Restrictions after umbilical hernia surgery. Rehabilitation after removal of an umbilical hernia. Physiotherapy and massage treatments

When a patient with an umbilical hernia goes to the hospital, most often he is recommended to remove it, by surgical intervention. But many are afraid and pull to the last, hoping that everything will resolve itself. In fact, knowledge of what constitutes an umbilical hernia in adults, reviews of the operation, information about , where it comes from, why it is necessary to do it, and why delay is dangerous.

What is an umbilical hernia

Normally, in the place where the tendon and muscle fibers come into contact, they are closely intertwined, but sometimes in the navel, for some reason, they do not closely adjoin each other, and then the umbilical ring relaxes and increases. It turns out a kind of hernial gate, which enable the organs of the abdominal cavity under internal pressure to protrude outward beyond its limits, forming an umbilical hernia. Usually it is either part of the intestine. They are located in the peritoneum consisting of a membrane.

At the beginning of the disease, the umbilical hernia is still small and is easily reduced inward, but gradually, as a result of the adhesive process, the hernial sac fuses with adjacent tissues, and it is no longer possible to set the hernia inward. And over time, the umbilical ring can expand so much that the stomach can also get into the hernial sac.

symptoms, treatment

When the hernia is small, it is not particularly disturbing. Of course, sometimes there are unpleasant sensations, but they clearly do not affect the quality of life, and a slight increase in the navel does not scare, especially men.

Gradually, a hernia develops, it becomes more and more difficult to correct, pain appears during prolonged standing, coughing, and physical exertion.

Later, if the treatment was not carried out, the patient begins to experience constipation, difficulty urinating, frequent nausea, and vomiting may occur. This stage is fraught with dangerous complications, and you should not delay visiting a surgeon.

The doctor will most likely suggest surgery, since there is simply no alternative, although many hope that by adjusting the hernia, they will get rid of it forever. But this is impossible, and only a surgeon can eliminate it.

An umbilical hernia can manifest itself in different ways in adults. Reviews about this disease are varied. Those for whom it has not reached a large size and is not particularly worried are optimistic. But some patients complain of recurring unbearable pain, which even strong painkillers are unable to eliminate.

Causes of an umbilical hernia

Most often, this disease develops due to the weakening of the anterior wall of the peritoneum and the umbilical ring. Another factor is strong internal pressure. When both causes are present, the hernia develops rapidly and the position is considered dangerous and needs to be treated as soon as possible.

The reasons why the umbilical ring can relax are as follows:

• Lack of exercise and muscle weakness.
• Features of connective tissue from birth.
• Excessive fullness.
• Fast weight loss.
• Pregnancy (most often develops in late childbirth).
• Spikes and
• Abdominal injury.

An increase in intrauterine pressure is due to:

• Childbirth accompanied by complications.
• Great physical activity.
• Frequent constipation.
• Prolonged, strained cough.

Diagnostics

Usually, the surgeon diagnoses the presence of the disease quickly enough. Its symptoms are pronounced. The doctor interrogates the patient and finds out if there is pain in the abdomen during coughing, physical exertion. Examining the patient, he finds out whether the umbilical ring is expanded. To establish more detailed information, he will prescribe an x-ray of the stomach, duodenum, ultrasound examination of the protrusion, gastroscopy. He will prescribe herniography - this is the introduction of a contrast agent into the abdominal cavity, which will allow you to examine the hernia.

When there is a suspicion that an umbilical hernia has appeared - in adults - symptoms, only the doctor determines the treatment, otherwise it is possible to confuse it with another, no less, and maybe even more serious disease.

Umbilical hernia and pregnancy

With a gradual increase in the uterus, intra-abdominal pressure also increases, so umbilical hernia is a fairly common phenomenon in pregnant women. But surgery is usually not required, since the disease proceeds quite calmly. This happens because the increase in pressure occurs gradually, and the uterus, located between the gates of the hernial sac and the organs, prevents their strong prolapse.

Moreover, surgery during pregnancy negatively affects it. Therefore, the doctor recommends wearing compression underwear and a bandage. They are selected necessarily under his leadership.

The same doctor will observe the patient after childbirth and determine the period of the operation. This usually happens when the abdominal muscles after stretching are restored, like the whole body of a woman.

