What to do to grow new teeth. Methods for the regeneration of new teeth in humans: cultivation according to Shichko, Norbekov and with the help of modern technologies

For the first time in Moscow! Growing teeth from stem cells!!! August 27th, 2011

Frankly, I was very tired of this kind of sensations, periodically appearing even in very serious publications. And even more interesting are all kinds of conspiracy theories, such as: "Dentists deliberately slow down the introduction of growing teeth from stem cells, because they are afraid of being left without a job."
Excuse me, but if not dentists do this, then who will perform such procedures?

Let's take a sober look at the technology of "growing teeth" from stem cells and evaluate its prospects.

A little matan

Few people know that teeth are derivatives of epithelial tissues. Yes, teeth have a common origin with hair, nails and brains. Moreover, teeth are formed in a very, very specific way.

You know that a tooth is made up of hard and soft tissues. Soft tissue is the pulp, in other words, the “nerve”, which is located inside the tooth, in a special cavity. The pulp is of mesenchymal origin, in other words, it is formed from a completely different embryonic layer and has nothing to do with enamel or cementum.
The pulp contains odontoblast cells that form dentin, as well as blood vessels and nerve fibers that feed them.
While the formation of teeth occurs, odontoblasts produce the so-called. primary dentine. After teething, this process is very slow (secondary dentin is formed), and in case of any damage to the tooth, the response is the formation of tertiary dentin on the side of the damage.
In other words, dentin is capable of regeneration, since odontoblast cells remain throughout their lives in the pulp chamber.

The basis of the tooth, both in terms of volume and weight, is dentin. It is a porous hard tissue, something like a honeycomb structure, in the channels of which there are processes of odontoblasts. As soon as caries reaches the dentin, the infection spreads very, very quickly along these very dentinal tubules and inflammation occurs in the pulp of the tooth, which we call pulpitis. That is why the development of pulpitis DOES NOT ALWAYS require direct communication of the carious cavity with the pulp chamber of the tooth.

Tooth enamel is the hardest tissue in the human body. It is much harder than steel and experiences incomparable loads.
Enamel is formed by ameloblast cells, which, unlike odontoblasts, are present only during the period of tooth formation in the tooth germ, and disappear after tooth eruption.
That is why the enamel does not regenerate and is not restored when damaged (for example, during caries).
Tooth enamel from a microscopic point of view is very complex. It consists of three-dimensionally twisted so-called enamel prisms, the structure of which largely determines its strength and resistance to caries.
Enamel covers the crown part of the tooth, giving it a characteristic color and transparency. Therefore, the first sign of damage to the enamel, a violation of its structure, is a change in the color and transparency of the teeth.

The root of the tooth is covered with cement. Cement is harder than dentine, but much softer than enamel. Cement is formed during the period of tooth formation by cementoblast cells, a small amount of which remains in the periodontium even after teething. Cement, like enamel, is not capable of regeneration.
Periodontal fibers are woven into the cementum of the root - very strong connective tissue ligaments, which, as it were, hang the tooth in the hole. In other words, a healthy tooth does not directly contact the bone at all.
The periodontium is needed to absorb the masticatory load, it also feeds the cement of the tooth root.

Cementoblasts, like ameloblasts, are of epithelial origin.

Why am I telling you all this? To make it clear to you how complex each of your teeth is and how many tissues and cells are involved in its formation and development. Therefore, in order to recreate a full-fledged tooth from stem cells, we need to carry out the entire process of tooth formation in a test tube.

Now a little about stem cells.

Now even schoolchildren know that a stem cell is such a protocell from which any cell in the body can be obtained. And that our blood contains a certain amount of these same stem cells in a "sleeping" state.

That is, in order to grow something similar to an organ or tissue from stem cells, we need:

a) isolate the right amount of stem cells from the blood.
b) force the stem cell to differentiate in the right direction. In other words, something needs to be done so that when it divides, it turns into the cell we need - a hepatocyte, an osteoblast, an ameloblast, a neuron, etc.

And, if modern science more or less copes with the first task, then the second task is a serious problem.

Some time ago, mediators were discovered - special hormone-like substances that affect cell differentiation. Having processed the culture of stem cells with the necessary mediator, you can make it turn into liver, kidney or cartilage tissue - it all depends on which mediator is used.
So, our body consists of hundreds of different cells, and mediators are open only to some of them. For example, mediators are known that cause a stem cell to turn into a hepatocyte (the main tissue of the liver) or an erythrocyte.

There is another way to force stem cells to divide in the right direction. For example, plant a stem cell culture directly into an organ and wait to see what happens. It is on this method that the so-called. "stem cell therapy", which is now widely promoted in medicine. It is difficult to talk about the clinical and reliable effectiveness of such techniques, since it is still unclear whether anything, if anything, grows there.
Therefore, if you ever come across "cell therapy", especially in cosmetology - be careful. Well, we'll talk about this in a separate topic.

