How to understand when ovulation occurs? Early ovulation: norm or pathology

Ovulation- This is the physiological process of the release of a mature egg from the follicle shell into the area of ​​​​the fallopian tube.

Follicle is the sac in the ovary that contains the egg. At the beginning of the cycle, several maturing follicles, approximately the same size, are almost always normally released in the ovary. Then, after a few days, one of the follicles becomes dominant - it begins to grow faster than the others. Its size increases gradually from 1 mm to 20 mm. When the follicle reaches its maximum size, an egg is released from it, that is, ovulation occurs.

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The concept of ovulation is closely related to the female menstrual cycle. The beginning and end of the cycle are counted from ovulation, taking into account that ovulation itself occurs in the middle of the cycle (normally 14 days before the start of menstruation).

The egg matures and is released in each woman about 14 days (plus or minus 2 days) before the next menstruation. And on what day it will be from the date of the beginning of the last menstruation, it depends on the length of the cycle of a particular woman.

Ovulation begins to occur in the female body almost from the beginning of the period of puberty, usually in adolescence, from 12-13 years. Ovulation stops with the onset of menopause.

How does ovulation happen?

Relatively recently, scientists for the first time captured the moment of ovulation on video using modern equipment during an operation for IVF. Previously, it was a complete mystery, and one could only guess about what was happening in the female body.

It turns out that the process of ovulation lasts only about 15 minutes. A hole is formed on the wall of the follicle, from which the cell emerges. By the way, the egg is the largest cell in the human body.

The photo shows how surgical instruments support the follicle, the arrow points to the emerging egg.

The egg, leaving the ovary, is picked up by the villi of the fallopian tube, and they direct it towards the uterus and towards the spermatozoa. The egg cell waits for a meeting with them only 24 hours, and if not a single spermatozoon has reached it, it dies.

If during these 24 hours the fusion of the spermatozoon with the egg cell occurred, we can say that conception has occurred. As you can see, the moment of ovulation and conception are somewhat different in time.

When does ovulation occur?

In women who do not have chronic inflammatory diseases of the ovaries and other organs of the reproductive system, on average, once a month, an egg is released from one ovary into the uterine cavity. In rare cases, ovulation occurs twice in one cycle, from both ovaries with a difference of several days. This is how multiple pregnancies happen, in which babies of different sexes.

Do you ovulate every month?

Girls are born with a certain supply of eggs, which are consumed with each ovulation. At birth, the reserve is about 400 thousand eggs. When their number comes to an end, menopause occurs.

On average, ovulation occurs monthly, in every menstrual cycle. Sometimes it happens that out of 12 cycles in a year, one or 2 will be anovulatory, that is, without ovulation. This is normal and cannot be treated. This process has nothing to do with age. In women with a healthy reproductive system, the release of the egg from the follicle occurs every month and in most cases without much disruption. But with age, the number of eggs becomes less and less, and over the age of 45, ovulation can occur with a break of 2-3 months.

What day to expect ovulation?

It is believed that on average ovulation occurs on the 12th-15th day of the menstrual cycle. To set the date as accurately as possible, it is necessary to maintain a special calendar. This is an approximate method, because there is some difficulty in calculating ovulation with the calendar method. If you have a 28 day cycle, you will ovulate around day 14 of your cycle. If you have a cycle of 32 days - on the 18th day of the cycle, and so on.

But if a woman has an irregular cycle, then its length changes every time, for example, from 30 to 40 days, and it is no longer possible to calculate ovulation in this way.

Sometimes, the basal temperature method is used to calculate the onset of ovulation. In the absence of inflammatory processes, it should be stable daily, and before ovulation, under the action of the hormone estrogen, it decreases by 0.1 or 0.2 degrees. This suggests that the egg is already formed and ready to leave the follicle. Then the temperature rises sharply and stays within 37.0 - 37.3 ° until the next menstruation. It is this temperature dip that indicates the onset of ovulation.

