The relevance of postural disorders in children. Extra-curricular activity "violation of posture". Development of recommendations for the improvement of children and the formation of correct posture in the context of school education

Olga Safronova
The project of physical culture and health-improving work on the prevention of violations of posture and flat feet

The project of physical culture and health work

for the prevention and prevention of violations of posture and

flat feet in older preschool children

"GO FORWARD TO HEALTH!"

Project idea: Prevention and prevention of violations of posture and flat feet in children.

Relevance: A high rate of violation of posture and flat feet in children aged 5-6 years.

According to research by specialists, 75% of adult diseases are laid down in childhood. Only 10% of children come to school completely healthy, and many fail not because of laziness, but because of poor health. Posture develops as the child grows. Violation of posture, in addition to a significant cosmetic defect, is often accompanied by disorders in the activity of internal organs: the heart, lungs, gastrointestinal tract; negatively affects the higher nervous activity: it is accompanied by a rapid onset of fatigue, and often headaches.

Flat feet is also a violation of the musculoskeletal system. With flat feet, the spring, shock-absorbing role of the foot decreases or disappears, as a result of which the internal organs become little protected from concussions. There is pain in the foot. Any violation in the development of spots negatively affects the posture of the child. The main cause of flat feet is the weakness of the musculoskeletal apparatus of the foot. Recently, the number of children with disorders of the musculoskeletal system has increased in kindergarten, and this figure is constantly increasing.

From all this it is obvious that in a kindergarten it is necessary to pay great attention to the work on the prevention of disorders of the musculoskeletal system.

Target: Creation in the kindergarten of a system of work on the prevention and prevention of violations of posture and flat feet.

Tasks:

1. Create conditions for the organization of work on the prevention and prevention of violations of posture and flat feet.

2. To indicate to parents the importance of the problem, to acquaint them with the causes of flat feet and postural disorders, methods for strengthening the muscles of the ankle joint, back, and abdomen.

3. To give children the concept of a healthy foot, beautiful posture, to introduce strengthening techniques.

4. To increase the level of development of motor skills in children, contributing to the prevention and prevention of postural disorders and flat feet.

5. Comprehensively approach the issue of prevention of postural disorders and flat feet.

preschool pupils, educators, parents, physical education instructor, orthopedist, pediatrician, nurse.

Implementation timeline: Long-term (September-May 2012-2013 academic year).

Expected Result: Strengthening the muscles of the ankle joint, back, abdomen in children; a decrease in a high rate of postural disorders and flat feet.

Stages of work:

I. Preparatory stage:

Forms of work:

1. The study of plantograms.

2. Examination of children by an orthopedic doctor.

3. Compilation of lists of children with impaired posture and flat feet.

4. Development of a long-term work plan.

5. Selection of sports equipment for work.

1. To identify the level of development of the foot in children of older preschool age.

3. Group formation.

4. Selection of exercises and preparation of abstracts of classes aimed at the prevention and prevention of flat feet and posture disorders.

5. Production of non-standard equipment.

Project participants:

Pediatrician, children 5-6 years old, educators, nurse, physical education instructor.

Deadlines: September October.

II. Main stage.

1. Gymnastics (morning, invigorating after a daytime sleep).

2. General parent meeting.

3. Homework for parents.

4. Classes in valeological education.

5. Physical culture and valeological holidays.

6. Parent's corner (visual information for parents)

7. Consultations.

8. Circle "Toptyzhka"

9. Circle "Grace"

1. Carrying out preventive exercises to strengthen the muscles of the foot, back, abdomen.

2. Causes and prevention of postural disorders and flat feet in children.

3. Production of tactile rugs.

4. Give an idea about the musculoskeletal system, the causes of posture and foot disorders.

5. Acquaintance with the concept of "healthy foot", "beautiful posture"; formation of correct posture.

6. "What shoes do preschoolers need?", "How to prevent postural disorders?"; Complexes of exercises aimed at strengthening the musculoskeletal system.

7. Prevention of flat feet and violation of posture in children.

8. Additional classes on the prevention of flat feet.

9. Additional classes for the prevention of posture disorders.

Project participants:

children 5-6 years old, educators, parents, physical education instructor, pediatrician.

Deadlines:

4. Once a month.

5. Once a quarter.

6. Throughout the year. 7. Throughout the year.

III. The final stage.

Forms of work:

1. Analysis of the plantograms of children involved in additional education circles during the school year.

2. Examination by an orthopedic doctor.

3. Pedagogical Council.

1. Identify the level of development of the foot.

2. Control over the formation of posture.

3. Analysis of the system for organizing preventive measures.

Project participants:

Orthopedist, children 5-6 years old, educators, nurse, physical education instructor.

Implementation timeline:

Risks:

1. The impossibility of 100% coverage of children by an orthopedic doctor at the beginning of the school year.

2. Irregular visits to kindergarten by children.

These facts do not contribute to the achievement of the project's goal.

Measures taken to eliminate risks:

Referral to an orthopedist of unexamined children in September-October for objective reasons.

Hardening of frequently ill children (air, pool, barefoot);

- "C" food fortification, taking multivitamins, rosehip tinctures (regularly throughout the year);

Carrying out outdoor games, morning exercises in the warm season in the fresh air;

Skiing in winter.

"Causes of violation of posture. Prevention." class hour - practicum

Purpose: prevention of posture disorders.

Issues under consideration:

1. Relevance of the problem (based on monitoring studies of school students on diseases of the musculoskeletal system).

2. Anatomical features of the musculoskeletal system. Posture.

3. Discussion about the causes of posture disorders and the secrets of preventive measures.

Characters

Journalist

Fitness instructor

Physical education teacher

Anatomy teacher

school nurse

Osteopath

Class hour progress

School nurse. Diseases of the musculoskeletal system are very common. Stooped people are not uncommon on our streets. There are also many people who are bedridden, deprived of self-care due to damage to the joints and spine. Joint diseases in children often cause disability for life.

According to the results of a medical examination conducted this year at our school, diseases of the musculoskeletal system were in second place. This prompted to conduct monitoring studies and further monitor the dynamics of the incidence.

The following are statistical data (which, for clarity, can be presented in the form of a table and a corresponding diagram), showing quantitative and percentage data for 3-5 years on the number of students with

postural disorder

scoliosis

flat feet.