Some women who have been diagnosed with an umbilical hernia during pregnancy (in adults) have very positive feedback about the operation. . For some, the surgeon, at their request, eliminated minor cosmetic imperfections associated with bearing a child. And the operations are carried out by sparing methods and do not leave ugly scars and marks on the body, which is most important for a woman.

Possible Complications

Exacerbations can occur at any time during the appearance of a hernia. Its infringement is most dangerous when there is a violation of blood circulation, and the tissues of the organ begin to die. This usually happens in older people, as the conditions for this develop progressively over the course of life.

Inflammation of the organ that got into the hernial sac may begin, often it is an intestinal loop or omentum. At the same time, part of the peritoneum gets there, which can contribute to the rapid development of peritonitis.

Usually, complications are provoked by lifting heavy objects or significant physical exertion. But it also happens that even laughter, coughing or sneezing can serve as a reason for pinching. Violation of bowel movements can contribute to an increase in pressure on the hernia and cause inflammation.

Symptoms of her infringement:

• There is a sharp pain in the umbilical ring.
• It is impossible to set a hernia in the abdominal cavity, if before that it happened quite easily.
• The hernial sac becomes hot and tense.
• With severe inflammation, general intoxication occurs, accompanied by headache, nausea, vomiting, aching joints and lower back, fever.
• When the intestinal loop is pinched, the symptoms are as with intestinal obstruction.

If these signs appear, then an immediate visit to the doctor is completely justified.

hernia surgery

The operation to remove an umbilical hernia is called hernioplasty, during which the organs return to the abdominal cavity, and the hernial ring is strengthened so that the disease does not return again.

It is best to perform it when the hernia has not yet reached a large size. Then there will be fewer complications, and the rehabilitation period passes without problems. Those who have been diagnosed with an umbilical hernia agree with this. In adults, reviews of the operation just confirm this opinion: everyone who went to the hospital on time says that they feel great, and there was no re-protrusion.

Surgery is contraindicated in complex heart diseases, chronic pathologies, acute infections and pregnancy.

The choice of the method of the operation depends on how the clinical picture proceeds. Hernia repair can take place with the involvement of the tissues of the patient himself, and sometimes synthetic implants in the form of a mesh are used. The endoprosthesis is used when the hernial ring is significantly expanded, and the umbilical ring is greatly weakened. Usually this method justifies itself, and postoperative relapses do not occur.

The disadvantage of the classical method of hernioplasty is a long recovery period, its duration can be up to a year, if the hernia was large or there was an infringement.

What does an umbilical hernia look like in adults after surgery? The photo below shows how successfully the hernioplasty was performed and how the stomach looks if the appeal to the doctor was timely.

If the operation is planned, and the hernia is small, then the doctor may suggest laparoscopy. In this case, no incisions are made, but everything happens with the help of several punctures. This method is relatively young and quite effective. The main condition is that the hernia should not be large.

Its advantage is that relapses are extremely rare, rehabilitation is much faster than with open interventions, and scars are practically invisible. This is due to the fact that adjacent tissues are much less injured, and the risk of postoperative adhesions is reduced.

How successful is an umbilical hernia in adults? Reviews after the operation are mostly positive. Almost all patients claim that during the procedure, although local anesthesia was used, they did not feel much pain and even talked with the surgeon.

There are also those to whom the disease has returned again for various reasons: due to a strong fright, weight lifting, coughing. With a second operation, many decide to put an endoprosthesis.

Rehabilitation

When an umbilical hernia is removed in adults, after the operation, further treatment takes place in the hospital. It will be possible to get out of bed the very next day, and if everything went well, then you can soon go home. When there were certain complications with infringement and inflammation, then there is a need for injections of antibiotics, and it will take longer to lie down in the hospital.

So that the disease does not return and the pressure on the still weak sutures is significantly reduced, it is recommended to wear a special bandage after the operation.

With an umbilical hernia, physical activity has a beneficial effect on recovery, but they should be moderate and correspond to the patient's condition. Walking and light running are allowed after two weeks. And weight lifting and training are allowed after a month, and then these should be strictly dosed loads.

Nutrition after surgery

An umbilical hernia in adults after surgery requires careful attention to food. The diet should be sparing, and eating those foods that lead to constipation and gas formation is contraindicated, as they can cause excessive pressure on the intestines.

Fatty meat, fish, smoked meats and marinades are those foods that should be absent from the diet. They also include mushrooms, legumes, brown bread, yeast dough pastries, cream, ice cream, hard-boiled eggs.

