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Teething: symptoms indicating this and methods for stimulating teething in a child

Every parent is waiting for the first signs that their baby's teeth are starting to appear. But the eruption of the first teeth is always a difficult process, both for the child and for his parents. The period of appearance of the first teeth depends not only on the genetic parameters of the baby, which he received from his parents and ancestors, but also on the internal and external conditions. Timing, for example, can be affected climatic conditions, in which the child grows, the quality of the water used in cooking, daily routine, menu daily diet.

Teeth in babies are laid even when embryonic development occurs, approximately between the 5th and 7th month of pregnancy, and after the baby is born and roots have formed, teething begins.

The timing of the eruption of the first milk teeth

The timing of the appearance of the first teeth is different. Some babies already have a full-fledged tooth at birth, while others can boast of it only at the age of one. But on average, teeth begin to erupt at 6-9 months, and always in a strictly defined sequence. But which teeth are cut first?

The lower teeth of the same name are cut first on each half of the jaw, then the upper ones are shown.

The first upper incisors begin to cut at about 7-10 months, behind the upper incisors, after a while, the lower incisors appear.

But the lateral incisors should erupt closer to the year.

The baby's chewing teeth will begin to cut closer to two years of age, and fangs will erupt in the period from a year to a year and a half of age.

By the age of three, a child should already have about 20 fully formed milk teeth, this is when 10 teeth are on top and bottom.

teething symptoms

Perhaps the main symptom that a tooth is about to erupt is a whitish spot and a slightly swollen gum edge. And if we add to this other signs such as:

• increased salivation;
• restless sleep;
• loss of appetite;
• the desire to bite various objects, including your own fingers and your mother in addition, the first teeth will definitely please you soon.

But, again, the signs of the appearance of the first teeth in each child are individual. One child endures this process painfully, the other, on the contrary, well, and the parents will not even notice that the tooth has already come out.

Some parents mistakenly take the baby's increased salivation earlier as the first symptom. When the glands responsible for the secretion of saliva begin their work at approximately 3-4 months, and the swallowing reflex is not yet fully tuned, then often the child's saliva runs non-stop during this period.

When the first teeth are cut, sometimes the temperature may rise, vomiting may appear, and such bad moment like a disorder of the stool. If you are faced with elevated temperature and a runny nose, it is better not to delay and call your local pediatrician. He, like no one else, will be able to immediately understand the cause of this condition, and will determine whether the baby’s tooth is being cut or is it all the same colds.

By itself, the process of teething is not a disease and cannot be accompanied by a runny nose and cough. But a weakened immune system in a child against the background of teething can miss various respiratory infections. In the event of an increase in temperature in your home first aid kit There should always be antipyretics, such as Panadol for children or Nurofen for toddlers. There is a situation when a child, after taking an antipyretic, spits it back. This is due to the rich-sweet taste of the drug. To avoid this, many mothers dilute the medicine with boiled water or juice.

Do not immediately prepare yourself for a difficult period in your life with a baby. On the contrary, if you surround your child with affection, love and care as much as possible, hug and carry him in your arms as often as possible, then this period will pass much easier. Your child's behavior during teething will always be different. It may be that when the incisors erupt, there will be a temperature and restless sleep, and when the lateral incisors appear, everything will be painless. First of all, this is due to the location of the teeth themselves and the fact that they are wide enough, so their appearance causes such discomfort in babies.

How can you help a child during teething?

To save your child from uncomfortable symptoms during this period, you can try to let him gnaw on special soft teething rings. They can be purchased at any pharmacy or store.

When choosing a massager, it is worth paying Special attention rubber quality, country of origin and content. Filling can be both water-based and helium-based. For babies up to a year old, experts recommend purchasing rings without fillers, since with a filler the rings are more tangible in terms of weight and to a small child it will not be very comfortable to hold it. When choosing a manufacturer, it is better to give preference to proven companies, rather than cheap massagers from China.

Many teethers also have a relief shape, which helps to stimulate the development of fine motor skills in the baby. Due to the fact that now teethers are made in the form of various bright animals, your child will not be able to remain indifferent to this useful and exciting toy. The teething rattle provides massage for the baby's gums, reduces discomfort when teeth appear. When cooled, the teether reduces pain and has an anesthetic effect on the gums. It is better when you have not one, but several such devices, while the baby will use one, the second will be cooled and sterilized.

You can try to give your child something edible instead of hard toys, for example, pieces of a carrot or an apple, also after cooling. It will turn out both tasty and healthy. There is also a special cookie that can be given to the baby when teething.

There are times when a child experiences severe pain when teething, in this case, you can lubricate the baby's gums with a special gel. Now sold in pharmacies a large number of various ointments, gels, homeopathic tablets that will help to minimize unpleasant symptoms. The composition of such funds usually includes analgesics and some herbs that will not only anesthetize, but also soothe the child. When choosing such a remedy, it is best to consult with your pediatrician, whom you are seeing. He knows your baby well and will help you choose the most suitable one for you.

Stimulation of tooth growth

But what if the child is already 10 months old, but not a single tooth yet? There is no need to panic, because even dentists do not consider a delay in the eruption of milk teeth at six months to be a deviation. But you yourself can examine the gums at home and help the baby by making a small, light massage. With a clean finger, or you can wrap a piece of a clean cloth around your finger and massage the gums. The pressure on the gums speeds up and facilitates teething. Do not forget that boys usually begin to cut their teeth a little later than girls. But, again, all the symptoms are purely individual for each.

Caring for existing teeth

Very often in young children already damaged teeth are observed. It would seem that they just appeared, and by the age of 4-5 they are already completely black. What should be done to keep your baby's milk teeth as long as possible, safe and sound? After all, the appearance of molars occurs much later, so it is so important to keep milk teeth as long as possible. The condition of the future molars also depends on the condition of the milk teeth.

First of all, even such small teeth already need to be properly cared for, so you need to:

• limit your child's consumption of sweets as much as possible, because milk teeth have such fragile enamel and are very susceptible to caries;
• brush your teeth gently, trying not to break the surface layer of enamel. It is better not to use toothpaste at all until the child is three years old. While the child is small and puts everything in his mouth, it will be difficult for him to explain that toothpaste don't need to eat. Although now they produce a lot of children's hypoallergenic paste with various flavors. You can also purchase a special children's brush for brushing your teeth. She puts on a finger and has a fleecy or rough bristles. After each use, the brush must be rinsed with water and changed as often as possible;
• another great tool for daily care behind the baby's teeth are special dental wipes soaked in xylitol. They carefully and carefully care for the baby's mouth, while removing various microbes.

If you pay maximum attention and enough love to the baby during such a difficult period for him, and then together with him you will learn how to properly care for his teeth, you will ensure the normal development of the teeth and keep the teeth intact for as long as possible.

stoma.guru

Teething

Teething is the process of appearance in oral cavity baby milk teeth.

Timing of teething reflects the state of health and physical development child's body, may indirectly indicate the presence of problems. In the process of teething, there are certain deadlines and laws, as well as some difficulties.

Timing of teething

The timing of teething varies greatly depending on the time of birth of the child (summer or winter), on full-term health, on the state of health, including phosphorus-calcium metabolism, as well as on the type of nutrition and many other circumstances.

All groups of teeth erupt in pairs: incisors, then chewing teeth, fangs.

The first teeth should be expected at the age of 5.5-6 months, these will be the lower (central) incisors. Initially, one tooth appears, followed quickly enough by the second. Behind the lower incisors, the upper incisors (anterior) erupt. The terms of their eruption are from 7 to 8 months.