Signs of ovulation

Many women feel the approach of ovulation for certain signs that are associated with changes in hormonal levels. These include:

• Pain in one side of the abdomen(associated with stretching of the ovarian capsule before ovulation and rupture of the capsule during ovulation). Pain can be of different intensity, but mostly pulling, sometimes given to the lower back. After ovulation, the pain completely disappears. If the pain in the middle of the cycle is very severe and radiates to the rectum, then this may be a symptom of ovarian apoplexy, and such a condition requires medical intervention.
• Change in the nature of the discharge. In the first half of the cycle, whites are practically absent, but towards the middle of the cycle they begin to appear. A feature is that the discharge during ovulation becomes abundant and viscous. At the same time, in a healthy woman, they are completely transparent. During the examination, the gynecologist can assume the day of ovulation, as he sees the “pupil symptom” - the accumulation of mucus in the cervical canal.
• Increasing sex drive. This is a natural reaction, as the body adjusts to pregnancy. A woman on a subconscious level becomes more attractive to men.

How to determine ovulation?

In order to obtain the most accurate information about the movement of the egg through the fallopian tubes, you should, of course, contact a gynecologist. It has all the necessary medical equipment that allows you to fully examine all the female reproductive organs. It is also possible to determine this process at home, but for this you will need to apply the following methods:

• use the above basal temperature measurement, the deviation of which is even half a degree, indicates that there is a healthy egg inside the uterus, waiting in the wings;
• buy at the pharmacy ovulation test, which works exactly on the same principle as the strips for determining pregnancy. With a positive test result, ovulation will begin in 16 - 26 hours;
• regularly count 14 days from the last date of menstruation, after which the probability of ovulation is extremely high;
• listen to the signs of your body, because in 85% of women during the movement of the egg into the uterine cavity, the hormonal background rises sharply, pulling pains appear in one of the ovaries and sexual attraction to the opposite sex increases (if you mark such days monthly, you can eventually trace the pattern that such a condition organism falls on the same dates, which are essentially the days of ovulation).
• Ultrasound allows you to visually assess the processes occurring in the ovaries. This method is used quite often in order to identify signs of ovulation. It's called folliculometry.
• Microscopic examination of saliva to determine ovulation. The changes that occur during ovulation affect the entire body. The microscopic method is based on the detection of the "fern" pattern in the study of saliva. You can also use the discharge during ovulation, which by this time becomes more viscous and thick.

Having this information, a woman, having spent a small amount of time, will be able to independently determine the cycle of passage of a mature egg and plan a long-awaited pregnancy, or avoid an unwanted conception.

For pregnancy, the middle of menstruation is considered the best period, but sometimes unexpected deviations from the natural schedule occur. The main one is premature ovulation. The symptoms of this period largely depend on the characteristics of the organism and the influence of external factors. Such ovulation is quite difficult to calculate, since it sometimes is temporary.

Don't worry if ovulation failure is single. If this phenomenon began to recur, then difficulties with conception may arise.

Is it possible adjust Or reset the cycle?

It should immediately be noted that it is impossible to normalize the timing of ovulation on your own. Appropriate therapy is needed, but before determining the direction of treatment, it is necessary to find the cause of this problem.

When ovulation occurs 5 days (or more) before the due date, treatment is required. Often, the phenomenon disappears if the dysfunction of the organs that caused this deviation is eliminated.

When hormonal imbalances are present, therapy is carried out using drugs that contain hormones. The area of ​​the abdomen is subjected to injections. During the treatment period, it is necessary to constantly monitor the level of hormones.

If the follicles mature prematurely, then a woman needs to follow certain preventive measures:

• Minimize the occurrence of stressful situations.
• Adjust your daily routine.
• Eliminate bad habits.
• Provide a healthy diet.
• Avoid weakening the immune system.
• It is advisable to take vitamin complexes.

Every woman has may be observed early ovulation (regardless of cycle length). The episodic nature of this phenomenon does not require drug therapy.

Is it possible conceive And how does it affect pregnancy?

Many women are concerned about the question of whether it is possible during early ovulation.