Let's get back to our sheep's teeth.

If we want to recreate a full-fledged tooth, we need to get the stem cells to divide in the right direction. So that they get:
1. Ameloblasts
2. Cementoblasts
3. Odontoblasts
4. Pulp fibroblasts, vascular cells, pulp nerve fibers
5. Periodontal fibroblasts

Moreover, our goal is not a shapeless cell culture. but the creation of an organ of a certain form.
In this regard, it is much easier to grow a liver or kidney from stem cells than a tooth. Since the shape of the liver, whether it is round or square, does not depend on its performance, while the functionality of the tooth is determined primarily by its shape.

And here comes another problem. All teeth (and there are thirty-two of them, if you remember) have a different shape, although they do not differ in cellular structure from each other. How to make a canine or a large molar out of a grown tooth? What determines its form and purpose? This question is still open and there is no unequivocal opinion on it.

Let us suppose, we managed to grow a tooth of the desired shape and size. And it's not just identical to a real tooth. He is alive! And now it needs to be transplanted into the place of the missing tooth.

For a while I did. That is, he transplanted eights to the place of the removed sixth teeth and watched what would come of it. You can read more about this. This technique has not received and will not receive clinical distribution (due to low clinical efficiency), so my work in this direction can be attributed more to science than to practice.

Also I often have to have . And I can say that even with a perfect match of the tooth to the hole, the engraftment process is not always successful. Although, sometimes.

It is clear that replanting a dislocated tooth or transplanting a wisdom tooth into a pre-prepared hole is much easier than integrating a tooth grown in a test tube. However, we still have not learned how to implant dislocated teeth with a 100% guarantee, not to mention the transplantation of our own teeth! What kind of implantation of artificially grown teeth can we talk about?

That is, even if all obstacles are overcome and we can grow teeth in a test tube, the problem of integrating these teeth into a living organism will remain unresolved.

HOWEVER, there is a way out. it is possible to transplant not a grown tooth, but, say, a tooth germ at an early stage. And then just wait until the tooth erupts. It seems like everything is very simple, but ... here, too, a number of unsolvable difficulties arise.
Firstly, it is not yet possible to stimulate the development of tooth germs and tooth growth. Research in this area is underway, but with varying success.
Secondly, the question of differentiation of the teeth themselves arises. It will be a shame if a wisdom tooth or something similar grows from a germ transplanted in place of a missing incisor.
Thirdly, how to organize the nutrition of the rudiments? Under natural conditions, their blood supply is provided by a network of thin vessels, which then turn into the neurovascular bundle of the pulp. How to do something like this is a very, very difficult question, unsolvable even in the foreseeable future.

Now periodically there are reports of teeth grown from stem cells that were successfully transplanted into the same mice. And it seems like these teeth even work ....
But ... there are several nuances that are not reported in the press, or are reported in passing.

Firstly, these most experimental teeth are grown on a ceramic matrix. This is how future teeth are differentiated and shaped.
Secondly, there is no tissue differentiation in these teeth. That is, they do not contain pulp, enamel, cement, etc. It is just a ceramic frame filled with fibroblasts. And they cannot be called full-fledged teeth.
Thirdly, the dentition of mice differs significantly from the dentoalveolar system of humans. At least by the fact that in rodents, teeth grow throughout their lives, and therefore their ability to regenerate and restore dental tissue is higher.
Fourth, there have been no reports of growing and transplanting functionally active teeth (those that are actually used in chewing), such as incisors, into rodents. Usually they try to grow and transplant molars, premolars, the functionality of which in mice (unlike humans) is not high.

Therefore, these technologies are not applicable in practical medicine and have applied scientific value.

Well and, the last - the price of a question.
I think it is unlikely that tooth growing will be in demand in general medical practice, if only because of the cost of the technology. See how much dental implantation costs now and how much work and time it takes. With stem cell teeth, everything will be much more complicated and expensive. And if now the cost of a dental implantation operation in Moscow is, on average, one thousand US dollars, then in our case, the cost of stem cell sampling alone will cost so much. And this, mind you, is the cheapest procedure at cost.

Therefore, growing teeth from stem cells, like radishes in the garden, is the fate of the far, far future. And even if such a technology becomes possible in about fifty or a hundred years, then we are unlikely to be able to afford teeth grown in a test tube, because their price will be very high.

So take care of what you have! And if something is missing, think about dental implants. The foreseeable dental future lies precisely in this promising direction.

Thank you for your attention.

Sincerely, Stanislav Vasiliev.

Scientists are now developing ways to grow human teeth from stem cells. What technologies they have at their disposal, and what the price of the issue will be for an ordinary patient, we will try to describe below.