The upper lateral incisors erupt within 9 to 11 months, the same groups lower teeth- within 11-13 months.

Thus, the group of incisors is the first to completely erupt; by the end of their appearance, 8 front teeth should be in the mouth of babies - four on top and four on the bottom.

From the age of about one year, when children need to develop active chewing skills, stronger teeth are needed. Chewing teeth or molars begin to erupt. The terms of their eruption are from 12 to 16 months; they erupt approximately simultaneously on the upper and lower jaws on the right and left. By the end of the eruption of these teeth, children should have 12 in their mouths.

From 16 months, the eruption of the upper canines begins, these teeth are most difficult to cut because of their massiveness. From 18 months, the lower fangs are cut. By the end of a year and a half, a child should have 16 teeth. The most recent in the milk bite are the second molars - they erupt from a period of 18 to 24 months.

Completely all milk teeth should erupt at a maximum of 2.5-3 years.

Photo: order of eruption of milk teeth

Violation of deadlines

The timing of teething is a fairly dynamic indicator, it can be influenced by many external and internal factors. The timing of eruption can be significantly affected by:

• course of pregnancy, the presence of early and late toxicosis in the mother, a violation of her physical condition, threats of termination of pregnancy, medication, diet, micronutrient adequacy,
• difficult childbirth, complications,
• prematurity, in all premature babies, teeth appear later,
• height and weight at birth, state of health, season of birth. Winter children have more late dates teething due to lack of sun in the first months of life and a greater likelihood of rickets.
• Availability chronic diseases and eating disorders that interfere with the absorption of minerals.
• the presence of rickets or rickets-like diseases.

The timing of teething may be ahead of the middle age. Usually heredity plays a big role in this, and a warmer climate, although in some cases these changes may be the reason for examining a child for endocrine pathology and accelerated maturation.

teething signs

Teething is physiological process, which does not greatly interfere with the life of the child. The first signs of eruption may be:

• an increase in the amount of saliva in the mouth, necessary for oral disinfection,
• swollen gums,
• constant presence of fingers or toys in the mouth.

Many parents attribute symptoms such as fever and stool disorders to teething, but these symptoms cannot be signs of teething.

When teething, some decrease in local immunity in the oral cavity is possible, this can lead to the development of viral infections - then fever and stool disorder may occur. By itself, eruption does not cause these symptoms.

Photo: eruption of milk teeth

Helping a child with teething

When teething, the tooth, as it were, breaks the gum from the inside, so itching and discomfort. Children try to gnaw toys, fingers, but special silicone rings with pimples and coolant inside are most suitable to facilitate teething. They are thoroughly washed, doused with boiling water and put in the refrigerator for 20-30 minutes. Then, already chilled, they are given to babies in order to gnaw.

May also help with teething various gels with soothing, cooling and anti-inflammatory effects. These include:

• kamistad,
• baby doctor,
• calgel,
• dentinox and others.

These gels are applied in a small amount to the child's gums, rubbed with light movements. Do not use these gels too often, they can have negative effects if dosages are exceeded.

During the teething period, oral hygiene methods are extremely important - it is necessary to constantly clean the oral cavity from food debris and accumulation of microbes. This is done with a sterile bandage wrapped around a finger and moistened boiled water. This bandage wipes the mouth.

With an increase in temperature, the appearance of a runny nose or diarrhea, it is necessary to show the child to the doctor and exclude various diseases that have accumulated in the process of teething.

www.diagnos.ru

What the swollen gums of a child look like during the eruption of the first teeth: symptoms in a baby with a photo

The eruption of the first teeth in a child is an unforgettable moment for many parents. Sometimes this process goes unnoticed by others, and from time to time the baby pleases mom and dad with a new tooth. However, in some children, teething is painful - the child's behavior changes, he becomes capricious and restless. Let's figure out what are the symptoms of teething the first teeth and how to help the baby during this period.

The main symptoms of teething in infants

Symptoms of teething of the first teeth may differ in different children, which can be seen in the presented photos. However, pediatricians highlight several common points that are inherent in many babies at the age of about six months (and sometimes older) to varying degrees.

As a rule, the child may experience the following symptoms: swelling of the gums, increased salivation, poor sleep, anxiety. In some cases, babies develop rhinitis with fever, stool disorder.

Consider the most typical manifestations that may indicate that a responsible life stage has come for the child and soon he will please his mother with a new tooth.

gum swelling

A newborn baby already has the rudiments of milk teeth, which for the time being sit deep in the gums. Soon there comes a moment when the teeth begin their journey to the surface, gradually moving in the thickness of the soft tissues. This process is accompanied by swelling of the gums, as well as soreness.

The gums during teething can barely noticeably swell, or they can become significantly inflamed, become loose and painful. In some cases, there is swelling and even hematoma. Such phenomena frighten inexperienced parents, but are quite physiological. At this time, it is worth making sure that the child does not gnaw hard objects with swollen gums, as children often injure the inflamed mucosa. Babies are given teething toys specially designed for massage made of elastic material.

Just before the appearance of a tooth on the gum, you can see a white strip - the crown of the incisor translucent through the soft tissues. Sometimes, instead of a strip, a tooth appears in the form of white dots. It is important not to miss the onset of stomatitis, which can also appear as white dots in the oral cavity. The sooner treatment is started, the sooner the baby will feel relief.

Increased salivation, starting from 3-4 months

Salivation is another bright symptom teething in infants. This phenomenon has a wave-like character. Sometimes the baby salivates continuously, abundantly wetting her chin, chest and stomach. After a while, saliva becomes less, then its formation increases again.

Usually the baby begins to drool long before the first tooth erupts. Often, parents notice profuse salivation in an infant as early as 4 months or even earlier, while teeth appear only at six months. This phenomenon indicates the initial stage of movement of the teeth, which are already moving towards the surface.

Anxiety

One of anxiety symptoms teething is a change in the behavior of the crumbs. The baby cries for no reason, his mood changes dramatically and often, his sleep worsens significantly. The problem is that the mother does not always understand why the baby is crying and is worried that the baby is sick.

How to accurately determine whether the baby's anxiety is due to the fact that he is teething? There are no universal tips. However, it is worth seeing oral cavity, which can tell mom a lot. If a change in behavior is noted against the background of swelling and swelling of the gums, it can be assumed that the child will soon demonstrate the first tooth to the parents.

https://youtu.be/AzKpFTwRNX8

Temperature, diarrhea and rhinitis

Except typical manifestations, during dentition there may be more severe symptoms. Let's consider them in more detail:

• Temperature rise. If the temperature does not exceed 38 ° C, and also lasts no more than three days, it is likely that this is a symptom of teething. At the same time, the thermometer readings are above 38 ° C, temperature fluctuations may be signs of SARS or another disease.
• Diarrhea. This symptom is also associated with teething. Loose stools may be the result of excessive salivation - the baby swallows part of the saliva and thereby increases the number of bowel movements. There are other explanations for diarrhea associated with the fact that the baby's teeth are climbing.
• Rhinitis. A runny nose can be the background of the entire period of dentition. This is because the blood supply to the gums and the nasal mucosa is anatomically related. During teething, the gums swell and are most actively supplied with blood, which leads to the activation of a similar process in the nasal cavity. This stimulates the glands of the nasal mucosa that produce mucus. Rhinitis during teething is almost always transparent snot, which are very few, but it can last quite a long time - from 1 to 4 weeks.

In what order do teeth erupt?

