Signs of bronchial asthma in children 4 5. When is a doctor most likely to suspect asthma in a child? Do I need to see a doctor

Bronchial asthma- this is inflammatory disease respiratory tract, which chronic. The disease is very difficult to identify and recognize in a child, because its symptoms are similar to those of a cold or bronchitis. Parents should pay more attention to a toddler who has been diagnosed with asthma and always be prepared for an unexpected asthmatic crisis.

Bronchial asthma - chronic illness which cannot be completely cured

Reasons for the development of the disease

The development of the disease is based on an IgE-dependent immune response to a stimulus. If the body has a sensitive predisposition to the allergen, the first manifestations of the disease upon contact with it begin instantly. For example, it is very dangerous for a child with bronchial asthma who is allergic to cat or dog hair to enter a house where there is home pet. This is fraught with an instant attack of suffocation.

The main risk factors for developing asthma in a child include:

• hereditary predisposition. If one of the close relatives of the baby has asthma, the risk of developing allergic reactions in the child increases several times.
• Contact with household allergens. Bronchial asthma can occur in children living in a house where there is a fungus, cockroaches or pets. Allergens are also plant pollen, house dust, dandruff or certain foods.
• Second hand smoke. A child who inhales cigarette smoke is automatically at risk.
• Food. In one-year-old children, food is often the main cause of asthma. Allergens can be eggs, fish, dairy products.
• Chronic pathological disorders respiratory system. Regular disturbances in the functioning of the bronchi lead to their hyperreactivity, that is, increased excitability to allergic manifestations. Constant relapses contribute to obstructive respiratory syndrome, which sooner or later can provoke suffocation.
• Medications. Allergens are most often antibacterial drugs and products containing aspirin.

Forms of bronchial asthma

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There are several criteria for classifying bronchial asthma. Depending on the origin of asthma, there are three main forms of the disease:

1. allergic type. Atopic bronchial asthma is caused by an external or internal stimulus. In most cases, the main reason for its occurrence is a genetic predisposition to the development of allergic reactions. The first symptoms of the disease appear at the age of 2-4 years. Asthma of this type begins with a feeling of irritation in the nose, dry cough, sneezing, followed by sudden short-term attacks of suffocation.
2. Infection-dependent type. Asthma also occurs as a result of frequent respiratory infections at an early age. Bacteria that enter the bronchi disrupt their work. If a child has even the slightest predisposition to allergic asthma, then the infection in respiratory tract may lead to its development. The disease is manifested by sore throat, strong cough that does not go away after a course of drug therapy.
3. Cough asthma. The causative agents of the disease are not only allergens. The precipitating factors also include chemical irritants, stressful situations, bad ecology. Cough asthma is not accompanied by shortness of breath or wheezing. Its main symptom is a dry cough without sputum. If the specialist cannot diagnose this form on early stages, it will develop into classic asthma with more serious manifestations.

The first signs of the disease in children

The first signs of bronchial asthma occur in infants. This disease is very difficult to detect at an early age, as it can be easily confused with SARS or other respiratory infections. hallmark disease is the absence of fever.

The symptoms of asthma in a child are:

• sleep disorders;
• clear discharge from the nose in the morning that causes sneezing;
• dry cough during the day, which is worse in the evening and at night.

Symptoms of bronchial asthma in infants and children older than a year

Newborns are the most difficult to diagnose bronchial asthma. At this age, the disease occurs against the background of food or drug allergens. In some cases, bronchial asthma in children under one year old is the result of an improper lifestyle of the mother.

The disease in babies up to a year is accompanied by the following symptoms:

• Dry cough that gets worse lying position. In the morning, coughing attacks are insignificant, but in the afternoon its intensity and frequency increase significantly.
• Viscous sputum, which begins to stand out only in the late afternoon.
• Remote wheezing. The wheezing of the baby can be heard not only by the doctor, they can be heard by any person who is next to the patient.
• Whistling shortness of breath. AT rare cases the baby has shortness of breath. The breathing of an infant with asthma is predominantly whistling and loud.

At the time of the attack, the baby may experience cyanosis of the integument and mucous membranes. The frequency of asthmatic crises depends on contact with the allergen. For example, if a certain plant acts as an allergen, exacerbations will occur during its flowering period.

In older children, pressure, rapid pulse, lack of air and chest pain are added to the above signs, the cough is more protracted. AT adolescence some children may go into remission. Repeated relapse happens when the environment changes, for example when moving.

Diagnosis of the disease

Parents should seek immediate medical attention if asthma is suspected. First, the doctor will conduct an examination and collect information about the diseases of close relatives in order to exclude or confirm the baby's genetic predisposition to allergic reactions that provoked asthma.