Cereals made from cornmeal, millet and pearl barley are also better not to eat, like raisins, dried apricots, seeds and nuts. Vegetables such as radishes and radishes, tomatoes, cabbage, onions and garlic, sweet peppers and eggplants are also harmful to maintaining the integrity of the seam.

It can increase, and the volume of feces will increase significantly if you eat a lot of foods containing fiber, and this also needs to be avoided in every possible way. But at the same time, it is needed for better emptying of the intestines, so it should be used, but with caution. Bananas, peaches, apples, grapes - let these fruits wait until the stitches are removed, as well as black tea, coffee, juices, kvass and alcohol.

Of course, the diet is quite tough, but it contributes to a speedy recovery, and it is quite possible to endure. Until the stitches are removed, you should eat only low-fat broths, semi-liquid pureed vegetable soups, thin cereals, cottage cheese, dietary meat or fish, steamed, or scrambled eggs, a small amount of crackers. It is better to drink weak tea and fruit and berry kissels. These simple products will help satisfy your hunger, and postoperative sutures will be intact.

It becomes clear: when an umbilical hernia appears in adults, reviews of the operation show that the earlier treatment is started, and in this case it is the intervention of a surgeon, the more predictable the consequences, and over time, you can simply forget about the disease forever.

Useful will be:

Prohibited products in the postoperative period

• stewed and boiled vegetables;
• cereals;
• low-fat cottage cheese;
• meat;
• soft-boiled eggs;
• stale bread made from wheat flour;
• fresh fruits.

Fiber can be helpful in small amounts. It has a positive effect on defecation. The same function is performed by fresh fruits.

Physical activity

It is strictly forbidden to lift a load of more than 3 kg, heavy physical exertion, abdominal exercises, swimming, jumping, running and walking. You don't have to give up sports completely. Light exercise is recommended.

Often the attending physician prescribes the use of maintenance. It is not worth making a decision on its use independently.

What are the features of rehabilitation in children

Recovery after deletion is very fast. There are practically no complications. Rehabilitation is carried out according to the same principle as in adults. A little complicating the task is that you need to make sure that the baby does not jump and run, so that he does not touch the wound with his hands and does not wet it.

Children are also prescribed a diet. It is necessary to ensure that the child does not develop bloating and constipation.

No exception and the purpose of the bandage. Children need it for a much shorter period. This is facilitated by the absence of excessive physical exertion, rapid growth and elasticity of tissues. The attending physician appoints the specific terms of wearing the bandage.

Timely detection of an umbilical hernia and contacting a doctor will help to avoid unwanted complications, and possibly surgery.

Prevention

Prevention is effective only in the case of an acquired umbilical hernia. For this you need:

• eat properly;
• exclude food that leads to flatulence and constipation;
• exercise regularly;
• do exercises for the press;
• refrain from lifting heavy objects or use a bandage;
• regulate body weight;
• use a bandage in the third trimester of pregnancy and after.

Video: Rehabilitation after hernia removal

How is an umbilical hernia repaired after surgery? This question, like many others, will be answered by the doctor. A hernia in the navel is one of the conditions in which internal organs (such as the intestines) protrude beyond the boundaries of the anterior abdominal wall through an opening located in the navel. The disease manifests itself in the form of a protrusion in the navel, which may increase or, conversely, become less noticeable when taking a horizontal position. Sometimes education can occupy a large area.

The surgeon treats this complex disease, and it is necessary to contact him immediately, as soon as unpleasant sensations appear. Symptoms of an umbilical hernia include the following:

• pain in the abdomen when coughing or physical exertion;
• the presence of nausea;
• dilated umbilical ring.

An umbilical hernia can be diagnosed in several ways:

1. Get an examination by a specialist.
2. Make an x-ray of the stomach and duodenum.
3. Make an ultrasound.
4. Undergo a gastroscopy.
5. Make a procedure such as herniography - an x-ray method that consists in introducing a special contrast agent into the abdominal cavity, which allows you to examine the hernia.