The loss of even one tooth in a row becomes tangible both on an emotional and physiological level. They try to restore a smile and chewing function through implantation and prosthetics. But, it is quite possible that very soon doctors will offer not an artificial substitute, but natural tissues, the survival rate of which will be many times higher.

Historical facts

In dentistry, they have long thought about how to make a tooth grow into the jaw as many times as necessary. After all, nature has laid down only two such periods - the eruption of milk units and their change to permanent ones.

The first scientific developments on the cultivation of teeth in humans began in 2002 in the UK. Six-month-old piglets and rats were used for the experiment. Pamela Yelik performed the following manipulations:

1. She took immature cells of dental tissue from animals and placed them in special enzymes.
2. When they became formed, they were transferred to a polymer plate, which decomposed under the influence of developing cells.
3. The full-fledged rudiments already created in this way were implanted into the soft tissues of rats.
4. Three months later, it was possible to notice the crowns that appeared above the gum.

True, the teeth grown in this way had their drawbacks - the dentin turned out to be defective, the enamel was absent, and the root was not fully formed.

Based on these data, Japan decided to move forward. In 2007, they conducted an experiment at the Tokyo University of Science under the direction of Takashi Tsuji. Here mice acted as experimental subjects. And although it turned out to achieve complete formation, nevertheless, we had to work extra on the dental roots.

The experiment continued two years later, when the Japanese decided to use a different technology. To do this, they used certain mouse cells that are responsible for the growth and development of teeth from nature. They were placed in a collagen medium and stimulated growth. After transplanting to the site of the removed unit, scientists were able to achieve the germination of a full-fledged tooth. At the same time, not only the desired structure of the crown and root was created, but also the neurovascular bundle of the pulp.

gene responsible for tooth growth

Scientists drew attention to the genes that regulate the number of units in an adult, their appearance, order, the presence of rudiments, structure and eruption time. Physicians at the University of Zurich took up this issue closely.

Thus, it was found that a gene called Jagged2 and the Notch chromosome are responsible for the growth of units on the jaw. They work in pairs, and when the first one stops performing its function, the second gives errors.

Another gene, Osr2, is responsible for the formation of the structure and position of the tooth crown. And if you somehow turn it off, then they begin to appear in the wrong and unexpected places, grow with obvious deformations, or even become a wolf's mouth.

A gene called Msx1 completely controls the laying of the buds of future teeth. It is thanks to him that we first have 20 milk units, and then they change to permanent ones at the right time, and then another 12 grow. True, not all people have the rudiments formed completely and correctly.

Interestingly, if you turn off the above genes, except for the last one, then single teeth can still erupt. But if the work of Msx1 is disrupted, then even the rudiments are not formed at all. Therefore, scientists took into service that this particular gene should be used for self-growing teeth.

rudiments

As a continuation of the study on the restoration of the dentition in this way, Professor Mitsiadis came to the conclusion that gene activity should be used in conjunction with stem cells taken from the rudiments of dental tissues. It is their common work that will lead to the formation of a full-fledged unit.

Stem cells are able to regenerate damaged tissues, replace the lost parts with their own division, so this method can become a real breakthrough in the world of natural tooth restoration.

A well-thought-out method in theory is as simple as possible:

• the withdrawn stem cell is placed in the alveolar cavity, from which the tooth has previously fallen out or removed;
• after some time, an embryo is formed at this place, similar to the one that appears in the embryo;
• then there is a process of its growth, development and eruption, which, according to sensations, should resemble a similar period in childhood.

It is obvious that this method of growing teeth from stem cells resembles their natural appearance as much as possible. As a result, the unit is formed fully formed, in its place and has all the structural elements.

But there are also a number of shortcomings in the practical use of the method:

• Every year a person has less and less stem cells, and if at the age of 25 there can still be 1 in 100 thousand, then at a more mature age only 1 in 500,000 is found.
• The removal of such a cell itself turns out to be a difficult and very painful process. The task for scientists so far is to find an easier way to collect material.

Experiments in progress

The most successful developments in growing teeth have shown that this is possible, since there are already certain achievements:

• thus formed, the crown fully corresponds to the natural structure;
• the anatomical structure of the grown tooth also corresponds to the natural one and contains all the necessary elements - the neurovascular bundle, pulp, dentin and enamel;
• the hardness and strength of the formed tissues is so high that it makes it possible to perform all the functional loads of the jaw.

But the disadvantage is still the size of the grown unit, which turns out to be slightly smaller in volume. Nevertheless, researchers do not stop there and come up with new technologies for the most natural restoration of the dentition.

Techniques

The methods for growing hard tissues themselves can be divided into:

1. External - in which a unit is formed outside the oral cavity, for example, in a test tube or special cells, gels, etc. And only when the tooth has grown, it is transplanted into an empty hole.
2. Internal - stem cells isolated, for example, from lost milk teeth, are injected under the mucosa. And already in the gum, the development and growth of the whole unit takes place. True, this method is considered not fully developed and rather lengthy.

