Spasm of the smooth muscles of the internal organs. Therapeutic properties of antispasmodics in urology, indications and contraindications for use. How do antispasmodics work

The action of antispasmodics

Spasms of smooth muscles are quite common, so the issues of eliminating them are very relevant. Antispasmodics are taken first of all when it comes to the need to eliminate abdominal pain, which varies in intensity. They are recommended for functional dyspepsia, for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome in its various manifestations. They are widely used in exacerbations of peptic ulcers, as well as in the development of exacerbations of cholelithiasis. Antispasmodics are used to treat spasms of the muscles of the bronchi, they help stimulate cardiac activity, and they are also used to treat angina pectoris.

The effect of the use of antispasmodics is achieved due to their interference in the process of muscle contractions. Thanks to the action of antispasmodics, relief of a painful attack begins. This happens due to the direct action of drugs on muscle cells. Nerve impulses that go to the muscles are blocked.

Types of antispasmodics

In pharmaceutical science, the following main groups of antispasmodic drugs are distinguished:

• neurotropic antispasmodics, the action of which is directed directly to the human nervous system. They can act both on the periphery of the human body, and specifically on certain organs and parts of the body;
• myotropic antispasmodics acting directly on the muscle groups of the human body;
• complex antispasmodics, their action is directed to the endings of the nerves and smooth muscle cells;
• neuromyotropic antispasmodics, combining the effect of the use of myotropic and neurotropic drugs.

Myotropic antispasmodics

This type of antispasmodic is designed to eliminate spasms of the smooth muscles of the body. This mainly occurs with malnutrition, menstruation in women, as well as certain diseases of the stomach and intestines. Antispasmodics of this type relax the muscles of problem areas of the body, thereby helping to stop unpleasant, painful sensations.

Under the influence of myotropic antispasmodics on the muscles of the body, a change in the course of internal biochemical processes occurs. The drugs described are based on certain medicines: papaverine, nitroglycerin, drotaverine.

The antispasmodic drug Papaverine is the most common antispasmodic in this group. It can provide a decrease in muscle tone for a short period of time and qualitatively relaxes the smooth muscles of the internal organs. With its regular intake, the internal conduction of the heart slows down. The excitability of the heart decreases and this fact contributes to the achievement of the effect of inhibition of cardiac activity. In addition, this drug is widely used in the development of spasms of organs located in the peritoneum, has a beneficial effect on the bronchi and blood vessels of the brain.

Neurotropic antispasmodics

Antispasmodics of this type are divided into two main groups according to the principle of their impact.

The first group includes the most common neurotropic antispasmodics. These are Scopolamine, Hyoscyamine, Platifillin, as well as Atrophin sulfate. The drugs have a strong effect on the receptors that are directly involved in the conduction of nerve impulses through the vessels located in the brain. The result is a decrease in the activity of the endocrine glands. There is an increase in the total volume of hydrochloric acid released in the human body, the heartbeat and intraocular pressure increase.

The basis of the second group of neurotropic antispasmodics is Hyoscine butylbromide. Its action is much more selective. The drug is not intended to penetrate the brain, moreover, it does not have any effect on other organs. Its main task is to influence the receptors that are directly related to the smooth muscles of the gastrointestinal tract and the genitourinary and excretory systems. This drug has gained wide popularity in Western Europe. In the territories of the post-Soviet space, he gained fame under the names Spanil and Buskopan.

Neuromyotropic antispasmodics

Neuromyotropic antispasmodics combine the properties of both myotropic and neurotropic drugs. In this case, the combined effect is mainly exerted by one substance, in particular camylofin, however, to achieve a qualitative effect, a combination of several components is required.
- complex antispasmodics

Complex antispasmodics combine several active substances in their composition. The result of their application is complex. One tablet taken can not only relieve the pain that has arisen, but also neutralize the cause of its occurrence. Complex antispasmodics with anti-inflammatory action can not only relieve pain, but also relax muscles, eliminate fever and the development of the inflammatory process.

Antispasmodics: a list of drugs

The pharmaceutical industry produces antispasmodic drugs in various designs. There are the following varieties:

Antispasmodic pills

The most famous drug of this group is Papaverine. Available in tablets of 0.04 grams, in a variety of packages. It is indicated for use in spasms of the smooth muscles of the body, with spasms of the internal organs of the abdominal cavity, bronchi, as well as blood vessels of the heart and vessels located on the periphery of the brain. Effective in the development of renal failure.

The drug is characterized by a pronounced hypotensive effect. When used in large quantities, the drug is able to lower the level of excitability of the heart muscle, as well as reduce intracardiac conduction. The effect of the drug on the central nervous system is not so clearly expressed. The tablets are completely safe when taken by pregnant women and are not addictive.

