Symptoms of the disorder VNS functional violation of the IC. Autonomic dysfunction syndrome - causes of nervous system disorders, diagnosis and treatment methods. Symptoms of the disease - vegetative disorders

Probably, there is no such person who would never complain about the nervous system, both on his own and on someone else's. Either someone unbalanced in public transport, then the child “got” another deuce, then the bill for an apartment for some reason increased - but that’s about myself.

And about someone else's nervous system: either the saleswoman in the vegetable is furious, then the head of the housing office is clearly psychotic, then the son looks like either a dead fish, or a cockroach enraged. And when they talk about iron nerves, most of modern people only dream about it, because there can be no talk of any quality of life with a loose nervous system.

But modern life is a very serious challenge for the nervous system of any person. Doesn't this mean that the human body is not a race?designed for such loads andthat you need to take certain medications all the timeto keep the nervous system in working condition?

A few words about the nervous system

When people talk about the nervous system in everyday life, they most often mean the autonomic nervous system ( systema nervosum autonomicum), which works autonomously and controls the work of internal organs, including the work of the endocrine glands, and the work of large and small blood vessels.

It is the autonomic nervous system that controls the vital signs of the human body, that is, heart rate (HR), blood pressure, body temperature, digestion, metabolic processes in the body (metabolism), sweating, water and electrolyte balance, urination, defecation, sexual and other reactions.

The autonomic nervous system performs completely different functions, which sometimes seem mutually exclusive, and consists of two departments: sympathetic and parasympathetic. These parts of the nervous system are very ancient and are found in all mammals. The importance of these departments is that each of them is responsible for its own type of behavior.

The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for vigorous activity, for mobilizing all the forces for hunting, for fighting, for fleeing: more glucose enters the bloodstream, the heart beats faster, muscle strength increases - the body is ready to fight. However, digestion practically freezes (as well as some other functions), because the body is busy with completely different things.

The parasympathetic nervous system is activated in a state of rest or at least calmness: the heart rate decreases, breathing normalizes, motility and secretion of the gastrointestinal tract increase, and blood flow to the gastrointestinal tract increases, which is necessary for digestion; The glucose received during this period does not provide instant energy, but is converted into glycogen energy reserves.

It is completely understandable why, for example, the gastrointestinal tract suffers from “nerves” - it simply does not work when a person is nervous, that is, ready to fight, and the sympathetic nervous system simply “turned off” unnecessary processes now.

Attention! It is very important to remember that the autonomic nervous system works autonomously, that is, it is not regulated by willpower or desire.

Based on the autonomous work of the autonomic nervous system, the principles of the polygraph (lie detector) are based: if a person is nervous, the autonomic nervous system perceives this as a danger, therefore, the heart rate increases, blood pressure increases, sweating on the palms increases, and this can be fixed with special equipment .

A few words about neurosis

But be that as it may, in everyday life very often the word "nerves" means various neuroses which are called both psychoneuroses and neurotic disorders.

It must be remembered that neurosis is a collective (general) name for various psychogenic disorders (disorders in the work of the psyche that are reversible, but often have a protracted course).

Neuroses can turn out to be a very serious problem, since they are characterized not only by hysterical manifestations of “psychism”), which sometimes have an obsessive character, but also by a decrease in working capacity, that is, a decrease in both physical and mental strength.

It is unconditional and unequivocal that the psychogenic factor, that is, the factor that causes psychological trauma, is always a conflict, which can be both external and internal. It can be acute or chronic stress, it can be an emotional overstrain or an overstrain of the intellectual sphere.

Studied the problem of neurosis I.P. Pavlov and believed that neurosis is a long-term (chronic) disturbance of higher nervous activity, when the brain and psyche are unable to cope with very strong and constant external stimuli.

Many scientists believe that neuroses are formed when a person is unable to satisfy his basic needs due to an unfavorable social situation or when the social situation poses a threat that cannot be eliminated, circumvented or overcome.

Sigmund Freud , who also dealt with issues of neurosis, believed that neurotic disorders arise in cases where social morality and the laws of morality, which are laid down in a person from childhood, come into insurmountable contradictions with instincts and instinctive drives or aspirations.