Most physicians consider that the possibility of conception during premature ovulation is relatively high.

Possibility of pregnancy about 35%.

Important! A woman must know that premature ovulation is not a pathology.

With such a phenomenon an immature egg is released from the follicle. It is not always fertilized and cannot develop further. It is difficult for her to implant in the wall of the uterus. Even if pregnancy has come, it is quickly interrupted.

Premature onset of ovulation is a sign of a violation. functioning of the ovaries. The more serious they are, the faster the egg is released from the follicle.

Can be an obstacle to pregnancy banal error in determining the date. All attempts at conception will be unsuccessful.

How increase fertilization chance?

The early release of the egg will not be able to affect conception if the spouses take into account the following factors:

• You need to have an active sex life. Spermatozoa are in an active state for up to a week, so fertilization can occur even if there was no ovulatory phase.
• Pregnancy will definitely come if there are no diseases of the genital organs and inflammation in the body.

In extreme cases, you can always resort to the help of drugs.

Early onset of the ovulatory phase considered a physiological phenomenon which can happen to any woman. To prevent the occurrence of such a situation, it is desirable to reconsider the way of life. Many factors disrupt the normal functioning of the female body, even banal stress can provoke the release of an egg from the follicle. To avoid trouble, the expectant mother must get rid of bad habits and visit the doctor regularly.

When to do an ovulation test?

They are made 5-7 days before its expected start. This is with the condition of a regular menstrual cycle, since otherwise you need to buy more tests and use them about 10 days before the rupture of the follicle, that is almost every day.

Late onset of the luteal phase it is advisable to use the device on the 13-21st day of the menstrual cycle. After receiving a positive result, the test will no longer be needed, since it has fulfilled its function.

Is it possible to correct/restore the cycle?

From a medical standpoint, it's easy to do., but it is important to understand why you need to interfere with the menstrual cycle.

If late ovulation norm variant, then there is no need to restore the cycle for the "average value", since the consequences will be unpredictable.

In cases of persistent hormonal imbalance(increase / decrease in prolactin, progesterone), serious diseases, it is necessary to correct and restore the menstrual cycle. For this, there are special drugs inhibitors or analogues of hormones that normalize the hormonal status.

For example, among gynecologists uses popular medicine"Duphaston". It stimulates the onset of the luteal phase, and is also an analogue of progesterone.

Sometimes combined oral contraceptives are used. However, if a woman has it, then it is most reasonable. After 2 months, the cycle will recover on its own.

Is it possible to conceive, how does it affect pregnancy?

late ovulation is not an obstacle for pregnancy and subsequent gestation. However, it is permissible to say so only if it refers to a variant of the norm and is just a consequence of a long menstrual cycle.

Minor hormonal imbalances of a short-term nature also do not pose a danger to conception, but in the case of serious diseases and significant endocrine disorders, pregnancy is unlikely.

For example, with elevated prolactin or insufficient amounts of progesterone, fertilization is almost impossible, indicating the need for medical attention. Each case is individual.

Who is most likely to conceive?

Untimely rupture of the follicle does not affect gender future child. Here it is impossible to calculate with accuracy and in advance, since such biological parameters depend to a greater extent on the partner. It is in a man that the Y chromosome has an X and Y program, unlike the egg.

Scientists have found some connection between the sex of the child and the woman's ovulation. For example, you need to have sexual intercourse just before ovulation, and then 2-3 days before its onset, stop sexual relations.

happens to the boy everything is exactly the opposite: it is desirable to start sexual intercourse during ovulation.

key factor here is the exact definition of the luteal phase of the cycle, which will indirectly help to influence the sex of the unborn child.

In conclusion, it must be said that late ovulation is not a standalone diagnosis., but only a symptom, which can be a variant of the norm or pathology. With a long menstrual cycle, a late rupture of the follicle is logical and natural. This does not speak in favor of a serious illness.

