex actions that complement each other and together have an enhanced positive impact.

The second disease from this category is varicose veins. The problem is characterized by stagnation of venous blood, which contributes to the expansion and deformation of the walls of the pathways. How vessels are treated for this disease depends on the degree of neglect of the problem.

How to treat thrombosis?

The drug course includes anticoagulants. These are drugs that prevent blood clotting. If the disease is already running, then the medication is supplemented with procedures and therapy. Procedures should help normalize blood circulation and the condition of the vessels themselves. On the very last stage can only save surgical intervention. Most often, it involves the introduction of drugs that thin the blood clot.

What are the treatments for varicose veins?

The best method is the procedural treatment of this disease. A prime example physical impact is sclerotherapy. essence this method consists in the introduction of a special drug that blocks the insufficient valve. Thanks to this, the further spread of the disease is inhibited.

An alternative method would be to cauterize the surface of the vessel with a laser.

How to treat blood vessels folk remedies have known for a long time. One of the techniques has passed today and into traditional medicine. This is hirudotherapy, that is, treatment with leeches. They produce a special substance - hirudin. This substance contributes to the normalization of blood circulation and delays the development of blood clots.

In a more severe form, it is impossible to do without surgical intervention. Veins must be removed with punctures.

But it is best to prevent this disease at an early stage. To do this, you should lead a healthy lifestyle, eat right, exercise moderately and take good care of your feet. Then it will be possible to stop the development of the disease and alleviate the general condition.

How to treat the vessels of the heart?

Before treating the vessels of the brain, it is worth checking the work of another organ - the heart. It is the body's motor that pumps blood into the system. And if the network itself is faulty, then the work of the body will be disrupted. More often, problems with the vessels leading to the heart lead to coronary disease.

When asked how to treat blood vessels at home, the doctor will unequivocally answer that with the help of a special diet. It should not include dishes that provoke the formation of cholesterol plaques. The diet lasts at least six months. The second thing you can do is regular exercise.

The doctor will also prescribe drug treatment. This is a complex of those drugs that provide blood thinning. Additionally, it is recommended to drink drugs aimed at combating cholesterol. These are, for example, Enduracin and Acipimox. But their use is limited, as they have many side effects.

In severe cases, a doctor may prescribe surgery. A cardiologist deals with the treatment of heart vessels.

How to train blood vessels with a contrast shower?

In order not to look for information on how to treat the vessels of the brain, you need to train them. But this can only be done when serious illnesses and problems with the conduction system. Vessels must be tempered very carefully and carefully.

One of the methods is cold and hot shower. Due to a sharp change in temperature, a shock occurs to the vessels, which causes them to contract. Thanks to this, they become cleaner, stronger and more resilient. To begin with, it is worth making the contrast such that it is as comfortable as possible for the body. Over time, the temperature range should be gradually expanded.

To eliminate the possibility of a sharp jump in pressure, you need to drink a glass before a shower. warm water. Start with hot water and end with cold. The normal option is a combination of two hot and three cold sessions. This procedure allows you to cheer up in the morning, and fall asleep in the evening. After a shower, the body should be rubbed with a terry towel.

How to carry out prevention with turpentine?

How to treat broken blood vessels? Modern experts recommend methods that were used in antiquity. One of them is turpentine baths. In the past, wounds, bleeding and pain were treated in this way. Turpentine baths help normalize blood flow, improve vascular function and accelerate metabolic processes in the myocardium. Therapeutic action method is due to the fact that it improves the delivery of the main drugs taken. This allows the use of drugs in a lower dosage.

The action of turpentine is quite aggressive, so you need to use it quite carefully. It is recommended to take a five-minute bath, the water temperature should be up to thirty-seven degrees.

What are the methods of treatment at home?

There is still a lot alternative ways treatment of diseases associated with the cardiovascular system. But before using such methods, it is recommended to consult a doctor, because under certain factors they can not bring benefits, but even more harm to health. These include:

juice therapy;
cone tincture;
taking garlic;
consumption of foods with high content lecithin and omega-3;
ginkgo biloba;
flint water.

However, home therapy is better to prefer visiting a doctor and qualified medical care.

This article will address issues related to vascular problems. You will learn about the main symptoms, signs, methods of prevention and treatment.

Cardiovascular disease is one of the main causes of serious complications and death. Vascular diseases account for 60% of total pathologies, and ranks 4th in the world in terms of frequency of occurrence, according to official medical statistics from the US Institute of Research from 2014. Our circulatory system is quite unique and perfect. The center of this system is the heart, being a pump, it pumps blood continuously. It is connected to an extensive system of arteries, veins of large and small diameters and a network of capillaries. Blood flows through our vessels, carrying oxygen and useful material into organs and tissues. AT young body vessels have a sufficient amount of collagen and substances that help our vessels to remain elastic and have a smooth inner surface. But with age, our blood vessels undergo significant changes. Namely: arteries and veins lose their elasticity and strength, they completely change their structure and composition. The inner surface becomes loose, microcracks appear in it, which further contribute to the occurrence of bleeding and thrombophlebitis of the vessels, the deposition of fatty plaques. Fat deposits appear on the inner surface of the walls, more often these are arteries - atherosclerotic plaques, or atherosclerosis. This is a fairly common occurrence. Atherosclerosis is a common, in most cases hereditary, disease, during which the elastic and muscular type arteries, in the form of growth connective tissue in combination with lipid (fatty) impregnation of the inner lining of the artery, data by D.A. Aronova, 2013

It is important to understand and know what kind of problems can be with the vessels, and their main clinical symptoms and early signs.