Teeth are usually erupted according to a certain schedule. Most often they come out in pairs. The photo shows the order in which children's teeth should go, what incisors, canines and molars look like. Consider the timing and sequence of their appearance:

• the first are the lower central incisors - 6-7 months;
• after about a month, the upper front two teeth erupt - 8-9 months;
• then the upper incisors of the “two” come out - 9-11 months;
• after - lower lateral incisors - 11-13 months;
• the first chewing teeth (lower and upper molars) come out in the interval from 1 to 1.3 years;
• then comes the time of fangs - they appear at 1.6-1.8 years;
• the second molars come out last - 1.8-2.5 years.

This scheme is only conditional, since the terms may vary slightly for each baby. Pediatric dentists and pediatricians recommend that parents do not panic if the child's teething time differs from the average values ​​in one direction or another by 2-3 months. If the difference in terms is greater, it is worth visiting a specialist to find out possible problems.

Signs to watch out for parents

Although the symptoms of teething are quite eloquent, they can be confused with the onset of an inflammatory process. In this regard, at the slightest indisposition of the baby, it is best to consult a pediatrician. Consider the signs that are the reason for going to the doctor:

• Temperature exceeding the thermometer reading of 38 ° C or having a protracted character. Perhaps the child has an ARVI or an internal inflammatory process.
• With rhinitis, the mucus from the nose of the baby looks thick, has a yellow-green color. Such a runny nose could turn into sinusitis, frontal sinusitis.
• Diarrhea lasting more than three days if the contents of the diaper are too thin, like water. It is also worth paying attention to the number of bowel movements per day - they should not be more than 4. Otherwise, we can talk about an intestinal infection.
• In the baby's mouth, in addition to swelling of the mucous membranes, the presence of plaque is noted. It is possible to attach a fungal or bacterial infection that causes stomatitis.
• The gum during eruption greatly increased in size, a flux formed.

How to help a child?

In the arsenal of parents, there must certainly be means that can help the child survive a difficult time until all the teeth come out. In addition to special teethers that can be pre-cooled, a number of medicines are used. There are also folk remedies reduction of pain during teething, time-tested. Let's look at them in the following sections.

Medicines

Medications to help reduce symptoms painful symptoms in a child can be conditionally divided into three groups. These are painkillers local action and homeopathy. Parents should choose those to which the child responds well, and be sure to follow the recommended dosage.

Folk remedies

Our grandmothers knew the secret of how to help your baby cope with the pain of teething without the use of medication. Today, folk remedies are also popular. Among the simplest are the following:

1. A piece of ice wrapped in a clean cloth. Wipe the gums with light movements, not lingering in one place, so as not to catch a cold for the baby. The procedure should take no more than 2 minutes.
2. Similarly, you can wipe the gums with chilled terry towel or just give it to chew crumbs.
3. Some parents use honey. This product needs to lubricate the gums from time to time. Remember - honey strong allergen and it is not recommended to give to children under one year old.
4. Wipe the gums with a solution of soda. It is prepared at the rate of 1 tsp. soda in a glass of water.
5. Valerian infusion can be rubbed into the gums. However, do not use a pharmacy for this alcohol tincture, and grass brewed with boiling water.

1. Chamomile tea. Brew chamomile flowers (2 tablespoons of dry raw materials in a glass of boiling water), let it brew. Lubricate the gums with infusion, at the same time give the baby 1 teaspoon to drink three times a day.
2. Prepare a tincture of burdock root. Rub into the gums several times a day.
3. Clove oil has strong analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. Before using it for babies, dilute the product olive oil in a ratio of 1:1.

https://youtu.be/Ilp-J1HdJnA

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The time when a child's adult teeth are being cut is one of the most serious and difficult periods of his development. To help the baby survive it without problems, parents need to know what symptoms indicate molars eruption, and how to help the child in this situation.

Teething in children: symptoms

Molar milk teeth

What do parents need to know about milk teeth?

1. Milk incisors, as well as permanent ones, have a root.
2. The rudiments of such dental units are formed in the prenatal period.
3. When a temporary tooth is replaced by an adult, the old root resolves itself over time.
4. On the first teeth, the enamel is softer.
5. Milk teeth are smooth, and their roots are wide, so that there is room for the development of rudiments. permanent teeth.
6. Temporary teeth are canines and lateral incisors, central and first molars, premolars. The second molars in four-year-old children are already adults.

Baby teeth

When the rudiments of an adult tooth appear, the root of its predecessor weakens, the tooth loosens. If it is not pulled out, then under it you can see the emerging adult tooth. When dairy interferes with it, it can grow abnormally.

The dentition is symmetrical in nature, and the teeth erupt in pairs: on both parts of the dentition, they appear almost simultaneously.

The structure of milk teeth

Eruption of adult teeth

The rudiments of the first teeth (on average - about 20 units) in infants are formed during the first two years of life. When it comes time to replace them with permanent teeth, the milk teeth loosen and fall out. There are no definite terms for the eruption of molars; many factors can affect the speed: the ecological situation, climate, water quality and diet. Genetic features also play a certain role, some of which make themselves felt even during the formation of the fetus. The impact can be both positive and negative. If the parents have healthy teeth from birth, then there is no need to worry about the teeth of the child. If the first incisors, canines and premolars grow in 3 years, then the permanent ones erupt for a long time. The first symptoms of a change in the dentition can be seen at the age of 5, and it continues until the age of 21, when the third molars appear.

Eruption terms

Signs of the formation of permanent teeth

Most characteristic symptom formation of adult teeth childhood- an increase in the size of the jaw. The gaps between the first teeth are small, if the jaw grows, this means that it creates the conditions for new dental units. Adult teeth are larger than temporary teeth, so they require a lot of space. Distances between milk teeth increase. They lose stability and fall out. With any deviations, the teeth will break through with pain, bend, spoil the bite. In order for a child's teeth to grow properly, parents need to control this process.

Pay attention to the distance between the child's teeth

Permanent teeth can erupt at the age of 6-7 without any symptoms, but most often the child behaves restlessly, is naughty, gets irritated over trifles, and does not eat well. Often, the formation of permanent teeth has the same signs as with the eruption of milk teeth. If some other diseases occur against the background of teething, they can distort the symptoms.

Permanent teeth erupt at age 6 or 7

Increased salivation is a very common symptom, although it is no longer as abundant as in infancy but you can see the difference. At the age of 6, children can already be taught to wipe their mouths with a napkin, otherwise irritation will appear on the face, since saliva contains many microbes that aggressively affect delicate skin.

If your child is salivating, have a supply of clean handkerchiefs ready.

During the period of growth of permanent teeth, the gums and mucous membranes become inflamed again. If you notice redness in the mouth, it is better to show the child to the dentist, who can accurately distinguish the beginning of teething from the banal viral infection.

Show the child to the dentist if you notice redness in the child's mouth

Over time, swelling is observed on the gums - this is an adult tooth breaking through to replace the temporary one. The germination process is painful, parents can alleviate the child's condition with anesthetics.

The pain is replaced by itching. The child pulls things to the mouth to soothe the gums.

The child may suck or chew on fingers or other objects

A natural symptom will be a deterioration in the quality of sleep. If he is worried about a toothache, the baby will not be able to fall asleep for a long time, often wakes up at night, cries, tosses and turns.

If the baby does not sleep well and cries, this may be a symptom of teething.

Some children have a fever, cough, upset stool.

May have fever, cough

These signs may appear periodically and do not necessarily have to be present in all children.

