What are the symptoms if the only kidney fails. Symptoms of kidney failure in humans

Any chronic disease sooner or later leads to functional insufficiency of the affected organ: it can no longer cope with the work assigned to it and begins to “jump”. The urinary system is no exception. What to do if the kidneys fail: why is this happening, how long does the patient have left to live, and is there a chance for recovery?

Causes and mechanism of development of renal failure

The kidney is a vital organ for a person in which the processes of filtration and reabsorption of blood, formation, primary accumulation and excretion of urine take place. The loss of the ability to perform the functions assigned by nature causes gross violations of the body and, in the absence of timely medical care, can lead to death.

Kidney failure can be the result of acute and chronic pathology.

Diseases leading to acute renal failure

• a sharp decrease in the volume of circulating blood caused by injuries, massive blood loss, burns, etc.;
• septicemia;
• acute urinary retention caused by a tumor, blockage of the ureter with a stone, prostate adenoma in men;
• acute ischemic damage to the tubules of the kidneys;
• poisoning with poisons or toxins;
• crash syndrome;
• acute tubular nephritis/glomerulonephritis;
• DIC;
• sudden obstruction (blockage) of blood vessels that feed the kidney.

• chronic inflammatory diseases of the kidney (pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis);
• urolithiasis disease;
• hydronephrosis;
• tumors of the urinary system.

In more than 90% of cases, the disease develops in adults. However, medicine knows cases of acute or chronic renal failure in children and adolescents. Provoking factors can affect both one organ and both. Bilateral kidney failure has an extremely poor prognosis.

In the pathogenesis of the disease, several key points are distinguished:

1. Violation of blood filtration by nephrons.
2. Accumulation in the body of toxins and end products of metabolism (urea, ammonia, urobilinogens).
3. Poisoning of internal organs, persistent disruption of their work.
4. Violation of water and electrolyte balance.
5. Acute respiratory, cardiovascular failure, failure of the central and peripheral nervous system.
6. development of renal coma.
7. Fatal outcome.

If a person has kidney failure, negative health effects develop very quickly. It is important to recognize them as early as possible in order to begin therapeutic measures to purify the blood and prevent internal organ failure.

Clinical signs of kidney failure

Depending on the provoking factor and the characteristics of the course of the disease, the symptoms of kidney failure in humans vary somewhat. But in the clinical picture of the pathology, the following pathogenetic signs are always present - a violation of the processes of urine excretion and intoxication of the body.

Acute renal failure manifests itself:

• a sharp decrease in the amount of urine excreted during the day (or a complete cessation of diuresis) - oliguria / anuria;
• the appearance of blood in excreted urine (with microscopy of the urinary sediment, a large number of leached erythrocytes is determined);
• noticeable swelling of the face and upper limbs;
• persistent increase in blood pressure;
• one- or two-sided aching, pulling pains in the lower back;
• signs of intoxication - weakness, drowsiness, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, unbearable skin itching, characteristic ammonia smell from the mouth;
• symptoms of fluid stagnation in the body: pulmonary edema, ascites.

With acute renal failure, signs of kidney failure progress rapidly: in the absence of timely treatment, patients live no more than 3-7 days.

Chronic kidney failure has the following symptoms:

• at the initial stage - an increase in the volume of daily diuresis (polyuria), then oliguria and anuria;
• frequent urge to urinate in the evening and at night (nocturia);
• puffiness;
• signs of general intoxication: dizziness and frequent headaches, aching in large joints; indigestion, bad breath, yellowish skin tone.

It is often difficult for a patient to notice a deterioration in his condition, since the kidneys fail gradually in chronic renal failure. Therefore, all patients with chronic pathology of the urinary organs after the treatment should remain in the dispensary and undergo regular examinations. The slightest signs of progression of the disease should not go unnoticed by the doctor.

Diagnostic methods

Diagnosis of patients with suspected acute or chronic urinary insufficiency is based on:

• data of anamnesis and typical clinical picture;
• clinical blood and urine tests;
• Reberg's test data, urine tests according to Zimnitsky;
• biochemical analysis of blood (special attention - to the level of creatinine and urea, reflecting the degree of disruption of the urinary organs);
• Ultrasound of the kidneys (allows you to find out how kidney failure developed, as well as the likely causes of the condition);
• other methods of visual diagnostics (radiography, excretory urography, MRI and CT).