Very interesting is the theory of neuroses by Karen Horney, who considers neurosis as a self-defense of the child from the total control of parents, from aggression from parents, from neglect, from humiliation, from social isolation. Such self-defence can be embodied in one of three forms: “towards people”, “against people”, “away from people”. In the first case, a person seeks protection and love all his life; in the second - recognition, success, triumph and seeks to develop strength to cope with any life situations; the third case is the struggle for independence, which often turns into loneliness.

Today, modern science considers neurosis as a combination of psychological and biological factors. Biological factors include functional insufficiency of some neurophysiological systems, which increases vulnerability to many psychogenic influences. Among the psychological factors are called personality traits, which are due to the conditions of human formation, the level of claims, relationships with society and other factors.

Attention! Neurotic disorders, although they belong to mental disorders, have certain signs that are very important not only for diagnosing the condition, but also for its further treatment.

In determining the criteria for singling out neurotic disorders specifically among mental disorders, attention is drawn to some very important factors.

1. Firstly, in the event of manifestations of the disease, the main role belongs to psychogenic factors.
2. Secondly, neurotic disorders are reversible (have a functional character).
3. Thirdly, with neurotic disorders, dementia is not noted and symptoms of personality changes are not recorded.
4. Fourth, a person is critical of his condition, that is, he is able to realize that something is wrong with him.

Symptoms of neurosis (neurotic conditions)

In order to qualitatively diagnose neurotic conditions, one should be very attentive to the symptoms, many of which in everyday life are traditionally attributed not to a disease, but simply to a bad character or lack of education. However, a complex of such symptoms may indicate a serious disease of the nervous system, which can significantly reduce the standard of living.

Mental symptoms of neurotic conditions

First of all, it is about emotional distress and emotional instability , which very often have no apparent reason or reason.

In addition, humans have indecisiveness and communication problems . Moreover, these problems manifest themselves even if it is necessary to communicate with familiar people.

Among the most important symptoms of neurotic disorders, experts call constant or very frequent feeling of anxiety, feeling of causeless fear, constant expectation that something bad will happen, as well as the appearance of various phobias and panic attacks .

An essential symptom of a neurotic disorder are lack of certainty and / or inconsistency in determining the system of values, preferences in life, ideas about people, about oneself, about relationships that can reach cynicism .

irritability, inconstancy (instability) of mood, touchiness and vulnerability, which are often expressed by tearfulness, an almost constant feeling of anxiety .

For neurotic disorders, a very high sensitivity to stress, which is expressed by a reaction of aggression or despair to a situation that can often be quite insignificant.

In neurotic disorders, there are almost always memory loss, cognitive impairment, attention deficit , as well as increased sensitivity to the brightness of light (bright light is annoying), to sounds (loud sounds are poorly tolerated), to temperature changes (meteorological dependence appears or increases) .

The mental symptoms of neuroses include sleep disorders due to overexcitation of the nervous system: we are talking about sleep anxiety and its superficiality, when a person does not get enough sleep and constantly feels drowsy.

A very important symptom of a neurotic disorder is a peculiar obsession when a person returns again and again to a situation that has become a traumatic factor.

Physical symptoms of neurotic conditions

Neurotic states (neuroses) can be manifested not only by mental symptoms, but also by purely physical symptoms, which also need to be paid close attention.

The physical symptoms of neurosis include pain , which can be localized in a variety of places. With neuroses, we can talk about headaches, heartaches and even pains in the abdomen.

A sign (symptom) of a neurotic disorder can be increased fatigue, almost constant feeling of fatigue; in addition, performance is reduced whole body (both physical and mental).

An essential physical symptom of a neurotic disorder are fluctuations in blood pressure , which cause blackouts, dizziness, and sometimes panic attacks.

The physical symptoms of neurosis include disturbances in the functioning of the vestibular apparatus , that is, a person can easily lose balance for no apparent reason.

Also important physical symptoms of a neurotic disorder are various appetite disorders (up to nutritional disorders); sleep disturbances, including nightmares.

In neurotic disorders, there are autonomic disorders , and they can be observed both separately and in various combinations. These autonomic disorders include sweating (most common), palpitations (very common), fluctuations in blood pressure (very common), stomach disorders (common), cough, frequent urination (common), loose stools.

Neurotic disorders negatively affect sexual desire (libido) and potency .