Among the external methods, two stand out:

• When the process of growing a tooth takes place in an organic culture. To do this, take mesenchymal and epithelial cells and place them in a collagen framework. It is here that the germ will be formed. The growth time of the tooth is about two weeks. But at the same time, it is fully formed and has the entire anatomical complex of elements.
• With the help of a special test tube, in which the same cells are placed to form a tooth germ. After a certain stage, it is already transferred into a capsule and introduced into the mouse liver.

In addition to gene technologies, some scientists offer completely innovative psycho-social ways of reprogramming. These include:

1. Petrov method - in this case, the patient learns about the exact structure of the tooth, its root system and the structure of the crown. Then he mentally places the bone marrow stem cell in the place where the tooth should be built up and imagines the whole process of the formation of the germ and the growth of the unit.
2. Veretennikov's method is in many ways similar to the previous one, but here it is necessary to take into account not only the structure of the tooth, but also the correctness of their eruption, the order of appearance - from the lower incisors to the large molars, in a strict natural sequence. The scientist proposes to mentally imagine the germination of a small tooth, like a seed, creating a feeling of pressure in the right place.
3. Stolbov's technology is a scientist who, through his own experience, showed that at least 17 teeth in a row can be grown by the influence of thought! In addition to the thought form being created, in parallel with this, one should give up bad habits, lose weight and learn to listen to one's body.
4. Shichko's method - involves the use of self-hypnosis during the period of falling asleep and truthful information. Due to the written settings that the patient makes before going to bed in his personal diary, it is possible to force the restoration of the work of any internal organ, including the lost tooth. The main thing is a systematic impact on the subconscious.

Among the new developments, two more stand out:

• The use of ultrasound when it stimulates the gums and alveolar process to build up hard tissue. Due to this kind of massage, you can make the cells function in the right direction.
• Laser correction - in addition to painless operations for the healing of various organs, it can be used to stimulate the appearance of desired cells and their growth. Thus, there is a complete regeneration of tissues and restoration of the lost tooth.

What are the side effects?

So far, all laboratory experiments have not entered the daily practice of dentists, as they have many flaws, side effects, and sometimes unforeseen results. The most important details that still need to be worked on are such dubious points:

1. It is difficult to control the growth rate of the unit and its elements. It happens that dentin is formed much faster than the neurovascular bundle of the pulp.
2. The appearance of pathological forms and structure of the crown itself is possible, which in the future will necessarily affect the functionality of the tooth and the health of the oral cavity as a whole.
3. Our body with a developed immune system, most likely, will react to the implantation of a grown tooth or a germ from stem cells, as if it were a foreign body. Therefore, the risk of rejection is high. And in order to reduce this effect, a person will have to take drugs that significantly reduce the level of immunity, which can lead to a weakening of health for a long period.

Opinions of critics

Not the entire scientific world adheres to such optimistic forecasts for the possibility of growing a full-fledged tooth in the patient's mouth. Many of them are even skeptical about successful developments and successful experiments. They argue that if, under certain conditions, it was possible to increase some individual units in a mouse, this does not mean that the same thing will happen with a person.

No one can predict how stem cells will behave in the gum, whether they form the desired tooth in the desired place, and even the correct shape. It is impossible to foresee how the body of a single person will react to the implantation of such cells or a whole grown unit. Even experiments with transplanting teeth from one jaw to another in humans did not bring the desired result, showing a very low survival rate.

The most dubious question remains - how to influence the structure and shape of the tooth that needs to be grown? After all, stem cells do not know whether we need an incisor, a molar or a canine. What will grow and will it happen correctly?

Video: Scientists start growing teeth in vitro.

When will the procedure be available?

Those scientists who are still inspired by the results of the experiments promise a quick solution to the problem. Thus, Japanese developers believe that they have already advanced far enough in their technologies, and it remains only to differentiate the rudiments created in order to accurately calculate in which alveolar process a suitable unit will grow.

They promise that by 2030 they will be able to provide full-fledged and effective results in growing teeth from stem cells and spread their method to the masses. It is their developments that should completely replace modern prosthetics and implantation.

Procedure price

It is quite difficult to predict the cost of this method of restoring a smile, since it has not yet been carried out anywhere. But doctors roughly calculate the final amount based on the individual procedures required for this.

Thus, the cost of extracting stem cells is around 1000 euros. If we add to this the necessary injections, additional materials and other ongoing procedures, then we can estimate the entire process of growing a tooth in a person at 3,000 euros, which is much more expensive than implantation.

With the appearance of such a method of restoring the dentition, only those who are financially secure will be able to use it. It will be inaccessible to most of the population. So far, some clinics offer experimental procedures for growing units, but the patient must not only pay 3,000 euros for it, but also sign an agreement that he is ready for unexpected results.