After collecting an anamnesis, the doctor proceeds to prescribe additional diagnostic measures. Complete clinical picture develops after the child has passed the following tests:

• general detailed blood test;
• biochemical diagnostics of blood;
• general analysis or bacterial culture sputum;
• radiography or fluorography;
• diagnostics of lung function (spirometry);
• allergic diagnostic tests to determine the allergen;
• provocative tests to study the functionality of the bronchi.

How to recognize an asthma attack and what to do to help your child?

Parents of a patient with asthma should always be prepared for the fact that the baby may have an asthmatic attack. They should study all possible manifestations during an exacerbation in order to recognize them and help their child in time. Depends on further state baby health. Possible symptoms of an asthma attack include the following:

1. Increasing the frequency of breaths. Normally, a child takes 20 breaths per minute, during a crisis this figure increases significantly.
2. Lack of air. The child begins to choke due to spasm of the bronchial muscles.
3. Expansion of the nostrils. In one-year-old children, this manifestation may indicate an impending exacerbation.
4. The appearance of wheezing and whistling. The baby listens to both wheezing and whistling on exhalation.
5. Blueness of the covers. The skin around the mouth and nose in some children becomes bluish.
6. Posture change. During an asthmatic crisis, the child becomes difficult to breathe, so he begins to change his position in order to alleviate his suffering. Pressing the head to the chest, leaning on the elbow or raising the head up indicates the beginning of suffocation.

First you need to call an ambulance and calm the baby, because seizures cause severe stress in children. If an adult knows which allergen provoked an attack, then he must urgently stop contact with him, that is, take the patient out of the room or open the windows.

First first aid also includes inhalation with a special drug for asthmatics. If the baby is small, parents should always carry a bronchodilator inhaler (Ventolin or Salbutamol) with them. Older children who go to kindergarten or school should put the drug in a backpack or bag. The teacher or class teacher must be aware of the illness and, if necessary, must provide appropriate assistance.

Treatment Methods

Bronchial asthma is very serious illness, which requires a well-chosen basic therapy. Even though it can't be cured. Otherwise, parental negligence may lead to irreversible consequences. When contacting a specialist, the doctor must first determine the allergen using laboratory and instrumental methods diagnostics. Based on research findings, asthma therapy in children may include medication and non-medication. drug treatment, as well as folk ways to get rid of the disease.

Medication use

Medicine is powerless against this disease, so basic therapy is aimed at alleviating the condition of the child. Most drugs for bronchial asthma are intended for inhalation administration.

The drug course for bronchial asthma includes the following drugs:

The main task of the doctor when prescribing a course of basic treatment is to identify and eliminate the allergen. If, due to circumstances, it is impossible to get rid of it, the child has to be treated with specific immunotherapy. Its essence lies in the introduction of a dose of the allergen into the baby's body. A gradual increase in dose will achieve a decrease in sensitivity to the provoking allergen.

Alternative medicine

Alternative medicine in recent years has again become relevant. Bronchial asthma is a disease that needs to be treated with several drugs at the same time. Such a load on the child's liver and kidneys does not always suit parents, so they tend to replace drugs with safer drugs with a similar effect. Treatment of bronchial asthma with alternative methods is aimed at alleviating the following symptoms of the disease:

• Removal of inflammation. The main assistants are sage, yarrow, chamomile, lungwort.
• Strengthening immunity. Celandine, echinacea, horsetail are universal means to improve the functioning of the immune system.
• Spasmolytic action. Herbs that suppress bronchial spasm are chamomile, fennel, St. John's wort, wild rosemary.
• Mucus liquefaction. Nettle, mother and stepmother contribute to its removal from the bronchi.

Alternative Therapy Options

Not all parents prefer the medical method of treating bronchial asthma. Apart from drug therapy The following alternative options contribute to alleviating the manifestations of the disease:

• Physiotherapy. Aerosol and heat-moist inhalations, electrophoresis, phonophoresis are procedures recommended for patients with bronchial asthma. They have good healing effect and help to restore the functionality of the bronchi.
• Massage course. This procedure is very effective in restoring bronchial dilatory capacity. It is performed in intervals between attacks. The course of massage reduces the severity of attacks and their frequency.

• Breathing exercises. Gymnastics helps to alleviate the course of the disease and improve health. Most effective complex breathing exercises belongs to the author A.N. Strelnikova (we recommend reading:). Her breathing exercises prevent the onset of asthmatic crises, increase immunity, and suppress allergic reactions.
• Spa treatment. Children with asthma are advised to go to the sea every 1-3 years. Sea air perfectly strengthens the respiratory system. Climatic procedures - air and sun baths, swimming in the sea - form the basis of spa treatment and ensure the activation of the function of the respiratory organs.
• Halotherapy. Staying in a halochamber creates the effect of a visit salt cave. The passage of halotherapy in combination with a course of drug treatment allows you to reduce the number of drugs taken or resort to more gentle medicines.
• Diet therapy. A child with asthma should follow a special diet hypoallergenic products - lean varieties meat, cereals, greens, vegetables, butter, dried fruits and dairy products. Doctors also recommend foods that contain vitamin E - sunflower oil, liver, legumes and cereals.