Attention! Only a qualified doctor can correctly assess the symptoms (a set of symptoms) and make a diagnosis.

With persistent symptoms of a neurotic disorder, you should seek qualified medical help from a neurologist, a psychiatrist or a psychotherapist.

Vegetovascular dystonia

The result of a permanent and prolonged neurotic disorder can be vegetovascular dystonia, that is, disturbances in the functioning of the autonomic nervous system.

It must be emphasized once again that the autonomic nervous system works automatically, that is, in no way depends on the will and desire of a person, and ensures the normal functioning of all organs and systems of the body. It is the autonomic nervous system that brings the body into a state of combat readiness in order to withstand danger - and this does not depend on the desire of a person.

However, often a person cannot react the way his autonomic system reacts, and is forced to suppress his readiness to fight. As a result, the autonomic nervous system becomes unbalanced, malfunctions appear in its work, which leads to vegetovascular dystonia, and can also lead to disturbances in the functioning of internal systems and organs.

That is why in the old days it was advised to cry when you want, or to shout in the field, that is, to throw out the accumulated negative energy. That is why physical activity is so important when the body can use its “combat readiness”.

Want to fight? A great way to blow off steam is to work out in the gym, clean the apartment, work in the garden or in the garden, or any other physical activity. The body is mobilized for physical work, be it running, fighting, moving furniture, buying potatoes, and in order to avoid failures, you need to let the body work actively.

Prevention and treatment of diseases of the nervous system

The most important thing that is needed to maintain the health of the nervous system is proper education. Of course, all children are completely different, but for any child it is extremely important that he not be instilled with a sense of superiority and permissiveness or a sense of inferiority, it is very important for any child to form a sense of self-worth and respect for the significance of other people, a sense of responsibility, a sense of duty, the ability to communicate not only with peers, but also with people of a different age.

It is very important to try in every possible way to avoid traumatic factors and prevent their occurrence. It is also very important to prevent family conflicts, and in case of any disagreement, try to resolve them through conversation.

Attention! Any medicines for the treatment of vegetovascular dystonia or any other disorder of the nervous system can only be prescribed by the attending physician after a thorough examination of the anamnesis. Self-medication is unacceptable because it can be dangerous.

If you have to deal with a person who suffers from a neurotic disorder, when communicating, you should remember a few rules.

1. For people with neurotic disorders, it is very important to feel constant support and constant attention, communication is very important for them.
2. Since light is very important for the body to produce serotonin (one of the main neurotransmitters; the so-called happiness hormone), it is necessary to try to make the room bright (blackout curtains should be removed during the day, and bright lighting should be taken care of in the evening).
3. Normal sleep and wakefulness is very important. Sleep should last at least eight hours, and it is better to go to bed at about ten o'clock in the evening (no later).
4. You should carefully monitor that the menu contains a sufficient amount of vitamins, micro- and macroelements, and other necessary substances necessary for the full functioning of the body.
5. Make sure you have enough time outdoors. Trips to the forest, to the meadow, to the mountains, to the sea are very important. If such trips are problematic, then at least you should regularly walk in park areas.
6. Regular dosed physical activity is necessary. It can be not only classes in the gym, but also work in the garden, and other types of physical activity.
7. There are also some requirements for a diet to strengthen the nervous system. First of all, you should completely abandon any alcohol, including low-alcohol drinks. It would also be better to refuse coffee, or at least reduce its amount to a minimum. It is necessary to ensure the intake of tryptophan, which is found in figs, dates, bananas, dark chocolate, turkey meat and other products.

Attention! Tryptophan is the amino acid from which serotonin is formed.

1. With neurotic disorders, it is very important to promptly treat any diseases that may appear. Especially important is the treatment of endocrine problems, cardiovascular diseases, malignant tumors, as well as vitamin deficiencies (vitamin B 12 deficiency and iron deficiency anemia are especially dangerous).
2. It is necessary to give up not only the use of alcohol, but also the use of any drugs, as well as smoking.

Traditional medicine recipes to strengthen the nervous system

For any problems with the functioning of the nervous system, it is very important to reduce anxiety, restore normal sleep, reduce fatigue and other symptoms.

Field sage infusion for the treatment of nervous exhaustion, fatigue, hypertension

You will need:

• Dry herbal raw materials (field sage herb) - 3 tablespoons;
• Boiling water - 500 ml;
• Sugar - to taste.