Anatomy teacher. Movement is life. Everything that happens in a living organism is externally manifested in movements. Movements are carried out with the help of the motor apparatus. The human motor apparatus can be divided into a passive part (bones and their joints), which acts as a support and levers, and an active part (muscles and their auxiliary devices). Therefore, often the motor apparatus is called the musculoskeletal system. The organs of locomotion make up about ½ of the weight of the body of an adult, with the bulk falling to the musculature.

Osteopathic doctor. Posture is the habitual posture or manner in which a person holds his body. Posture can be correct and incorrect (demonstrates on the skeleton).

Correct posture is determined by the following features:

The head and torso are held straight;

The chest slightly protrudes forward, and the shoulders are laid back, the stomach is tucked up;

There is an forward bend in the lumbar region.

Posture depends on the condition of the spine, on how smoothly the muscles that support the body in an upright position work. If all the muscles are equally well developed in a person, then his posture is beautiful, correct.

With incorrect posture, the head is slightly tilted forward, the back is stooped, the chest is sunken, the stomach is protruded forward. Often there are cases when the bends of the spinal column are excessively enlarged (pathological kyphosis and lordosis) or smoothed out (flat back).

There are cases of lateral curvature of the spinal column called scoliosis.

Journalist. How to check your posture?

Physical education teacher. There is a very simple diagnostic method that we often use in practice. Go to the wall and stand close to it with your back in your usual position. If in this position you touch the wall with the back of your head, shoulder blades, buttocks and heels, then you have the correct posture. (Demonstration to students) This method is also a preventive exercise. Having fixed this position, you need to take a few steps forward, after placing a pillow on your head.

Touching the wall with only three points - the back of the head, back and heels - indicates a very weak musculature of the back, abdomen and lower back, and touching only the back and heels indicates a weak musculature of the neck, shoulder and pelvic girdle.

Osteopathic doctor. There are more accurate modern diagnostic methods using technical means to detect diseases. But there is an interesting pre-medical method that can be used right in the gym. (Demonstration).

There are three degrees of posture disorder. In case of violation of the first degree, deviations from the norm are weakly expressed and disappear in a straight stance. In case of violation of posture of the second degree, deviations from the norm are stable. They do not disappear in a straight stance, but only in a hanging position and, as a rule, are associated only with a violation of muscle tone, and therefore can be corrected. Curvature of the spine of the third degree affects the bones of the skeleton and is difficult to treat with corrective gymnastics.

Scientist. How to identify violations of posture even at home is not a secret for those present. I have a proposal to move on to a more sore problem - the causes of posture disorders acquired in the process of life. After all, posture disorders are a frequent companion of many chronic diseases in children as a manifestation of their general functional weakness, hypotonic state of the muscles and ligamentous apparatus.

Physical therapy doctor. Indeed, the first and main reason for violation of posture is the weak muscles of the body. In an upright position, the human body is supported by more than 400 muscles. And if the main muscles are poorly developed, then it is difficult to maintain good posture.

Anatomy teacher. I consider the habit of incorrect postures to be an equally important reason. Pay attention to how you sit at the table.

Points to a student who sits incorrectly at his desk. Corrects mistakes and explains how to sit correctly.

School nurse. Have you ever noticed how we carry bags, lift weights, do laundry?

Points to stands.

School nurse. I will ask the students to demonstrate how they lift the bags. Which one do you think lifted the load correctly? Now take the bags in front of you. You often have to help your parents with housework. Show how you carry buckets of water. Our ancestors, not knowing the structural features of the musculoskeletal system, acted very wisely using a rocker.

These movements should be done rationally, with the least impact on the intervertebral discs: lift the load without first tilting the body forward, but bending the legs at the knee and hip joints and maintaining a straight back; carry the load not in one hand, but evenly distributing it on both hands or putting it on your shoulder, keeping your back straight. Health workers recommend that students wear backpacks.

Physical education teacher. What about lying curled up on an overly soft bed with a high pillow? Walk with your head down, your back bent, and even shuffle your feet. If all this is repeated day after day, then your posture will become incorrect.

Osteopathic doctor. Insufficient intake of calcium and vitamin D in the body can also adversely affect the function of the entire musculoskeletal system.

And now, when almost all the main causes of posture disorders have been listed, I want to note the main thing that a person’s movements become awkward; internal organs: heart, stomach, liver, kidneys are displaced, which leads to disruption of their activity; there are pains in the joints, muscles, feet, lower back. Appears osteochondrosis. Schoolchildren with posture disorders have a very high risk of getting serious injuries (fractures of limbs, vertebral bodies) when jumping long, high, exercising on sports equipment, wrestling, football, basketball, weightlifting.

Physical therapy doctor. The basis for the prevention and treatment of posture disorders, especially the initial ones, is the general training of the body of a weakened child. It should take place against the backdrop of a well-organized therapeutic regimen, tailored to the nature of the child's disease.

Journalist. What sports and exercises do you recommend to do with posture disorders?

Physical therapy doctor. For all violations of posture, swimming is an excellent preventive measure. New types have appeared, such as aerobics, Pilates with a ball. Watch a segment of the educational film. (excerpt shown). If you change your posture (stoop, flat or round back), you can also do rhythmic gymnastics, sports games (volleyball, tennis, badminton), skiing, and hang on the gymnastic wall. Clapp's gymnastics gained great popularity abroad in the treatment of spinal curvatures and posture disorders. It is based on exercises in crawling on all fours. The method of rehabilitation of disorders of the musculoskeletal system of Valentin Dikul is known all over the world.

Fitness instructor. With stoop, weak back muscles and abdominals, I recommend doing fitness. Exercises can be dosed up to 20 times, performing 2-3 sets. But the load must be regulated gradually, in no case should jerks be made, with a slight pain, stop exercising. To prevent the muscles from hardening, it is recommended to stretch after performing strength exercises. Look at a fragment of the complex on strengthening Cindy Crawford's "muscle corset" performed by your classmates.

Performance by a group of girls with a set of exercises.

Journalist. In conclusion of the practical conference, I would like to summarize the heard material into rules that are accessible to any person.

Osteopathic doctor. Rule One

Check your posture. If you suspect a violation, consult an osteopath or surgeon.

Rule two.

Train your muscles adhering to the principle of "Do no harm!" When choosing a sport or a set of exercises, consult with experts.

Rule three.

Constantly monitor your gait, posture while sitting at the table. Lift and carry weights correctly.

Rule four.

Sleep on a hard bed.

Rule five.

Watch your diet, for sufficient intake of calcium and vitamin D.