Tooth regeneration: myth or reality

Dental problems are found in almost all people, and most are faced with the need to restore them. Unfortunately, today there is no proven and reliable technology for growing teeth, so patients have to be content with and. However, scientists and practitioners from around the world continue to look for ways that could allow new teeth to be grown to replace those removed.

Latest cultivation research

At one time, Japanese scientists tried to grow teeth from a specially processed piece of tissue created from stem cells. Of course, the experiments were carried out only on experimental mice and rats. The result was very impressive - scientists managed to create a full-fledged incisor right in the mouth of a rodent. According to the researchers, the element received all the necessary elements - nerves, enamel, blood vessels and dentin.

However, scientists had to carry out a series of complex manipulations with mouse stem cells. The created embryo was placed in the well immediately after. At the same time, a fluorescent protein was introduced into the cells, with the help of which scientists monitored not only the growth of individual structural elements, but also the possible development of foreign formations.

However, world experts in the field of dentistry and genetic engineering agree that the results achieved are too exaggerated, and the issue of tooth regeneration remains open, especially since there is no direct evidence of the possibility of using this technology in relation to people. The fact is that the tooth is characterized by a rather complex structure. At the same time, enamel, dentin, blood vessels, nerves - all this should grow evenly and in a timely manner. It will not be able to perform its functions if it has the slightest deviations from the norm, for example, there will be too much hard shell on it or an unnaturally large nerve bundle will form inside.

Specialists from the USA are also involved in the issue of regeneration of bone tissue and dental pulp. They are studying this process in cichlids, a separate species of freshwater fish. In the course of the research, scientists have identified the presence of a special gene that is responsible for the formation of teeth. The experiments gave specialists the opportunity to take control of the formation of rows in fish.

So is it possible to grow new teeth for an adult? To date, the answer to this question is unequivocal - no. Unfortunately, there are no proven methods that would allow you to grow new young teeth instead of removed ones, and even more so on your own and at home. Despite the presence on the Internet of reviews of the successful practice of applying certain techniques, in fact, it is unrealistic to do this, regardless of age.

Known Recovery Techniques

Although science has not found a guaranteed way to grow teeth, there are alternative methods based mainly on spiritual practices and alternative medicine. So, for example, according to Bolotov, elements of the series can be grown using various tinctures of vodka on calamus and propolis. Garyaev, in turn, assures that deep work with the subconscious allows you to achieve your goals. However, it should be understood here that all these methods exist only in theory and do not have any hard evidence.

Among the most famous non-traditional methods, the following theories can be distinguished:

Methods using ultrasound or laser

The method using ultrasound was successfully applied by Harvard specialists. Rabbits acted as experimental subjects. The low-frequency pulses that the equipment transmits, in theory, contribute to the restoration of diseased and decayed teeth. Moreover, this method involves an integrated approach to solving the problem, that is, using stem cells.

Despite the variety of existing methods and numerous studies in this area, the answer to the question of whether it is possible to grow new teeth and how to do it remains unambiguous - today it is impossible to do this. More answers on this topic can be found in the video below.

Probably everyone has the thought of visiting the dentist. causes negative emotions. But modern medicine has found ways to make going to the dentist less unpleasant and more painless.

Many believe that the growth of teeth is limited to only two cycles: the growth of milk teeth, their loss and the growth of permanent ones. However, this is not at all the case, since in modern medicine artificial cultivation is also possible.

Growing new teeth: myth or reality?

Probably few people know, but with the help of scientists, it became possible to grow your own teeth. for the third and subsequent several times by artificial means.

Thanks to the discovery of Swiss scientists, a gene has been identified that responds to the health of dental tissues. This made it possible to use stem cells not only to treat various dental diseases, but also to recreate new ones. It is planned that with the help of these stem cells, the destroyed tooth will self-repair, and it will also be possible to avoid the occurrence of the cleft palate and cleft lip.

Currently there are several methods, with which you can grow new tooth germs: external, internal, with the help of a laser, ultrasound, mental technologies.

Ways of growing teeth: internal and external

It is clear that in a test tube it is allowed to recreate anything, including a tooth. Is it possible to recreate a new tooth in a person's mouth? One Ukrainian geneticist says yes. How this happens will be discussed below.

What is the internal method of recreating teeth? The scientist believes that it is necessary to administer injections based on stem cells of milk teeth in the place where this same clove grew. Such stem cells begin to multiply and, after a few months, a new tooth germ will grow. The question arises: where to get these stem cells? According to the scientist, it is rational to identify them from the fallen milk incisors.

So it's quite simple recovery process a new tooth, but it takes time. Currently, developments in this area have been temporarily stopped due to lack of funds.