Cooking: Place dry herbal raw materials of field sage in enameled, glass or ceramic dishes. Dissolve sugar in boiling water (to taste) and pour the herbal raw materials of sage with the resulting solution. Close the dish with a lid, let it brew for 15 minutes. The resulting amount of infusion divided by the number of meals per day.

Application: Drink approximately 100 - 150 g before each meal.

A complex infusion with hawthorn for the treatment of nervous excitement and in diseases of the heart

You will need:

• Dry herbal raw materials (hawthorn flowers) - 3 tablespoons;
• Dry herbal raw materials (motherwort herb) - 3 tablespoons;
• Dry herbal raw materials (grass cudweed) - 3 tablespoons;
• Dry herbal raw materials (chamomile flowers) - 1 tablespoon;
• Boiling water - 250 ml.

Cooking: Mix dry herbal raw materials of hawthorn flowers, herbs, cudweed herbs, chamomile flowers thoroughly and place one tablespoon of raw materials in enameled, glass or ceramic dishes. Pour herbal raw materials (one tablespoon) with boiling water. Close the bowl with a lid, let it brew for 8 hours, and then strain.

Application: Drink three times a day for half a glass an hour after eating.

Complex infusion with hawthorn for the treatment of nervous excitement and heart disease (method 2)

You will need:

• Dry herbal raw materials (hawthorn fruits) - 3 tablespoons;
• Dry herbal raw materials (hawthorn flowers) - 2 tablespoons;
• Dry herbal raw materials (valerian root) - 3 tablespoons;
• Dry herbal raw materials (St. John's wort) - 3 tablespoons;
• Dry herbal raw materials (yarrow grass) - 3 tablespoons;
• Boiling water - 250 ml.

Cooking: Thoroughly mix dry herbal raw materials of hawthorn fruits and flowers, valerian root, St. Pour herbal raw materials (one tablespoon) with boiling water. Close the dish with a lid, let it brew for 6 hours, and then strain.

Application: Drink three times a day for a quarter cup half an hour before meals.

Oat decoction for diseases of the nervous system

You will need:

• Dry herbal raw materials (dry oat grains) - 3 cups;
• - 100 g;
• Boiling water - 3 liters.

Cooking: Dry herbal raw materials (dry oat grains) are thoroughly washed and placed in an enameled or ceramic dish. Pour the herbal raw materials with water. Close the bowl with a lid, bring to a boil and simmer in a water bath over low heat for about 20 minutes.

Remove the dishes from the fire, carefully wrap and leave for a day. Then strain and add 100 g of natural honey. Stir, cover the pot with a lid and bring to a boil again, but do not boil. Cool at room temperature. Strain, bottle and store in the refrigerator.

Application: Drink once a day, 100 g half an hour before meals. Add lemon juice (freshly squeezed) to each portion of the broth to taste. Drink this decoction in small sips.

Oat infusion for diseases of the nervous system, prepared in a thermos

You will need:

• Dry herbal raw materials (dry oat grains) - as needed;
• Boiling water - as needed.
• Thermos.

Cooking: Pour dry herbal raw materials (dry oat grains) into a coffee grinder and grind. Pour the ground oats into a thermos and pour boiling water over it. For one tablespoon of ground oats, you should take one glass of boiling water, that is, for a half-liter thermos you will need two tablespoons of ground oats and two glasses of boiling water. Oats insist in a thermos for 12 hours, and then strain.

Application: Drink at will without restrictions during the day.

Attention! The use of any medications, including herbal preparations, must be agreed with the attending physician.

conclusions

Nerves are naughty? Is everything annoying? Have problems at work and in the family? Did you realize that you need to take some steps? Indeed, the health of the nervous system is no less important than the health of any organ or system of the body.

But in fact, it may be more important, since the imbalance of the nervous system, ranging from pain in the stomach or in the heart and ending with a decrease in sexual desire, makes itself felt very many extremely serious diseases.

What to do? First of all, you should reconsider your lifestyle and your daily routine, as well as nutrition, habits, and rest. Then you should contact a specialist. It is possible that some traditional medicine recipes will be effective, but their use should be started only after consulting a doctor. And for the health of the nervous system, it is very important to live in harmony with oneself, with one's conscience, to try to bring people only love, kindness and joy.