Possible side effects from the use of the drug include drowsiness, the occurrence of allergic reactions, as well as possible constipation.

Antispasmodic injections (in ampoules)

The most famous antispasmodic that is produced in ampoules is spasmalgon. Its use is prescribed by the decision of the doctor, it is not recommended to take the drug at your own peril and risk. Recommended for use in gastric colic, pain in the pelvic organs, as well as other implicit spasms of the smooth muscles of the internal organs.

As a result of intramuscular administration of the drug, its active components are rapidly absorbed from the injection site. The rate of binding to blood proteins does not exceed 60%.

Antispasmodic candles

Among antispasmodic suppositories, Panaverin rectal suppositories gained the most popularity. At room temperature, the suppositories are in a solid state, after they are introduced into the rectum, they melt and are easily absorbed into the mucous membrane of the internal organs, thereby providing a local and general therapeutic effect.

These drugs have many advantages over other drugs. Rectal antispasmodic suppositories are effective in cases where emergency medical care is required, since the action after their use occurs much faster compared to the use of tablets. They are not inferior in speed of action to intravenous injections, while not violating the integrity of the skin areas. Rectal antispasmodic suppositories differ in duration of action, since the release of their active component occurs gradually and smoothly.

Do not use force when inserting a candle. The muscles of the body must be relaxed, otherwise the mucous membrane may be injured. To facilitate the introduction of the candle, it is recommended to lubricate its tip with baby cream or petroleum jelly.

Herbs antispasmodics

The use of antispasmodic medicinal herbs provides relaxation of the muscles of the body and thereby eliminates the resulting spasms. Herbs are recommended for use in a variety of diseases that occur against the background of smooth muscle contraction. Among the most famous and effective antispasmodic herbs, the following should be distinguished: medicinal valerian, cat's foot, angelica, cloudberries, white yasnitka, medicinal eyebright.

The use of antispasmodics

Antispasmodics are widely used in medicine in the treatment of various diseases. The drugs are indicated for use in both adults and children.

Antispasmodics during pregnancy

If you follow a strict definition, antispasmodics are not among the means for pain relief. They are able to relieve the tension of smooth muscles and various parts of the muscles of the body, while eliminating pain syndromes. In particular, they are able to significantly expand blood vessels, which enhances cerebral circulation and relieves headaches. However, this only happens when the migraine is caused by vascular spasms. It is for these reasons that during pregnancy it is forbidden to take many painkillers, in any case, their intake is not recommended. As for antispasmodics during pregnancy, they do not have such contraindications. Drugs such as No-Shpa, Riabal and Papaverine are of great benefit in relieving pain during pregnancy.

Antispasmodics for children

Features of taking an antispasmodic drug for children are individually indicated by each manufacturer of such drugs on the packaging of the product itself. In particular, some varieties of drotaverine are not recommended for use by children under the age of two years. Other forms of the same drug are allowed to be taken by children under six years of age, while the daily intake during the day is from 40 to 120 mg, for children older than this age, the intake rate is from 80 to 220 mg. A drug such as Hyoscine butylbromide is completely prohibited for children under the age of 8 years. It is not recommended to take before reaching the age of majority such a remedy as Pinaverium bromide. It is best if such a need arises to give children antispasmodic drugs of natural origin. These are infusions, decoctions, remedies using the roots and fruits of medicinal plants. Children can take them for various diseases that occur with convulsions and spasms.

Antispasmodics for children of the year

Children under the age of one year should be given antispasmodics in a strictly dosed manner and only as prescribed by the attending physician. There are only a few drugs that are allowed to be given to infants. In limited volumes, Prifinium bromide qualitatively eliminates muscle spasms and relieves pain. For a child under the age of three months, it is recommended to use it in the form of a syrup inside a milliliter every eight hours. Children aged from three months to six months are recommended to take it two milliliters once every eight hours, with children aged from six months to a year, the dose and frequency of taking the drug do not increase. Children under the age of one year are recommended to take antispasmodics of natural origin. These include peppermint, anise, dill and fennel oil.

The main groups of antispasmodics

There is a division of antispasmodic drugs according to the principle of the direction of their action. Among the main groups of antispasmodics, it is necessary to distinguish the following:

Antispasmodics painkillers

Anesthetic antispasmodics are used to eliminate pain in cholecystitis, pancreatitis, stomach cramps and menstruation. They are also used to relieve headaches, cerebral circulation failures, and an increase in blood pressure. Some types of antispasmodic drugs are used to eliminate pain in the heart or bronchial muscles, others are used only to eliminate pain in diseases in the stomach.