Anatomy teacher. Today we talked about posture problems, I want our meeting not to be in vain, and you do not forget to take care of yourself and your loved ones. The largest surgeon N.I. Pirogov once said that a pound of prevention is worth a pound of cure. Be healthy and happy. And now for all of us a gift - an acrobatic combination performed by students.

Acrobatic group performance.

Krivtsova Daria

Relevance My research I see in the fact that at the present time there is a deterioration in the condition of the spine in a significant part of the younger schoolchildren. Changes in posture are found in approximately 30% of all examined.

Problem: the problem of correct posture in students is in the first place in our class. Some students have deviations in the development of the spine.

Object of study: 4th grade students of school No. 1, whose medical aspects of posture were determined.

Target: To identify the causes of posture disorders in students of our class, to find specific recommendations for maintaining and improving posture.

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MOU "Secondary school" No. 1

Gorokhovetsky district of the Vladimir region

Research work on the topic:

"Correct posture is our health"

4th grade student "B"

Krivtsova Daria.

Supervisor:

primary school teacher

Makarova Olga Nikolaevna

Gorokhovets

2011

I. Introduction.

When builders begin to erect a tall building, they first of all construct a frame. And then concrete slabs of walls, ceilings and floors are already reinforced on this frame. The whole building rests on a solid steel frame. The same strong frame is in our body. Its name is skeleton.

A straight back, straightened shoulders, expanded chest, raised head - all these are signs of good posture and, consequently, beauty, health and high performance.

Topic: Correct posture is our health.

Relevance My research I see in the fact that at the present time there is a deterioration in the condition of the spine in a significant part of the younger schoolchildren. Changes in posture are found in approximately 30% of all examined.

Problem: the problem of correct posture in students is in the first place in our class. Some students have deviations in the development of the spine.

Object of study:4th grade students of school No. 1, whose medical aspects of posture were determined.

Target: To identify the causes of posture disorders in students of our class, to find specific recommendations for maintaining and improving posture.

Research objectives.

1. Analyze the data in the medical literature on the research topic.

2. Familiarize yourself with the standards of SanPin 2.4.2 1178-02 "On the introduction of sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations."

3. Conduct observations and studies on the correct posture.

Hypothesis: if students develop persistent skills of proper seating at a desk, then curvature of the spine can be avoided.

Research methods:

Observation, collection of information from books, analysis, survey, experiment.

II. Main part.

What is posture? Posture value.

The importance of posture, especially in us - in children - is great, since during this period our skeleton is growing and forming. Incorrect habitual body positions quickly lead to deformities of the spine, chest, pelvis, lower extremities, including the feet.

So, what is posture and how does good posture differ from bad posture?

The simplest definition of posture is: “The habitual posture of a casually standing person, which he takes without undue muscle tension.”

Posture is considered in a variety of aspects:

• Posture is the orientation in space of a vertically located human body to perform simple and complex movements;
• Posture is an indicatorhealth and physical culture person;
• Posture is body language that tells how a person feels in relation to others, to his life, to himself, this is individuality;
• Posture - this is a person's calling card, which allows you to accurately recognize a friend without seeing his face.

In order to answer the question posed, I went to the library. I started my research withmedical dictionary. It says that posture is the usual position of the body when standing, walking and sitting, which is characterized by a vertical relaxed position of the spine, with a slightly protruding chest and a slightly drawn in abdomen.

I open sensibledictionary S.I. Ozhegov. I learn that posture comes from the root -san-. Related words - dignity, dignitary, pose. Posture is a system, a warehouse of a living body, and a commonality of techniques and all its movements, by posture they mean harmony, majesty, decency and beauty. Posture, take posture, cheer up, trying to give yourself a portly look.

AT Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language by V.I. Dalia: “Dignity is a high rank or rank, a noble position, honored dignity, honor.By rank and honor. What is the rank, such is the honor. Antique - camp, posture, height. The grandee has all the dignitaries. Dignified, dignified, prominent, prominent, tall and stately". IN AND. Dahl defined good posture as "a combination of slenderness, majesty, beauty" and cited a Russian folk proverb: "Without posture, a horse is a cow."

In Ushakov's dictionary , posture - appearance, manner of holding your figure.Terrible posture and magnificent attire.There are many such beautiful statements in the works of art by Russian writers.

And in Modern Explanatory Dictionary of Ephraim, posture - the way you carry yourself.

The main task of our posture is to protect the musculoskeletal system from overload and injury due to the rational alignment of body parts and muscle balance. With correct posture, any external influence will not lead to injury to the musculoskeletal system, but will only change it and maintain stability in general.

Posture is also an indicator of our mental characteristics. The influence of posture on the process of personality formation has been scientifically proven. A person with good posture is more confident in himself, he attracts the attention of others more.

bad posture - this is either the prolongation of the disease, or the state before the disease. The main danger of postural disorders is that nothing hurts until changes in the intervertebral discs (osteochondrosis) begin. Poor posture reduces the body's margin of safety: the heart beats in a cramped chest, a sunken chest and forward-turned shoulders prevent the lungs from expanding, and a protruding abdomen disrupts the normal position of the abdominal organs.

A decrease in the physiological curves of the spine (flat back), especially in combination with flat feet, leads to permanent microtrauma of the brain and increased fatigue, headaches, impaired memory and attention. Most often, poor posture is combined with poor muscle development, impaired blood supply to the brain due to incorrect head position, and poor vision. Myopia can develop from the habit of slouching - and vice versa, poor eyesight often causes poor posture.

At correct postureall parts of the body are located symmetrically with respect to the spine, there are no rotations of the pelvis and vertebrae in the horizontal plane and no bends of the spine. The shoulders are located horizontally, the shoulder blades are pressed to the back (do not protrude). The curves of the spine are moderately pronounced. The right and left halves of the body are symmetrical when viewed from the front and back.

How to determine if you have a curvature of the spine?

To determine if you have a curvature of the spine, you need to stand with your back against a flat wall so that the back of your head, shoulder blades, buttocks, shins and heels are in contact with it. Where there is a bend in the back, you need to stick your palm. If the fist passes or the palm does not pass, there is a curvature.

Major posture problems.

Very often, the reason for the formation of poor posture is the systematic incorrect wearing of a school bag (for example, on one strap instead of two). Excessive sitting in front of the TV, computer, video games also negatively affects. Many children slouch while walking and eating.

Everything has its own rules.

Year by year, school bags become heavier. The weight of a satchel with textbooks for elementary school students exceeds the permissible hygienic standards. This is due to the large variability of textbooks and teaching aids. Publishers do not always adhere to hygiene recommendations regarding the weight of publications, exceeding it.