Psychiatry

Diagnostic criteria

The syndrome of vegetative dystonia (SVD) includes the manifestation of all forms of violation of autonomic regulation. Vegetative dystonia is called a syndrome because, as a rule, autonomic disorders are secondary manifestations of various forms of pathology.

Three forms of SVD can be distinguished:

Psychovegetative syndrome;

Syndrome of peripheral vegetative insufficiency;

Angiotrophoalgic syndrome.

Psychovegetative syndrome. Manifested by permanent paroxysmal autonomic disorders (panic attacks, some forms of fainting), caused by dysfunction of the suprasegmental division of the autonomic nervous system. In the etiology of this syndrome, the main role is assigned to psychogenic factors.

Syndrome of peripheral vegetative insufficiency. It is caused by an organic lesion of segmental autonomic apparatuses, i.e., specific sympathetic and parasympathetic nuclei, nodes, peripheral preganglionic and postganglionic autonomic fibers. Typical clinical manifestations are orthostatic hypotension, tachycardia at rest and a rigid pulse, hypohidrosis, bladder atony and urinary incontinence, constipation, diarrhea, and impotence. The syndrome occurs mainly in diseases affecting the PNS (diabetes mellitus, alcoholism, amyloidosis, etc.), but also in diseases of the central nervous system (multisystem atrophy).

angiotrophalgic syndrome. The clinical picture of the syndrome consists of characteristic combinations of vasomotor, trophic and pain manifestations (acroerythrosis, erythromelalgia, Raynaud's syndrome, complex regional pain syndrome). The syndrome is based on the defeat of mixed nerves, plexuses and roots that innervate the arms and legs. But it can also be part of the psycho-vegetative syndrome (Raynaud's disease).

When analyzing SVD, it is necessary to take into account a number of factors:

1) the nature of vegetative disorders;

2) permanent and paroxysmal;

3) poly or monosystem nature of disorders;

4) generalized systemic and local disorders.

A number of factors cause vegetative disorders, these include:

- Constitutional features. SVD of a constitutional nature usually manifests itself from early childhood and is characterized by instability of vegetative parameters: a rapid change in skin color, sweating, fluctuations in heart rate and blood pressure, pain and dyskinesia in the gastrointestinal tract, a tendency to low-grade fever, nausea, poor tolerance of physical and mental stress , meteotropic. Often these disorders are hereditary. With age, these individuals, with proper tempering education, achieve a certain compensation, although they remain vegetatively stigmatized all their lives. There are also very severe constitutional vegetative disorders. We are talking about familial dysautonomia, Riley-Day syndrome, in which gross violations occur in the internal environment of the body, incompatible with life, and the peripheral autonomic system is significantly involved in the pathological process.

- Psychophysiological state. SVD psychophysiological nature. It occurs in healthy people against the background of acute or chronic stress. Emotional-vegetative-endocrine reactions to acute stress are a normal physiological response of the body and cannot be considered pathological. However, excessive inadequate severity of reactions, their duration and frequency, violation of the adaptive capabilities of a person are already pathological, the basis of the clinical manifestations of which is psychovegetative syndrome. A mass manifestation of SVD of a psychophysiological nature is observed in stressful extreme situations.

- Hormonal changes in the body. Occurs during puberty and menopause. At puberty, there are two prerequisites for the appearance of vegetative syndromes: the emergence of new endocrine-vegetative interactions that require the formation of other integrative patterns, and a rapid, often accelerated increase in growth; this creates a gap between the new physical parameters and the possibilities of vascular support. Typical manifestations are vegetative disturbances against the background of mild or severe endocrine disorders, fluctuations in blood pressure, orthostatic syndromes with pre-syncope and fainting states, emotional instability, impaired thermoregulation.

Vegetative disorders are also aggravated during menopause, which is associated with the physiological endocrine and emotional accompaniments of this condition. Vegetative disorders are both permanent and paroxysmal in nature, and among the latter, in addition to the characteristic hot flashes, feelings of heat, profuse sweating, vegetative-vascular crises may occur. It should be emphasized that both menopause and puberty are characterized by significant psychological restructuring. Given this fact, we can assume that these autonomic disorders are based on both endocrine and psychological factors.