Symptoms and signs of vascular problems

Most of all cardiovascular diseases are related in one way or another. Considering normal processes in our body, all useful substances, including cholesterol, the norm of which varies, in our body is 3.3 - 5.5 mmol / l. According to the recommendation European association cardiologists for patients with diseases of the circulatory system, a scheme has been established normal indicators biochemical spectrum of lipids (taking blood from a vein in the laboratory), from 2000. Where is the norm total cholesterol less than 5 mmol/l; LDL cholesterol (low-density lipoprotein, or " bad cholesterol”) is less than 3 mmol/l. HDL cholesterol(high-density lipoprotein, or " good cholesterol”, its high content in the blood is also called “longevity syndrome”) less than 1 mmol / l. It is determined in specialized biochemical laboratories, medical clinics and hospitals. An excess of total cholesterol leads to the formation of atherosclerotic plaques in the lumen of our vessels. Subsequently, they narrow the inner diameter of the lumen of the arteries, which in turn leads to a slowdown in blood circulation, and the formation of blood clots. In the future, organs and entire organ systems that are directly dependent on the blood supply to these vessels do not receive enough nutrients and oxygen.

With significant vascular pathology, most people will develop a number of serious diseases:

hypertonic disease;
atherosclerosis;
neurodiscirculatory-vascular dystonia;
varicose veins;
phlebitis and thrombophlebitis;
cerebrovascular crises;
myocardial infarction and brain;
migraine and migraine attacks;
heart failure;
cardiac ischemia.

Clinical manifestations associated with vascular diseases directly depend on the location and on the organ that is affected. If the affected organ is the heart, then in most cases a person feels pain and a feeling of squeezing behind the sternum in the region of the heart, slight shortness of breath during physical exertion or at rest. With pathology of cerebral vessels, patients experience: memory impairment, weakness in the limbs, dizziness, up to loss of consciousness. If a person has varicose veins veins of the lower extremities, the main manifestations of the disease will be: rapid fatigue and significant pain in the lower extremities, even with minor physical exertion, swelling of the lower leg and feet, the appearance of dilated veins on the skin, the so-called "venous spider veins»

There are a lot of vascular diseases, another example is a significant change in blood circulation in the smallest vessels - capillaries. The person who has this species violations, will notice the first manifestations of a feeling of cold and numbness in the upper and lower extremities, pale skin with a decrease in temperature environment, or being out in the cold. Great importance has a hereditary factor, namely, if in your family one of your relatives suffered from vascular diseases, then remember that this is possible when a series of negative factors show up for you.

Important do not draw independent conclusions about your illness and in no case prescribe yourself self-treatment. Consult your doctor.

Consequently, with vascular disease, there is a significant difficulty in blood circulation in the vessels. In recognizing the malfunctioning of the circulatory system, in particular the vessels, the following clinical signs will help you:

recurring headaches and dizziness;
throbbing pain or pulsation of the veins in the neck, darkening in the eyes, with sharp tilts of the head and changes in body position;
sensation of numbness and coldness in the extremities;
feeling uncomfortable when the weather changes;
a sharp increase or decrease in blood pressure numbers;
a sharp increase (tachycardia) or slowing (bradycardia) of the pulse;
loss of consciousness;
feeling unwell at high temperatures environment;
throbbing pain in the head;

An important point in vascular diseases is their prevention and treatment.

Prevention of vascular problems

Given the difficulties in early detection diseases of the vascular system, most people seek help from specialists at a time when the course of the disease requires urgent and correct therapy. Therefore, prevention of this kind of disease is essential.

An important point in the process of prevention, vascular diseases has always been the correct regimen, balanced and balanced diet. Diet and lifestyle changes are the first and necessary steps to prevent vascular pathology.

The basis of the diet should include enough fresh vegetables and various fruits. It is fundamental to reduce the consumption of total fat and reduce saturated fat, namely, it is necessary to limit the consumption of: butter, margarine, whole milk, cream, pork tenderloin, duck, sausages, cakes, coconut and palm oil, coffee.

It has been proven that today there are a number of food products, when consumed, a person can prevent the occurrence of blood clots, therefore, their mechanism of action is aimed at the anticoagulant abilities of our body, and these substances act as a weak anticoagulant. This includes such products:

all foods containing vitamin K: liver, fish, mushrooms.
black and green teas;
ginger root;
cauliflower;
seafood and seaweed;
avocado;
berries: raspberries, strawberries;
bananas and pineapples, citrus fruits.

Not less than important condition is the reference correct mode sleep and rest (you need to sleep at least 8 hours a day), refusal bad habits, engaging in correct and standardized sports, frequent exposure to fresh air and maintaining active and rational image life.

Treatment of vascular problems

In cases of occurrence, vascular pathology, in which, it is necessary to prescribe only therapeutic treatment, in this situation, it is recommended to immediately seek medical help from a doctor. Only a specialist is able to correctly and rationally install accurate diagnosis, by using latest methods instrumental diagnostics, diseases of the circulatory system and, accordingly, prescribe the correct treatment.