Umbilical hernias can be of two types: congenital and acquired. Congenital can be detected immediately after the birth of a child. In the region of the navel, where the umbilical cord was, there is a spherical protrusion with a wide base, passing into the umbilical cord. If the baby cries a lot, the hernial protrusion increases. How different congenital or acquired hernias can be can be seen in the video that is shown to patients in a medical facility. How to treat an umbilical hernia? Usually, a hernia is not surgically treated before the age of five. They are trying to eliminate it with the help of massage and physiotherapy exercises. If nothing helps and the navel does not decrease, you have to resort to surgical intervention on the hernia.

hernia surgery

Removal of an umbilical hernia in adults is carried out only by the surgical method, treatment is prescribed immediately, and strictly in a hospital.
The traditional type of plastic surgery (the Sapezhko and Mayo method) has some disadvantages:

• the recovery period of the body can last quite a long time (large loads are prohibited for one year);
• high risk that the formation after surgery will reappear in the same area.

Hernia removal is practiced using mesh implants, which can be installed in several ways. Advantages of the operation:

• recovery can take no more than one month, the operated patient can engage in physical activity and even sports;
• a small percentage of recurrence of the disease - 1%;
• the operation can be performed under any type of anesthesia that has a long effect, not necessarily general.

The laparoscopic method for removing a hernia of the abdomen is one of the most sparing forms of operations, since it can proceed without incisions on the body, a few punctures are enough. Rehabilitation is easy and fast, but this method has contraindications. These include:

• immunodeficiency states, including HIV,
• liver disorders,
• the time of menstruation in women.

Often, the operation is performed in combination with the setting of a mesh implant. Operations to remove an umbilical hernia in adults are carried out according to the following scheme. First, the patient is placed in a hospital for examination and preparation for surgery. If the patient is admitted in an emergency, preparation for adult umbilical hernia surgery is minimized.

Then the patient is given anesthesia (local or conduction; general anesthesia, as a more complex one, is used for repeated manifestations). If the formation is small, the operation on the umbilical hernia is reduced to the fact that the umbilical ring is sutured. If the formation is larger, it has to be closed surgically. The resulting adhesions are dissected, which allows the internal organs to remain in the hernial sac. You can also engage in the prevention of hernias. Usually, doctors recommend following some simple rules:

• training the abdominal muscles (this will keep them in good shape);
• proper nutrition that will help control body weight;
• during pregnancy, it is necessary to wear an umbilical bandage;
• avoid strenuous exercise.

Why does an umbilical hernia appear? In babies, the cause of the appearance may be delayed fusion of the umbilical ring. The adult population is more likely to develop an umbilical hernia after 40 years. This is especially true for pregnant women.

Predisposing factors include:

• connective tissue weakness;
• slow fusion of the umbilical ring;
• obesity;
• postoperative scars.

Risk factors that can lead to increased intra-abdominal pressure:

• frequent crying and screaming in babies;
• overstrain in the physical plane;
• constipation;
• period of pregnancy;
• ascites;
• prolonged severe cough.

What are the contraindications?

Children's age up to five years. There is a certain probability that the hernia will be removed on its own along with the growth of the body. If it does not cause severe discomfort and does not create any complications, the operation is postponed for several years. After the age of five, boys are also not always recommended to have surgery right away. But the girls need to remove the hernia. This is due to the growth of the reproductive system.

Do not perform surgery with active infections in the body because the operation is a certain risk, complications are possible.

Diseases that cannot be cured. Since a hernial tumor is not a dangerous disease, especially when it is in its early stages, terminally ill patients are not exposed to the risks associated with surgery.

second half of pregnancy. Any operation is stressful for the body and, accordingly, a risk for both mother and baby. Therefore, it is better not to allow such situations during pregnancy. If the mass does not carry certain risks, surgery is postponed until breastfeeding is stopped.

A contraindication is a stroke or heart attack. In such cases, anesthesia is difficult for patients to tolerate, because of this they are not exposed to such a risk.

Disturbances in cardiovascular and pulmonary activity are also an obstacle to surgery.

Large formations in people who are over the age of seventy are rarely removed. Surgical intervention is poorly tolerated by such patients.

An operation to remove an umbilical hernia is contraindicated in patients with diabetes, as well as in severe renal failure, cirrhosis of the liver with complications, and varicose veins of the esophagus.

Does an umbilical hernia require special care after surgery? You will receive an exhaustive answer to this question from our specialists already in the period of preparation for plastic surgery. Ignoring the rules of postoperative recovery, the patient often runs the risk of complications and even recurrence of the hernia process. The main required activities include:

• timely dressings and taking painkillers
• use of a special bandage
• proper nutrition - prevention of pathology and relapse controlled level of physical activity and a set of exercises of physiotherapy exercises

Let us consider in more detail the stages of the rehabilitation period.