Complaints and anamnesis

Clinical manifestations: the initial predominance of the tone of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system. Frequent complaints of headache and dizziness with various vegetative and psychogenic disorders.

With vagotonia, a tendency to redness of the skin, hands are cyanotic, wet and cold to the touch, marbling of the skin, general hyperhidrosis, a tendency to acne in puberty, neurodermatitis is not uncommon, various allergic reactions such as urticaria, Quincke's edema. This category of children may have a tendency to fluid retention, transient swelling on the face. Children tend to be overweight, hypothermia, hypotension of blood pressure.

With the dominance of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system, the skin of children is pale, dry, and the vascular pattern is not pronounced. The skin on the hands is dry, cold, sometimes eczematous manifestations, itching appear. Children with sympathicotonia are more often thin, although they have an increased appetite. Tendency to hyperthermia, to increase blood pressure.

With a paroxysmal course, attacks of shortness of breath at night are possible - pseudoasthma. a feeling of lack of air during excitement, combined with cardialgia. palpitations in children with sympathicotonia.

Children with vagotonia often complain of nausea, abdominal pain, vomiting, heartburn, and constipation.

Children with autonomic disorders are characterized by various, polymorphic complaints of a psychogenic nature - irritability, fatigue, irascibility, tearfulness, anxiety, decreased performance, exhaustion of attention, noise intolerance, memory loss, sleep disturbance. Mood swings throughout the day.

With vagotonia, the leading signs are lethargy, apathy, low mood during the day, increased daytime sleepiness.

A history of excessive or prolonged overwork, negative emotional experiences, constant grief, stress.

Physical examination

From the side of the nervous system, focal symptoms are absent. From the side of the CCC, there may be a mild systolic murmur at the apex of the heart. On the part of the GK - pain in the epigastric region.

Laboratory research

With sympathicotonia of the KLA, a tendency to increase ESR, an increase in leukocytes and erythrocytes, accelerated clotting, a tendency to acidosis, hypercalcemia, increased creatinine and decreased acetylcholine and cholesterol.
With vagotonia - KLA - a tendency to decrease in leukocytes and erythrocytes, increase cholesterol and acetylcholine, decrease calcium and creatinine, clotting is slowed down.

Instrumental Research

Diffuse changes on the EEG, signs of dysfunction of activating non-specific brain structures,
- REG shows signs of vasospasm in sympathicotonia and impaired venous outflow in vagotonia,
- on the ECG - tachycardia, arrhythmia, bradycardia, mitral valve prolapse, impaired repolarization processes, premature ventricular excitation syndrome, atrioventricular blockade.

Indications for expert advice:

Cardiologist,
- neuropathologist,
- psychiatrist - with psycho-vegetative disorders,
- consultation of a gastroenterologist in case of disorders of the gastrointestinal tract.

Autonomic neurosis or autonomic dystonia is characterized by a disease of various organs and tissues, which does not occur due to organic changes in the tissue of the autonomic nervous system, but as a result of a violation of its functions.

Normally, the autonomic nervous system, being part of the general nervous system, is a complex of cells that regulate the innervation of all internal organs and systems, blood and lymphatic vessels, as well as endocrine and external secretion glands. The work and functions of the autonomic nervous system are not subject to a person and are not controlled by him. The centers for regulating the work of the entire autonomic nervous system are located in different parts of the hypothalamus located in the brain.

The functions of the autonomic nervous system are as follows:

Increased metabolism.

Increasing the level of tissue excitability.

Mobilization of the internal forces of the body for active work.

Regulation of the work of all systems during sleep.

Recovery of spent energy reserves.

Participation in human behavioral responses.

Influence on physical and mental activity.

Based on this, one can understand what happens to a person in stressful situations or changes in the autonomic nervous system under the influence of any factors. In fact, a disorder of the functions of the autonomic nervous system can cause any pathological conditions in humans.

Symptoms of autonomic neurosis

Autonomic disorders belong to the group of neuroses or neurasthenia and are manifested by the following clinical syndromes:

Vasomotor syndrome - headaches, dizziness, migraine, jumps in blood pressure up and down the scale, vasomotor form of Meniere's syndrome (sudden dizziness and nausea). It is also possible the appearance of pain in the joints and muscles, pain in the limbs, in the stomach.