Thus, treatment is based on the principle of appointment medicines, depending on the specific case of vascular disease. Namely, it is necessary to take drugs that affect the metabolism of lipids in the body. In modern medical practice fibrates are widely used: bezafibrate 1 tablet (0.2 g) 3 times a day, for a long time, the doctor selects the timing of admission individually. Fenofibrate (lipantil) 1 capsule (0.2 g) 1 time per day. A nicotinic acid 0.05 g each (up to 3-6 g / day), etc.

We should also not forget to strengthen the vascular wall of blood vessels with a drug such as ascorutin 1 tab. (50 mg.) 2-3 times a day. The course of treatment is 3-4 weeks. Troxerutin at a dose of 60-90 mg / day for 2-4 weeks with varicose veins, thrombophlebitis. Application of multivitamin: duovit 1 tab. per day, kvadevit 1 tab. 1 time per day for a month.

Remember There are a lot of treatment regimens and drugs, but their correct use and dosages are necessary, only after consultation with a specialist, with a specific vascular disease.

An important point is regular visits to specialized clinics and hospitals every six months if a person has vascular pathology. Obtaining appropriate advice and prescribing a treatment regimen.

Maintaining an active lifestyle, special physical exercises and a normalized working day will also have a positive effect on the condition of your blood vessels.

Sources:

Hadronov S.A. " Modern diagnostics and prospects for the diagnosis and treatment of vascular diseases "M. 2005
Esvtratov K.S. "Disease of the circulatory system in the pathology of fat metabolism" L. 2003
Moskalenko V.F. "The main directions of the implementation of programs for the diagnosis and therapy of pathology of the circulatory system" K. 2008

Cardiologist

Higher education:

Cardiologist

Kabardino-Balkarian State University named after A.I. HM. Berbekova, Faculty of Medicine (KBSU)

Level of education - Specialist

Additional education:

"Cardiology"

State Educational Institution "Institute for the Improvement of Doctors" of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of Chuvashia

Vascular diseases develop against the background of failures in the regulation of life support. Various instrumental and laboratory methods are used to diagnose the disease. Vascular treatment is carried out after identifying the cause of the pathology.

Medical indications

The human vascular system transports metabolic products from the heart to other parts of the body and vice versa. Symptoms in vascular diseases indicate the localization of insufficient blood supply.

Conditional classification of ailments:

diseases of the heart and central vessels (aorta);
pathology of peripheral vessels (in the area of the peritoneum, extremities).

With the development of the disease, the structure of the walls is disturbed, blocked nerve fibers regulation of tone, occlusion develops, the lumen widens or narrows. Vascular diseases occur suddenly, accompanied by acute symptoms. If the pathology is formed gradually, then there are no signs.

Specialists highlight the following reasons development of heart and vascular disease:

infectious inflammation with arteritis or thrombophlebitis;
congenital anomaly;
malformation;
thrombosis;
embolism;
atherosclerotic plaque under the musculo-elastic artery;
broken wall structure;
high or low tone.

The causes of the development of vascular disease are associated with the spread of atherosclerosis, dysfunction of the central nervous system, endocrine disruptions, heart failure, beriberi. Pathologies of the vessels of the hands develop against the background of impaired blood flow in the arteries that come from chest to the limbs. Such conditions are associated with narrowing or blockage of blood vessels. Such diseases are rare form in which atherosclerotic plaque forms on the walls of arteries in the upper extremities.

They develop gradually, progressing over time. At the initial stages, the patient's condition does not change. As heart and vascular disease intensifies, a person may complain of discomfort in the hands when performing physical work. If left untreated, sores appear, gangrene of the fingers begins.

Pathologies of the central blood vessels (CS)

The central vessels supply blood to the heart and brain (GM). More often, the manifestation of vascular diseases is associated with a pathological process in the arteries of the GM. At the same time, atherosclerotic plaque contributes to the narrowing of the artery, provoking the formation of blood clots and tissue ischemia.

The latter disease develops against the background of insufficient blood supply to the coronary vessels that feed the myocardium.

Chronic ischemia in humans is manifested by the following symptoms:

An attack of angina pectoris - in the first stages, pain occurs only during exercise, and then at rest. The attack lasts 30 minutes, radiating to left hand, throat, shoulder blade. Treat the disease of cardio-vascular system can be nitropreparations.
Shortness of breath.
Arrhythmia.

Acute myocardial ischemia provokes a heart attack. The defeat of the cardiovascular system depends on the following factors:

ischemia zone;
development of other vessels;
depth of injury.

Such vascular disease leads to general circulatory failure. Signs of pathology are manifested in the form of intense and cutting pain irradiating as in angina pectoris. But in this case, nitroglycerin is ineffective. Shortness of breath can turn into pulmonary edema and suffocation, provoking acute heart failure.

Heart disease may be accompanied by cardiogenic shock caused by secondary lesion vessels. In this case, thromboembolism develops. Treatment of heart vascular pathologies aimed at saving the life of the patient.

MS ischemia

Atherosclerosis cerebral vessels contributes to the development of ischemia of the arteries of the brain. Scientists have proven that the first signs of pathology appear on the walls carotid artery. For example, this one could be an atherosclerotic plaque. With blood retention in the vertebral vessels, the course depends on the condition of the cartilage and bones.