Treatment: what are the patient's chances

What to do if a patient has kidney failure? Current methods of treating the condition today are:

1. Elimination of the causes of the disease. Depending on the provoking factor, the patient is prescribed a course of antibiotics, uroseptics, cytostatics, etc.
2. Correction of the main signs of pathology requires the use of diuretics, antihypertensive drugs, agents for the prevention of liver failure (Hofitol, Lespenefril).
3. Symptomatic treatment of possible complications (anemia, cardiovascular insufficiency, cerebrovascular accidents).
4. Renal replacement therapy, which includes blood purification using the "artificial kidney" apparatus.

How many years of life a patient has remains depends on many factors. According to statistics, hemodialysis can effectively purify the blood for 20-25 years or more. In order for a patient with kidney failure to live for a long time, it is important to regularly undergo dispensary examinations and follow the doctor's recommendations. Kidney failure today is not a sentence, but a disease that can and should be treated.

There are two kidneys in the human body, they perform a filtration function. That is, they remove toxins and harmful substances.

Violation in the work of organs leads to serious consequences for the body.

Intoxication develops, against which the kidneys and other internal organs refuse to work.

How to prevent the development of pathology and how long can you live with such a diagnosis?

Basic information about the disease

Kidney failure is a pathological condition that develops against the background of the course of renal failure in acute or chronic form.

The condition progresses rapidly and, in the absence of adequate therapy and various measures aimed at correction, leads to death.

The pathological condition develops for various reasons, one or both kidneys may fail.

This process is considered reversible, the condition can be compensated by various methods. But if measures are not taken in time, then serious harm will be done to human health.

Often, kidney failure develops as a complication of another disease, it can manifest itself against the background of a long and uncompensated course:

• diabetes;
• atherosclerosis;
• diseases of the heart or blood vessels;
• kidney pathologies (infectious, congenital or other diseases).

In this case, the compensation of the condition will not lead to the desired result, it will only save the patient's life. Regarding the condition of the patient, doctors are afraid to make predictions, since they can be extremely inaccurate.

Causes

Kidney failure develops due to a violation, a decrease in their filtration function. As a result of a violation of the outflow of blood from the arteries and fluid retention in the body.

Nominally, doctors divided the causes into 3 groups. Much depends on the factors that influence the functioning of organs.

Renal

These causes of the disease include:

• nephritis in an acute form of flow;
• severe intoxication of the body with various poisons (including medications);
• obstruction of blood vessels or veins;
• in the acute form of the current;
• damage to the tubules;
• intravascular coagulation.

In most cases, the condition develops against the background of high intoxication of the body with toxins and poisons, ischemia, papillary necrosis or pyelonephritis, which has developed due to the long course of tuberculosis.

Postrenal factor

Such reasons include various formations, tumor and other nature:

• stones in the ureters that block the flow of urine;
• BPH;
• formations in the bladder.

You can also note various formations in the ureters, kidneys and bladder, including growths of connective (fibrous tissue) that block urine output.

Perirenal source

Associated with fluid loss and impaired water and electrolyte metabolism in cells. Such reasons include:

• local or extensive burns of the skin;
• heatstroke;
• various etiologies of bleeding;
• heart or liver failure.

Against the background of fluid loss, a pathological condition develops, the arteries of the kidneys narrow sharply, and the outflow of blood and urine is disturbed.

It is easy to compensate for this condition and with timely contact with a medical institution, the prognosis is favorable.

Classification or types

The process has 2 main forms of flow, acute and chronic. The severity of symptoms, subsequent treatment and prognosis depend on the type of pathology.

acute form

Signs of the condition occur unexpectedly for a person, they are of an increasing nature, leading to congestion in the kidneys. Not only urine stagnates, but also blood.

Against the background of which the vessels burst, necrotic changes begin in the organs. In other words, tissues die.

The acute form has no prerequisites for the occurrence; it is not considered a sign of another, more dangerous disease.

It often occurs as a result of a violation of the water-salt balance in the body. Develops after toxic poisoning.

The kidneys react to a lack of fluid or intoxication in a special way, their arteries narrow, the outflow of urine stops, general intoxication develops, which further aggravates the patient's condition.

Fluid can “go” into the lungs, causing them to swell.

chronic course

Pathology develops slowly, its signs are sabo, so weak that a person may not pay attention to them.

But gradually the symptoms increase, the condition inhibits the work of the whole organism, such symptoms lead to the failure of many organs, death.

Signs of a chronic form of the course of the condition:

• excessive pallor of the skin, a change in complexion to yellow and even brown;
• complete absence of urination or a significant delay in the outflow of urine;
• high weakness, decreased performance;
• nausea with attacks, vomiting, lack of appetite;
• joint pain, tremor, pain in the lumbar region.