Sequence of emergence of adult teeth

Almost all milk teeth that erupted in the first two and a half years, 10 pieces on each half, are replaced by permanent ones. Compared to their predecessors, adult teeth form in a different order.

Table. The sequence of formation of permanent teeth

If individual teeth grow in a different order in a baby, this is not dangerous. Individual characteristics, deficiency of vitamins and minerals slow down the speed and sequence of the formation of permanent teeth. It is important for parents to know that an adult tooth should not stagger, if any. similar symptoms, this should be an occasion for a visit to the dentist.

Teeth can fall out and grow at random in different children

Permanent teeth should not be loose

Associated features

These symptoms are not so often manifested, but they should not be ignored. If the baby has a fever, an incomprehensible cough, diarrhea - this can be both a sign of an infection and a reaction of a weakened body to pathogenic microflora.

Diarrhea can be a sign not only of teething, but also various diseases

During the formation of teeth, the temperature usually lasts 3-4 days to 38.5 ° C. This symptom is irregular, so the fever in children should be periodic. If it lasts for a long time, you need to show the child to the pediatrician. Some doctors believe that the symptoms of a cold have nothing to do with teething and prescribe appropriate treatment for cough and fever.

If the temperature persists for more than three days, you should consult a doctor

What does a cough and runny nose have to do with new teeth, adults also do not understand. The gums are directly related to the blood supply to the nose and airways. As teeth form in the mouth, blood flow increases. The nasal mucosa is close, so its glands also begin to produce more mucus, which children try to get rid of. Remaining mucus sinks down the throat, irritating Airways and causing coughing.

Runny nose may occur during teething

Another symptom is liquid stool with a frequency of no more than 3 times a day. Combing the gums, the baby constantly pulls dirty fingers and the first objects that come across into his mouth. In addition to infection, diarrhea is promoted by increased salivation, constantly washing the intestines. If the stool is short, does not contain blood impurities, for the health of the child, you can not be afraid. It is necessary to monitor his condition, since with a weakened immune system there is always a risk of attaching an infection that exacerbates all symptoms.

Children's problems of adult teeth

Hardly erupting permanent teeth may already have developmental deviations, and parents should be prepared for this.

Erupting teeth care

When changing teeth, care for them should be especially thorough, because a fallen tooth tears tissue, and when infected, it quickly becomes inflamed. To prevent such problems, you need to:

You can buy rinses for children or cook for this purpose herbal teas.

Mouthwash for children

interfere normal growth adult teeth bad habits: sucking fingers or tongue, pacifiers and any objects. Despite the teeth that have fallen out, do not limit the baby in solid food. A piece of apple or carrot massages and strengthens the gums, frees the teeth from plaque.

Treat your child with slices of apples and carrots

When is the right time to visit the dentist?

The formation of the dentition requires from the parents constant control and competent help child, so that in case of deviations in development, timely notice the pathology.

It is good if, when the first permanent teeth appear, the child visits pediatric dentist With preventive purpose.

Such a survey will help identify a number of problems:

• malocclusion;
• gum disease;
• inadequate mineralization of enamel;
• curvature of the dentition;
• milk caries.

Malocclusion

Milk teeth caries

Insufficient attention to teeth in childhood is not only excruciating pain, tears and insomnia for the whole family, but also painful treatment and fear of the dentist for life. Therefore, it is important to constantly keep in touch with your doctor and give enough time to the health of children.

The loss of the first teeth is a natural process for all children. And you need to worry only when there are problems with the formation of adult teeth. They can be prevented by controlling eruption from the first tooth.

Video - Terms of eruption of molars

Teething - significant event in the life of the child and his parents. There are times when this process proceeds painlessly. However, as a rule, teething is accompanied by a lot of unpleasant moments for the child and his parents: fever, diarrhea, worsening sleep, whims, crying, etc. It is about the features of teething in children and what parents need to do during this period that will be discussed in today's article.

The timing of teething in a child can be influenced by many factors, the main of which is genetics. Domestic and external factors not the last influence on this process, in particular, climate conditions, nutrition, quality drinking water etc. As a result, the process of teething in terms of time in different regions varies greatly. The hotter the climatic conditions, the earlier the first teeth appear in the baby. But this is also not a rule.

Most often, the first milk teeth begin to erupt when the child is six to eight months old. In a year, as a rule, a child has four upper and lower incisors. By about two years old, the first milk molars and fangs appear in the baby. About six months later, the second milk molars erupt. By the age of three, a child usually has a fully formed dairy row, in total, by this moment the baby should have twenty milk teeth (on each jaw there are 4 incisors, 2 canines and 4 molars (the fourth and fifth “chewing” teeth from the center)). By the time a child reaches the age of ten or twelve, there are twenty-eight teeth.

If your baby has not yet erupted a single milk tooth by nine months, you should not immediately worry. Eruption delay temporary teeth up to six months is considered by dentists normal. In addition, in boys, the process of teething milk teeth begins later than in girls. In this situation, it is necessary to carefully examine the baby's gums. Perhaps they swelled and turned red, or, conversely, became thin and pale, and a tooth can be felt under them or it can be seen with the naked eye. To speed up the eruption process, it is recommended to purchase special ring stimulators in the form of a toy. It will also benefit lung conduction gum massage in the form of light pressure. This will facilitate and speed up the process, only before that it is necessary to observe complete sterility of the hands. Cold can also help the child by reducing pain and swelling. To do this, you can give a cold spoon to suck, or hold a pacifier in the refrigerator. You can use special cooling teethers, they are kept for some time (not long) in the refrigerator, and then they are given to the child to gnaw.

Delayed teething in a child may be due to general growth retardation due to a number of diseases existing in a child, especially rickets. AT this case you need to visit a pediatrician who will recommend vitamins and calcium supplements to normalize mineral metabolism.

Quite a rare occurrence in children is adentia or the absence of rudiments of teeth. Therefore, if not a single milk tooth has yet erupted in a one-year-old child, it should be shown to the dentist, who, in case of emergency, through x-rays check for the presence of rudiments of teeth. Of course, X-ray exposure is not safe for the child's body, so this procedure should be carried out only with the recommendation and appointment of a dentist. At present, to reduce harmful effects x-rays developed special equipment- radiovisiographer. As a rule, it is available in any modern dental clinic.

Symptoms of teething in a child.
The main signs that the first milk tooth in a child begins to erupt are inflammation and redness of the gums, burning cheeks, and not rarely the presence of a swollen ball white color from which the tooth should emerge. However, this moment may be somewhat delayed, since the tooth, before passing through the mucous membrane of the gums, must overcome the bone tissue surrounding it. It’s not worth rushing or interfering in this process, because you can accidentally damage milk teeth or infect the jawbone. Everything will happen by itself. Many mothers give babies bagels, dryers, a crust of bread, etc. to relieve itching. In this case, you should be especially careful, because the crumbs can get into the respiratory tract and get stuck there.

During our life, we have one change of twenty teeth, the remaining twelve erupt immediately with permanent (indigenous), therefore they do not change.

Teething in children occurs approximately in this order (Fig. 1):

		The first (medial) lower incisors - 6-9 months. The second (lateral) lower incisors - 9-12 months.
		The first (medial) upper incisors - 7-10 months. The second (lateral) upper incisors - 9-12 months.
		The first upper molars - 12-18 months. The first lower molars - 13-19 months.
		upper fangs- 16-20 months Lower fangs - 17-22 months.
		The second lower molars - 20-33 months. The second upper molars - 24-36 months.