The chronic form of this disease develops in stages and is more often diagnosed in older people. Its main symptoms include migraine, decreased vision and hearing, and insomnia. The acute form is characterized by ischemic stroke, which often occurs in the morning or at night.

Given the localization of the focus, the patient may complain of dizziness and coma, changes in the sensitivity of the limbs, difficulty speaking, difficulty swallowing. It is recommended to treat such a disease of the cardiovascular system by dissolving the thrombus and restoring vascular patency. Therapy will be effective if it is started within the first 6 hours after an attack.

Intravenous (through a dropper) administration of Urokinase, Streptokinase and Fibrinolysin is also shown. Their action is aimed at preventing complications and reducing the ischemic zone. People suffering from ischemia of the cerebral vessels should take vasodilators, sedatives, vitamins, anabolics.

For neurocirculatory dystonia characteristic is the defeat of peripheral arteries against the background of problems in the work of the main departments of the central nervous system. The disease is manifested by headaches, dizziness, fainting, arrhythmia, prolonged constipation or liquid stool. This pathology is diagnosed in adolescents after overwork or infection. Treatment includes a balanced diet, regular physical exercise, taking sedatives.

Pathologies of peripheral CS

Common pathologies peripheral vessels:

obliterating diseases;
atherosclerosis of the arteries of the lower extremities;
varicose veins;
thrombophlebitis;
blockage of deep veins.

With atherosclerosis, there are no areas with obliterated walls in the artery, and corresponding plaques form inside. Leg exposed this disease against the background of autoimmune processes that are inherited. Such a disease of the cardiovascular system often affects middle-aged men. Bad habits have a direct influence on its course. Nicotine has a negative effect on the vessels located along the periphery of the lower extremities.

Endarteritis is a pathology in which the structure of the walls of the joints is disturbed, which contributes to the narrowing of the vascular lumens. Obliterating endarteritis is accompanied by the following symptoms:

convulsions;
pain when walking;
vascular cephalgia;
ulcers and cracks in the skin.

Occlusion in endarteritis often develops in postoperative period. If left untreated, the pathology, like all obliterating vascular diseases, can lead to amputation of the legs. Arteritis, unlike endarteritis, is a pathology of the vessels of the lower leg and feet. More often this disease diagnosed at the age of 20-40 years.

Varicose veins of the lower extremities begin with a loss of tone, which provokes sagging of blood vessels. Such clinical picture accompanied by high fatigue legs, swelling, pain in the feet and calves, the appearance of "spiders" on the skin in the thigh and lower leg.

If diseases of the heart and blood vessels affect the deep veins, then the patient is disturbed by strong and constant pain. The feet turn blue, and thickened plexuses of veins are visible under the skin. Experts believe that varicose veins are a female disease, as they develop during pregnancy. But this pathology can also occur in men of a "sedentary" profession.

Treatment of varicose veins mild degree includes taking tonic drugs, doing gymnastics, wearing compression underwear. Varicose veins in pregnant women can be complicated by hemorrhoids. In this case, a special diet is observed.

At severe course pathology, surgery is performed. The technique is selected by the doctor, taking into account the diameter and depth of vascular damage:

sclerotherapy;
radiofrequency ablation;
removal of the entire vein.

The course and therapy of thrombophlebitis

Thrombophlebitis is a complication of varicose veins, in which the inflamed area turns red and swells. On palpation, the patient experiences severe pain. The disease often affects the superficial veins of the legs and arms. The patient may have an increase in body temperature. This disease of the heart and blood vessels is characterized by dangerous consequence, as a detachment of a part of a blood clot. The resulting embolus can enter right atrium and pulmonary artery causing a heart attack or instant death.

This complication occurs more often after surgery. Therefore, before surgical intervention prevention of vascular diseases is indicated: taking anticoagulants, tight bandaging of the lower extremities.

A large ulcer on the lower leg is manifested by the lost function of nourishing the skin and muscles. If the pathology is severe, gangrene of the toes is possible. Therapy is aimed at preventing tissue necrosis. Thrombophlebitis is severe against the background of atherosclerosis of the femoral artery, diabetes mellitus.

For diagnostics venous system foot specialists use the following methods:

ultrasound dopplerography;
duplex scanning;
phlebography.

The standard for detecting thrombophlebitis and other pathologies of the cardiovascular system is considered to be an X-ray contrast technique. Using ultrasound angioscanning, the doctor can determine the location of the thrombus, its extent and the nature of the pathology.

When conducting retrograde iliocavagraphy, a catheter is used, which is inserted into the iliac vein. exact method diagnosis of pathologies is spiral CT and MRI. If venous thrombosis is suspected, laboratory tests are prescribed.

Surgery

For acute form superficial thrombophlebitis surgery is used if the size of the clot exceeds the level of the middle third of the thigh. The Troyanov-Trendellenburg method is considered a classic operation. Rarely, crossectomy is performed.

In the first case, the doctor bandages the great saphenous vein, crossing its trunk in the wound area. This prevents the spread of the disease to the femoral vein. During crossectomy, the orifices of the large vein are additionally isolated and tied up. This operation eliminates reflux by safeno-femoral fistula. In acute deep vein thrombosis, which is accompanied by flotation, surgical treatment is performed.

Otherwise, occlusive diseases require the use of compression garments; gels that tonic and strengthen the walls of blood vessels; treatment of the underlying disease. The patient is recommended to undergo a course of massage and drug therapy (statins).