Is it possible to get rid of asthma permanently?

Today, bronchial asthma is not as dangerous a disease as it was a couple of decades ago. Children are still not cured of it forever, but thanks to new diagnostic methods and an increase in the number of treatments, asthma has simply moved into the category of chronic diseases.

Bronchial asthma in children, the symptoms of which can be easily identified, is increasingly common in childhood or even infancy. In this case, the course of the disease is chronic, accompanied by obstructions or periods of relative calm.

Scheme of the development of pathology

AT human body there are bronchi, which are part of the respiratory system. They are branched structures inside the lungs. They are covered on the outside smooth muscle, the contraction of which causes a decrease in the lumen of the bronchi, and relaxation causes expansion. Such work of muscle fibers is natural for the human body.. The presence of muscles is necessary to increase the lumen, in cases where it is necessary to inhale large quantity air during exercise.

In bronchial asthma, there is a violation normal operation muscles.

In the presence of an external irritant, which can be any allergen, excessive exercise stress, emotional stress, there is an involuntary spasm of the bronchi, which manifests itself at the wrong time.

Also, due to the course of an allergic reaction and the accompanying inflammatory process, swelling of the mucous membrane occurs, accompanied by the appearance of viscous "vitreous" sputum. This factor worsens the situation many times over.

The diagnosis of bronchial asthma can be made after the first manifestations of the signs described in this article, but requires full examination to clarify the opinion of the doctor.

7 main reasons for the development of bronchial asthma in children

The causes of bronchial asthma in children are mostly associated with an allergic predisposition, or are a consequence of frequent colds.

Mikhailova Lyubov Igorevna, allergist, 1st City Clinical Hospital, Kirov

My profile is allergies, and this is the reason children and adults are referred to me for asthma. I must say right away that the treatment of bronchial asthma in a child is a long and complicated process. Requires taking various drugs for a long time.

It is necessary to determine the allergen that causes the development of a crisis. It is difficult for a child to explain why he should not eat eggs or honey, because he does not understand what an allergy is. With a certain persistence of parents, it is possible to exclude “harmful” foods from the diet, which helps to cope with asthma with “little blood”.

To understand how to treat bronchial asthma in a child, you should know the causes. It is customary to allocate 7 main causes of this unpleasant disease:

Forms of bronchial asthma and its division into classes

When diagnosing a disease, all pulmonologists should be guided by a document published by WHO. All available varieties of bronchial asthma in this document are divided according to two criteria:

• features of the origin of the disease;
• the severity of it.

But in the light of recent scientific research, such a large division is clearly not sufficient, since new methods in the classification of asthma should take into account a large number of nuances, among which:

• the severity of the disease before the start of treatment;
• whether there is a response of the body to the treatment and how significant it is;
• whether it is possible to control the course of the disease in such a way as to prolong periods of remission and prevent the occurrence of new attacks;
• is there a relationship between the cause of the disease and the characteristics of its course;
• possible causes of complications during the course of the disease.

A clear definition of the cause of the onset of the disease can lead not only to effective therapy, but also help to stop an attack of bronchial asthma in time. According to the causes of the appearance, the disease is divided into three large subgroups:

Bronchial asthma - an allergic form

In this case, the causative agent is external stimulus in the form of an allergen that enters children's body respiratory route or with food, which is less common. As respiratory allergens considered:

• fungal spores;
• plant pollen;
• animal hair;
• ticks;
• tobacco smoke.

The initial reaction at similar form always develops in the respiratory tract and manifests itself in the form of sinusitis, rhinitis,.

Against the background of the course of these concomitant diseases, atopic bronchial asthma begins to develop in children. Much less often, the cause of the development of seizures can be food. It is accompanied, along with the emergence external manifestations, in the form of a rash, redness, stool disorders, coughing or asthma attacks.

How to distinguish a common cough from an allergic one, see.

At food allergies often there is an attack of bronchial asthma in children, which can lead to a condition known as anaphylactic shock. AT this case urgent care is required for bronchial asthma in children.

infection-dependent asthma

Such a disease as bronchial asthma in children, Komarovsky also subdivides into an endogenous variety of the disease. In this case, the factors leading to a change in the lumen of the bronchi and causing cough and attacks, microorganisms act.

According to statistics, respiratory diseases and bacterial infections upper respiratory tract in childhood can trigger asthma attacks.

Identifying cases of this type of asthma is quite simple.: all symptoms quickly disappear during hormone therapy and in the case of the use of drugs belonging to the group of bronchodilators.

Mixed asthma

The causative agents of this type of disease are both allergens and microorganisms.. Factors that provoke the disease can be:

• poor environmental conditions;
• stressful situations;
• bad habits;
• various chemical irritants.