How quickly does an umbilical hernia heal after surgery?

Given the sparing modern technologies used during operations, most patients, after examining the attending doctor, leave the walls of the Clinic after 6-7 hours. In some cases, it may be recommended to stay in the ward under the supervision of the Clinic staff. Also, the patient can stay in the hospital in the presence of concomitant pathologies and complaints of poor health (increased blood pressure, risk of bleeding, etc.). Taking painkillers is recommended only if there is pain. Independent movement (in a mandatory supporting corset) is recommended literally a day later. Dressings are performed on an outpatient basis within 2-3 days after discharge, then it is recommended to do them yourself, using sterile materials. At this stage, healing and tightening of the wound surface takes place and the sutures are removed after a week.

• do not avoid visiting the doctor for examination and dressing - this threatens with a complicated inflammatory process of the wound, followed by the formation of pus and a delay in complete rehabilitation.

Do not ignore wearing a special bandage

The sutures have been removed, the wound is closing up and you are assigned to wear a postoperative bandage - be sure to wear it for the recommended period. This is a necessary measure for complete scarring of tissue and muscles. It is recommended to wear a bandage when in an upright position, mainly during the daytime (on average, from several weeks to 2 months). It makes it easier to do household chores associated with physical exertion, it will help you go down the stairs and go outside. The corset can be removed at night and during daytime rest. The maximum period of corset use may be limited on the recommendation of the attending doctor, since prolonged use is fraught with muscle dystrophy. At the same time, possible relapses of the disease can be observed in those who, for one reason or another, refused to use the bandage.

• Refusal to use a bandage can lead to complications after surgery, such as muscle separation in the navel and the recurrence of the pathological process.

Proper diet after umbilical hernia surgery is the most important component of the recovery process

The strictest dietary restrictions are recommended in the first few days after umbilical hernia repair, then the diet can be gradually supplemented with your favorite dishes. Immediately after hernia repair - only food in liquid form. You can eat hateful broths, vegetable soups and cereals boiled in water. Drinking water is recommended, preferably purified. To enhance digestion and avoid constipation, we strongly recommend:

• before eating, take a spoonful of any crude oil - which helps to increase intestinal patency;
• eat fractionally, regularly, avoid long breaks, do not allow hunger;
• it is worth significantly reducing the consumed portions of solid food;
• avoid foods that increase acidity.
• not following the recommendations - you risk getting constipation, contributing to the occurrence of relapses.

If the healing is normal and after 20 days, you can gradually introduce the usual diet, while not ignoring the generally accepted recommendations and adhering to the principles of a healthy diet.

Is the use of moderate physical activity and exercise therapy justified in the process of rehabilitation after surgery

You can get out of bed under the supervision of medical personnel or a loved one literally on the day of the operation. As the wound heals, usually 2 weeks, a gradual increase in load is recommended. It can be everyday household chores without sharp bends and heavy lifting. Physical exercise and light work with a load around the house are possible only with healed tissue and a formed scar.

The use of the laparoscopic method allows you to accelerate healing and start loading with weight lifting in a month. An indispensable condition is the absence of the slightest discomfort.

Special complexes of therapeutic exercises are an excellent way to prevent a possible recurrence of the disease for patients of any age and gender. Exercises performed first under the supervision of a medical professional, and then independently, contribute to the alternation of gentle muscle tension with their relaxation. Thus, you will gradually strengthen the muscle corset that keeps the abdominal area in good shape and prevent a possible relapse.

What is useful for a patient to know after umbilical hernia repair

Based on the initial causes that caused the process of hernia formation, adjustments are made to the patient's lifestyle.

• Given that male patients after plastic surgery may be bothered by problems with the genitourinary system, it is worth visiting a urologist regularly.
• Alcoholic drinks, especially strong ones, should be significantly limited, as they cause excessive appetite and retain water in the body.
• Proper fractional nutrition and moderate exercise should be the basic rules of your life.
• Categorically avoid eating high-calorie meals made from white flour, fatty meats and fish, packaged fruit juices, strong tea. Watch your weight, drink more clean water and be healthy.