The external method consists in recreating a new tooth in the external environment. It can be an organ culture or a special test tube. Growing teeth was first tried on rodents.

This development was carried out by Japanese scientists. The essence of this external method was to use primitive cells that are higher than stem cells. The introduction of the material is possible in the framework of collagen, which is then placed in a test tube or organ culture.

The process of growing a new incisor took two weeks. It included all the necessary parts for its full growth. And he had dentin, pulp, vessels, necessary tissues and enamel. The artificial tooth germ took root well in rodents and functioned well in the future.

Problems of growing teeth artificially

Despite the fact that the possibility of recreating new teeth is a breakthrough in domestic medicine, scientists and geneticists note some difficulties and problems.

It is known that the goal of growing a tooth is to recreate a new organ, which must take the necessary shape. But how to make sure that the new organ does not turn into an amorphous piece? If mice managed to recreate a high-quality tooth, then no one can guarantee that the same thing will happen in humans.

To grow a full-fledged tooth germ, it is necessary to make sure that the stem cells begin to divide simultaneously and in different directions. Even if a new tooth is formed, then it is still necessary to qualitatively transplant it into the patient's mouth. Implanting a tooth correctly and making it take root is also not an easy task, and there is no guarantee.

Dentists, like no one else, understand that it is quite difficult to return a lost tooth to its place, it is almost impossible to do this. Also, the technique by which instead of extracted teeth are transplanted their own has not gained popularity precisely because of its low efficiency. Therefore, there is no guarantee that artificially created teeth will be able to take root in the patient's mouth with high quality.

Another point of contention is that not a tooth being transplanted, but only its germ, so it is not clear what will come of it in the future and whether it can become a full-fledged tooth. It is also necessary to stimulate the growth of this germ, otherwise it may stop in its development. Real teeth feed through their own channels, but how to make a similar mechanism in an artificial tooth is still a mystery.

The question of differentiation of teeth remains open. Where is the guarantee that a molar will not grow in place of the canine? Research in this area is ongoing, but no good results have been achieved so far.

Exposure to ultrasound

This method is based on the impact of ultrasound pulses. During growth, ultrasonic action transmits impulses to the jaw and stimulates the restoration of an old tooth or the growth of a new one. This affects the jaw bone. If earlier people who had one part of the jaw underdeveloped required surgical intervention, now they will be helped by ultrasonic treatment. This the principle is similar to massage.

Experiments with ultrasonic pulses were carried out on rabbits. Perhaps, after some time, such a technique will be introduced into the practice of medicine.

In Canada, a special apparatus with ultrasound has been created, similar to a small pea. It is introduced into the root of a fallen tooth and massages it with the help of ultrasonic pulses. Such an experiment was carried out on rodents and soon a new tooth grew. But the main purpose of this experience was to strengthen the tissues under the lost tooth. And the fact that a new tooth grew turned out to be a real sensation.

This device is closed in a case made of biological material and does not bring any discomfort to the patient. Of course, this method, first of all, is able to help people with incompletely decayed teeth.

For the invention of such a device, the inventors were awarded an award by the Canadian Council. Creators to this day improve this device with the aim of introducing it into medical practice as soon as possible.

Professor Jeremy Mao developed a procedure for recreating a tooth germ right in the alveolus. From natural materials, the professor built a frame that was no different from a real tooth and introduced a growth stimulator there. The experiment was carried out on animals in which this prong was introduced into an empty alveolus. And, after a couple of months, a newly made tooth germ grew in the animals, which ideally took root in the oral cavity and worked well in the future.

Laser and mental technologies

The method of using a laser to recreate a new tooth germ has been created relatively recently. Its essence lies in the use of stem cells simultaneously with a low-power laser. This idea was developed Harvard researchers. It is in its early stages. Since it has not been tested in humans, it is therefore not advisable to talk about it as an established technology.

While researchers are puzzling over how to master the technology that will effectively grow new teeth and introduce them into the patient's cavity, traditional healers recommend achieving this effect using the power of thought. No more, no less!

Nature laid the change of teeth in humans. The proof of this is the milk teeth, which are replaced by the usual ones. Healers and yogis believe that this renewal mechanism can be started again with the power of thought, one has only to inform one's body of this desire. But then painstaking work on yourself and your consciousness will follow.

Mikhail Stolbov described the algorithm of actions for recreating new teeth with the power of thought. This thought algorithm operates as follows:

• You should remember the feelings that a child had when his milk teeth fell out and new ones grew. It is important to remember more of these moments associated with tooth loss, pain and so on. This gives an impulse to renew consciousness.
• Next, it should be remembered that the incisors appear first, they are the first to fall out. Therefore, the recovery mechanism should begin with the incisors.
• These thoughts should arise in a person not only when he thinks about it, but always, for 24 hours a day, regardless of other thoughts of a person.