Ovulation is the moment when the egg is released from the follicle. It is in the tubes for no more than 2 days, after which it moves into the uterine cavity. If a spermatozoon meets on its way, fertilization occurs. Already in this form, the egg is attached to the endometrium of the uterus, pregnancy begins. Fertilization can only occur at the time of ovulation. For this reason, every woman tries to calculate this day in her cycle. While pursuing completely opposite goals. Some want to get pregnant, others want to avoid conception. When does ovulation occur after menstruation?

A healthy woman under 30 has 1-2 cycles where ovulation does not occur. It is considered normal, because this is how the reproductive system rests. After 35 years, the number of such menstrual cycles without ovulation increases to 6. Knowing the average length of cycles per year, we can only assume the approximate date of ovulation. What is needed for ovulation to take place?

At the beginning of the menstrual cycle, an egg is born, but not one, but a large number. They develop in the follicles of one of the ovaries. In a week, one of them is significantly ahead of the rest in development, becomes dominant. And after a certain time, the follicle bursts, releasing the egg. The sex hormone estrogen is responsible for this process. Its amount increases immediately from the first day of the menstrual cycle. The development of the egg takes approximately 11-15 days. When the follicle reaches its maximum size, the estrogen level decreases, the amount of progesterone increases sharply. Such a jump in hormones leads to rupture of the follicle. Progesterone is responsible for the further development of the egg.

Ovulation lasts from 12 hours to 2 days. It depends on the individual characteristics of the organism, the hormonal background of the woman. At the end of ovulation, the second part of the menstrual cycle begins. It is no longer possible to get pregnant. It is possible to determine exactly when ovulation will occur approximately and for sure. There are several calculation methods. First of all, the calendar method of calculation is taken into account, starting from the duration of each menstrual cycle.

Ovulation on a 28 day cycle

Doctors call this duration the most ideal. The beginning is the first day of the previous menstruation. The cycle ends on the first day of the next period. Under such conditions, the egg develops for 13 days. After menstruation, ovulation occurs in 1.5–2 weeks. Depending on the duration of the menstruation itself - 3-5 days. Ovulation occurs on the 14th day of the menstrual cycle. Its duration also depends on the individual characteristics of the organism. Usually this is a day. But one more day is taken in reserve. After ovulation, 12 days pass, menstruation begins.

Ovulation on a 30 day cycle

The duration of the menstrual cycle of 30 days is also considered within the normal range. Calculating the moment of ovulation is also quite simple. The duration of the luteal phase - the second is 14 days. Then 14 is subtracted from the total duration of the cycle. For example, it looks like this: 30–14 = 16. The process of egg development lasts 15 days, ovulation occurs on 16. After menstruation, ovulation occurs in 1.5–2 weeks.

Ovulation on a 26 day cycle

In a short cycle, it happens in a similar way. The luteal phase lasts 14 days. These days must be subtracted from the total duration of the menstrual cycle. 26-14 \u003d 12. The egg develops for 11 days, at 12 the egg is released from the follicle. After menstruation, ovulation occurs about a week later.

Reasons for different cycle times

Considering the fact that each organism is an individual system. The normal duration of the menstrual cycle is 28-32 days. All processes in the body of a woman occur under the influence of hormones. Various factors upset the balance. They also delay periods or cause them to arrive ahead of time.

Coordinates the production of hormones in the brain and central nervous system. They drop signals to the internal organs on the amount of required sex hormones. Produces their thyroid gland, ovaries, adrenal glands. Their work is affected by the inadequate functioning of the digestive organs, kidneys, liver. Unhealthy ecology, poor-quality nutrition, a sedentary lifestyle, a woman's weight, physical, emotional stress can upset the balance. Taking into account all these factors, the optimal duration was compiled. Even deviations in one direction or another for 2 weeks, under certain conditions, are considered the norm.

How to determine ovulation for sure

If the previous method is based on theoretical data, the following use practical data.