But similar treatment will not give the proper result if you do not follow a diet. The latter therapy is aimed at normalizing weight and cholesterol levels in the blood. It is recommended to refuse products with animal fats. The menu includes foods with fiber, which improve bowel activity, contributing to the removal of cholesterol.

Preventive measures

Therapy for vascular and heart diseases depends on the cause that caused them and the stage of the course. It is recommended to change the habitual way of life. Therapeutic exercise has a positive effect on the course of pathology. It is required to completely abandon bad habits. If the disease was provoked by hypodynamia, then therapy takes into account the change of profession.

Prevention of diseases of the heart and blood vessels is aimed at maintaining the tone of the walls. Therefore, it is necessary to eat fruits and vegetables. If atherosclerosis of the arteries is detected, fatty and fried foods, sweets and alcoholic beverages are excluded from the patient's menu. Mandatory Products are:

lean fish;
milk and its derivatives.

Smoking is considered a serious obstacle in the treatment of pathologies of the heart and blood vessels. Movement is the key to a healthy vascular system. Daily moderate exercise contributes to the activation of blood flow in the capillaries and veins in the periphery. It is not recommended to lift weights and engage in heavy sports. You can swim, get involved in Pilates and walking.

If symptoms of diseases of the vascular and cardiac systems appear, it is recommended to consult with a general practitioner, surgeon, neurosurgeon, cardiologist, phlebologist. Prompt treatment will prevent dangerous complications and sudden death.

Vessels are a kind of transport network of the body. Blood moves along it, delivering oxygen and nutrients to all organs and tissues. This circulatory transport network in an adult is ninety-five thousand kilometers. Every day, seven thousand liters of blood move through it. That is why the main place in the human body is occupied by blood vessels. Their treatment in case of damage should be entrusted only to specialists.

Causes of the disease

Neurocircular dystonia. Vessels begin to narrow and expand randomly.
Hypertension over time, if left untreated, it can lead to atherosclerosis of the vessels.
Lots of bad cholesterol.
stressful situations. In order to recover from stress, you will need a large amount of steroid hormones. For this to happen, the liver begins to produce large amounts of cholesterol. Part of it goes "to work", and part settles on the walls of blood vessels.
Smoking. Cigarette smoke damages the lining of arteries. It needs blood cells to heal. But not only they are delayed, cholesterol, thrombin, fibrinogen get there with them. Over time, the vessels can become impassable, the blood pulsation stops.
Exchange disorder.
The appearance of a thrombus. AT healthy body its occurrence is almost not dangerous, it dissolves under the influence of nutrients. If the body is weakened, a blood clot can clog damaged vessels.

Symptoms

The work of the human body depends on the state of the vessels. Treatment of the circulatory transport system is related to the symptoms that occur. Now let's talk about what are the signs of the disease. Most often, they begin to appear after forty years and depend on which organ vessels are damaged. Common symptoms include:

Constant dizziness. They occur when the brain is poorly supplied with oxygen.
Headache.
Fainting.
Heat intolerance.
Hands and feet are cold.
Heartbeat quickened.
An ache in the joints.
Well-being depends on weather conditions.
Decreased sexual function.
The pressure is dropping.

In addition, hearing begins to gradually decrease, sleep worsens, it becomes worse memory, often makes noise in the ears, periodically staggers when walking, speech is sometimes incomprehensible. There is pain in the legs, in the evening they swell, at night there are cramps in the muscles of the legs, they become insensitive, their skin color changes.

Vascular disease of the lower extremities

The most common ailments associated with vascular disorders include:

Varicose veins.
Venous insufficiency.
Thrombophlebitis.
Thrombosis.
Lymphostasis.
Vasculitis.
Trophic ulcers.
Acute obstruction of the arteries.
diabetic angiopathy.
Stasis dermatitis.
Hyperpigmentation.

Treatment of vessels of the lower extremities occurs as follows. Experts recommend complex therapy. The main activities used in this regard are as follows:

Holding exercise that regulate blood circulation in the limbs.
Constant wearing of a special elastic bandage.
The use of tonic gels that strengthen the walls of blood vessels.
Drink more, it is good if herbal infusions are used for these purposes.
Great option - vodka compress. Thanks to him, you can remove the swelling.

In addition, the treatment of vessels of the lower extremities includes the use of medications. The doctor approaches each appointment individually, depending on the diagnosis, the complexity of the disease and its stage.

Cerebral vascular diseases

Impaired coordination, incoherent speech, dizziness, tinnitus are the first signs that the vessels of the brain are damaged. Symptoms and treatment are interrelated. The treatment program depends on the severity of the disease, which will be aimed at restoring blood circulation.

Complete examination of the patient: blood test, its viscosity, ultrasound doppler.
The appointment of drugs leading to an improvement in vascular microcirculation and lowering cholesterol levels.
If necessary, a course of physiotherapy is prescribed.

If we talk about drugs, then in this case, the number one salvation worth remembering is the ordinary medicine Aspirin. This remedy perfectly thins the blood and counteracts the formation of blood clots.

If the vessels are damaged, treatment without medicines will be ineffective. In order to return the “blood transport network” of the brain to normal, the following medications are prescribed:

"Vinkamine" - improves blood circulation, has a sedative effect.
"Cavinton" - dilates blood vessels, reduces platelet aggregation.
"Cinnarizine" - improves cerebral circulation.
"No-shpa", "Dibazol" - relieve spasms of blood vessels.