Selective antispasmodics

Selective antispasmodics are characterized by the selectivity of the action. They are mainly used to treat pain in diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Selective antispasmodics have the following general properties:

• do not give persistent side effects;
• have restrictions on their use;
• have a normalizing effect on the general motility of the intestines and the gastrointestinal tract, the ways of removing bile and gallbladder from the body;
• have a complex effect on the human body, manifested in a combination of effects of pain relief and accompanying disorders of the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract.

antispasmodics that reduce blood pressure

Hypertensive patients suffer with discomfort from the contraction of blood vessels in the cranial cavity. High blood pressure is lowered through the use of drugs that can eliminate the effects of vascular compression. Atherosclerosis, malfunctions of the normal functioning of the nervous system cause changes in the tone of the walls of cerebral vessels.

You can reduce pressure through the use of Papaverine. It should only be used in combination with other drugs for treatment: phenobarbital and nicotinic acid.

Effectively lowers pressure No-shpa. This unique antispasmodic is able to quickly and efficiently treat ailments that occur when pressure increases. No-shpa does not eliminate the cause of the disease, however, the headache is significantly reduced.

High pressure effectively lowers diabazol, the drug can also relieve spasms of cerebral vessels. The combination of papaverine and dibazol provides the elimination of headaches and a decrease in the overall level of blood pressure. It is also recommended to use Tempalgin to normalize blood pressure and eliminate spasms of cerebral vessels.

Vasodilator antispasmodics

Theobromine has a good vasodilating antispasmodic effect. The drug is able to have a stimulating effect on the nervous system, increase diuresis. It should be taken orally one tablet once a day. Often the drug is used in combination with dibazol, papaverine hydrochloride and phenobarbital.

Eufilin is an excellent vasodilating antispasmodic. Its introduction is carried out intramuscularly and intravenously in various concentrations. The drug dilates blood vessels, reduces venous and intracranial pressure. It can give side effects, among which nausea, dizziness, tachycardia attacks are distinguished. Contraindicated in coronary insufficiency.

Treatment with antispasmodics

Treatment with antispasmodics should be carried out under medical supervision. You should not take them at your own risk in order to avoid unwanted effects.

Antispasmodics for the intestines

• Pinaverium bromide is recommended to be taken up to four times a day before meals, after drinking it with water;
• if you experience pain in the intestines, Mebeverine should be taken. The drug reduces the ability of the intestine to contract, it is usually prescribed in case of stool disorders and irritable bowel syndrome. The drug effectively removes pain in the abdomen. Reception is carried out before meals three times a day.

Before using these products, you should carefully study the instructions for their use. Constipation may occur when used by the elderly.

Antispasmodics for colic

With colic, Papaverine and Drotaverine help well. You can take them in the amount of two tablets per day. Also good for eliminating the symptoms of pain in intestinal colic Platifillin. It is able to eliminate pain, eliminate spasms and weaken the violent intestinal motility.

Antispasmodics for cholecystitis

Antispasmodics for cholecystitis help reduce pain symptoms. The most effective are Papaverine, Atropine, Drotaverine. It is recommended to use an infusion containing a natural antispasmodic peppermint for cholecystitis. It should be consumed three times a day for half a glass after meals.

Antispasmodics for pancreatitis

Treatment of pancreatitis should be carried out in a complex and antispasmodics in this case are used as a means to eliminate pain. During attacks of the disease, it is recommended to take No-shpu, and the drug is taken both in tablets and during injections. Tablets are used if there is no vomiting and the pain is not so intense that it requires immediate removal.

If the patient vomits, the drug should be taken intramuscularly. The effect of the drug in this case will be instantaneous. At one time, no more than 80 milligrams of the drug should be taken, the daily dose of admission is 240 milligrams.

Antispasmodics for renal colic

With renal colic, the pain is quite pronounced and the pain should be removed first of all during an attack. In such cases, it is recommended to take Platifillin in the form of injections. You can also take the tablets of the drug. A good effect is the use of Atropine and Drotaverine tablets. They quickly and effectively eliminate colic of various localization.

Cholagogue antispasmodics

Choleretic antispasmodic drugs should include Odeston. The drug is produced in tablets, they have a white or whitish-yellow color, their shape is round. The tool contributes to a general increase in the formation of bile in the human body and causes its subsequent release. The drug acts on the bile ducts, in addition, it does not contribute to a decrease in the peristalsis of the stomach and intestines.

Antispasmodics for headaches

When used as a means of eliminating headaches, antispasmodics reduce its intensity. Papaverine, Drotaverine and Benciktal effectively cope with a similar task. As a remedy for migraine, they are recommended mainly in tablets. The use of antispasmodic drugs in combination with anti-inflammatory and painkillers shows great effectiveness in eliminating headaches.