A separate type of bronchial asthma, not included in any category, is the cough form of the disease. Due to the lack of pronounced symptoms, it is difficult to diagnose.

A similar variety appears on the background persistent cough, which may indicate diseases such as bronchial obstruction.

The early identification of the allergen and its complete exclusion from the life of the child will be the key Get well soon. Therefore, do not delay a visit to the allergist.

Symptoms that give the right to suspect the presence of asthma

Timely diagnosis of any disease is a sure chance to provide competent and correct treatment. Asthma is no exception general rule. Bronchial asthma in children, the symptoms of which are known, is a disease that can be overcome. The first signs that should be " alarm bell for parents are as follows:

• systematically occurring whistling when the child breathes;
• frequent for no apparent reason;
• coughing or difficulty breathing in direct contact with the source of the allergy;
• the occurrence of whistles in the breath after exercise or emotional upheaval;
• complete absence desired efficiency from application.

At the same time, there is a division of asthma according to the severity of its manifestation:

1. Mild degree is characterized by short-term and rare manifestations of the main symptoms. Attacks are short and well eliminated with the help of appropriate drugs.. After physical activity, there is no deterioration in the child's condition. No cough at night.
2. The average degree is distinguished by the regularity of the occurrence of seizures, which occur weekly. Symptoms in the form of bouts of nocturnal cough also show a periodic character. Physical exercises available only to a limited extent.
3. The severe degree in which infectious-allergic bronchial asthma proceeds is characterized by very frequent attacks that have a long duration. Night cough can cause an asthma attack in bronchial asthma. Practically completely excluded periods of absence of symptoms. Physical activity contraindicated.

In cases where the onset of the crisis cannot be eliminated on its own, emergency assistance is required for an attack of bronchial asthma, which ambulance doctors can provide.

Diagnostic measures

Carrying out diagnostic measures, which are based on the medical history (bronchial asthma in a child), includes whole complex measures aimed at determining the type of disease, its severity, and other related parameters.

The first stage of diagnosis is the study of anamnesis, determination external signs the presence of a disease.

The next step, if asthma is suspected, is the appointment clinical research which include a blood test. During the analysis, the immunological status of the patient is determined, and tests are also carried out to identify a group of allergens that are causally significant.

Also, during the diagnostic period, instrumental parameters are checked. They include checking respiratory function . Also on this stage all internal organs through ECG, ultrasound.

Bronchial asthma: the medical history of therapy is final stage diagnosis and is a descriptive part of the anamnesis and genesis of the disease, as well as the data of the obtained research results.

In the future, the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma in children allows not only the treatment of the patient in case of crises, but also the prevention of bronchial asthma in children during periods of remission.

Bronchial asthma in children, symptoms and treatment

After the diagnosis is made and it is determined that the child suffers from this particular disease, basic therapy for bronchial asthma in children is required.

There are several treatment options, among which are traditional medical methods and folk methods, mainly consisting in carrying out phytotherapy.

Treatment of bronchial asthma in children with folk methods and the use of inhalers cannot be considered the only way to defeat the disease, but is able to provide effective impact only in combination with medication.

If bronchial asthma is observed in children, only the attending physician can give clinical recommendations based on a number of factors.

With drug treatment, two groups of therapeutic courses are distinguished:

• symptomatic, when treatment is reduced to the removal of emerging seizures;
• basic, when drugs are taken for a long time, aimed at eliminating the cause of the disease.

As drugs for symptomatic treatment, medications are used that have vasodilating action, allowing you to quickly increase the lumen of the bronchi and facilitate breathing.

These include drugs:

• Bitolterol;
• Terbutaline;
• Theophylline;
• Ipratropium bromide, and a number of others.

It is possible to take medicines in inhaled form, which simplifies the process of taking the medicine, but reduces the effectiveness, since most of active substance settles in the pharynx, and only 20% "gets" to the bronchi.

Among existing methodologies, to improve the process of entry of the active substance into the bronchi during inhalation treatment, it is possible to note application .

This type of inhaler is capable of transferring the medicine from liquid form into a fine aerosol, which has a positive effect on the absorption of the active substance.

Kiryanov Mikhail Vladislavovich, pulmonologist, clinic of modern medicine "Unimed", Vladimir

The treatment of bronchial asthma is always a rather difficult process that requires long-term diagnosis and all assistance from the parents of the child and the doctor.

For the most part, in my practice, there are cases of asthma caused by various allergens. In our clinic, it is possible to quickly take tests to determine allergens, which helps me, as a doctor, get the results and understand what course of treatment is needed.

One of the recent discoveries for me was the Erius drug, which is most effective among others. antihistamines. Its use in most cases helps to prevent the onset of an attack in the event of an allergen entering the body.