Since 1998, sanitary rules and norms have been put into effect - “Hygienic

requirements for editions of textbooks for general and primary professional

education”, which regulate the weight of the educational publication for each age group. For students in grades 1 - 4 - 300 grams.

One of the main reasons why correct posture depends is the correspondence of tables and chairs to the height of the child. The state standard of Russia approved the sizes of student tables and chairs.

III. Posture studies.

Microstudy #1.

"Collection of data on the state of posture of 4th grade students from a medical worker"

At the first stage of my research, I turned to the results of a medical examination in order to obtain information about the state of the motor system, in particular, about the posture, of the guys in my class. I learned that 43% of students have a violation of posture.

Identification of the causes of posture disorders in schoolchildren.

Microstudy #2.

« Compliance of school furniture with SanPina standards"

The quality of school furniture significantly affects not only the performance and behavior of children in the classroom, but also the state of health. Non-compliance with hygienic to school furniture contributes to the development of abnormalities in the growing body.

The physical and mental labor of a person is always associated with a certain working posture. The right choice of it ensures success in work and delays the onset of fatigue. Chronically fatigued muscles do not hold the bones in the correct position. They lean towards the stronger antagonist muscles. This is how stoop, scoliosis and other disorders begin to develop. At first, they are easily correctable, but over time they are fixed and difficult to correct with the help of gymnastics and other types of mechanical influence.

Listening to the teacher in the lesson, the student can rely on three points (sciatic tubercles, feet, lower back), and when writing and drawing, and on the fourth - forearms.

Our class is assigned an office, so I studied furniture in it.

We have a norm for tables and chairs in various age groups:

The results of measurements of tables and chairs in the office:

Tables - length: 69cm;

Height: 62cm and 71cm.

Chairs - length: 35cm and 40cm;

Height: 38cm and 41cm.

If we compare the results obtained, it turns out that the furniture does not always fit.

Microstudy #3.

“Observation of the landing of students in the first and last lessons»

Let's find other reasons for violations. I studied the seating of my classmates during the lessons and noticed that not all the guys sit correctly. Everyone has already forgotten what a student sitting at a desk looks like, but I’ll remind you: you need to sit straight, leaning on the back of the chair and occupying it all, the feet should fully rest on the floor, the legs are bent at an angle of 90 degrees, the hands are on the table and bent at the elbows. But, not all children follow this rule, and thereby spoil their health, namely their posture, “earn” a curvature of the spine, and we already know what the consequences will be.

Conclusion : by the end of the day, 12 people are sitting incorrectly, as they like. This is an indicator that these children have poorly developed back and neck muscles, so they get tired quickly.

Microstudy #4.

« We check the weight of the portfolio for compliance with hygienic standards»

What's better? Bag, briefcase, backpack or knapsack.(Attachment 1)

Scientists in the course of the experiment equipped the straps of backpacks with special sensors and controlled children who wore luggage that weighed 10, 20 and 30% of their body weight. It turned out that the harder it was, the more pronounced the back pain became. Starting from 20%, the pressure of the satchel on the left shoulder reached 70 mm Hg. Art., and on the right - 110 mm Hg. Art. This is 2 - 3 times more than the limiting pressure, which leads to impaired blood circulation in the body! And the average weight of a school bag is usually 22% of a student's weight. In addition, the misalignment of the right shoulder also leads to posture disorders.

Let's look at the example of our class, what bags schoolchildren carry.

I found out what the students of my class wear textbooks.

Backpack – 1 person

Knapsack - 22 people

Bag - 4 people

It turns out that some students choose not for health, but for beauty. Choosing bags with an uneven distribution of mass, we run the risk of "getting" a curvature of the spine.

Conducted a raid “What is in your briefcase?

All the children actively participated in the work, weighed their portfolios, laid out the excess.

First, I measured the weight of the portfolio before the lesson. The heaviest briefcase weighs 5 kg. This is a satchel and backpack.

I measured the weight of the empty briefcase. The lightest (bag) - 400 grams. The heaviest (satchel) - 1.5 kg.

Weighed the portfolio with textbooks on schedule. The heaviest backpack - 3 kg 900g. The lightest backpack - 2 kg 200 g.

There are 15 correct satchels in our class. In 11 people in my class, the weight of the backpack corresponds to the norm, but functional changes in the spine were revealed.

Conclusion: in knapsacks and backpacks there are a lot of unnecessary things that are not intended for educational activities, heavyweight knapsacks can cause diseases of the musculoskeletal system.

Heavy backpacks are not the only cause of poor posture. There are others.

Microstudy #5.

"Checking the motor activity of children at school"

According to the schedule, 3 physical education lessons are held in our class and 11 students in our class regularly attend sports sections. In the classroom, the teacher conducts physical exercises and exercises to strengthen the muscles of the back and neck. Every day the school day begins with morning exercises.

Microstudy #6.

"Test Poll: Testing Persistent Skills in Proper Fit"

1. Do you know how to sit properly at your desk?

Yes - 26 people

No - 0 people

1. Are you sitting right at the desk?

Yes - 16 people

No - 10 people

1. Do you do exercises to form the correct posture?

Houses - 5 people

The school has 26 people

1. Do you follow the landing while watching TV, at the computer?

Yes - 10 people

No - 16 people

Conclusion: The survey showed that all students know how to sit at their desks correctly, but do not always do them.Students have not developed stable skills of correct landing.

IV. Conclusions.

My research did not support my hypothesis. In order to develop stable skills of correct posture, one must not only sit correctly at a desk at school, but also strengthen the back muscles with special exercises. Control the weight of the backpack. Remember the hygiene rules for watching TV. Pay attention to the size of the furniture at home where you do your homework.

Ways to solve the problem.

1. The basis of any posture is exercise. Exactlyexercises improve posture. A simple morning workout will be a significant contribution to the correct posture of the student.

Therefore, with the help of a physical education teacher and a class teacher, I developed:

• An approximate set of home exercises for morning exercises to stabilize the skill of correct posture in schoolchildren 7-12 years old (Appendix 2)
• Approximate sets of exercises (for each school day) to stabilize the skill of correct posture in schoolchildren 7-12 years old (Appendix 3)

2. Created a presentation to help the teacher and students to better master this complex and necessary topic: "CORRECT POSTURE IS OUR HEALTH". (App on disk)

APPLICATIONS.

Attachment 1.