Vegetative-skin syndrome - hypersensitivity of the skin, marbled or bluish color of the skin, itching, dry skin or excessive moisture.

Vegetative-trophic syndrome - a violation of the trophism of muscles, nails, hair, muscle atrophy, trophic ulcers, erosion.

Vegetative-visceral syndrome - a feeling of lack of air, skin hyperesthesia, pseudoangina pectoris, violation of the act of swallowing, outflow of bile, disorder of the stool, bladder function, violation of all types of metabolism.

Vegetative-allergic syndrome - angioedema, food allergies, urticaria, allergic rhinitis.

The course of autonomic neurosis may also differ, and is subdivided as follows:

Autonomic disorders can develop after manifestations of general neurosis. First, patients have signs of neurasthenia, and then all other characteristic signs join.

Vegetative dysfunctions occur in the subcortical vegetative parts of the brain, causing disruption of the work of all organs and systems.

Vegetative disturbances occur against the background or after brain injuries, and then the clinical picture is limited to a violation of the work of those organs whose vegetative centers were located at the site of injury.

Causes of autonomic neuroses

The causes of autonomic neurosis include the following factors:

Brain injury.

Individual characteristics

Transferred acute and chronic infections.

Prolonged emotional and mental stress.

General depletion of the body due to malnutrition.

Autonomic dysfunction syndrome is one of the most difficult to diagnose.

Its symptoms include more than a hundred manifestations and still cause controversy among specialists as to which of the specialized doctors the patient should be treated with.

After all, a person suffering from VVD syndrome may experience disturbances in the work of the cardiovascular, nervous, and digestive systems.

The autonomic nervous system is a whole complex of cellular structures that regulate the functional level of the body.

Thanks to this, an adequate reaction of all body systems is carried out both to the influence of the external environment and to internal changes, and a certain constancy of the internal environment is also maintained:

• Body temperature;
• pressure;
• heart rate;
• metabolic rate and other indicators.

ANS dysfunction leads to uncoordinated work with the cardiovascular, secretory, digestive, respiratory and other systems. When this mechanism is broken, the speed of reaction and adaptation to climatic or physical changes, mental and mental stress is reduced.

Autonomic dysfunction syndrome cannot be called a disease in the full sense of the term. According to the International Classification of Diseases, it belongs to the group of disorders and disorders of the nervous system. This is a borderline condition in which the functionality of blood vessels decreases.

All those unpleasant symptoms of VVD, such as dizziness, chills, heart rhythm disturbances, and others, are the result of deviations in the work of various parts of the autonomic nervous system. This conclusion is confirmed by complex examinations, during which no pathological changes in the organs are detected, and the test results do not go beyond the normal range.

People who suffer from VVD syndrome often experience dizziness from simple changes in body position, a change in posture.

What are the causes of VSD syndrome

As a rule, the foundation for the VVD syndrome is laid from the first days of life. Factors that contribute to the occurrence of disorders are:

• heredity;
• fetal hypoxia;
• birth trauma;
• traumatic brain injury;
• hormonal changes in the body;
• disruption of the endocrine system and related diseases;
• the appearance of foci of acute infections and chronic diseases;
• allergy;
• malnutrition;
• bad habits;
• sedentary lifestyle;
• tendency to increased anxiety;
• intoxication;
• harmful conditions of professional activity.

The first manifestations of autonomic dysfunction syndrome often occur in children of senior school age and in adolescence. Symptoms become more noticeable in 20-40 years. During these years, the maximum psychophysiological load comes on a person who takes his first steps in an independent life, building a career, creating a family. And all these stressful situations also serve as a trigger for the breakdown of the regulatory mechanisms of the ANS.

Experts identify various causes that are at the head of the onset of symptoms of VVD syndrome in certain age categories:

1. In adults, they manifest themselves against the background of chronic diseases - neuroses, injuries, gastrointestinal pathologies, hormonal disruptions.
2. In adolescents during the puberty, the functioning of the internal organs and a sharp jump in growth in most cases outstrips the formation of the regulation of the neuroendocrine system. The result of this imbalance is the aggravation of the manifestations of the autonomic dysfunction syndrome.
3. In children, stress can provoke VVD syndrome. These include emotional overload in the family, school and kindergarten. Conflicts with peers and caregivers, excessive control or indifference on the part of parents, an incomplete family are dangerous psychogenic situations that become fertile ground for maladaptation of the nervous system and the occurrence of disorders.
4. In newborns, the conditions for the development of autonomic dysfunction syndrome are equally pathologies of the perinatal period and birth trauma. In addition, diseases that a child suffers in the first days of life have a negative impact on the formation and development of the autonomic nervous system, thus laying the foundation for the onset of the VVD syndrome.