The use of drugs for symptomatic treatment is not long positive effect and in most cases habituation is observed. To avoid such an effect, careful adherence to the dosage is required.

For basic therapy, several groups of drugs are used at once, including:

• designed to reduce allergic manifestations;
• antibiotics to get rid of existing infectious pathogens;
• preparations of the hormonal spectrum;
• contributing to the stabilization of the cell membrane.

As drugs for allergies, the most effective are:

• Tavegil;
• Suprastin;
• Zodak;
• Erius.

To stabilize cell membranes are used:

• Ketotifen;
• Tailed;
• Intal.

In some cases, the attending physician may prescribe drugs such as Accolate or Singular, which in themselves are not intended to stop an attack or affect the lumen of the bronchi, but help the body cope with hypersensitivity to allergens.

The most commonly used drugs, their dosage and administration features are shown in the table.

Nursing process as part of planned treatment

Highly important point for the treatment of asthma is the nursing process for bronchial asthma in children, carried out in the conditions of moving the child to the hospital.

Nursing care for asthma in children is a way to improve general state sick, to treat an attack of bronchial asthma, to prevent complications.

There are three forms of such care:

• dependent, when therapy is carried out at the direction of a doctor;
• interdependent, when the nurse acts as part of a team;
• independent, when care is provided as part of the supervision of physical condition patient and diet.

Nursing care for a child with asthma includes:

• initial preparation for research and testing;
• monitoring the execution of doctor's instructions;
• planning the optimal schedule for patient care;
• leisure organization. The treatment of children is a special process and requires the nurse to advise parents on organizing the child's leisure activities, which includes the transfer of toys or books to the hospital.

Prevention

As preventive measures most often it is recommended to follow a few simple rules:

1. The regular presence of the child fresh air.
2. Exclusion of the possibility of contact with potential sources of allergies.
3. Carrying out preventive measures to improve immunity.
4. Passing physical therapy courses.
5. Implementation of regular wet cleaning in the premises where the patient lives.
6. Refusal of others from smoking.
7. The use of synthetic fillers for pillows and blankets, as well as a decrease in the amount of upholstered furniture in the apartment.
8. Constant fight against rodents and domestic insects.

Frequent exposure to fresh air reduces the risk of disease. Therefore, you should often leave the city, visit the forest or the village.

Compliance with the rules will minimize the risk of bronchial asthma in a child.

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Is it true that you need to give birth exactly on time, and any deviation is a pathology? Is it true that girls know the time of conception to the minute?

And the most main question Do these mothers have the same children?
Py.sy - emoticons are not put.
Let's collectively make a list with all the signs of pregnancy)))

Alpha Female

Hello everyone big big!)
Girls and a few boys, I ask for advice and a look from the outside.
I have a friend, we have been dating since July, many on the forum are aware of my personal life. 14 years older, single, wealthy, caring, sometimes it seems that he is loving. He monitors my health and well-being, takes care of me, shows feelings that could be mistaken for love, if not for one thing - he does not limit himself to communication with other women.
He denies this moment, of course, but I am a shot sparrow and I am not so easily deceived.
And then a young man appears on the horizon, 12 years younger than me. Athlete, hockey player of the main team of our regional team of the major league. Doesn't let me pass, young, hot and all that. I went to matches with him twice and once to the cinema.
Like. But the age difference
The moment is such that you need to either send it off or move on.
I respect my man, I'm in love with him. But this freedom of his... I can't do anything about it. Offers marriage, but hints that physical infidelity means nothing. And for me, oh, how it means!
And this hockey player. He writes and calls all the time, he comes to work to me for far-fetched reasons.
I got confused. It seems to me that both of these options are not so suitable for me.
Help. I don't sleep at night.