Cardiac antispasmodics

For pain in the heart, it is recommended to take antispasmodics in tablets. Most often it is Papaverine and Drotaverine. It is difficult to say what is the optimal dosage of application, everything is determined by the specific recommendations of the doctor in each individual case. You should not determine the dosage yourself, it is best to seek the advice of your doctor, who will help you choose the best drug for treatment and its normal dosage.

Related articles:

Smooth muscles and used to prevent or eliminate spasms of smooth muscle organs. Examples of clinically significant effects of these drugs are: the elimination of pain caused by spasms of the muscles of the abdominal organs, the improvement of lung ventilation due to bronchial expansion during bronchospasm, the decrease and increase in blood flow in peripheral vessels as a result of a decrease in the tone of the vascular wall.

According to the mechanism of action, myotropic and neurotropic antispasmodics are distinguished. Myotropic S. with. reduce the tone of smooth muscle organs by directly influencing the biochemical processes occurring in smooth muscle cells. In experiments on isolated organs, they lower the tone of smooth muscles, blood vessels, bronchi, intestines, urinary and biliary tracts, and others. show unequal to different smooth muscle organs and therefore are used mainly for certain indications, for example, as bronchodilators (bronchodilators), antihypertensives (antihypertensive drugs), as well as pain caused by spasms of smooth muscles of the gastrointestinal tract.

Myotropic antispasmodics belong to different classes of chemical compounds. Among them are distinguished: nitrites and nitrates - amyl nitrite, nitroglycerin, nitrosorbide, etc.; isoquinoline derivatives - papaverine, no-shpa; purine derivatives - theobromine, theophylline, xanthinol nicotinate, etc.; benzimidazole derivatives - dibazol; esters of carboxylic acids - gangleron, diprofen, etc. To myotropic S. with. different chemical structures with a pronounced vasodilating effect include diazoxide, apressin and sodium nitroprusside, which, according to the main direction of action, are usually considered as. As S. pages, effective at coronary heart disease and arterial hypertension, calcium channel blockers - fenigidin, verapamil and diltiazem are used. The angiotensin-converting enzyme captopril is also used as an antihypertensive agent, which proved to be effective not only in renin-dependent, but also in other forms of arterial hypertension.

Myotropic S. with. from among the purine derivatives, they relax the smooth muscles of the bronchi, dilate the coronary vessels of the heart, the vessels of the brain, reduce the tone of peripheral vessels and lower blood pressure, pressure in the pulmonary vessels and stimulate the heart, increasing its need for oxygen. However, the bronchodilator effect of this group of drugs is of greatest practical importance.

The neurotropic S. pages, which have a predominantly bronchodilator effect, include isadrin, orciprenaline, salbutamol, fenoterol, and others (see Adrenomimetic agents), as well as the sympathomimetic ephedrine. They are used to stop and prevent attacks of bronchial asthma. The bronchodilator effect of these drugs is due to their stimulating effect on β 2 -adrenergic receptors. However, all these drugs, to a greater or lesser extent, also stimulate β 1 -adrenergic receptors of the myocardium, which is the cause of a number of side effects (tachycardia, extrasystoles, etc.) when they are used as bronchodilators. These properties are least pronounced in the so-called selective β 2 -blockers (salbutamol, fenoterol, etc.). Of practical importance is the antispasmodic effect of β-adrenergic agonists in relation to the myometrium, because, by stimulating β 2 -adrenergic receptors of the uterus, adrenomimetics lower its tone and contractile activity and, therefore, are used as tocolytic agents (Tocolytic agents).

1. Small medical encyclopedia. - M.: Medical Encyclopedia. 1991-96 2. First aid. - M.: Great Russian Encyclopedia. 1994 3. Encyclopedic dictionary of medical terms. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia. - 1982-1984.

See what "Anspasmodics" are in other dictionaries:

- (from spasm and Greek lysis relaxation) medicinal substances that relieve spasms of smooth muscles of internal organs, etc. They are used for bronchial asthma, renal colic, etc ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

- (from spasm and Greek lýsis relaxation), medicinal substances that relieve spasms of the smooth muscles of the internal organs. It is used for bronchial asthma, renal colic, etc. * * * encyclopedic Dictionary

- (antispasmodics), lek. in va, causing a decrease in tone or elimination of spasm of vascular smooth muscles and ext. organs (gastrointestinal tract, bronchi, uterus, biliary and urinary tract, etc.). Spasmolytic. they possess you ... ... Chemical Encyclopedia

Antispasmodics- (Spasmolytica) a group of medicinal substances that relax the smooth muscles of all internal organs, especially blood vessels, intestines and uterus. An important place in this group is occupied by vasodilators, including antihypertensives, ... ... Veterinary Encyclopedic Dictionary