The patient's condition is constantly deteriorating, it is difficult to compensate for it, since kidney failure is caused by a long course of another disease: atherosclerosis, thrombosis, diabetes mellitus, etc.

Pathology in children

In children, this condition, in most cases, is congenital. That is, a child is born already with affected kidneys.

But organs can also fail with high intoxication, traumatic injuries.

If the pathological process is caused by congenital, then only surgery can save the baby.

If the whole thing is in trauma or poisoning, then you can get by with compensatory therapy,.

Symptoms and manifestation of the clinical picture

Symptoms directly depend on the stage at which the failure of renal functions is located. They can be hidden or explicit, it all depends on how fast the pathological process progresses.

Flow stages

In total, there are 5 stages of development of the state. From 1 to 3 stages, the symptoms correspond to the acute form of the course of kidney failure. Starting from 3 to 5 signs correspond to the chronic form of the course.

Stage 1–3 main features:

• puffiness;
• increase in blood pressure;
• nausea and bouts of vomiting;
• high concentration of salts in urine;
• itching of the skin;
• pain in the lower back or chest.

All these symptoms at the initial stage of development are poorly expressed, as the pathology progresses, the severity of the symptoms changes.

3-5 stages of the development of the disease, symptoms:

• severe swelling in the upper and lower extremities;
• digestive problems;
• high fatigue, weakness;
• bad breath;
• gum bleeding.

Symptoms increase slowly, the symptoms are disturbing on an ongoing basis. Gradually, a person loses a lot of weight, refuses food, drinks a lot, but the outflow of urine is disturbed.

Traditional methods and preparations

Traditional methods include the use of drugs with a different spectrum of action.

These can be herbal remedies, antibacterial or anti-inflammatory drugs, and others.

Such therapy is possible only at the initial stage of the development of the disease. In the future, another, more complex treatment will be required.

It is necessary to eliminate anemia, a violation of the outflow of urine and fluid retention in the body.

Organ replacement surgery

Transplantation is the only possible way out for those patients who have failed both or. The operation is complicated, it is necessary to wait for the donor organ. Its implementation is associated with various risks.

The most dangerous is the rejection of a donor organ - in this case, it is impossible to save a person's life without a second operation.

Transplantation will help extend a person's life by several years. But only if the patient follows the doctor's recommendations exactly.

Dialysis

Carry out this procedure in 2 ways. It allows you to cleanse the blood of toxins and poisons. Dialysis is done for all patients awaiting transplantation.

During the procedure, the blood is pumped and purified, dialysis takes a long time, but its implementation helps to maintain life.

Folk methods

Folk recipes for kidney failure are just an addition to the main therapy.

Herbs and plant extracts will not solve the problem.

Consequences and complications

Kidney failure leads to serious consequences, against the background of a long course in a person, internal organs are affected: the brain, lungs, and gastrointestinal organs.

In this case, the prognosis can hardly be called favorable, even if the person survives, a long rehabilitation will be required.

chances of survival

There are no specific statistics that tell how long a patient with a diagnosis of kidney failure can live.

Much depends on the state of the whole organism and the time of contacting a doctor for help.

In the acute form of the course of the condition, the prognosis can be called favorable, provided that the patient got to the medical facility on time and received proper assistance.

In the chronic form of the course, the prognosis is considered unfavorable.

The thing is that the disease over a long period of time causes damage to the entire body. This leads to irreversible consequences and death.

Disease prevention

Kidney failure is a pathological, serious condition, leading to serious consequences. The kidneys cease to perform the filtration function partially or completely, against which other organs are affected. If the condition is not compensated, then the probability of death is high.

In the event of kidney failure in a person, complete poisoning of the body begins, which inevitably leads to death, if emergency measures are not taken. Of course, the question of how long people live after organ failure cannot be answered unambiguously. There are cases when a person lived for more than half a century, and someone has a few years left. When the kidneys fail, the real chance of continuing life depends on the individual characteristics of the body, the measures taken and the timeliness of the detection of pathology.

The kidneys are the biological filter of the human body. It is thanks to this body that many harmful and toxic substances are excreted. If kidney failure occurs, the blood stops being filtered, and urea is not excreted from the body. A rapid accumulation of toxins begins, which gradually saturate all internal organs. In conditions of severe poisoning, the body is unable to function, which is manifested by the failure of many organs. Without external intervention in the cleansing process, the chances of human survival are rapidly approaching zero.