Special studies regulate the weight of textbooks for one school day, complete with writing materials. For elementary school students, it should not exceed
2–2.5 kg, middle classes - no more than 3.5 kg, high school students - up to 4.5 kg. In order to determine the weight of a backpack with textbooks, in each specific case, taking into account the individual physical capabilities of the child, it is also legitimate to use the following approach: from a physiological point of view, the weight of a backpack with textbooks should not exceed 10% of the weight of its owner.

Appendix 2

Sample set of home exercises.

1 exercise. I.p .: hands on the back of the head, elbows laid back, left leg set back on the toe.

Performance. Straighten your arms up, taking them back to the limit (inhale). Return hands to sp. (exhalation). Repeat 6-16 times. Repeat the exercise with your right leg back.

2 exercise. I.p .: fasten the middle of the rubber cord or bandage to the leg or against the wall near the floor. Take the ends of the tightened cord in your hands. Legs shoulder width apart. The body is tilted forward.

Performance. Stretching the cord, straighten up, at the same time raising your arms up, and tilt the upper body to the limit back, i.e. bend over (inhale). Return to I.P. (exhalation). Repeat 8-20 times.

3 exercise. I.p .: lunge with the right foot forward, hands forward. In the hands - the ends of a slightly stretched rubber cord (bandage), fixed against the wall, door, etc.

Performance. Bend your arms, stretching the cord (inhale), straighten your arms in ip. (exhalation). Repeat 10-30 times. After a short rest, repeat 10-30 more times, standing in a lunge with your left foot forward.

4 exercise. I.p .: lie on the floor with your chest down and rest your hands on the floor under the shoulder joints.

Performance. Straighten your arms (“pull out” from the floor), lifting only the torso above the floor (inhale). Return to I.P. (exhalation). Repeat 6-20 times.

5 exercise. I.p .: lie on your back, arms along the body, palms down.

Performance. Bend your legs at the knees and pull them up to your chest. Then straighten your legs to a vertical position. Bend them and return to the sp. Breathing is free, without delay. Repeat 6-10 times.

6 exercise. I.p .: stand legs apart, hands up, fingers interlock.

Performance. Make 8-16 circular movements with the body in one direction and the same in the opposite direction. Breathing is free, without delay.

7 exercise. I.p .: stand with your right foot on a chair, arms and left leg are freely balanced.

Performance. Do 6-10 squats on the right leg, repeat the same on the left leg. Breathing is free, without delay.

Relief. While squatting on the right leg, place the left foot on the floor and vice versa.

8 exercise. I.p .: hands on the belt.

Performance. Make 20-30 jumps on socks; legs either together or apart. When the legs are apart, raise your arms to the sides, legs together - hands on the belt. Breathing is free, rhythmic.

Appendix 3

A set of exercises "Flight to the star"

Group 1 - fixing the spine in the correct position

1 exercise - "Training for flight"

I.p. Stand with your back to each other, touch the shoulder blades and heels. One - two, hands to the sides, up. Three - four, hands to the sides and down. (3-4 times).

2 exercise - "Up to the stars"

One - two, stand on your toes, stretch your arms up. Three - four, sp. (3-4 times)

3 exercise – “Engine operation”

I.p. Stand with your back to each other, stretch your arms to the sides and close your fingers in the lock. One - two, three - four, rotational movements of the hands.

Group 2 - the formation of correct posture

1 exercise – “Screen preparation”

I.p. Stand facing each other, touch palms.

One - two, circular movements to the right, three - four, to the left.

One - two - three - four, full circles, first to the right, then to the left. (3-4 times)

2 exercise - "Let's chop wood"

One - two - three - four, moving the arms back and forth. (3-4 times)

3 exercise - "Space bikes"

One - two - three - four, hand movements in a circle with resistance. (3-4 times)

4 exercise - "Ball game in the meadow"

I.p. Stand facing each other at a distance of one step. One child bounces on his toes, crouches, the other easily pushes him with his fingers, like a ball. Then the children switch roles.

5 exercise - "Dancing in the meadow"

I.p. Stand facing each other at a distance of one step. Put your hands on your neighbor's shoulders. One - two, tilts to the right, Three - four, to the left. (3-4 times)

Appendix 4

"Beautiful posture is a sign of success"

Dear Guys! Remember!

• Incorrect posture can not only cause irreparable harm to health, but also ruin a person's life.
• The wrong posture at the table or during the game especially spoils the posture.
• You need to sit in such a way as to have support for the legs, back and arms with a symmetrical position of the head, shoulder girdle, torso, arms and legs.
• You need to sit so that your back touches the back of the chair closely, the distance between the chest and the table should be 1.5 - 2 cm.
• The distance from the eyes to the table should be 30 cm.
• The book should be held in an inclined position, and the notebook should be placed at an angle of 30 degrees.
• You can not read lying on your side, carry weights in the same hand.
• Posture is broken by cycling.
• Posture can be corrected by sleeping on a hard mattress.
• To correct posture, children need to practice daily, watching themselves in the mirror.

Rules for maintaining correct posture.

• Perform exercises to strengthen the muscles of the body.
• It is correct to sit at a table, a desk, on a chair, do not stoop.
• When carrying heavy loads, you need to evenly load your hands.
• If you carry a satchel or briefcase in one hand, one shoulder will become lower than the other.
• Sleep on a hard bed with a low pillow.
• Sit with your back as straight as possible. It is important to avoid uncomfortable postures. Every 15 minutes of sitting at the table, you need to change your position, move your arms and legs, stretch, and every 30 minutes you must get up, walk or lie down.
• You should also stand and perform various work with your back as straight as possible. It is important to find sufficient support for the head, torso, arms and legs. After a long standing, it is necessary to lie down (unload the spine).
• Every day, look at yourself in the mirror, which will tell you what kind of posture you have.

Literature.

1. Dahl's explanatory dictionary. IN AND. Dahl 1863-1866.

2. Explanatory dictionary of Ushakov D.N. 1935-1940.

3. Explanatory Dictionary of Ozhegov. S.I. Ozhegov 1949-1992.

4. Petrovsky B.V. Popular Medical Encyclopedia M. 1991.

5. Korostelev B.N., Education of a healthy student, teacher's guide. Moscow: "Enlightenment", 1983

6. True about schoolbags. (Site "Health")

7. Hygienic requirements for the conditions of education in educational institutions. SanPiN 2.4.2. 1178-02.

Internet resources

• http://ru.wikipedia.org Material from Wikipedia - the free encyclopedia
• http://d http://childstvo.ru. "How to maintain the posture of a schoolboy?"
• http://www.7ya.ru "Is your posture good or bad?"
• http://www.zabela.ru "Children's posture".