- (from Spasm and Lysis) pharmacological substances of various chemical structures that cause relaxation of the smooth muscles of internal organs: blood vessels (see. Vasodilators), bronchi, gastrointestinal tract, ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

- (spasmolytica; synonym: antispasmodics, antispasmodics) drugs that relieve spasm of smooth muscles of internal organs (atropine, papaverine, theophylline, etc.) ... Big Medical Dictionary

Antispasmodics- [from Greek. spasma lysis dissolution, weakening] drugs that relieve spasms of smooth muscles of blood vessels, bronchi, internal organs ... Psychomotor: a dictionary-reference - affect the contractile activity and tone of the myometrium (smooth muscles of the uterus). To M. pages that enhance the motility of the myometrium include oxytocin, its semi-synthetic. an analogue of deaminooxytocin (the NH2 group of cysteine ​​and the H atom are replaced), some others ... ... Chemical Encyclopedia

Antispasmodics are drugs that eliminate spastic pain, one of the most unpleasant symptoms in the presence of pathologies of internal organs. Help reduce pain, relax muscles, relieve spasm.

Help well, act quickly.

Classification

Antispasmodic drugs are classified according to their mechanism of action into the following:

• Myotropic that act directly on smooth muscle cells, while changing the biochemical processes occurring inside them. The basis of these antispasmodics are: hymecromone, halidor, pinaverium bromide, otilonium bromide, mebeverine, nitroglycerin, isosorbide dinitrate, hymecromone, bendazol, papaverine, benziklan, drotaverine. Quite an extensive list of antispasmodic drugs.
• With a headache, neurotropic drugs are used more often, affecting the processes of transmission of nerve impulses to the nerves, which stimulate the smooth muscles of the internal organs. These are mainly M-anticholinergics, such as atropine sulfate and the like: buscopan, hyoscine butylbromide, ganglefen, aprofen, difacil, arpenal, prifinium bromide, metocinium, belladonna preparations, hyoscilamine, scopolamine, platifillin.

Including there is a classification of antispasmodic drugs according to their origin:

• Artificial medicines.
• Natural antispasmodics: mint, mugwort grass, common tansy, black henbane, May lily of the valley, kidney tea (orthosiphon), calamus, oregano, chamomile, belladonna, lovage pharmacy.

Release form

They produce antispasmodic drugs in the form of:

• Ampoules (intramuscularly and intravenously) - "Platifillin", "Papaverin", "Spakovin", "No-shpa", "Droverin", "Trigan", "Dibazol".
• Capsules - "Duspatalin", "Sparex".
• Drops taken orally - Zelenin, Valoserdin.
• Whole fruit - cumin.
• Granule to prepare the solution - "Plantacid", "Plantaglucid".
• Rectal suppositories - "Papaverine", belladonna extract, "Buscopan".
• Tinctures - tincture of peppermint.
• Tablets - "Platifillin", "Papaverin", "Besalol", "Bekarbon", "Papazol", "Trimedat", "Nikospan", "Vesikar", "Dicetel", "Spazoverin", "Driptan", "No-Shpalgin" ”, “Spazmonet-Forte”, “Spazmol”, “Spazmonet”, “No-Shpa Forte”, “Nosh-Bra”, “Drotaverin-Hellas”, “Drotaverin”, “No-Shpa”, “Galidor”, “ Buscopan".

Indications for use

General indications for the use of drugs are: cardiovascular diseases, hypertonicity, elimination of pain in irritable bowel syndrome, relief of colic, elimination of spasms of the urinary and biliary tract, smooth muscles of the gastrointestinal tract.

All types of antispasmodic drugs should be used strictly following the instructions of the doctor, provided that the diagnosis is accurate.

Antispasmodics for children

Each manufacturer indicates the features for taking the drug by children. For example, some forms of drotaverine are not prescribed for children under 2 years old, others recommend using a daily dose of 40-120 mg up to 3 times a day for children 1-6 years old, up to 5 times a day for children from 6 years old. day.

Butylbromide hyoscine should not be given to children under 6 years of age. Pinaverium bromide is not recommended for children under 18 years of age. Natural antispasmodics are prepared from individual plants or collections that contain stems, leaves, roots, flowers. Children are prescribed them for diseases that are accompanied by convulsions and spasms. Antispasmodic drugs for the intestines may be prescribed.

For newborns, they are used very limitedly. There are only a small number of titles approved by pediatricians for infants. More often, doctors prescribe herbal preparations for children that contain natural antispasmodics: dill, anise, fennel fruit, peppermint oil.