Most often, the first tooth erupts in tandem with the second. It also happens that the baby immediately cuts four teeth, which, accordingly, also affects the timing of eruption. The order in which teeth appear is often very different. Unfortunately, there is no way to influence this process. In this case, there is no anomaly, nature is in again"throws" their surprises.

Around the age of five or six, a child begins to change milk teeth. Normally, an adult has 28-32 permanent teeth: each jaw has 4 incisors, 2 canines, 4 premolars and 4-6 molars. The development of the third molar or "wisdom tooth" against the background of congenital adentia of the third molars may not occur at all, which is also the norm. Quite often it also happens that the "wisdom tooth" has a tab in the thickness of the jaw, but is not cut as a result of an incorrect position or insufficient space in the jaw.

Before the change of milk teeth, there is a process of the appearance of gaps or cracks (three) between the teeth. This phenomenon is considered normal. Moreover, these gaps are simply necessary, since new, permanent teeth are significantly larger in size than milk ones. If for some reason these gaps are not formed, then permanent teeth do not have enough space in the child's jaw, resulting in their curvature. Simultaneously with the appearance of gaps between milk teeth, the roots of milk teeth dissolve, as a result of which they begin to stagger and then fall out.

The process of teething milk teeth in a child can be accompanied by various ailments: increased excitability, when the child becomes capricious and restless, bad dream, screaming and crying, as well as lack of appetite. At the same time, the baby strives to put everything in his mouth that comes to his hand due to irritation and itching of the gums. In addition, during this period, the child greatly increases salivation, which can contribute to the appearance of irritation. skin. Also often on the cheek from the side of the erupting tooth there is a rash or slight redness skin, as well as the temperature rise to 37.8 degrees.

Meanwhile, the above phenomena can be not only symptoms of teething, but also developing infection. Therefore, if a child has nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, rash, cough, ear pain, loss of appetite and fever to high levels, it is necessary to call a doctor. The appearance of symptoms of colds and diarrhea is explained by abrupt change diet and diet, constant presence foreign objects in the mouth, a violation of the microflora, as well as a weakening of local immunity in the nasopharynx.

During the process of the appearance of milk teeth, the baby may experience an unpleasant sour (metallic smell from the mouth), which is due to the partial decomposition of the mucous membrane (lysis). Saliva enzymes, which are abundant during this period, play a huge role. The viscosity, color and odor of saliva may change. In addition, weak antibacterial substances are present in saliva, which can also change the normal properties of saliva. Also, during teething, a certain amount of blood enters the oral cavity, which, when decomposed, can give no nice smell.

What remedies relieve pain?
As noted earlier, the cold eases the child's condition during teething. If this does not help, it is recommended to use special dental gels or ointments (containing lidocaine, menthol and flavorings) that should be applied directly to the gums. The most common are Kalgel, Mundizal, Holisal, Dentinox, Kamistad, Solcoseryl (dental paste, not external ointment!). These drugs do not affect the process of the appearance of teeth at all. All of them are clinically tested and do not cause side effects. The only thing is that they can not be used if children have allergies. For such kids, a special drug Doctor Baby has been developed. Flaw conventional drugs in that they have an exclusively anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect. Therefore, today doctors recommend Dentokind, a drug specially developed for babies, which, in addition to its anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect, has a calming effect on the nervous system and stabilizes sleep. Medicines should only be used on the advice of a physician.

These gels are used when pain occurs. However, you should not get carried away, do not use more than three or four times and more than three days.

To relieve pain and itching during teething in a child, you can use funds traditional medicine. For example, tooth tea, it will help the baby calm down, and also reduce pain, eliminate insomnia. In addition, this tea can be used by the mother herself to calm down. nervous system. To prepare it, you should mix in equal proportions the flowers of chamomile, lemon balm, catnip (catnip), lavender flowers. Take a tablespoon herbal mixture and pour 200 ml of boiling water. Let it brew for fifteen to thirty minutes. If the baby is too restless, and the mother's nerves are at the limit, two tablespoons of the mixture can be taken in a glass of boiling water. Since herbs are absolutely harmless, they can be given to a child without restrictions for a long time.

Very effectively relieves pain and reduces irritability of valerian tincture, which is recommended to be rubbed into the child's gums. Despite the not particularly pleasant smell, valerian tincture has a rather pleasant taste. Sometimes in small quantities it can be given to small children (5-10 drops).

The infusion of sage smells good and perfectly relieves pain, and also helps to strengthen the tissues of the gums and future teeth.

Possible features of teeth in children at the stage of teething.

• A blackish edging on the neck of the tooth indicates the use of iron preparations in dissolved form or an inflammatory process. chronic nature(bacteria of the leptotrichia group).
• Yellowish-brown staining of the teeth indicates the use of antibiotics by the mother in the second half of the gestation of the baby, or by the child during the formation of teeth.
• Yellowish-greenish staining occurs in the presence of severe disorders of bilirubin metabolism and the state of destruction of red blood cells.
• Reddish staining of tooth enamel is observed with a congenital disorder in the metabolism of the porphyrin pigment (porphyria).
• Malocclusion is observed against the background of uneven growth of the jaws due to prolonged sucking of the nipples.
• Violations of the position of the teeth are manifested due to constitutional reasons (small size of the jaw), due to injuries, with congenital disorder exchange connective tissue, with tumors of the alveolar process of the jaw.

Consider rare cases observed during teething, which can indirectly indicate the presence of pathology (only a thorough examination can prove or disprove this fact):

• Not correct formation tooth (size, shape, color, etc.) and its causes are identified by specialists.
• Eruption of the tooth outside the arch of the dentition indicates an incorrect position of the axis of the tooth (horizontal or oblique).
• A delay in the appearance of the first milk teeth by more than two months from the norm may indicate rickets, the presence of infectious disease, disruption of the functioning of the intestine, as well as changes in metabolism.
• The appearance of milk teeth before the norm for one or two months may be the result endocrine disorders in the body.
• The appearance of teeth before birth. Such cases are observed very rarely. Usually such teeth are removed for the baby, as they prevent him from sucking his mother's breast.
• Violation of the order of eruption or the absence of any tooth also indicates the presence of any anomalies or is a consequence of the diseases that the mother suffered during the period of bearing the child.

• During teething, it is necessary to constantly blot the baby's saliva with a soft towel to prevent skin irritation.
• You can not rub alcohol-containing solutions into the baby's gums, as well as use aspirin and other medicines.
• When the first teeth appear, it is necessary to start caring for them. A baby up to one and a half years old can use a special brush made of soft plastic to brush their teeth, which is put on the mother's finger. The procedure is carried out once a day. For an older child, you can purchase a special baby brush. Usually children like this procedure, and they are happy to imitate their parents. And yet, the main cleaning should be done by mom. At two years old, the child can be shown how to rinse his mouth with water (preferably after each meal) and use children's toothpaste with the recommended fluoride content for this age.
• In order to prevent the development of caries, parents should strictly monitor the child's diet, especially the amount of sweets and sugary drinks, which should be at least in the diet. Be sure to include 10-20 g in your child's diet daily. hard cheese, sea kale, raisins, dried apricots, green and black tea, the latter has a lot of fluorine.
• The child's first visit to the dentist should take place at two years, but if there are any problems, earlier. Remember, healthy baby teeth contribute to the proper formation and health of permanent teeth.
• Do not lick the nipple or try the baby's food with a baby spoon, as you can introduce bacteria in the adult's saliva into the baby's mouth.
• It is necessary to teach the child to brush his teeth after each meal, or at least twice a day, always at night.