Treatment of the vessels of the head and neck is also possible with the help of traditional medicine, but we will talk about this a little later.

Damaged vessels of the heart

The heart is the engine of our body. And it’s bad if faulty “equipment” approaches it. That is why great attention is paid to the vessels that lead to this organ.

If they are damaged, then a disease such as coronary heart disease cannot be avoided.

How is the treatment of the vessels of the heart?

The first thing to do is to follow a diet. The amount of cholesterol should be kept to a minimum.

The second is to lead active image life.

Drugs that are used for treatment should provide blood thinning. They are prescribed after six months of dieting. If the case is particularly severe, then an operation is prescribed.

But, as mentioned above, the main task is to lower cholesterol. To help the body cope with this task, the specialist prescribes the following medications:

"Enduracin".
"Acipimox".

They will have to be taken in large doses, they have many side effects.

Don't Forget the Plants

Treatment of vessels with folk remedies is widely used in practice. Here are a few recipes that can not only improve your health, but also contribute to a full recovery.

Grind a head of garlic and one lemon on a grater. Pour the mixture with one liter of boiled water. You insist for two days. Take one tablespoon four times a day.

Fifteen minutes before meals, drink half a glass of fresh cabbage leaf juice.
Do not forget to eat apples and drink radish juice.
Take ten grams of birch bark, add ash leaves to it and boil everything in one liter of water for ten minutes. Strain and drink one glass of decoction in the morning on an empty stomach.
Instead of tea, you can brew twenty grams of hawthorn in one glass of boiling water. You insist two hours.

Do not be afraid to use traditional medicine recipes if you have damaged blood vessels. Treatment in this way, although it has been tested for centuries, still try to carry it out under the supervision of a specialist.

Disease prevention

If there has been a violation of the blood system of the body associated with the heart, lower limbs, or the vessels of the brain are damaged, the symptoms and treatment for each of these diseases are different. But there are several rules that should be followed not only during treatment, but also for prevention:

Lead the right way of life.

Healthy food.
More movement and less stress.
Every morning - exercises, every evening - a walk.
Give up alcohol and smoking.
Eat less salt and more vegetables and fruits.
Visit your doctor regularly for preventive check-ups.
Take vitamins that help strengthen blood vessels.
To raise the tone, douse yourself alternately with cold and warm water.

Expert advice: To prevent cardiovascular disease, consume two tablespoons of olive oil every day.

Only in this case will your blood vessels be healthy. They don't need treatment. No cholesterol plaques will clog them. After all, they say the truth: it is better to prevent a disease than to treat it later.

Conclusion

In most cases, our health depends on us. Vascular disease is proof of that. After all, it is worth once again giving up fatty, sweet, salty, bitter, and cholesterol plaques can leave us forever. And if you devote a little more time to sports, then your health every day will be simply excellent.

Compliance with very simple rules will exclude the appearance of the most complex diseases, which may lead to dire consequences. So let's at least try to follow these rules.

It's no secret that all diseases, in particular vascular diseases, have noticeably rejuvenated. Today, even a child can suffer from any pathology of the cardiovascular system, although earlier diseases of the heart and blood vessels were diagnosed mainly in older people. age category. Such diseases are very dangerous. In addition, according to statistics, the highest mortality is observed precisely among people who have been diagnosed with vascular disease.

The causes and symptoms of CVS pathologies can be very diverse. Everything will depend on the specific disease. In any case, if alarming symptoms appear (we will talk about it later), you should immediately seek the help of a phlebologist. It is this specialist who deals with the treatment of vascular diseases.

The human body is equipped large quantity venous and vascular networks. There is no such organ in the human body that would not depend on lymph and blood circulation. Vessels are a kind of pipeline. Vascular mesh responsible for transporting the necessary products to all organs. Arteries deliver everything necessary substances, in particular oxygen, to all organs. Venous vessels responsible for collecting saturated carbon dioxide blood and its delivery to the heart and liver. An exception to this case are the blood vessels of the lungs.

People who suffer from such diseases complain of the appearance of the most different symptoms caused by damage to both vessels of certain organs, in particular, the brain, kidneys, intestines and muscles.

Pathologies of the vascular system are characterized by:

varicose veins;
blanching, redness or cyanosis of the dermis and mucous membranes;
increase or decrease in temperature;
appearance on skin cracks, erosions and ulcers;
pathological pulsation of the arteries;
asymmetric (local) lymphedema limbs and trunk;
violation of the integrity of the vascular walls: the appearance of hematomas, cyanosis, spider veins;
bleeding;
malaise;
chronic fatigue;
irritability.

Methods of examination of peripheral vessels include palpation, auscultation and inspection. During the examination, special attention is paid to the pulsation of certain arteries.

In some cases, you can see the artery itself, which does not run deep. This is due to its increased pulsation. On examination, it is also possible to detect focal expansion of small peripheral vessels or telangiectasias - a large number dark red vascular nodes. In addition, tortuosity of the arteries is revealed. This is due to the loss of elasticity and elongation (due to pulse shocks).

Inspection of blood vessels vascular diseases is carried out throughout the periphery of the body. There is an expansion of the cervical vessels, vessels of the anterior peritoneum and vessels of the legs (phlebitis, thrombophlebitis, varicose veins).