Then you need to move on to practice. Practical exercises for which you need to spend about 30 minutes:

The duration of these exercises depends on their regularity and on the characteristics of the human body. It is advisable to repeat the exercises every day for a month. For some, the result will be faster, while for someone it will be slower.

The main mistake of this method is that a person begins to have negative thoughts from the fact that the teeth begin to fall out, pain and discomfort arise. Such thoughts should be immediately discarded and directed in the right direction.

In order for these exercises are beneficial, some more conditions must be met:

Not only Stolbov was engaged in such mental techniques, but all such authors have a common mechanism for influencing the teeth:

1. Time travel. It is necessary to return to childhood and remember how the loosening of teeth and the growth of new ones took place, to return the sensations that were experienced during this period.
2. Changing the energy field and directing it to the right place.
3. It is necessary to constantly pay attention to such exercises, it is better not even once a day. And then the result will definitely not pass by.
4. It is necessary to start visualization from the incisors and move to the periphery.

Prices

Many people are concerned about this issue in the first place. There is no unequivocal and specific answer to it, since this method has not yet gained its popularity.

But still it is planned that prices will not differ much from traditional prosthetics. At the present stage, only laboratory experiments are carried out, mainly on rodents. When this method will work on a person, there are no exact forecasts.

It will take a few more years, perhaps even a dozen, before all the controversial issues of artificial cultivation will be resolved and this method will become available to any circle of patients.

To begin with, the technology of such cultivation must go through all animal experiments, after that there will be clinical trials on humans. If they justify themselves, then this technology will be put into practice.

Experience of centenarians

Despite the fact that artificial cultivation technology has not yet found its application in medicine, in modern practice there are already cases of people who have already managed to acquire a third set of teeth.

How could this happen? Mystic, nothing else! In the Russian town of Sochi lives a pensioner Tsapovalova, whose new teeth began to grow after the centennial anniversary. This amazing case made a splash in modern medicine. While experts thought and wondered how this happened, the pensioner herself revealed all the cards. According to the woman, this anomaly occurred as a result of her healthy lifestyle. She did not drink, did not smoke, was a vegetarian and tried to avoid stressful situations.

This case is not the only one of its kind. Four more centenarians were identified who were lucky enough to have a third set. One resident of the Indian outback, who was also a vegetarian, but he did not observe even the simplest hygiene. Centenarians from Tatarstan and Cheboksary can also boast of a third set of teeth.

We all know that teeth a person grows twice during his life - dairy and permanent. Recently, however, there are more and more reports that some older people in the place of the removed or dropped out appear new white teeth.

Of course, this is not the norm, but scientists are interested in the phenomenon of natural regeneration of teeth and are actively looking for a mechanism in the human body that can start this process.

THIRD SHIFT

One day, a familiar prosthodontist told me that he made dentures for a woman of about 60 years old. Two weeks after the new teeth were safely installed, the patient returned to his office complaining of poor workmanship, as one of the artificial teeth had fallen out. What was the surprise of the doctor when, having taken an x-ray, he saw that the rudiments of a new tooth appeared in place of the extracted tooth, and they replaced the prosthesis!

At first, I was skeptical about his story, but then I found many similar stories on the Internet.

It turns out that the third change of teeth is observed quite often in older people. Scientists have found that the third generation of teeth is not initially programmed for anyone. But there are remnants of tissues that suddenly, for unknown reasons, are activated and become teeth.

A 110-year-old Indian has grown two new teeth, a 104-year-old resident of Chuvashia has begun to cut new teeth to replace those that have fallen out, an 85-year-old woman from Novgorod has as many as 6 new snow-white teeth. And this is a small fraction of such facts.

Such a sensation could not leave scientists all over the world indifferent.

The Texas Research Institute conducted a thorough study of the cells from which tooth enamel and dentin are built. Based on the research, it was concluded that a certain gene responsible for the formation of a tooth, after completing its mission, “turns off”.

Scientists managed to get this gene to work again, however, while outside the body. The studies were carried out on the teeth of mice. The result of the experiment was a new tooth 1.3 mm long, grown in a test tube. A new tooth was implanted in place of the removed one, and it must be said that it took root.

But in order to implement this technology into human life, it will take at least 20-30 years of hard scientific work.

NOT ONLY IN THE TEST TUBE

Loss of teeth is almost the most common problem of mankind, so many scientists around the world are working in this direction. One of the Poltava geneticists, A. Baranovich, proposed his own, one might say, revolutionary technology, which makes it possible to do without prosthetics.

The scientist was able to obtain stem cells from fallen baby teeth. The patient is asked to inject a liquid based on these cells into the gum at the site of the tooth that has fallen out. Once in place, the cells begin to actively divide and form a new tooth. The whole process takes 3-4 months. Unfortunately, the development of Baranovich has been suspended for the time being due to lack of funding.