Rare parents can boast that their kids' teeth climbed without problems. Usually this is accompanied by a special nervousness of the child, he cries a lot, may refuse to eat and sleep. Many children have a fever, and the states of "teething" of dad and mom are understandably afraid. But not only infants suffer from severe teething, certain inconveniences can be delivered by cutting teeth to older children.

How to recognize that a child is teething

In order for the parent to react in time and help the baby, he must understand that the moment has come when the child has teeth. And parents should not confuse the signs of teething with anything.

How to understand that teeth have begun to cut:

• swelling and inflammation of the gums, it seems to swell;
• there may be redness of the cheeks;
• salivation is very active, saliva sometimes gets on the chin, cheek or neck, and irritation appears at this place;
• the child is capricious, restless, hardly sleeps during the day and wakes up at night;
• to reduce itching in the gum, the baby rubs it with a fist, tries to gnaw and suck something;
• the child's appetite is reduced;
• the temperature rises (the threshold of increase is individual).

Moreover, if the gum is swollen, this does not mean that the tooth will erupt literally today. Redness of the gums and swelling may appear two weeks before the teeth erupt. That is why this period is so difficult for many children: the child simply gets tired of constant discomfort, soreness.

Chewing, wider teeth in a baby can be especially difficult to erupt. The eruption area is different, so this period can be difficult.

By the way, not all symptoms, popularly called signs of teething, are really associated with the growth of teeth. For example, diarrhea, nausea, cough and runny nose, some parents also consider possible reaction for cutting. But most pediatricians will not agree with this opinion. They say that the connection between these symptoms and teething can be motivated only by the fact that while the teeth are “going”, the body is in tension, the immune system is slightly weakened. Against this background, as you might guess, you can catch the virus faster.

To make it easier for parents to navigate the teething system, they can print out a reminder for themselves with a picture of the jaws, an indication of the teeth, and a description of exactly when certain dental units are cut.

This is how a child's teeth erupt according to the following scheme:

• 6-10 months - central incisor, lower jaw;
• 8-12 months - central incisor, upper jaw;
• 9-13 months - lateral incisors, upper jaw;
• 10-16 months - lateral incisors, lower jaw;
• 13-19 months - molar, upper jaw;
• 14-18 months - molar, lower jaw;
• 16-22 months - fangs, upper jaw;
• 17-23 months - fangs, lower jaw;
• 23-31 months - the second root, lower jaw;
• 21-31 months - the second root, upper jaw.

It turns out that at two years old, the second molars of both jaws usually climb in a child. But it is difficult to say whether this is the most difficult teething for the baby. It is believed that fangs are more painful, due to their sharp edges. They literally tear the gum. fangs upper jaw, perhaps the most painful in their eruption. They are also called ophthalmic, as they are connected with the facial nerve.

Table. Peculiarities of eruption of milk teeth

It seems to many parents that the first teeth are cut more painfully than others, and the eruption of molars in two-year-old children is not accompanied by such pain. Therefore, parents may not understand what causes the capricious behavior of a two-year-old child, what worries him.

How second molars are cut in children of two years

Chewing teeth are located further than the incisors and canines, it is correct to call them premolars and molars. The popular name for these dental units is molars or back teeth. This is not to say that chewing teeth erupt without problems. For some children, molar eruption is at least uncomfortable.

When teething second molars, the following symptoms can be observed:

AT rare cases the baby may even have allergies or diathesis. In any case, all signs indicate that the baby is going through difficult period He is in pain, uncomfortable, scared. He suffers, but far from always being able to convey to his parents the reason for his concern. It is necessary to help the child to ease this difficult period.

What should parents do when teething in children

If you notice the first symptoms of teething, the tactics of behavior during this period should be as follows. The daily routine of the child is as calm and familiar as possible. No long trips, trips to visit and other extraordinary events. The child should sleep at home, in his favorite bed under his favorite blanket. It is especially important for him at this time to feel the stability that his usual circumstances and environment give him.

If the child clings to the mother all the time, the mother should be close to the maximum. Do not show your irritation, do not raise your voice, calm down and smile. It is important to try to distract the baby, but only gently, without pressure: read a book to him, draw with him, play with the designer.

It is very important not to force the child to eat. He already has serious discomfort in his mouth, the place of eruption itches. Doctors believe that not every adult would have steadfastly endured this period. Therefore, these days you can make some indulgences on the menu. Prepare what the child is always willing to eat. Food should not be solid, hot and cold are also excluded.

But at this time it is better to refuse sweets altogether. The body is under stress, it reacts to teething in the same way as it usually responds to the inflammatory process. And the use of sweets during this period can be equated with adding fuel to the fire. This will definitely not support a weakened body.

Special gels will help to facilitate the eruption process. For example, the same Calgel based on lidocaine. It is a mild anesthetic that relieves inflammation and redness. If the child is able allergic reaction on the components of the drug, this remedy has to be abandoned. Younger children love the so-called silicone teethers, which help them relieve itchy gums. But two-year-olds often enjoy using such a device.

Gum massage is another option for helping a child during such a difficult period. Only you need to do it with perfectly clean hands, gentle and delicate movements. If the child does not like such manipulations, stop the massage. But usually children respond well to it. You can do a massage before going to bed by turning on your child's favorite lullaby. Pleasant associations make this procedure comfortable for the baby.

If the child has a fever

A temperature of 37 degrees is considered the norm, up to 37.5 this will also not be considered a special and complicated situation. Usually children with this slight increase temperatures feel good. Naturally, it makes no sense to give an antipyretic in this case.

If the temperature has risen above 38 degrees, it is worth saying that inflammation or infection has joined the eruption process. This situation requires a visit to a doctor (he needs to be called to the house), and only his recommendations will be your tactics in your future behavior.

During teething, the temperature is usually:

• rises in the evening, at night;
• lasts up to three days;
• requires an antipyretic if the child is suffering.

There is no exact temperature mark when you need to go for medicine. Of course, a temperature above 39 is already serious signal, the control of the doctor is obligatory in this case. But some parents tend to bring down the temperature at 37.5, while others consider the indicator “it's time to drink antipyretic” as a mark of 38.5 -39 degrees.

Temperatures above 39 degrees are dangerous because the child may have seizures. The baby's brain is still adapted to such changes in body temperature, and such a neurological reaction is natural. But the condition is not harmless - be sure to call a doctor. It is also dangerous that fever causes dehydration and exhaustion of a small organism. How younger child, the more dangerous this situation is: fever in babies, especially if it does not stray, requires hospitalization.

And remember that the antipyretic should be strictly for children, ideally recommended by a doctor. Usually these are drugs based on paracetamol. If they did not help, you can give the child Ibuprofen (but prescribe it to babies from a year old).

But drugs of the aspirin and analgin group should never be given to children. These are toxic drugs that cause side effects.

An excellent tactic at high temperatures would be to humidify the air in the room, regular airing (while the child is in another room), plentiful drink and food upon request. The child should drink plenty of warm drinks, and eat only when he wants to. Exclude dry air, wrapping up under three pajamas and two blankets. If a child wants to play at a high temperature, do not force him to go to bed.

It is important to understand that if the temperature is elevated for more than three days, it is unlikely that the problem is teething. And when she still does not go astray, urgently call a doctor and look for the real reason for such a reaction of the body.