Quite often, patients have lymphatic edema of the legs, genitals, hands and face. The appearance of lymphostasis is due to congenital anomalies, obstruction of the lymphatic tract due to inflammation, trauma, surgery.

Localization of swelling in lymphostasis - foot or lower leg. The swelling is not permanent. The appearance and increase of edema is determined, as a rule, by the season (summer, spring) and the load. Puffiness decreases in autumn-winter or after a long rest.

In addition, edema may increase due to an inactive lifestyle, professional activity, which is associated with prolonged stay on the legs, and frequent stressful situations.

Skin with vascular pathologies normal color. The vascular network is poorly expressed. In addition, with ailments of the vessels, pronounced swelling is noted. Pits at the moment of pressure do not remain. There is a tendency to inflammation, provoking a deterioration in the course of the pathology, and its progression.

Capillary pulse refers to the rhythmic reddening and blanching of the nail. A similar pulse is also characterized by a change in the color of the forehead (if you rub it with something). Such a pulse can also be observed on the lips when pressing on them with a glass.

Allocate true and precapillary pulse. The appearance of the true is determined varying degrees vein filling. Such a pulse can be observed in people suffering from a pathology such as thyrotoxicosis, as well as in young people in case of a strong increase in temperature.

As for the precapillary pulse, it appears exclusively in people suffering from aortic valve insufficiency.

Pathological changes in the vessels are caused, as a rule:

inflammatory and infectious diseases (arteritis, thrombophlebitis);
congenital pathologies and anomalies;
deposition of atherosclerotic plaques;
embolism;
aneurysms;
autoallergic inflammatory processes ( obliterating endarteritis);
blood pathologies;
beriberi;
diabetes mellitus;

The central vessels are responsible for the blood supply to the heart and brain. Often, the occurrence of ailments is due to atherosclerotic processes in the cerebral and coronary arteries. The consequences of the formation of cholesterol plaques include arterial stenosis, tissue ischemia and susceptibility to increased blood clots.

The main ailments of the central vessels include: ischemic heart disease, cerebral ischemia, neurocirculatory dystonia.

Pathology occurs as a response to a lack of incoming blood in the vessels, which is responsible for the nutrition of the heart muscle. The disease is characterized by the appearance of intense retrosternal pain. Initially, pain occurs only with exertion. In the future, it occurs even at rest. Pain can be given to the left arm, throat, jaw, shoulder blade. The attack is eliminated after taking nitropreparations. In addition, with IHD, complaints of shortness of breath and rapid pulse are received.

The acute form of ischemia is fraught with the development of a heart attack - a dangerous tissue damage. Pain intensifies, becomes cutting. It is also possible the transition of shortness of breath to suffocation and pulmonary edema. You can relieve the attack with the help of Nitroglycerin.

As for a common heart attack, it is characterized by the appearance cardiogenic shock, which in turn is fraught with secondary vascular damage. Treatment in this case is aimed at saving life.

As for cerebral ischemia, the development of this disease is determined not only by atherosclerosis, but also by injuries. spinal column. Development chronic ischemia gradual. Often, pathology is found in elderly people. The disease is accompanied by the appearance of:

dizziness;
headaches;
staggering when walking;
decrease in the quality of hearing and vision;
insomnia;
irritability;
gradual loss of memory.

The acute form of the pathology is fraught with ischemic stroke. In addition, there are complaints about the occurrence of the following symptoms: mental disorders, speech difficulties, paralysis, dizziness, coma.

For the treatment of the disease, vasodilating and sedatives, vitamins.

What about neurocirculatory dystonia, then this ailment is an excellent example of damage to the arteries due to malfunctions in the functioning of the central nervous system. This disease manifests itself:

a slight increase in temperature;
nausea;
headaches;
a slight decrease or increase in blood pressure;
fainting spells;
dizziness;
loss of appetite.

More than 70% of urban residents suffer from this pathology. It is found even in children and adolescents. The development of the disease is often due to overwork and past infections. Therapy consists of following a diet, taking medications, maintaining an active and healthy lifestyle life.

The most common peripheral vascular disease is thrombophlebitis, varicose veins, atherosclerosis of the legs, obliterating arteritis of the legs.

Obliteration is due to:

nonspecific inflammation of the wall;
genetic predisposition;
smoking.

Any person can develop pathology, but representatives are more susceptible to its occurrence. strong half society. The appearance of atherosclerosis is more susceptible to the elderly.

The disease manifests itself with acute pain in the calves, convulsions, cold extremities, increased soreness at the time of walking, trophic changes in the dermis, "intermittent claudication".

As for varicose veins, in this case there are complaints about aching pain in the feet and calves, swelling of the feet in the evening, fatigue lower extremities, the appearance of red spiders on the dermis of the lower leg and thigh.

With the defeat of deep veins, an increase in symptoms is noted. Pain worries the patient constantly. In addition, there is blueness of the feet and translucence of thickened venous plexuses.

Varicose veins are referred to female pathologies. This is due to: constant wear stiletto heels, pregnancy and stress on the pelvic organs. However, it should be understood that the development of varicose veins in representatives of the strong half of society is also not excluded.