1. Introduction. ________________________________________________ 1

2. The main part.

2.1. Posture and its meaning. __________________________________________ 2-3

2.2. Everything has its own rules. _________________________________ 3-4 3. Posture studies.

3.1 Microstudy #1

"Collection of data on the state of posture of students in grade 4

from a medical worker” ___________________________________________ 5

3.2 Microstudy #2. "Compliance of school furniture with SanPina standards" _________________ 5

3.3 Microstudy #3.

"Observation of the landing of students in the first and last lessons" ____ 6

3.4 Microstudy #4 “We check the weight of the portfolio for compliance with hygienic standards”

What's better? Bag, briefcase, backpack or knapsack ____________________ 6-7

3.5 Microstudy #5. "Checking the motor activity of students at school" _____________ 7

3.6 Microstudy #6. "Test survey of students" ______________________________________ 7

4. Conclusions. ___________________________________________________ eight

5. Ways to solve the problem _____________________________________ 8

6.Appendices __________________________________________________ 9-12

7. Literature. _________________________________________________ 13

At the age of 11–15 years, accelerated body growth occurs mainly due to a significant increase in the length of the lower limbs. The general center of gravity of the body moves up, there may be a disorder of statics and coordination of movements, which sometimes affects the incorrect development of the shoulder girdle, the bends of the spinal column and the manner of holding one's body. Rapidly progressing ossification processes can contribute to the consolidation of these disorders in the form of postural defects. One of the reasons for the possible appearance of posture disorders may be incorrect working postures in labor lessons.
The main tasks of teaching posture to schoolchildren are to communicate knowledge about the signs of correct and incorrect posture, hygienic conditions and measures to prevent posture disorders, as well as the formation of stable skills of correct posture. Along with the tasks of training, if necessary, the tasks of eliminating postural disorders are solved.
1.3 Prevention of posture disorders
At school age, an intensive development of the organism takes place, which sensitively reacts both to unfavorable factors for health and to favorable ones (in particular, to health-improving physical education classes).
Regular physical exercises in combination with strict observance of the daily regimen are a reliable preventive measure against injuries and many diseases (especially the cardiovascular system, musculoskeletal system, etc.), contribute to the mobilization of vital body functions, motor abilities (endurance, strength , flexibility, dexterity, speed), chanting such qualities as willpower, vigor, composure, self-confidence. In addition to physical exercises, you can actively use outdoor games. (for more details see appendices 3, 4)
Properly organized motor mode of schoolchildren not only improves their physical development, but also contributes to their academic performance at school.
Physical exercises are an effective means of preventing postural disorders: stoop, asymmetry of the shoulders and shoulder blades, as well as scoliosis (diseases of the spine caused by weakness of the back muscles and prolonged body stay in physiologically uncomfortable positions).
Weakness of the back muscles, incorrect posture contribute to the early appearance of osteochondrosis, the unfavorable position of the internal organs of the chest and abdominal cavity (with a decrease in their function). Schoolchildren with poor posture, as a rule, have weakened musculoskeletal system and muscles, inelastic ligaments, reduced depreciation abilities of the lower extremities and, most importantly, of the spine. Such children have a very high risk of getting serious injuries (fractures of limbs, vertebral bodies and other parts of the body) when jumping long, high, exercising on sports equipment, wrestling, etc.
Schoolchildren with a pronounced violation of posture are not recommended to engage in those sports that put a heavy load on the spine: weightlifting, high and long jumps, from a springboard and from a tower into the water, acrobatics, etc.
Additional loads associated with sitting in the classroom are recommended to be alternated with intense physical education; special exercises for the muscles of the back, abdominals, shoulder girdle, limbs. The duration of the exercises is 1-3 minutes.
Teachers and parents should ensure that students do not hunch over, do not lower their heads, try to keep their backs straight so that the shoulder blades do not stick out. Correct posture must be maintained while sitting at the table (while eating, doing homework), when walking and when doing physical exercises.
It is good for children with poor posture to sleep on a flat and hard bed on their back or stomach (but not on their side!). Resting during the day (especially after exercise) is useful lying down, not sitting, so as not to create additional stress on the spine. It is very useful for the correction of posture disorders health-improving swimming style breaststroke on the back.
First of all, you need to make it a habit to constantly control the position of the body.
In a standing position, you need to ensure that the back remains straight at all times. To this end, if necessary, increase the height of the writing and dining tables, change the mirror attachment points (especially in the bathroom), and pay attention to the length of the telephone cord. The load on the spine will be much less if you do not stand for a long time, leaning mainly on the right or left leg, but systematically transfer the weight of the body from one leg to the other. This will avoid overstraining the muscles of the “bent” half of the body. You can also alternately put either the right or the left foot on a small stand, the height of which is selected empirically.
Those who wear a bag over the same shoulder day after day will inevitably face a curvature of the spine. Of all types of leather goods, shoulder backpacks made of light synthetic materials are more suitable for us.
To develop a stable posture skill, the following are suitable control exercises:
1. In the main stance position, place an object on your head. Keeping the correct posture, kneel down one by one, then sit on your heels and return to the SP in reverse order. Repeat 6 times;
2. Standing, spread your arms to the sides, holding a small object in your right hand
(tennis ball, cube). Raising your right hand up, bend it at the elbow, bring your left hand down - behind your back and pass the object to your left hand. Then repeat the exercise, passing the object behind your back from your left hand to your right. Repeat 15-20 times;
3. Standing against the wall and touching it with the back of the head, back and heels, lift the bent right leg as high as possible and press it against the stomach, clasping the shin with your hands. Then straighten your leg and arms forward. Returning to i. n. repeat the exercise, raising the left leg. Repeat 25 - 30 times;
4. With an object on your head, walk on your toes, heels, lifting high
knees, lunges, zigzags, side steps, side steps with the right (left) side forward, back forward, perform dance movements;
5. Run accelerations in a straight line, along a curve, in zigzags;
6. Jump, including into the depths from elevations (of different heights);
7. Perform somersaults forward, backward, to the side;
8. Make a stand on the shoulder blades (“birch”) with open and closed eyes.
We recommend paying special attention to the feet. In addition to supporting and motor functions, they actively act as springs that absorb vertical loads when walking, running, jumping, and standing.
The spring abilities of the foot are provided by its longitudinal and transverse arches. Insufficient development of muscles, weakness of the ligaments, prolonged excessive loads on the foot lead to flat feet - a decrease in the height of the arches of the foot. At the same time, pain occurs in the foot and lower leg, rapid fatigue occurs when walking and running, and overall well-being worsens significantly.
The concept of correction includes the amount of health,
general strengthening and developing effects of specially selected
systems of physical exercises that influence the formation
musculoskeletal system, helping to eliminate functional
insufficiency and increasing the level of physical fitness. At
Correction of physical development (body build) eliminates deviations in posture, curvature of the spine in various directions (kyphosis, lordosis, scoliosis), disorders in the development of the shape of the chest (flat, narrow, asymmetric), flat feet and other shortcomings. In order to correct physical development, special corrective and general developmental physical exercises are used: exercises to strengthen the muscles of the back and front of the body (muscle corset), breathing exercises to improve breathing function, swimming, outdoor and sports games, elements of various sports.