Teething is not a very long period. By the age of three, it definitely ends, and then you will already be waiting for the loss of milk teeth and the growth of permanent ones. As a rule, the child tolerates these processes normally. To make sure everything is in order, visit a pediatric dentist every six months. You can take care of milk teeth from the moment they appear. Teach your child to brush their teeth twice a day, monitor the quality of brushing.

Video - What parents should do when their child is teething

Chewing teeth are those teeth that are further than the incisors (front teeth) and canines, in dentistry they are called premolars and molars. In the people they are also often called back or indigenous. Chewing teeth, both milk and permanent, can cause a lot of trouble for parents and children during eruption.

Types of chewing teeth

Milk chewing teeth total 8, 4 on each jaw, 2 on each side. Officially, the pair of back teeth is called the first and second molars. Compared to permanent teeth, they are smaller and also characterized by thinner enamel, increased fragility and a greater risk of damage.

Scheme of eruption of milk teeth

After the growth of the milk tooth is completed, a period of physiological rest begins, lasting about three years. Then the roots begin to shorten, dissolve, and the tooth becomes mobile and falls out. A permanent one grows in its place.

Permanent chewing teeth are called premolars and molars. Counting from the middle of the jaw, the premolars are the fourth and fifth in a row, and the molars are the sixth, seventh and eighth.

Scheme of eruption of permanent teeth

Chewing teeth are called molars because of their shape. Premolars are also called small molars. First and second molars differ in root structure and crown shape. The sixth and seventh teeth of the upper jaw each have three roots, a cuboid crown, and 3–4 cusps. lower molars have 2 roots. The second molar is smaller than the first.

In total, each person has 8 premolars and 8 molars. Permanent teeth, which are the eighth in a row - wisdom teeth - do not erupt in all people. As a rule, the total number of teeth is 28 (of which 16 are chewing).

When and in what order they are cut

Chewing teeth begin to grow in babies after a year, when the first 8 teeth - incisors - are already in place. They do not appear in a row: after the first molars (their number in the dental formula is 4), fangs (3) usually grow, and only then do the second molars (5).

The dental formula shows which teeth the child has already grown, designating each by its number from the center of the jaw.

Table: sequence and timing of eruption of the first and second milk molars

It is important to remember that any sequence of eruption of milk teeth, as well as the timing of their appearance, deviating from the generally accepted ones by no more than six months, are individual option norms.

Video: timing and order of appearance of teeth

Permanent molars in children begin to erupt closer to six years.. First, the first molars grow (6), then a pair of premolars (4, 5), canines (3) and only after the canines - the second molars (7).

Table: sequence and timing of eruption of permanent premolars and molars

The order of eruption of permanent teeth is also very conditional. By the age of 13, a child has 28 permanent teeth.

Symptoms of teething

As a rule, the eruption of milk molars occurs relatively painlessly and easily, compared with the appearance of incisors and canines. The baby can become lethargic, moody and restless for a few days..

Main symptoms:

• fever (usually not higher than 38 degrees);
• runny nose;
• profuse salivation;
• sleep disturbance and anxiety;
• itching and soreness of the gums;
• sometimes - indigestion and stool.

It is important to remember that during the period of teething, the child's immunity is weakened, therefore, if several alarming symptoms appear within 2-3 days, it is necessary to consult a pediatrician or dentist to exclude an infectious disease.

In most cases, the appearance of molars is accompanied only by a runny nose.

Video: Dr. Komarovsky about the "tooth" runny nose

Eruption of permanent chewing teeth usually does not cause deterioration general condition and therefore easily tolerated by children. But there is another problem here. During the period of interchangeable occlusion, it sometimes happens that the milk tooth stands firmly in its place, and the permanent one is already beginning to erupt. This is often asymptomatic and painless. However, if this process is not noticed in time and the milk tooth is not removed in dentistry, then the permanent one may grow uneven or will grow between the milk teeth, pushing them apart. There is a serious risk of developing a malocclusion in a child.

Video: the period of mixed dentition in children

How to help a child

The appearance of milk teeth can be facilitated by special silicone teethers. There are teethers filled with water, they must be kept in the refrigerator for 20 minutes before use. Older children who are teething permanent teeth are allowed to chew solid food(for example, an apple or crackers). This is also necessary in order for the teeth to get used to the load.

Remember that babies who are not yet able to chew can be given any products so that they scratch their itchy gums in this way only in a special mesh - a nibbler.

Nibbler helps massage gums safely

Video: how not to relieve itchy gums

If necessary, the doctor prescribes special dental gels with analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects, as well as drugs general action that relieve pain and reduce inflammation:

• gels based on lidocaine and benzocaine (for example, Calgel and Kamistad);
• anti-inflammatory and homeopathic gels (for example, Holisal and Traumeel S);
• painkillers and anti-inflammatory drugs prescribed by a doctor, in dosage form, suitable for the child by age (as a rule, these are paracetamol and ibuprofen preparations, for example, Eferalgan and Nurofen).

Before using medications, be sure to consult a doctor: only he can determine a safe and effective dosage.

Photo Gallery: Remedies to Relieve Teething Symptoms in Babies

Care rules

1. Visit the dentist, let him give you everything necessary advice and pick up safe medicines to relieve fever, pain and inflammation.
2. Never lick your baby's pacifier or pacifier! For an older child, select separate cutlery - a spoon and a fork, which only he will use.
3. Follow the rules of daily hygiene of the child's oral cavity. It is recommended to brush the teeth of children over 1 year old with special soft children's brushes. When the child gets older, it is necessary to teach him the right movements so that after the procedure the bumpy surface of the chewing teeth is really clean.
4. Teach your child to rinse their mouth with water after each meal. If food gets stuck between the back teeth and/or gums, gently clean these places with dental floss.
5. Drink your child often to avoid dry mouth.
6. Try to limit your intake of foods containing sugar.
7. In order for teeth to grow strong, food must be nutritious and varied.

Children usually endure the eruption of premolars and molars easily, but parents need to control this process. After all, milk chewing teeth play important role in the development of independent eating skills, and the constants replacing them determine the correct formation of the bite. Temporary rear teeth should in no case interfere with the growth of permanent ones, therefore, in some cases, their timely removal may be required.

My name is Elena. I'm 28 years old. Higher education- economic, additional - in the field of customs. I always strive for new knowledge and self-development, I devote a lot of time to studying issues related to the health and upbringing of children. I use a lot in practice.

Harbingers of teething

Usually, teething begins by six months, about a couple of weeks before that, the “symptoms” of eruption begin. All harbingers of teething can be classified into two groups.

The first group includes common signs of eruption, the second group includes local signs teething.

Common signs of eruption can be safely attributed frequent shifts the mood of the child, whims, poor and disturbing sleep of the crumbs, decreased appetite, at some points the baby may simply refuse to eat for no apparent reason. Babies who are breastfed begin to breastfeed more often, you can just say "hang" on the chest.

In addition, babies constantly pull everything into their mouths, everything that comes to hand. All objects that have fallen into the mouth are used by him to scratch the gums. Profuse salivation begins a little earlier than whims, but gradually, the amount of saliva secreted increases. But it is worth remembering that salivation is not always associated with teething. In most cases, the presence of profuse salivation indicates the establishment of the salivary glands.

Mothers of toddlerswho are breastfed may complain of biting their breasts during feeding, the number of feedings also increases, which is especially true for the night period. Parents can also be disturbed by a completely specific type of runny nose, which is observed only when the front group of the upper teeth erupts, including fangs. Discharge from the nose, with a consistency, resembles water, and does not cause any inconvenience to the child. If green impurities appear in the secretions, then this indicates the addition secondary infection and you need to see a doctor.