A special form of the disease is hemorrhoids, characterized by constant itching and burning in the anus, bursting pains, bleeding. For the treatment of varicose veins, the use of gymnastics, ointments, the use of compression underwear and the use of medications are prescribed.

Pathologies of peripheral vessels in the later stages are fraught with gangrene of the toes and upstream departments.

In order to prevent the occurrence of vascular ailments, it is necessary to maintain the tone of the walls of blood vessels. The first thing to change is the diet. The consumption of vegetables and fruits, dairy products and fish is recommended. Eating fried, fatty, spicy, smoked foods is not welcome.

Moreover, it is necessary to give up bad habits, in particular, smoking. Remember, the key to healthy joints is movement. Find something to your liking. Swim, run or bike. Start each new day with a charge. Only in this way can you prevent the development of dangerous pathologies.

Cerebral vascular disease: symptoms and therapy

Cerebral vascular diseases are quite common today. According to statistics, the development of vascular pathologies and diseases associated with blood supply affects more than 80% of the world's population. The leading cause of vascular damage is the modern lifestyle. Many adolescents are familiar with the manifestations of VVD and hypertension.

Diseases of the vessels of the brain for a certain time do not manifest themselves at all. Moreover, few give special meaning headaches or fatigue. However, it is important to understand that even a slight malaise or dizziness may indicate the presence of cerebrovascular disease.

In the event of such, it would seem, minor symptoms need to seek the help of a doctor. Do not use folk remedies or medications in the fight against headaches. This may cause the condition to worsen. You can take any medications with the knowledge and appointment of a qualified specialist.

What are the manifestations of cerebrovascular disease

The development of coronary artery disease or dyscirculatory encephalopathy, sclerosis of cerebral vessels is accompanied by:

frequent migraines;
pre-fainting states;
a decrease or increase in blood pressure;
insomnia;
impaired coordination of movements;
malaise;
numbness of the limbs, loss of sensation.

Vascular damage can be triggered by a genetic predisposition, an inactive lifestyle, the presence of addictions, diabetes, pathologies of the spinal column, and blood diseases.

Therapy of vascular pathologies of the brain

If you experience anxiety symptoms, seek medical attention immediately. Therapy of vascular pathologies should be appropriate and timely. Treatment for IHD is:

restoration of physiological and behavioral functions. The use of massage, magnetotherapy, electrophoresis, physiotherapy exercises;
stabilization of blood pressure and prevention of strokes. Anticoagulants and drugs that promote vasodilation are prescribed;
normalization of metabolic processes and blood circulation.

For the treatment of dyscirculatory encephalopathy, antihypoxants, nootropics, and agents based on nicotinic acid are prescribed.

Diseases of the vessels of the legs and arms: types, as well as causes of diseases of the vessels of the upper and lower extremities

According to the statistical data of the pathology of the cardiovascular system - the most common cause of death. Today, more and more diseases of the vessels of the legs are diagnosed even in adolescents.

The most common and dangerous diseases of the vessels of the legs include:

atherosclerosis;
phlebeurysm;
endarteritis;
vascular obstruction;
blockage of deep veins;
thrombosis.

A chronic disease, the development of which is caused by a violation of lipid metabolism and the deposition of cholesterol plaques on the vascular walls, is called atherosclerosis. In the future, there is a narrowing of the vascular lumen. This is the main harbinger of IHD.

The second, no less dangerous disease, characterized by an imperceptible contraction of blood vessels until they are completely blocked, is called endarteritis. develop this disease vessels of the legs can be both in a woman and a man, regardless of age.

One more thing no less dangerous disease- varicose veins. The causes and manifestations of pathology were mentioned earlier. Ignoring the manifestations of the disease is fraught with the development of venous insufficiency.

As for the blockage of deep veins, this ailment is accompanied by the formation of blood clots in the legs, quickly developing edema, local increase in temperature, soreness, arterial contractions.

One more dangerous disease leg vessels is thrombosis. This disease is a companion of varicose veins.

The treatment of pathologies of the vessels of the extremities can only be qualified specialist. Therapy of pathology depends on the stage of the disease and the condition of the patient. In addition to the use of medications, diet, wearing compression bandages, and the use of compresses are prescribed.

Conditions characterized by impaired circulation in the arteries that run from the chest to upper limbs, due to narrowing or blockage of blood vessels, diseases are very rare.

Often, their appearance and progression is very slow and in the early stages of the disease do not appear at all. In the future, pain in the hands may appear. Ignoring this or that disease is fraught with the appearance of ulcers and gangrene.

In addition to atherosclerosis, damage to the vessels of the hands can be due to:

Buerger's disease. Characterized by the development inflammatory process in small vessels. Often occurs in smokers.
Takayasu's disease. Asian women are more susceptible to the development of this autoimmune disease.
Raynaud's disease. A condition characterized hypersensitivity fingers to cold exposure.
collagenoses.
Embolism - blockage of an artery due to the penetration of a blood clot into it.
Frostbite.
Breast cancer.

Pathologies of the vessels of the hands are characterized by: soreness, convulsions, fatigue in the hands, blanching and cooling of the dermis of the hands. A common manifestation of ailments is numbness of the fingers.

All vascular pathologies are very dangerous. They can lead to disastrous consequences if they are not treated in time. Therefore, do not hesitate when the above symptoms appear. The sooner the therapy of the disease begins, the sooner the recovery will come and the better the prognosis will be.