Statistics show that autonomic dysfunction syndrome occurs in 100% of adolescents, 80% of adults and 15% of children. Cases of VSD in women are several times more common than in men.

Manifestations of autonomic dysfunction

Autonomic dysfunction is characterized by the manifestation of many different symptoms.

Depending on the type of disorders, the symptoms can be completely different in each patient.

As a rule, symptoms are observed in a complex and they are combined into separate syndromes.

• Mental disorders - manifested by a deterioration in mood, hypochondria, uncontrollable unreasonable anxiety. In addition, there is a decrease in motor activity.
• Cardiac syndrome is characterized by the occurrence of heart pain from loads of a different nature: physical, mental, emotional.
• For cardiovascular - characterized by heart pain as a result of stress, rapid heart rate, fluctuations in blood pressure.
• Astheno-vegetative - is recognized by reduced ability to work, fatigue, dizziness, general exhaustion. He is also characterized by sensitivity to changes in the weather and intolerance to loud, sharp sounds.
• Respiratory - characterized by the appearance of shortness of breath in a stressful situation, there are complaints of lack of air, difficulty in breathing, a feeling of a compressed chest, a sore throat.
• Neurogastric - manifested by pain in the stomach, which does not depend on the frequency and amount of food intake. Other symptoms include spasm of the esophagus, difficulty swallowing, belching, heartburn, hiccups, constipation, flatulence.
• Cerebrovascular - inherent migraine, irritability, ischemic attacks.
• The syndrome of peripheral vascular disorders is characterized by swelling of the extremities, hyperemia of tissues, convulsions.

People who often suffer from headaches take pills to alleviate their condition. But sometimes there is no way to take the medicine or for some reason the pills are contraindicated. Click here for more information on non-drug treatments for headaches.

Diagnosis and treatment of VVD syndrome

• electrocardiograms;
• rheovasography;
• gastroscopy;
• electroencephalography;
• computed tomography.

Based on the results obtained and the identified provoking factors, a treatment tactic is selected, which is designed to alleviate the symptoms and prevent their occurrence in the future. To this end, it is effective to use non-pharmacological methods, with the help of which the patient will master the skills of controlling his emotions and managing seizures.

The complex of treatment and prevention includes:

1. Complete rest and quality sleep.
2. A balanced diet with the rejection of spicy and salty foods, strong tea and instant coffee.
3. Walks in the fresh air, sports games and visits to the pool.
4. It is recommended to avoid stressful and conflict situations, not to concentrate on the negative, but on the contrary - to focus on positive information, to receive positive emotions.
5. Minimize the presence of bad habits, exclude alcoholic beverages and smoking from the diet.

In severe cases, which significantly affect performance, physiotherapy and medications are prescribed: nootropic, sleeping pills, vascular drugs, antidepressants, vitamins. A tangible effect is achieved through phytotherapy. To do this, use herbal medicines:

• hawthorn fruits - have a cardiotonic effect and lower cholesterol;
• ginseng tincture - increases the metabolic rate, and also has a tonic effect;
• valerian, yarrow, St. John's wort - help reduce excitability, help restore sleep;
• wormwood, motherwort, thyme - restore psycho-emotional balance, normalize heart rhythm;
• lemon balm, mint, hops - have a calming and analgesic effect.

It is difficult to fight the autonomic dysfunction syndrome, but with due perseverance and a positive attitude, positive results are achieved and a long-term effect of therapy is maintained. It is important for people suffering from these disorders to remember that in many ways, success depends on their own efforts, because this is not a disease that can be cured by taking a few pills.

Adolescents between the ages of 11 and 16 often complain of headaches and fatigue. associated with puberty. Therefore, it is important for parents to know how to treat such conditions and how to prevent them.

Read about the causes of vegetative-vascular dystonia in children on the page.

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