Maria Proskurina

For a long time I was going to write, maybe someone will advise something sensible. Because I just don't know what to do anymore.
My husband and I have been together for 13 years, we have two children. My husband has an adult son from his first marriage, when we met, he was 12 years old, he has been living with his dad since the age of 7. There is a mother, but she has not participated in the upbringing of the child since those 7 years, they do not communicate at all, she has her own family. They even subsequently planned to deprive her of parental rights, but it did not work out, because. she is not a wino and not an asocial element.
The husband's son was accordingly brought up by his father, and spent the summer with his grandmother in the village. When I appeared in their lives, I immediately took the position of a friend, because dad was both mom and dad for him, and in general I was then too young even to have my children, and it would be stupid to “play a stepmother” , we have a smaller age difference with him than with his father.
It just so happened that I found out about the existence of an adult son, already “strongly bogged down” in this relationship. Then I didn’t even think about a relationship with a divorced man, but that’s how life turned out.
In general, even then I noticed that my then-not-yet-husband was prone to overprotection. He always had this complex in his head that his son did not have a mother. I always thought that this is to his detriment, there is nothing for a teenager to form an “orphan complex”. Also, the grandmother (husband's mother) added fuel to the fire, he always came from her with the position that he was a poor orphan, and everyone owed him. Overprotection, in my opinion, has always been to his detriment. For example, at the age of 14, he wanted to earn extra money with his classmates, distribute newspapers, but his husband “strangled” this initiative in the bud, like stay at home, it’s safer, otherwise they’ll give you a head start, but you already have everything. As a result, in his free time from school, he sat at the computer, played with toys. Then I got hooked on online games.
The husband, on the one hand, was quite strict with him, all the time he had some kind of conversation, but the computer never really limited, preferring that he sit at home, and not hang around anywhere. As a result, the son began to lie, somewhere starting from the senior classes. I passed the exam with difficulty and entered the budget, not without financial injections from my husband. I studied with grief and lies in half. Every session I called the dean's office, and found out that either he was not allowed to take exams, or his term paper was not written. The husband swore, the son tearfully assured that he realized everything, that he would no longer lie, but everything was repeated again. “Students live happily from session to session, and the session is only twice a year.” Then, due to undelivered tests, he was expelled, we missed this moment, because he lied that he was doing well, and it was just a shame to call the dean's office already, tea is not a boy anymore. But then, through the efforts of her husband, he was nevertheless restored, but he had to take the academy, because a summons arrived for the time of expulsion. He served a year in the army, the husband basically did not excuse himself, he hoped that the army would change something. All this time we all lived together, then we paid off the mortgage, and my husband bought his son a odnushka nearby. While he was in the army, the house was completed, the apartment was renovated. We already have a daughter. Returned from the army. In a year, he matured, he was even offered to stay to serve under a contract, but they decided that he needed to “finish off his diploma”. For another year he blabbed, but already in a separate apartment, and then he didn’t even go to defend his diploma. If I hadn’t realized then (I always felt his lies more sensitively than my husband, apparently because he didn’t native person). It turned out that he did not even make a presentation to the diploma written with grief in half. And now the commission is waiting, the husband is in urgent order drove up, everyone had already defended themselves, and the husband, blushing, sets the table for them and asks to wait until they prepare the presentation. The commission is waiting, and they are riveting slides in a free audience. A disgrace, the husband almost burned out of shame, he wanted to nail him there. But the commission softened, generally defended itself. A diploma in your pocket, although knowledge is objectively zero.
Then the job search began. There were several attempts to get a job, but for more than two months he did not stay anywhere. He also lied all the time that he got a job, while he himself sat at home and played online games.
Then my husband and I moved to a new house, our son was born, and he did not want to rent our apartment, which he got with sweat, blood and a mortgage. As a result, I persuaded him to move his son to our three-ruble house, and at least to hand over this one-room apartment, so that at least the money would drip.
Well, this is the result of my son this year is already 26 years old. It doesn’t work, you can say how he came from the army, that is, for 4 years already. Well, there were attempts, but unsuccessful. I send him vacancies, he sometimes even goes to interviews, but as a kindergartner, psychosomatics immediately work for him, he gets sick, or he doesn’t like something there, or the salary is not the same. My husband wanted to attach him to the National Guard with specifics according to his diploma, he underwent a medical examination for six months, all this time he did not even try to get a job, he hung out. I worked for a week, and then they began to hang financial responsibility on him, and my husband allowed him to quit. I persuade my husband to put him in, but he doesn’t want to, like his guys will do him indulgences. As a result, such an enviable groom lives in a three-ruble note, and the girls stick to him. Now he has been living with a permanent girlfriend for a year (they started back in the odnushka). She is a good girl, she works, but she came from another city, rented a room, and now she doesn’t need to rent, but she can’t dictate conditions to him either, because. lives in its territory. And he builds such a cool one in front of her, it’s already funny.
Dad pays for a communal apartment, carries groceries to him in bags, well, or transfers money to a card. And he doesn’t need more, there are no needs. Food, housing and sex are free. But he calls his dad when the money runs out, and all his brains are powdering, how he is “looking for” a job and how hard it is to get a job young specialist. My husband even took away his computer, so now he doesn’t play, and I don’t even know what he does all day long, maybe he stares at the TV and the phone poke. I send vacancies, he politely thanks me, and so day after day. Works around the sea, I do not understand HOW a young man, not even a guy, can sit at home all day long! And that's actually the question in the title: how to convince, how to get him to find a job??? Depriving him of maintenance is not an option, the husband is not ready to leave him without food, because then his girlfriend will simply spend all the money on food (this has already happened). In addition, there was a case when the husband got angry, did not give him money, and he sold an expensive gold jewelry, a gift from her husband. When he found out, he was very offended by his son, it was like a betrayal, but, the quote "do not leave him to die of hunger." By the way, of course, things are going well with us now, and the maintenance of an overgrown kid does not hit the budget much, but I just can’t imagine how you can sit on your ass at the age of 25 and do nothing. Yes, even on maternity leave for five years I got so tired that I gladly accept the opportunity to work, help my husband or parents with business, although there is no real need, but let's say for the soul, for self-realization. But he is fine, he is still waiting for his dream job. I would like to be a gaming vlogger or something like that. I offered him to start, record a test video or something like that. But he says that this niche is already taken. Well, how else to justify your laziness?
We have a good relationship, he is kind and polite, but a pathological liar and lazybones. But I still hope that something can motivate him. Just what????