English dentist P. Sharp has almost completed work on the creation of a genetic gel that will not only form a new tooth, but also give it the same shape and size as its predecessor.

Another interesting technology for growing teeth was reported by the American agency Eureka. Scientists have invented a miniature device that, using ultrasound, promotes the formation and development of dental tissue. The device itself is coated with biomaterials so as not to cause discomfort to the patient.

Attach it in the oral cavity with special brackets. The device has a sensor that allows you to change the power of exposure depending on the anatomical features of each patient. Tests of the technology on rabbits were successful. Presumably, the first finished model of the device will be presented within a year.

UNBELIEVABLE, BUT IT IS A FACT

Everything that has a material scientific basis is quite understandable. However, there are some methods of growing teeth that are hard to believe. Unfinished, due to the death of the author, the book of Mikhail Stolbov, an ordinary Russian person, became a real sensation, however, official medicine still refrains from commenting.

In 1978, Mikhail Stolbov served in the Soviet Army on Russky Island. As a result of rampant hazing in the unit, almost all of Mikhail's teeth were knocked out. Then, within a week, he was given the cheapest false teeth. In addition to being uncomfortable, they made the young man burr.

Then, from year to year, Stolbov changed the prostheses to new ones, but this did not help. By chance, the author of the book ended up in the Siberian taiga for almost a whole year. It was there, far from civilization and medicine, that he began to have inflammation of the oral cavity, accompanied by such pain that he not only could not wear prostheses, but touching the palate and gums of his own tongue caused unbearable suffering.

There was only ground food, the process of eating was delayed for an hour. On top of everything else, Mikhail practically could not talk, and, in fact, there was no one with anyone. Pain and fear served as a powerful incentive to find a way to grow new teeth. This fantastic idea turned into an obsession. In his book, Stolbov talks about what helped him grow 17 of his new teeth, awaken the regeneration process.

To begin with, the author recommends learning to believe in a miracle, and it does not matter that the impetus for this faith was pain, despair and fear. For him personally, the stimulus was the book "The Ancient Secret" - about a boy who was able to grow a leg. If a child did this, then he, an adult strong man, will also succeed. And Michael believed in a miracle.

The second stage should be the accumulation of energy, for this it is necessary to part with bad habits and excess weight. And then you need to learn to hear and perceive your body, soul and the world around you. All this together will help start the process of regeneration of teeth. You can treat Stolbov's story as a fiction, but the fact remains - 17 new teeth grown in the remote taiga.

REMEMBER EVERYTHING

Orlovsky poet, writer, yogi Sergei Veretennikov also believes that the teeth growth program can be launched with the power of thought.

To begin with, he recommends remembering the sensations that you experienced as a child when new teeth were cut. After all, a person remembers pain for a long time, if not forever. Itching in the gums, unpleasant swaying of milk teeth, and sometimes even the way a thread was tied to a milk tooth and pulled out.

These memories, according to Sergey, are the first "button" that should be pressed. The second “button” is located in the place of the lower front incisors, it is they who cut through the first in babies and are also the first to change to new ones. The third “button,” Veretennikov believes, is in our minds, and it must always be kept on.

The method of growing Veretennikov's teeth consists of several stages. At first, you need to intensely imagine for about half an hour a day that under each tooth, small white seeds germinate inside the gums - the rudiments of new teeth. This is where childhood memories come in handy.

At the second stage, mental concentration is added to all this at a point located under the lower front incisors. And finally, the third stage will be concentration on the point between the eyebrows (third eye), but the first two concentrations must also be continued. The thought form should be something like this: "My teeth are completely renewed."

Sergey Veretennikov believes that by using this practice for a month, you can achieve results. The only thing that can interfere is the fear of losing old teeth and not growing new ones.

NO WARRANTY

The ability to regenerate teeth is undoubtedly a huge step forward in dentistry. But, even having learned how to grow new teeth, scientists still face many problems. For example, the question remains how to make stem cells work simultaneously to create both hard tooth tissues (dentin, enamel) and soft tissues (pulp).

Besides, no one needs an arbitrary cell mass. You need a tooth of a specific size and shape, corresponding to its place in the mouth. Scientists believe that the experiment with mice may well have only a one-time positive result. And what will happen in the future, it is difficult to say.

The stimulation of growth and nutrition of new teeth remains in question. No one has yet figured out how to start this mechanism.

And finally, there is no guarantee that a new tooth will be successfully implanted, even if the fallen one is difficult to implant back. Again, not an adult tooth is transplanted, but its germ. And what will grow out of it, it is impossible to predict. Suddenly, an incisor will grow in place of the canine, or vice versa?

But, despite the difficulties, research continues. And perhaps our grandchildren will only know about prosthetics from books.

Galina MINNIKOVA