An umbilical hernia is a disease in which organs protrude through an enlarged umbilical ring. The most effective and effective method of therapy is surgery, the risk of hernia recurrence is minimal. Therefore, in order to avoid complications associated with infringement of organs, it is necessary to contact the surgeon in a timely manner.

General information about umbilical hernias

More often hernias are acquired, less often congenital. Umbilical hernias are characterized by rapid progression and an increase in size, especially if the doctor's recommendations are not followed. The size of the hernia can vary from one to several tens of centimeters, the diameter of the hernial sac exceeds the diameter of the gate. Therefore, this type of hernia is characterized by frequent infringement of the contents and intestinal obstruction, and these conditions are already indications for emergency hernioplasty.

Often, a hernia is accompanied by stretched thinned muscles and aponeurosis, muscle diastasis. The hernial sac itself is surrounded by thinned tissues. If the hernia has occurred repeatedly, there may be adhesions and partitions inside the bag, which also contribute to the pinching of organs.

Umbilical hernia, in addition to visible protrusion, is accompanied by pain, aggravated by movement, nausea.

Reasons for the appearance

The navel area is not covered with muscles, therefore it is a weak point. Factors contributing to the stretching of the umbilical ring and the formation of a hernial sac are as follows:

• umbilical ring defects
• injury
• increased intra-abdominal pressure
  • excess loads
  • severe persistent cough
  • pregnancy and childbirth
  • constipation
  • overweight.

Diagnostic methods

The first diagnostic criterion is a visual examination of the doctor and palpation of the hernia. The doctor can determine the involvement of organs in the hernial sac, the diameter of the umbilical ring, the reducibility of the hernia, pain and tension. Further, the surgeon may prescribe an x-ray of the stomach and intestines with contrast, FGDS, ultrasound, herniography.

Ultrasound describes the size of the hernia, the organs inside and the presence of an adhesive process.

Herniography - the introduction of contrast into the abdominal cavity and tracking its flow into the hernial sac.

Computed tomography confirms the diagnosis if the doctor has doubts after the examinations.

Operation types

At the moment, there are several methods of surgical treatment of umbilical hernia, they are presented in the table.

The above methods are tension, currently rarely used. During these operations, the navel may be removed. The recovery period is quite long, the patient is at risk of complications and relapses.

The average duration of the operation is from 30 minutes to 2 hours.

What are meshes for hernioplasty

Mesh implants are used quite often, their advantage is high efficiency and low risk of complications. There are several types of nets that differ in the material of manufacture and price:

• The polyglycolic acid absorbable implant is a high-strength implant that completely absorbs after 4 months of placement. In place of the mesh remain connective tissue strands formed at the site of the implant.
• Partially absorbable on the basis of polypropylene - connective tissue is also formed around the implant, but the polypropylene mesh remains in place, eliminating the recurrence of a hernia. This species is characterized by a low probability of an allergic and inflammatory reaction.
• Non-absorbable implants (polypropylene, teflon or polyester) - remain unchanged for a long time, are not allergic. Not subject to hydrolysis and biodegradation.
• PHS-system: a three-layer implant, the layers of which are located at different levels. The positive quality of this system is that less suture material is required, healing is fast and relatively painless.

All modern materials are hypoallergenic, low toxicity, resistance to infectious agents, elasticity.

Pain relief options

With hernioplasty of an umbilical hernia, three types of anesthesia are acceptable - local, epidural and general.

Local anesthesia

is used in young patients, while fatty tissue should be slightly developed, and the hernia proceeds without complications. In addition to this category of people, local anesthesia is necessary for elderly patients for whom other methods are dangerous to health. This type of anesthesia is a layered injection infiltration. The patient is conscious, but absolutely not sensitive in the anesthetized area.

Epidural pain relief

possible with uncomplicated umbilical hernias. The anesthesiologist injects drugs between the vertebrae at a certain level, while turning off the sensitivity of the lower half of the abdomen and below.

General anesthesia

used for large hernias, infringement of the hernial sac, coprostasis and the inability to perform another method of anesthesia.

In laparoscopic hernioplasty, combined anesthesia with artificial lung ventilation is used.

Preparing for the operation

Before hernia repair, the patient must be examined. The survey includes the following tests:

• General blood analysis,
• Biochemistry of blood
• General urine analysis,
• coagulogram,
• Blood for HIV, hepatitis and syphilis,
• ECG.

In order for the doctor to understand the degree of immersion of the abdominal organs in the stretched ring, it is necessary to visualize the contents using ultrasound.