The most effective physical exercises for posture correction in childhood, when the skeleton is not yet formed.
Of the sports that favorably affect the formation of posture, one can note gymnastics, acrobatics, and figure skating. But cycling, skating in a low stance can negatively affect posture.
For posture correction, first of all, exercises for the formation of correct posture, as well as symmetrical and asymmetric exercises with unloading of the spine, are used.
The basis for the harmonious development of the physical and even moral qualities of a person is posture, the formation of which in school lessons should always be given close attention. The lesson of physical culture must be health-improving. Good physical development and full health of the student are possible only if the correct posture is maintained. Posture is not innate. It is formed in the process of growth, development of the child, study, work and physical exercises.
Posture can change both for the worse and for the better. Changes in posture with age can occur from improvement or deterioration in the functioning of the musculoskeletal system. The central nervous system also has some influence on posture. It is enough to remember what a person looks like after suffering severe grief, severe nervous shock.
An important role in posture is the uniform development of the muscles of the body and, above all, the spinal column.
Long-term practice of working with children proves that the formation of correct posture is one of the main tasks of physical education.
Systematic and reasonable physical culture and sports are considered the best way to prevent postural disorders. Therefore, the leading role in this belongs to the teacher of physical culture, each teacher - subject in his lesson should know how to conduct physical education minutes. Especially physical education sessions are required in primary and U-U1 grades. In the role of corrective exercises can be used skiing, swimming.
Posture is brought up, first of all, in walking.
Walking is normal. Raise your head, do not slouch, look straight, take your shoulders back.
Walking on toes, hands in various positions.
Walking on your heels, the main thing is not to lower your pelvis, straighten up, bend over.
Walking step. Performing a roll from the heel, rise high on the toes, the torso is straight, understand the head higher.
Walking with a sharp step, raising the hip high. Other types of walking
At each lesson, the teacher should give 5-6 exercises for the formation of posture, such as breathing exercises, and the movements of the arms and legs should be performed in accordance with the phases of inhalation and exhalation. For example:
ü I.p. - hand stand on the belt. 1 - elbows forward - exhale, 2 - I.p. - inhale, 3 - elbows back - exhale, 4 - I.p. - breath.
ü I.p. - crouching emphasis. 1 - getting up, swing the right leg back, arms up - inhale, 2 - I.p. - exhale, 3-4 - the same with the left foot.
ü I.p. - main stand. 1 - hands up - deep breath, 2-3 - springy slope - exhale, 4- I.p. - breath.
Pupils with posture defects are engaged in special medical groups, where children with poor health also study.
Each child needs to make up his own complex, otherwise there will be no corrective effect. While exercising in the lesson, the child should be able to control his well-being, in particular, measure the pulse.
To form the correct posture, exercises with objects are also used, which increases the interest of students in classes (sandbags, paper caps). They can be performed not only on the floor, but also on a log of different heights.
It is necessary to regularly talk with students about posture, explain to them why these classes are held.
When offering students complexes, exercises to form the correct posture, it is necessary to require the daily implementation of the complexes (1.5–2 hours after eating, but not in the morning after sleep).
The teacher should be able to assess the state of posture of schoolchildren and teach this to the children themselves. You can examine the posture at a distance of up to 1 meter in the position of a conventional stand in two poses: front and profile; first the child stands facing, then back and in profile. Normal posture is characterized by moderate curvature of the spine, normal shape of the back, correct position of the head, torso, and legs.
In the face pose, you need to pay attention to the shape of the line of the shoulders, waist, shape of the chest and legs. Normally, all lines of the right and left sides of the body should be symmetrical. The following violations occur: a neck pulled into the shoulders or too stretched forward, different lines of the shoulders (diversified shoulders) or waist, bulging or flattening of one of the sides of the chest, x-shaped legs.
Examining the student from the back, pay attention to the neck-shoulder lines, the upper and lower lines of the shoulder blades, the lateral lines of the back and waist, the line of the spine. The following disorders can be detected: asymmetry of the shoulders (diversity), different position of the shoulder blades (lowering of one of them, uneven protrusion of the angles of the shoulder blades and the divergence of these angles to the outside), different waist lines, lateral curvature of the spine. The line of the spine is examined more closely. The student is asked to raise his hand. If a lateral bend is observed in this position, the line of the spine should be examined in an inclination forward with relaxed muscles. If - and at the same time the lateral bend is not smoothed out, then there is a lateral curvature - scoliosis of the II or III degree. Such children need special therapeutic exercises and constant medical supervision. However, smoothing of the lateral bends is more often noted. This indicates emerging tendencies towards scoliosis or the instability of violations caused by incorrect demeanor.
From the side, the profile lines of the body are examined: the position of the head, the front line of the abdomen, the position of the shoulders (reduction), the shoulder blades (lag), the line of the back. In the profile posture, the following disorders can be detected: a lowered or thrown back head, a protruding stomach, a flat or "chicken" chest, shoulders pulled forward, lagging or flying away (wing-shaped) shoulder blades, a stooped, round or flat back. Especially carefully you need to examine the line of the back.
The degree of posture disorders can be different: unstable functional changes that are expressed in incorrect body postures and disappear in a straight stance position; stable functional changes that do not smooth out when the body changes; fixed disorders associated with changes not only in the muscular, but also in the bone-ligamentous system of the motor apparatus. To correct these violations, long-term and systematic classes in therapeutic exercises are required. Exercises to develop a sense of correct posture.
Walking with an object on the head, maintaining the correct position of the body; the same with closed eyes. Putting your feet on the same line and holding the object on your head, perform various movements with your hands. Balance the gymnastic stick on the fingers of one hand and walk 5-10 steps; the same with turning around. Stick vertically in the palm of your hand, stand up and sit down. Throwing and catching two balls (tennis) with both hands at the same time. Throw the ball up, pick up another ball from the floor and catch the first one.
Every working day is full of movements that are associated with the movement of one's body and with the movement of various objects in space. In order for such movements to be plastic, performed without excessive tension, fussiness and do not harm the formation of correct posture, schoolchildren must be taught the correct structure of this group of movements. The basis of the structure of such movements is the relationship between the common center of gravity and the supporting area.
Determination of a rational posture and area of ​​support is achieved empirically. Motor-gifted schoolchildren are given such movements by nature, but many need special education and training.
Balance, balancing, and relaxation exercises are good tools for developing rational working postures.
You can check the posture skill in working postures when students perform the following tasks: drawing a polygon while sitting at a desk; cutting out a multifaceted figure from thick paper in a standing position; lifting, carrying and stacking stuffed balls.
Exercises to strengthen the "muscular corset":
These exercises are used to develop strength and static endurance of muscle groups that provide the function of erection (muscles of the foot, lower leg, hip flexors, extensors of the spine) and muscle groups that do not have a leading role in maintaining erection (muscles of the abdominal press, shoulder girdle, neck) . It is advisable to perform exercises to strengthen the “muscle corset” with weights: dumbbells, stuffed balls, rubber bandages.