The second group of signs of eruption is local, which is more likely to say whether it is teething or not. When common features teething, the first step is to look into the baby's mouth, and carefully examine the gums. In the place where the first teeth should erupt, most often these are the lower front incisors, redness appears, the gums may be slightly swollen.

All of these symptoms point to inflammation in the gums, which is a sure sign of teething. Immediately or after some time, it is possible to notice a tooth through the gum, which will soon erupt. Gradually, the tooth becomes more and more noticeable, and the first tooth can already be felt with your finger.

How to speed up teething?

Often parents are anxiously waiting for teething, the child already has all the signs of teething, but the teeth themselves are still missing. So what to do? Everything is within the normal range, until the tooth erupts, it passes a lot of obstacles. And the very first of them becomes bone tissue, the crown of the tooth, a path is laid. After bone tissue, the tooth must also overcome the mucous membrane, which is more difficult, since this tissue is elastic.

In order to help teething, there are special substances in the child's saliva - saliva enzymes, which "melt" the mucous membrane and thereby contribute to the rupture of the mucous membrane and the appearance of a tooth. In addition, saliva also contains antibacterial agents that help to cope with the infection, which often appears on the background of teething.

Parents should remember that teething cannot be accelerated in any way. Calcium supplements will not help. They are safely excreted from the body, and only a small part is absorbed. The baby's teeth do not erupt not because of an insufficient amount of calcium, the process of teething is much more difficult. Modern dentistry until he can not exactly answer the question of what exactly causes the teeth to erupt. The main theory is the development of the root of a milk tooth, it is its growth that makes the tooth move. Of course, certain trace elements are necessary for growth, but it also takes time for the cells to begin to divide.

Another serious mistake parents make is tearing the gum tissue. Under no circumstances should this be done!

First, it is worth remembering that it is very painful.

Secondly, it is worth remembering that there is a possibility of injuring the delicate tissues of a tooth that has not yet erupted, and causing an infection. The only exception is the corresponding operation during the eruption of wisdom teeth, when the so-called "hood" of the mucous membrane is removed in the surgical room.

To facilitate teething, the baby can be given "natural" teethers, such as a piece of hard bread, crackers, bagels, all hard foods that can "scratch" the gums. The generation of grandmothers will gladly give the little one a piece of sugar - refined sugar. Which is absolutely impossible to do, for many reasons.

Fever and other "symptoms"

A frequent complaint of parents is a significant increase in temperature in the child, loosening of the stool, possibly vomiting and the presence of a rash. When contacting a pediatrician, some doctors attribute everything to teething without even trying to look for another reason.

Parents should be aware that teething cannot high temperature above 38º, which lasts more than three days. If the body temperature rises immediately above this figure, then a specialist consultation is necessary.

Teething has nothing to do with loose stools, cramps, rashes, and so on. When these symptoms appear, also with an increase in temperature, it is first of all necessary to suspect an intestinal infection, and other diseases. And you need to see a doctor immediately.

Many pediatricians and dentists claim that the reason for this condition of the child lies precisely in teething. But in order to refute this statement, it is enough just to understand the mechanism of eruption and the occurrence of temperature. The temperature rises in response to the formation of inflammation in the mucous membrane. But, the area of ​​inflammation is so small that the temperature increase cannot be significant.

Symptoms such as loose stools, fever are more indicators of an intestinal infection, in addition, during this period, intestinal infections most relevant, as the baby pulls everything in his mouth.

Each child reacts in his own way to an increase in temperature, one kid does not even notice an increase in temperature, life activity does not suffer in any way, the baby has a normal appetite. Another group of babies is very difficult to tolerate fever, often developing side effects, such as vomiting, diarrhea, convulsions, etc. It turns out that diarrhea and vomiting can be independent manifestations of a disease, or are associated with fever, but neither as unrelated to teething.

How to help a child during eruption of milk teeth?

Teething is a very difficult period for babies and parents. The baby is constantly tormented by itching, less often by short-term pain, and other unpleasant symptoms. It is worth remembering that there is no 100% right ways which will help to alleviate the condition of the baby. Each baby is individual, and therefore, it is necessary to approach this issue individually. Parents need to try various methods and watch the reaction.

Teething in a child, most often, begins at about six months, from this age, the introduction of complementary foods mainly begins. Quite often, babies refuse complementary foods, and require their mother's breasts. Thanks to this, kids receive not only necessary food, but also "painkillers", "sedatives" and so on, which greatly alleviates the condition of the child. It is not recommended to insist on the introduction of complementary foods, otherwise you can simply provoke vomiting.

Dentists advise giving the child teethers, which can be different. best performance has teethers with fillers that must be pre-cooled. Cold is able to reduce itching and pain, and “scratching” the gums with a teether contributes to the speedy teething.

You can use gum massage with a gauze swab previously moistened with cold water. Such actions simultaneously relieve itching in the gums of the little one and clean the oral cavity. Before starting the procedure, the hands of the parents must be thoroughly washed. Massage should be gentle, gentle with the complete exclusion of pressing and sudden movements.

In order to reduce signs of inflammation, you can wipe the baby's mouth with solutions of medicinal plants, such as chamomile decoction. You can use decoction different ways, give the kids to drink it, or gently wipe their mouths, make applications - applying for a while gauze swab, plentifully moistened in broth.

In pharmacies, there are many specialized teething gels that contain an anesthetic in their composition, in most cases it is lidocaine. Before using the gel, you need to read the annotation of the drug. It is necessary to use the drug according to the strict indications of the instructions and in no case more often. Otherwise, it could end badly.

The mechanism of action of these drugs is based on surface anesthesia(numbness) of the mucous membrane, due to which all unpleasant sensations are reduced and the baby can eat or fall asleep peacefully.

Timing of teething

There are average teething times that parents are guided by. If teething occurs during these periods, then the doctor and parents are calm, the child develops fully, and there are no fears. In teething, not only specific dates are evaluated, but also the so-called pairing principle.

Most often, eruption occurs by 6 months, initially precursors appear, and then the teeth themselves. The very first tooth is the lower, central incisor, the timing of its appearance is 6-8 months. As you know, there are only 2 front incisors, and there is no fundamental difference which tooth burns first, these two teeth can erupt simultaneously.

According to the principle of pairing, the next teeth are the front upper incisors, their eruption time is 7-10 months. According to this principle, “upper - lower”, teeth of the same name, and teething occurs. Closer to 9 - 12 months, lateral incisors appear, both on the upper and lower jaws. As a result, by the year, the child should have 8 teeth.

After a year, eruption of chewing teeth begins, which begins from a year to a year and a half. The chewing group of teeth includes molars, on each jaw of a child, there are 4 of them, two on each side.

Initially, the eruption of this group of teeth begins from the lower jaw, and a little later, from 13 to 19 months, eruption occurs on the upper jaw, but this is not the rule. teething, most complex teeth, occurs in the period of 16 - 20 months. It turns out that teething is completed by 2.5 - 3 years, by this time all 20 milk teeth are located in the baby's oral cavity.

In order to independently control the eruption, whether it corresponds normal indicators And so on. Parents can use a special formula that is used mainly by pediatricians. According to this formula, you can determine the number of teeth that corresponds to the age of the child.

The age of the child must be converted into months, and subtract 4 from this number, the result obtained corresponds to the number of teeth in the peanut. It is worth remembering that the formula can only be used up to two years, if the child is older, the formula completely loses its meaning. In addition, it is worth remembering that the formula has some errors.