Naturally, it doesn't just appear. This is facilitated by objective reasons, both exogenous and endogenous. Pathology can occur at any age - both in infants and the elderly. Under the influence of circumstances, one kidney may fail, and then the entire load falls on the second kidney. The worst option is the failure of both kidneys.

Etiology

The kidneys fail as a result when the functioning of the organ becomes impossible. There are such types of renal failure: prerenal, renal and postrenal form. The prerenal type of pathology is associated with a violation of the blood supply regime. The main reasons for this phenomenon: atherosclerosis, thrombosis, diabetes mellitus.

The renal variety of the disease is caused by prolonged exposure to poisonous and potent drugs. Kidney damage develops at the cellular level and is irreversible. Some diseases of the internal organs, excessive alcohol addiction can lead to such a pathology. The postrenal form is the result of blockage of the urinary passages associated with the kidneys. The reasons:
urolithiasis, prostate adenoma, various tumor formations.

The kidneys can fail due to dehydration, excessive accumulation of potassium in the tissues, severe body burns. As a rule, a slowly developing process of an endogenous nature leads to kidney failure, but cases of unexpected failure are also recorded under the influence of a powerful factor. In a child, pathology is caused by congenital malformations.

Symptoms

When kidney failure occurs, symptoms appear depending on the etiological mechanism and the severity of the disease. True, there are also signs of kidney failure, which do not depend on the root causes, because they are due to the essence of the pathology. First of all, it is a stop in the production of urine, which is manifested by the cessation of the urge to urinate. Urine ceases to stand out or its amount is extremely small. This is the initial manifestation, which then develops into overt symptoms of kidney failure caused by general intoxication of the body and renal necrosis. If measures are not taken, then in adults and children, consequences such as severe toxic poisoning and urinic coma are inevitable, which, in turn, cause stroke and heart attack.

In order to have a chance of preventing a fatal outcome, urgent measures must be taken when the acute phase of renal failure has not reached the stage of complete organ failure. The following symptoms of the initial period of pathology are distinguished: oliguria and anuria, the appearance of blood traces in the urine, swelling of the extremities and face, nausea and vomiting, arterial hypertension, general weakness, pain in the abdomen in front and from the back, skin itching.

At the next stage, intoxication and such signs develop: hematomas in different parts of the body, accumulation of fluid in the lungs, shortness of breath, trembling throughout the body, and an unpleasant odor when breathing. Everything ends in a coma. It should be remembered that acute failure develops very quickly and, as a rule, 6-10 hours are enough before complete kidney failure and death.

Treatment options

If emergency measures are not taken at the time of complete kidney failure, death is inevitable within 10-24 hours.

Only urgent and vigorous treatment gives a chance for survival. It should be understood that failure is an irreversible phenomenon, and the measures taken are aimed at cleansing the body from the outside or installing a donor organ. When carrying out energetic therapeutic measures, a person can live normally for a long time, remaining limited able-bodied.

Active treatment for kidney failure is based on the following methods: hemodialysis, and organ transplantation. Hemodialysis is a so-called artificial kidney, which provides blood filtration. Carrying out such a procedure for 3-5 hours 3-5 times a week allows you to normalize metabolic processes and water-electrolyte balance. This technology allows to extend the life of a person by an average of 15-20 years.

Peritoneal dialysis is based on creating conditions when your own peritoneum begins to perform the functions of the kidneys. For this purpose, a special fluid is injected into the peritoneum. This treatment technique is able to save life on average 10-15 years. Finally, kidney transplantation is the most radical and modern way. The experience of such operations shows that the life of a sick person can be extended by more than 30-35 years.

Kidney failure is considered by diagnosticians as a serious pathological condition of the patient, in which the filtering ability of this paired organ is completely reduced.

All fluids of the human body, like blood, are processed from harmful substances and accumulated decay products in the kidneys. Disabling the organ provokes a chemical imbalance in the body, it becomes the cause of subsequent serious complications.

General information and features of the onset of the pathological condition

Mortal danger awaits a patient who ignores the signs of kidney failure. Due to general medical illiteracy, the symptoms of this pathological condition are far from known to everyone, so it is necessary to study information about each symptom of this disease.

Only the immediate help of a specialist will help save the patient and prevent the onset of serious complications that are incompatible with life.

Based on the symptoms that appear in the patient, there are several types:

• acute form of the disease;
• chronic course of the disease with emerging individual complications;
• upon onset, the symptoms change before our eyes, complications may disappear, then reappear with greater force.