For headache

Antispasmodics for headache, which arose due to circulatory disorders in the brain or spasms of cerebral vessels, help to reduce its intensity (tablets "Bencilan", "Papaverine", "Drotaverine"). Including relieve seizures and give a good effect, complex drugs containing painkillers and anti-inflammatory components, in addition to antispasmodics. The list of medicines for abdominal pain is presented below.

With cystitis

With cystitis, the appointment of antispasmodics can help relieve painful spasm, reduce tone, reduce the urge to urinate and alleviate unpleasant symptoms. For the treatment of this disease, drugs based on drotaverine are effective: "Bentsiklan", injections of "Platifillin", tablets "Papaverine" and "No-Shpy".

Elderly antispasmodics are prescribed with caution, paying attention to comorbidities and diseases, including the simultaneous use of other drugs, the effect of which may affect the effectiveness of antispasmodics and vice versa.

Antispasmodics for renal colic, which is characterized by severe pain, are primarily used to relieve pain during an attack. The patient is prescribed injections of "Platifillin" 1 mg or tablets of 5 mg, for children by age the dosage is prescribed from 0.2 to 3 mg, tablets "Atropine" and "Drotaverine" can also be prescribed.

Intestinal preparations

When prescribing intestinal antispasmodic drugs, it should be borne in mind that they can cause constipation, especially in older people with impaired bowel function. Therefore, this point must also be taken into account when prescribing drugs. Pinaverium bromide has an excellent antispasmodic effect in various intestinal diseases (taken with meals with plenty of liquid, without chewing or dissolving, 50 mg up to 4 times a day). Children are not recommended to take it.

For the treatment of stool disorders, abdominal pain, irritable bowel syndrome and secondary spasms, Mebeverin is used 1 tablet 3 times a day, 1 capsule 2 times before meals for 20 minutes (daily dosage is 400 mg). In intestinal diseases, the use of anticholinergics is limited due to low efficiency and side effects. A list of antispasmodic drugs for the intestines can be checked with a doctor.

Antispasmodics in cholecystitis help to reduce pain symptoms, for example, anticholinergics are prescribed (Platifillin, Atropine), as well as Drotaverine and Papaverine. The most effective can be considered the appointment of mebeverine hydrochloride 2 times a day, 200 mg, pinaverium bromide 3 times a day, 100 mg. The use of tonic drugs is indicated for hypotonic dyskinesia, but antispasmodics should be avoided. For therapy with cholecystitis, it is recommended to take an infusion of peppermint (a natural antispasmodic) in half a glass after meals 3 times a day.

With osteochondrosis

With osteochondrosis, antispasmodics help to relieve muscle tension, improve blood circulation in the local area, and this, in turn, reduces the severity of pain and affects the patient's well-being. With osteochondrosis, Drotaverine and Papaverine are often prescribed.

With gastritis, antispasmodics are called one of the most effective medicines that relieve pain and discomfort. Reviews testify to this. It must be taken into account when taking that anticholinergics can contribute to the appearance of an additional effect, namely, a decrease in the acid index, therefore, when taking them, excessive secretion is taken into account.

Urolithiasis disease

With urolithiasis, one of its manifestations is characterized by changes in the kidneys and urinary tract. During colic, pain occurs, rarely acute, often constant, dull, aching, and therefore taking antispasmodic drugs, including complex ones, helps alleviate the patient's condition by relieving spasm of the smooth muscles of the ureters. "Bencilan" and "Drotaverine", including complex antispasmodics, must be combined with drugs that can lead to the discharge and destruction of stones.

Colitis

If the patient has ischemic or chronic colitis, he is prescribed "Drotaverin" and "Papaverin" 1-2 tablets 2 - 3 times a day, as well as "Platifillin" to weaken the violent intestinal motility, relieve spasms and reduce pain. During diarrhea, enveloping and astringent agents should be combined with atropine sulfate.

Antispasmodic plants are taken as infusions or decoctions for medical purposes and instructions. In addition, they are often part of the main active components of various drugs. The drug may be completely natural or a combination of synthetic and natural ingredients.

special group

A special group of antispasmodics includes complex drugs (for example, analgesics and antispasmodics "Spazmalgon", "Baralgin"), which combine antispasmodics of various spectrums of action, as well as sodium bicarbonate, sodium metamizole, nicotinic acid, plant extracts (tansy, belladonna, mint) , painkillers and other components. These antispasmodic drugs for headaches are very helpful.

Every person at least once in his life faced with one of the types of protective reaction of the body to the negative factors of the internal and external environment - spastic pain. It occurs due to the contraction of smooth muscle tissue, which is present in almost all vital systems: digestive, excretory, musculoskeletal, etc.

Often, spastic pain occurs when a dangerous pathology appears, disorders of the nervous system, or hormonal changes in men and women. A spasm can affect both one muscle and several groups. During this process, blood flow to the compressed tissues is severely restricted. This intensifies the pain syndrome.