The day before the operation, the patient eats for the last time at 18:00 and takes a shower. If necessary, the medical staff can offer an enema and shave off the hair in the operated area.

Indications and contraindications

An umbilical hernia must be operated on sooner or later, but most patients expect a planned operation. There are several situations when a person needs emergency surgery:

• if there are signs of infringement of the hernia: an increase in local temperature and body temperature, pain in the area of ​​the hernial protrusion, the hernia does not reduce, it becomes tense and hard;
• with intestinal obstruction due to infringement: the patient has a digestive disorder in the form of constipation and, possibly, vomiting, severe pain may appear.

There are a number of comorbidities or conditions for which a hernia repair cannot be performed:

• pregnancy and the first months of lactation;
• acute infectious diseases;
• oncology;
• severe chronic diseases of organs and systems;
• age less than 5 years (except for congenital hernias) and more than 70 years;
• decompensated diabetes.

Video

This video will help you find an umbilical hernia on your own. The doctor describes in detail the symptoms of the disease and tells what to do if signs of this disease are found.

The cost of the operation and related services

The table shows the average prices in Russia for the listed medical events.

The difference between surgery in children

In children under five years of age, umbilical hernias close on their own, surgery at this age is necessary for infringement and large hernias. If the child is already 6 or more years old, there is only one treatment option - surgery.

It is important not to miss the complicated conditions of the umbilical hernia - when infringed, pain appears, the child is naughty and cries, does not allow touching the stomach, up to a painful shock. In this case, you must immediately contact a medical institution.

The operation takes place in a child as follows: the surgeon makes an incision below the navel, sets the internal organs, excises and stitches the hernial sac. The sutures are cosmetic. The operation takes no more than 40 minutes.

The recovery period is short - after 2 hours the baby can already get up, drink and eat. The next day, the child is discharged from the surgical hospital, after a week the bandage is removed.

Recovery after surgery

After removing the bandage or surgical sutures, a recovery period begins, which lasts several months. Rehabilitation is individual, takes a different amount of time, but is mandatory. In case of non-compliance with the recommendations, the risk of re-hernia increases dramatically.

Diet

In the first two days after the operation, you can eat only liquid food - broths, decoctions, compotes. In the following days during the week, eggs, vegetables, cereals are allowed in the diet. Food should be ground or crushed.

The patient's menu is gradually expanding, new dishes are introduced daily, but general recommendations should not be forgotten:

• eat often, in small portions;
• alcohol, smoked foods, strong coffee, carbonated drinks, fast food are strictly prohibited;
• consume less fatty dairy products;
• Eat fruits and vegetables daily, soup once or twice a day.

Bandage

The bandage should be worn for 1-2 months, as prescribed by the doctor. It is removed at the time of sleep or rest. During daily activities in an upright position or sitting, the bandage must be worn. The wearing time is also determined by the doctor, as its prolonged use will weaken the muscles.

Physiotherapy

The attending physician may prescribe:

• massotherapy;
• hirudotherapy;
• electrophoresis;
• current therapy.

exercise therapy

Therapeutic exercises should be performed when the patient's pain disappears and the surgical scar has already formed. The purpose of the exercises is to strengthen the muscle groups of the abdomen, buttocks and back. In addition to special movements, you need to do morning exercises for 20 minutes.

Note!

When recovering from surgery, exercise should not cause pain and discomfort. Do not do it through force, do not overstrain, do not be zealous, as this is dangerous with a relapse or divergence of the seams.

Postoperative complications

Like any operation, hernioplasty cannot exclude complications after the operation. They often appear when the operation was not performed as planned, and the patient was admitted urgently with signs of infringement. Complications can be divided into two groups:

• Early Complications
  • inflammation of the surgical wound, seroma,
  • temperature,
  • hematoma,
  • anesthesia-associated disorders of the organs,
  • intestinal obstruction.
• Late Complications
  • ileus associated with adhesions,
  • in men - infertility, dropsy,
  • hernia recurrence,
  • postoperative neuralgia (tingling and decreased sensation).

The causes of complications are excessive physical activity, diet and constipation, not using a bandage, coughing.

When an umbilical hernia appears, you should immediately seek medical help, without waiting for the development of complications. New methods of performing operations in a short time will help get rid of the problem, minimizing the risk of recurrent hernial protrusion.

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