Sometimes, if the kidneys fail, the acute form bothers the patient for several days. The most common case is unexpected kidney failure, which often occurs even when the overall well-being is satisfactory.

Diagnosis of the chronic course of the disease is seriously hampered by the spontaneous manifestation of symptoms, there are periods of remission and complete temporary absence of symptoms.

If the acute stage occurs due to a sudden violation of the water balance, then the chronic course is explained by the compensation of damaged renal tissue with healthy cells. But it will not be possible to live with such a diagnosis for a long time, the damaged tissue eventually reaches such sizes that healthy cells can no longer replace it.

Symptoms of pathology

Since there are several stages in the course of this condition, the symptoms for each of them are also different. The chronic form is characterized by gradually increasing pain, the violation of the process of urination slowly increases. People suffering from the disease often wake up at night to go to the toilet.

Symptoms of kidney failure in a person suffering from a chronic form of the disease are as follows:

• there is bleeding gums;
• limbs swell;
• when the kidneys gradually fail, appetite is significantly reduced;
• disorders and all kinds of other disorders in the work of the gastrointestinal tract are ascertained;
• people feel pain in the chest area, they are disturbed by the same sensations in the bones;
• unpleasant odors appear in the oral cavity;
• over time, the skin turns pale, the color turns into shades of brown or yellow.

The exact symptom of kidney deficiency is uremic frost, due to which a white coating appears on the skin of the face and cervical region.

Signs of acute onset of insufficiency are:

• a small amount of blood when urinating;
• unpleasant sudden skin itching;
• pain in the back and abdomen;
• high blood pressure;
• sudden weakness is stated, physical fatigue quickly sets in;
• spontaneous vomiting and nausea reflex.

Such symptoms due to renal insufficiency should be treated immediately, and the patient transported to a medical facility.

Causes and consequences of delayed treatment

The work of the kidneys gradually fades away for a variety of reasons, which are divided into separate groups:

• problems and disorders in the circulatory system;
• development of atherosclerosis, thrombosis of any type;
• occurrence of diabetes.
• to provoke kidney failure to a person by force, overdoing it in taking concentrated drugs and chemical compounds. It is also easy to be left without this organ in chronic pyelonephritis or other kidney diseases;
• urolithiasis, the development of an adenoma of an important prostate gland, even necrotizing papillitis.
• severe extensive burns, an increased percentage of potassium, the onset of dehydration also answer the question: why did these organs suddenly fail in a patient.

The consequences of the acute form of the disease are necrosis of the renal tissue, which develop due to a serious restriction of the blood circulation of the organ. The chronic course of the disease provokes toxic poisoning of the body, immunity decreases, strokes are possible from the heart. The occurrence of internal bleeding is noted.

Stages of therapy

If a patient has a kidney failure, only the doctor predicts how long to live, and the results of timely tests affect the duration and quality of life. Patients need to trust the attending physician and follow all the prescriptions of doctors. It is necessary to adhere to the prescribed therapy.

Physicians can cure the form of acute insufficiency completely. In this case, there will be no signs of this pathological process in the body. Many live with chronic insufficiency and do not turn to specialists, which does not guarantee a 100% cure.

Therapy to restore the functionality of a paired organ includes certain specific steps:

• The initial stage is getting rid of the cause of the onset of insufficiency, most often a course of treatment of the underlying disease is prescribed. Large doses of antibiotics supporting natural herbal solutions and other methods that increase effectiveness.
• The second step is to reduce the intensity of the spread of damage to the kidney tissue. If a person has lived with a chronic form for a long time, it is necessary to choose the most effective means of recovery correctly.
• Getting rid of developed complications: anemia that manifested itself.
• Support activities. Sometimes the symptoms of kidney failure and the consequences require replacement therapy.

If it is impossible to restore renal activity, an intra-abdominal procedure is prescribed through a specialized apparatus "". Serious acute pathological disorders and the impossibility of responding to the main treatment force doctors to resort to an urgent transplantation of a donor kidney.

If any symptom occurs, it is categorically impossible to resort to self-treatment of renal failure. Only a specialist conducts effective tests and reveals the presence of pathologies in the organ.

To earn kidney failure, the symptoms and consequences of which are very difficult for any person to experience. It is necessary to protect the health of this organ, because the kidneys may not regain their health.