Unfavorable environmental conditions and bad habits of parents (in particular, smoking) both during the period of gestation and after the birth of a baby, directly contribute to an increase in the number of asthma patients.

In fact real reasons occurrence of bronchial asthma in children is not fully understood. Medicine identifies several factors that increase the risk of developing the disease:

1. genetic predisposition. At risk are children whose parents or relatives are asthmatics;
2. gender identity. The lumen of the bronchial canals in boys is narrower, so most cases of the disease have been registered in them;
3. excess weight, due to which the diaphragm has a higher position in thoracic region and prevents free full breathing;
4. atopic dermatitis or others allergic diseases a newborn can provoke the development of asthma;
5. frequent respiratory diseases with complications in the bronchi (this dependence was found in 25% of children);
6. parents smoking;
7. unsatisfactory environmental conditions.

Non-allergic and allergic bronchial asthma

Depending on the factor causing spasm bronchi, asthma is divided into atopic and non-allergic.

The vast majority of children (up to 90%) diagnosed with bronchial asthma have exactly the atopic form. Allergic asthma involves the presence of a certain substance (allergen) that provokes an attack. These are the various particles that enter by inhalation:

• plant pollen and dust;
• hair of cats (less often - dogs);
• perfumery, household chemicals and its fragrances;
• waste products of insects;
• various types of fungus and mold.

Asthma attacks can be triggered by certain foods, such as protein, chocolate, citrus fruits. But in this case, cross-allergic reactions take place. All allergens have a similar structural structure, so a person with an allergy to birch pollen may develop bronchial spasm after eating apples.

Non-allergic bronchial asthma in children under 3 years of age and older is very rare. In most cases, it develops against the background concomitant diseases respiratory tract and without the participation of any "irritants" of an allergic nature.

The reasons for its appearance include:

• chronic infectious diseases upper respiratory tract (sinusitis, sinusitis and others);
• change hormonal balance in women (premenstrual period, menopause);
• loads of a physical and neuropsychic nature;
• taking medications;
• congenital pathologies (altered bronchial reactivity).

Bronchial asthma in children

Diagnosis of bronchial asthma in children is somewhat difficult (especially under the age of 3 years), since its symptoms are similar to those of colds or viral diseases(swelling of the mucous membrane, in some cases there is copious excretion sputum). This is due to the peculiarities of the structure of the bronchi at an early age. In addition, small children still cannot clearly explain their condition.

However, there are some features asthma in a child

• it does not involve an increase in temperature, even in the case of a very frequent cough;
• before the onset of characteristic symptoms, so-called precursors appear.

These two differences will help attentive parents think about the possibility of a more serious illness than a cold.

AT medical practice there is a certain set of methods of analysis and techniques to determine the presence of the disease. Diagnosis of bronchial asthma in children includes the following set of measures:

• collection of information for anamnesis (all the details of the child's life, the identification of respiratory diseases in parents and relatives, how an asthmatic attack occurs);
• conducting a blood test for an allergen and identifying a compound or group of substances that provoke bronchial spasm. Less preferred analysis - skin test: solutions of the proposed allergens are applied to the forearm. If there is a reaction to the "irritant", then the skin at the point of contact turns red. This method is not used on the day of an asthmatic attack, as it can provoke a worsening of the condition;
• measurement of lung volume or spirometry. According to the obtained values ​​assess the severity of asthma.

Symptoms of bronchial asthma in children and its precursors

Childhood asthma is characterized by mild early symptoms or precursors. As a rule, they appear a day or two before the symptoms of the disease themselves. Forerunners include:

• discharge of watery mucus from the nasal passages after a night's sleep, the child often sneezes and rubs his nose;
• the occurrence of a weak dry cough after a few hours;
• increased cough after a nap or in the afternoon with sputum production, and in some cases a very large amount.

(up to 3 years of age or more) are more pronounced than the precursors:

1. paroxysmal cough (occurring before or after sleep), the intensity of which may decrease in an upright position;
2. the appearance of intermittent wheezing, shortness of breath, frequent and short breaths;
3. dry cough that does not go away for a long time;
4. inability to fully breathe;
5. before an attack, the baby begins to act up because of the stuffy nose.
6. paroxysmal cough begins under the same conditions (the presence of an animal nearby, a visit to the library, from a bouquet of flowers);
7. very rarely skin rash, lacrimation, itching.