Method for measuring basal temperature

In the first half, the temperature indicators are kept within 36–36.6 degrees. A day or 12 hours before the onset of the ovulation process, the temperature drops by several degrees. And immediately the next day there is a significant jump in the big direction. Such a jump allows you to determine the moment of release of the egg from the follicle. In the process of increasing the amount of progesterone in the body, heat is released, which provokes an increase in basal temperature. Ovulation occurs at a temperature of about 37 degrees. After that, there may be a slight increase, decrease, or remain at the same level. How the process of egg development will proceed further depends on fertilization.

If conception has occurred, after the ovulation period, another slight temperature jump occurs - the moment of implantation. Then the temperature continues to be kept within 37. This is how pregnancy is determined.

The method is widely used in gynecological practice. Despite its simplicity, it is the most informative. In combination with the calendar, you can accurately determine when the days of the release of the egg come. Observations must be carried out within 3 months, and with an irregular cycle from 6 to 12.

Ovulation test

Similar to a pregnancy test. Urine is used as a material for analysis, in modern models - saliva. The morning portion of urine is not suitable for this purpose. To determine when ovulation occurs, it is initially necessary to calculate the length of the cycle. Using the calendar method, it is necessary to determine the moment of release of the egg. So, at 30 days it would be day 16. From about day 11, it is necessary to start the study. The analysis is carried out every day until the test shows the desired result. If more than 10 days have passed, there will be no ovulation period. Further research needs to be continued in the next cycle. In the absence of alarming symptoms, there is nothing to worry about. But if the situation persists for more than 3 months in a row, you should seek help from a doctor. Then, to determine when ovulation occurs and whether it exists at all, use a different method.

Ultrasound examination of the ovaries

The method is absolutely painless, a woman does not need to prepare specially for it. Research is done every day. First, the presence of a dominant follicle is determined. Then its development. The method allows you to see the moment when the ovulation period is about to begin, which is very helpful for couples who cannot conceive a child for a long time. If there is no rupture of the follicle, the observation is stopped. A woman needs to undergo hormone therapy, again continue trying to conceive. For the sake of preventing pregnancy, the ultrasound method is not used. In this case, the measurement of basal temperature is available.

What day can you get pregnant

A modern educated woman knows that you can get pregnant on any day of the cycle, subject to the onset of ovulation. And it can appear at the beginning of the cycle, at the end, on critical days. It's all about the hormonal background and the factors that affect the woman's body. The theoretical calculation is based on approximate data. If the cycle is irregular, its average value should be calculated. It is necessary to add up the entire duration for six months, a year. Divide by 6 or 12. For example, 26 + 28 + 30 + 25 + 32 + 35 \u003d 176, divide by 6 \u003d 29. It turns out the duration is 29. 14 must be subtracted from this number. It turns out that on the 15th day the egg is released from the follicle . But everything is approximate.

The next calculation method suggests taking days with a margin. From the shortest monthly period, a woman must be subtracted 17, from the longest - 11 days. It turns out a period of days favorable for conception. 25–17 = 8; 35-11 \u003d 24. From 8 to 24 days you can get pregnant.

Under the condition of regular menstruation in a woman, the days favorable for conception are determined much easier. This is 5 days before the ovulation period and 2 days after it. Although the egg is capable of fertilization for only 24 hours, or even less, the viability of the sperm is also taken into account. They stay active for about a week on average. That is, sexual intercourse a week before the release of the egg can cause pregnancy.

Discharge before ovulation

Ovulation occurs with certain symptoms. You should pay attention to your own feelings, the nature of the discharge. Many women feel a pulling pain in the lower abdomen, in the region of the ovaries. A little pain radiates to the back. Increases libido, mood, increases vital activity. The discharge of the ovulation period is transparent, viscous, sometimes with an admixture of blood. White thick or brown. Always more than before. You can determine the moment of release of the egg by carefully monitoring your body every day.

The ovulation process is a rather complex system. It is important for a woman to know when it comes and whether there is one at all. At some point, she has a desire to have a baby. Then there may be difficulties with this process. Regular menstruation is considered the key to women's health. If there is no ovulation, then there are significant hormonal disorders, pathologies in the reproductive system. The woman will have a long, thorough examination, if necessary, therapy. Determining the release of an egg after 35 years is much more difficult. Then you should seek help if a woman has not been able to conceive a child within 6 months. Or pregnancy comes, but constantly breaks down.