Every year the number of people who need the help of a urologist or nephrologist is growing, as constant stress, unhealthy diet, a sedentary lifestyle habitual for most, bad habits, etc. lead to development. Many of these ailments can cause kidney failure, that is, the occurrence of kidney failure. In this case, people without organ transplantation are doomed to lifelong hemodialysis or death. In order to prevent such a sad outcome, one should pay attention to the symptoms of kidney failure at the earliest stages.

What is kidney failure?

There are two types:

1. Acute. This category includes cases of short-term (from several hours to several days) kidney failure or impaired functioning. Usually this condition is reversible and is the result of toxic or infectious damage to organs. OPN is characterized by a violation of the renal blood flow, as a result of which the products of nitrogen metabolism, poisonous to the human body, linger in the cells and poison them.
2. Chronic. They speak of CRF with a significant reduction in the number of functioning nephrons in the kidneys, as a result of which they are unable to timely and fully remove waste products. Therefore, toxic substances accumulate in the body and poison it. This form of the disease develops slowly and imperceptibly for a person, since healthy nephrons take over all the work, thus, they are overloaded and, as a result, also die.

Attention! The end stage of kidney failure is complete kidney failure.

Symptoms of pathology

Signs of acute renal failure

It develops quickly and its symptoms appear almost immediately. Usually patients complain of:

• a sudden decrease in the amount of urine or its complete absence;
• weakness;
• loss of appetite;
• nausea;
• increase in pressure;
• the appearance of noticeable edema on the face and limbs;
• a sharp increase in weight, which is due to acute fluid retention in the body;
• vomiting;
• pain in the abdomen or back;
• skin itching;
• the presence of blood in the urine, if present.

If medical attention is not provided when these signs of kidney failure appear, fluid will continue to accumulate in the body, including in the lungs. Therefore, the patient will experience:

• dyspnea;
• irresistible drowsiness;
• confusion.

Also, hematomas and bleeding can appear on the body for no reason. Often, patients experience convulsions and loss of consciousness.

Important! With the development of acute renal failure, a person may fall into a coma, but with proper treatment, the working capacity of the organs will be restored.

Signs of CRF

As mentioned above, it develops gradually, therefore, signs of kidney failure do not appear immediately. Even when the pathological process has affected these vital organs, a person may not feel any changes in his condition. Only over time, his health deteriorates, and the first alarming bells appear. If they are recognized in time and measures are taken to improve the functioning of the kidneys, the destructive process can be stopped. Therefore, it is very important to consult a doctor if the following symptoms appear. CKD may initially present with:

• excessive amount of urine;
• frequent nighttime urination;
• the appearance of edema both in the morning and in the evening;
• shortness of breath;
• feeling unwell;
• nausea;
• bad breath;
• vomiting;
• pale skin;
• loss of appetite;
• pain in the chest area;
• the acquisition of a characteristic yellowish or brownish hue by the skin;
• women have amenorrhea;
• bleeding gums;
• the appearance of bleeding and easy formation of hematomas;
• protrusion of white crystals on the surface of the skin, the so-called uremic frost.

In severe cases, patients may experience:

• cramps and muscle spasms;
• fainting;
• uremic coma in severe cases.

Attention! In the absence of timely highly qualified medical care, the patient may die.

Consequences of kidney failure

The consequences of kidney failure are easy to predict. In the presence of acute renal failure, as a result of a prolonged violation of renal bleeding, necrosis of the renal cortex often develops. In addition, pulmonary edema and pyelonephritis may occur, which is caused by stagnation of blood and urine, which creates favorable conditions for the growth and reproduction of bacteria.

CRF has the most severe consequences, since the nervous system suffers due to the prolonged presence of excessive amounts of uremic toxins in the body. Therefore, patients often have hand tremors, and subsequently convulsions. In certain cases, CRF leads to impaired mental functions. A characteristic sign of kidney failure is the development of anemia, a significant decrease in immunity and, consequently, an increased risk of contracting infectious diseases.

When the kidneys fail, all body systems suffer. The cardiovascular system is no exception. Therefore, in patients with a neglected form of pathology, hypertension is detected, which provokes the early onset of complete kidney failure. Also, in the presence of CRF, people often end up in hospitals with strokes and heart attacks.

The consequences of kidney failure also affect the genital area, so in women with CRF, sexual desire is noticeably reduced as a result of a deterioration in the production of sex hormones. The gastrointestinal tract and the musculoskeletal system also suffer. Patients may open gastrointestinal bleeding, develop anorexia, osteodystrophy, as a result of which the risk of fractures increases significantly.