Treatment of bronchial asthma in children

Currently, childhood asthma, like asthma in adults, is not amenable to complete cure although there are many effective drugs. With their help, they prevent (stop) the development of bronchial spasm, remove the allergen from the body and relieve inflammation.

Bronchial asthma in a child is not a sentence. Properly selected treatment, modern medicines and new therapeutic methods allow the baby to grow and develop normally. In addition, as the child grows older, bronchial spasms are relieved, and in some cases stop completely.

The first step in the treatment of this disease is to remove the allergen from the environment of the patient. Sometimes this is quite enough.

The complex of such measures includes more frequent wet cleaning of the premises, the use of humidifiers and air purifiers. It is advisable to remove carpets, pillows and mattresses made of feathers and down or use special tight covers for bedding with minimal permeability. As an alternative to down filler, synthetic materials are used.

If a positive effect is not achieved, then experts prescribe medication.

Medicines for the treatment of childhood asthma are divided into two groups: basic and symptomatic. The latter are used to stop spasms of the bronchi and increase the lumen of the channels. bronchial tree to improve air circulation. They are not prophylactic and are used exclusively for emergency care. Available in aerosol form.

Basic therapy drugs, on the contrary, are intended to maintain therapeutic effect, removal of allergens from the body, do not have instant action and apply constantly. They remove and suppress inflammatory processes, reduce the frequency (or completely stop) and the intensity of attacks.

Basic preparations for the treatment of bronchial asthma in children are taken for a sufficiently long time, therefore, the result appears at least after two to three weeks.

Glucocorticoids in inhaled form can be attributed to new generation drugs. They have a minimal list side effects on the body, good tolerability and increased efficiency.

Asthma treatment is not limited to medication. Other treatments include:

• physical training according to specially designed programs;
• different kinds breathing exercises with the use of equipment;
• easy hardening program (especially relevant for children 3 years old);
• reflexology (acupuncture, massage);
• specially designed rooms with any natural substances that have a positive effect (salt mines, gala chambers).

AT recent times Allergen-specific immunotherapy is gaining popularity. The essence of this method is the introduction of small doses of the allergen to the patient and the control of emerging bronchospasm. As the body "gets used" the concentration of the "irritant" is increased, thus, the reaction to the allergen becomes less acute.

Studies have shown that 75% of patients who have undergone this kind of therapy do not show signs of the disease for 20 years. In spite of nice results developments in this direction are ongoing.

Treatment of bronchial asthma in children with folk remedies

Treatment of bronchial asthma folk remedies involves supporting the body between attacks, enriching it with natural micro- and macroelements, reducing the frequency of exacerbations or investing in the course of an attack.

There are a great many recipes of traditional medicine, not only for adults, but also for children:

Infusion based on coltsfoot. It is used for bronchitis and laryngitis in a chronic form, bronchial asthma. Pre-crushed and dried leaves of the coltsfoot (4 teaspoons) are poured with one glass of boiling water, let it brew for one hour. Filter the leaves, drink the liquid residue 50 ml no more than three times a day.

A mixture of lemon juice and horseradish. The use is advisable for diseases of the respiratory tract and sputum thinning. Horseradish is grated, squeezed out the juice (150 g), which is poured into a bottle. Lemon juice is also added there, the mixture is infused for a day. The infusion is stored in the refrigerator for up to 2-3 days and take half a teaspoon before meals for breakfast and dinner.

Hypericum infusion. A tablespoon of dried or chopped St. John's wort is poured with a glass of boiling water (300 ml), insisted for one hour. Take up to 4 times a day before meals. Used as antihistamine up to 40 drops 3-4 times a day.

Children's bronchial asthma and sports

Previously, bronchial asthma was a contraindication to sports. However, properly selected treatment and new generation drugs in no way interfere with physical education.

In particular, exercises aimed at training the respiratory muscles contribute to an easier and shorter course of attacks, prepare the body for hypoxia and develop endurance.

Disability and childhood bronchial asthma

According to domestic regulatory documentation, a child with a diagnosis of bronchial asthma is assigned a disability only if severe course diseases.

If there is a favorable prognosis for a partial restoration of health or a reverse course of the disease, then disability is assigned for 2 years, followed by re-examination.

If there is no positive prognosis, asthma is hormone-dependent and requires constant drug therapy, then disability is established when the child reaches the age of 16 years.

The main task of the rehabilitation system is not only to solve problems with medical supervision, but also the socio-psychological adaptation of the patient in terms of solving social problems of a different nature.

Dr. Komarovsky about bronchial asthma in children

The famous pediatrician, whose books have been recognized by millions of parents, talks in an accessible video about how asthma manifests itself in children under 3 years of age and older, about new approaches to understanding it, early symptoms and treatment, how mothers and fathers of a baby with this diagnosis should behave.

Ogulov about the problem of the lungs