In order to get rid of the painful contraction of smooth muscle tissue, specialist doctors prescribe targeted drugs - antispasmodics.

Antispasmodics: classification, list of the most popular remedies

Antispasmodics are drugs whose main effect is to reduce the number and intensity of spasms and eliminate the pain that occurs due to them. They are the drugs of first choice for abdominal pain syndrome ().

Depending on the nature of the spastic reaction on which these drugs act, antispasmodics are divided into the following groups:

1. Neurotropic antispasmodics (M-anticholinergics) . They do not allow the nerve impulse to be transmitted through the autonomic nervous system. A muscle that has not received a physiological or pathological command to contract from the brain relaxes quite quickly. In addition, they may have an additional antisecretory effect. Depending on the mechanism of action, M-cholinolytics are divided into the following groups:
   • neurotropic antispasmodics of central and peripheral action. These include drugs containing atropine and belladonna extract;
   • m-anticholinergics of peripheral action. These include preparations of hyoscine (buscopan), metocinium bromide and prifiria bromide;
   • antispasmodics of central action. This classification includes difacil, aprofen and other drugs with similar active ingredients.
2. Myotropic antispasmodics . They affect the processes occurring directly in the contracted muscle. Sometimes spasm is the result of a lack or excess of various substances necessary for muscle fibers to function normally, and can also occur due to enzymatic and hormonal activity, for example, during women. Substances contained in myotropic antispasmodics do not allow muscle fibers to contract, take a closed position and contract sharply, intensively. To The group of myotropic antispasmodics includes drugs of the following types:
   • non-selective calcium channel antagonists - pinaverium bromide, otilonium bromide (spasmomen), verapamil;
   • phosphodiesterase inhibitors - papaverine, drotaverine (), benziklan;
   • sodium channel blockers - mebeverine;
   • xanthine derivatives - theophylline, eufillin, aminophylline, dibazol;
   • analogues of cholecystokinin - gimecromon;
   • nitrate preparations used in the field of cardiology - nitroglycerin, isosorbide dinitrate, erinite, nitrosprey, nitrong.
3. There are also combined spasmoanalgesics , combining various active medicinal substances. As a result, the drug can not only reduce the intensity of spasms and relax smooth muscle tissue, but also relieve pain with the help of an analgesic component. These drugs include benalgin, spasmalgon, sedalgin-neo.
4. Often used as an antispasmodic herbal infusions and decoctions containing substances that can affect the contractility of internal organs. In folk medicine, flowers, fruits and leaves, elderberry, hawthorn, tansy, St. John's wort are used. The complex of active ingredients in these herbs helps to normalize the tone of smooth muscle tissue and improves blood circulation.

note

It is important to remember that modern people cannot use herbs as monotherapy, only in complex treatment.

The mechanism of action of antispasmodics

The main action of antispasmodics provides their ability to influence the processes of physiological or pathological contraction of muscle fibers. The analgesic effect is achieved precisely by reducing the number of spastic contractions. This is especially noticeable in the internal organs, in which smooth muscle tissue lines the walls.

Depending on the pharmacological group, antispasmodics can have the following effects:

• m-anticholinergics they do not allow the impulse to be carried out along type 3 receptors located in the areas of smooth muscles and type 1 located in the autonomic nerve ganglions. Lack of potential helps to relax muscle tissue and reduce the secretory activity of the internal glands;
• neurotropic antispasmodics of central action have a similar but more powerful effect. In addition, they are able to have a significant sedative effect;
• sodium and calcium channel blockers do not allow active substances that provoke spastic contractions to enter, interact with receptors and muscle tissues. This breaks the chain of reactions that trigger the process of contractile muscle activity;
• phosphodiesterase inhibitors inhibit the activity of the enzyme of the same name, which is responsible for the delivery of sodium and calcium to muscle fibers. A decrease in the level of calcium in the cell leads to a gradual decrease in the frequency and intensity of contractions;
• nitrates form various compounds inside the human body when they react with them. The resulting substances actively synthesize cyclic guazine monophosphate, which reduces calcium levels and relaxes cells;
• cholecystokinin analogues affect mainly the gallbladder, as well as the sphincters of the bladder. By relaxing the smooth muscle tissue, they help the outflow of bile fluid into the duodenum, lower the pressure inside the biliary tract.