Otherwise, when ovulation occurs, the process is purely individual. To study your body, to observe the changes in each phase should be from the moment of the onset of menstruation. Then any deviation will be immediately noticed.

Pregnancy is a wonderful state. And even better - the realization that a baby is about to appear in the house. You can bring the long-awaited moment closer by finding out the exact day of ovulation.

Calculation of the day of ovulation with a cycle of 28

We will immediately consider an independent calculation, including its advantages and disadvantages.

But a girl can become pregnant a few days earlier or later, because the sperm cell lives in the woman's body for several days, and the fertilized egg lives for a day.

If the cycle is not regular, then you should not rely on calculations. In addition, ovulation is early, timely, late.

With an independent miscalculation, an excellent assistant is an ovulation test, which can be purchased at any pharmacy.

If we talk about online miscalculations, then it is simpler and better than the independent calendar method in that the program gives out such dates:

• day of ovulation;
• probable days of conception;
• "useless" days;
• for those to whom the sex of the child is important, the periods of "boy" and "girl" are emphasized.

The way to use the online calculator is very simple: you need to enter the date of the first day of menstruation, the duration of menstruation (for example, 3 days), the duration of the cycle - in our case, 28 days. Then the "calculate" button is pressed.

Everything, enough, is elementary. But this test is not suitable if the cycle is not regular or ovulation is not on time (early or late).

The doctor determines the day of ovulation by ultrasound diagnostics. This method is mainly used by those girls whose cycle is broken, that is, there are difficulties with independent and computer miscalculations.

Early ovulation on a 28 day cycle

Early maturation of the egg is explained by:

• hormonal disruptions;
• malnutrition;
• stress;
• traumatic sex;
• abuse of alcoholic, narcotic substances;
• heavy physical labor;
• change of residence;
• overwork;
• postpartum period and inflammatory processes.

Signs of early ovulation are similar to those of normal ovulation:

• pain in the lower abdomen and bloating;
• breast swelling and pain;
• change in the consistency of vaginal discharge;
• mood swings;
• increased libido.

Early ovulation is not as scary as it might seem at first glance, although it all depends on the reasons for its occurrence. By eliminating the factor, the problem is eliminated.

Late ovulation with a 28 day cycle

If the early maturation of the egg is a frequent case, then later it refers to almost single situations. Harbingers of late ovulation are more serious than in the previous version:

• infectious diseases of the genital organs;
• abortions;
• miscarriages;
• postpartum period;
• menopause;
• hormonal dysfunction.

Now it is clear that in order to treat late ovulation, it is necessary to eliminate its source.

As for the symptoms, everything is determined at the individual level - each woman is different.

Does re-ovulation occur?

Usually the formula is: 1 cycle = 1 ovulation. But there are known exceptions, to be exact:

• before menopause;
• stop taking hormonal drugs;
• increased sexual desire, which is more common in women in the absence of regular relationships.

As it has already become known, no one is immune from re-ovulation. But relying on her, even if she has come, is not recommended, since the mature egg cell most often dies during this period.

Without ovulation

Some women throw tantrums when they find out that during the entire period from menstruation to menstruation, she did not have cell maturation. It's too early to sound the alarm if anovulation (lack of ovulation) happened 2 to 3 times a year. This happens even in a healthy body.

If anovulation is more than four times a year, then this is a serious reason to see a doctor.

Anovulation is typical for: menopause, pregnancy, taking certain medications; hormonal disorders, infertility.

Be that as it may, every girl who has reached reproductive age (even if she is virgin) should visit a gynecologist at least twice a year. A preventive examination will allow you to avoid a number of problems in the future, and also at the time of the conversation with the doctor, the girl is able to find all the answers for herself. In addition, ultrasound determination of ovulation in a medical institution is the surest way.