Indications for the use of antispasmodics

Due to their fast and long-term effect, as well as the complex mechanism of action, antispasmodics can be used in various areas:

• at . They reduce spasm of cerebral vessels, restore disturbed cerebral circulation, alleviate an attack that has arisen in mild stages of the disease;
• during menstruation . They help to remove spastic contractions of the reproductive organs, stabilize the waste of blood;
• at and . They lower the tone of the bladder, reduce the number of urges to urinate, relieve pain and restore the natural excretory processes in the body. Lowering the tone of smooth organs and urinary tract accelerates the removal of stones from the kidneys;

Since the drugs have a strong relaxing effect, you should not engage in activities that require constant concentration of attention during therapy.

Side effects of antispasmodics

Side effects that occur while taking antispasmodics may vary depending on the nature of the drug itself, the method of its administration and the individual reaction of the body.

There are several general effects that antispasmodic drugs can have on the body:

• dry mucous membranes;
• urinary retention;
• mydriasis;
• paresis of accommodation;
• blurred vision;
• weakness;
• ataxia;
• confusion;
• slow action;
• allergic reactions;
• decrease in potency and;
• nervousness.

In order to reduce the risk of side effects, it is necessary to take the drug strictly according to the instructions in doses recommended by a specialist doctor. While taking antispasmodics, it is very important to control your physical condition and consult a doctor in case of unwanted reactions of the body.

One of the main symptoms of gastrointestinal dysfunction is pain. Antispasmodics for pain in the intestines eliminate muscle spasms, are also used in gynecology (premenstrual syndrome), in the pathology of the urinary tract and other painful manifestations associated with smooth muscles. Myotropic antispasmodics are the most popular drugs that act on smooth muscle cells.

Drugs have side effects and contraindications

Drotaverine

It differs from papaverine in a longer and stronger effect. It is used in case of contraindications to anticholinergics. Reduces intestinal peristalsis, muscle tone, dilates blood vessels. Does not penetrate the brain. Has high bioavailability. Contraindications: hypersensitivity, cardiogenic shock, hypotension, cardiac, renal and hepatic insufficiency. Caution during pregnancy and lactation, glaucoma, atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries. Side effects: hypotension, headache, insomnia, tachycardia, constipation, nausea. Advantages - low price.

Produced under the names Drotaverine(45 rubles for 20 tablets), No-shpa(more expensive - 132 rubles), Spazmol, Spazoverin.

Drug Drotaverine

papaverine hydrochloride

Reduces the tone of the muscles of organs and blood vessels. Increases blood flow, including in the brain. In large doses, a sedative effect, a decrease in cardiac excitability and conduction. It is used to relieve muscle spasms and as a premedication. It is produced in the form of tablets (price from 40 rubles), suppositories, injection solution (10 rubles per ampoule).

mebeverine

Reduces contraction of smooth muscles and their tone. Indicated for the treatment of IBS. Side effects (less compared to drotaverine and papaverine): dizziness, allergies, nausea, diarrhea. Contraindicated in pregnancy. Refrain from activities that require concentration of attention during the treatment period.

Trade names: Meverin, Sparex(from 257 rubles), Niaspam(from 313 rubles), Duspatalin(from 470 rubles).

The drug Duspatalin

Hyoscine butyl bromide

A group of neurotropic antispasmodics that disrupt the transmission of nerve impulses in smooth muscle cells. In addition to the antispasmodic effect, it normalizes (reduces) the secretion of the digestive glands. Does not affect the CNS. Eliminates pain and discomfort in the abdomen associated with cramps. Contraindications: angle-closure glaucoma, pregnancy, pulmonary edema, myasthenia gravis, cerebral atherosclerosis. Caution in the first trimester of pregnancy. The maximum concentration of the drug after 2 hours. Small doses are required to achieve the effect. An effective antispasmodic for the intestines, has no atropine-like action. The minimum likelihood of side effects (less than that of no-shpy): tachycardia, shortness of breath, urinary retention, dry skin, dry mouth.

Tradename - Buscopan: tablets (315 rubles) and rectal suppositories (377 rubles).

Spazmalgon

A combination drug that contains: metamizole sodium (NSAIDs with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic properties), pitofenone hydrochloride (antispasmodic, similar to papaverine), fenpiverinium bromide (relaxes muscles, M-cholinergic blocker). The active substances reinforce each other. Contraindications: angina pectoris, CHF, pregnancy and lactation, up to 6 years, intestinal obstruction, high sensitivity. During the treatment period, control the content of leukocytes and liver function, exclude alcohol, drive vehicles. Release form: tablets (from 136 rubles), ampoules (32 rubles per 1 pc.).

Meteospasmil

Combined remedy. Contains alverin - antispasmodic myotropic action, simethicone - reduces flatulence. Indications: disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, preparation for the study of the abdominal cavity (ultrasound, instrumental, x-ray). The cost of capsules is 416 rubles.

Myotropic antispasmodics in tablets are easy to carry, they are easy to use in the right situation.