Exercises for the muscles of the neck:
1. Head tilts forward, backward, to the sides.
2. Slow turns of the head to the sides, hands over the head of the hand
linked.
3. Slow turns of the head in a backward tilt position (bending in the thoracic part of the spine), arms to the sides.
Interlock your fingers, put them on the back of your neck, tilt your head slightly forward - take your head back with small swaying movements, overcoming the resistance of your hands.
Shoulder girdle exercises:
1. Arms forward (rounded), brushes touching each other. Take your left hand to the side, right up. Extremely bend back and look at the right hand; the same, changing the position of the hands.
2. Hands to the sides. Tilt your head back, turn your hands up, bend as far as possible in the thoracic part of the spine; the same with turning the head to the right and left (look at the hands).
Circular movements of the shoulders.
Body exercises:
1. In an emphasis, kneeling, turn the torso to the right (left), moving the right (left) hand to the side to failure.
2. Turns of the torso to the sides, kneeling, arms to the sides, to the shoulders, up, to the belt; the same, sitting naked crosswise.
3. In emphasis lying on the hips, bending the torso back
4. Lying on your hips, bend, arms up, legs back ("fish").
5. From the main stand, lean forward until your hands touch the floor and, by stepping your hands on the floor, take the lying emphasis; then also stepping back to the starting position.
6. Lying on your back, relax, bend your legs and group.
7. Lying on your back, hands behind your head, completely relax; then tighten the muscles of the whole body, arms up (the lumbar part of the body should not touch the floor).
8. Lying on the stomach, arms along the body (supinated), relax; then, slowly straining, take your legs back, arms up, head raised ("boat").
9. In an emphasis, kneeling, bending the back and alternately rearranging
hands forward until the chest touches the floor.
Posture Correction Exercises
Flat back exercises:
1. Tilts back, bending over from a kneeling position.
2. Lying on your stomach, grabbing your feet with your hands, try to pull them up to your head (“basket”); the same alternately with the right, left foot.
3. Standing on the right, grab the left by the foot and, bending it at the knee, try to pull it back up; the same with the other leg.
4. Bridge from a lying position.
5. Hanging on the gymnastic wall.
6. Mixed hangs arched.
Exercises to correct a round stooped back:
ü I.P. - hands on the back of the head, left leg behind on the toe 1-hands up - back - inhale, 2 - I.P. - exhale, 10 - 14 times. The same, putting the right foot back on the toe. With a rubber bandage, the middle of it is fixed.
ü I.P. - legs apart, tilt. 1 - stretching the arm bandage up, straighten the torso, bend over - inhale 2 - i.p. exhale, 15 - 20 times.
ü I.P. - lunge with the right foot, arms forward (in the hands of the ends of the bandage) 1-bend the arms - inhale. 2 - i.p. - exhale, 15 - 20 times.
ü I.P. - lying on your stomach, hands resting under the shoulder joints 1-straighten your arms (do not tear your pelvis off the floor) - inhale. 2 - i.p. - exhale. 15 - 15 times.
ü I.P. - lying on your back, arms along the body, palms down. 1 - bending legs, grouping. 2 - straighten your legs to a vertical position. 3 - bend. 4 - i.p. do not hold your breath. 10 - 14 times.
ü I.P. - stand legs apart, hands up in 2 locks. 1 - 4 - circular movements to the right. The same to the left. Don't hold your breath. 10 - 12 times.
ü I.P. - standing with the right foot on a chair (gymnastics bench), the left leg is free. 6 - 10 squats.
ü I.P. - hands on the belt. 1-jump legs apart, arms to the sides. 2-jump legs together, hands on the belt. 40–50 times.
Exercises to correct a convex back, reduce the size of the abdomen:
ü I.P. - gymnastic stick at the bottom horizontally. 1 - put the right foot back on the toe, stick up, bend over - inhale. 2 - i.p. - exhale, 3-4 times. The same, leaving the left leg.
ü I.P. - legs apart (on a rubber band), hands forward, take the ends of the tourniquet in your hands. 1 - bend your arms, straightening up - inhale. 2 - i.p. - exhale, 10-15 times.
ü I.P. - lying on your back, arms along the body, palms down, a load on the legs. 1 - raise your legs - exhale. 2 - i.p. - breath. Do not bend your legs, perform the exercise slowly 15-20 times.
ü I.P. - lying on your back, legs apart, arms to the sides. 1 - bending to the right, touch the lower leg with the right hand - exhale. 2 - i.p. - inhale 20 - 30 times.
ü I.P. - stand on toes, hands on the belt. Squat, hands forward - exhale. 2 - i.p. - inhale 20 - 30 times.
ü Running in place with shin overwhelm. Breathing is free.
All exercises should be performed correctly and accurately, systematically increasing the dosage.
If the student does not adhere to these rules, posture defects can turn into fixed forms, and this is much more difficult to correct.

2. Organization and results of the study
2.1 Organization of the study
The base of the study is the municipal educational institution "Rabangskaya secondary school" of the Sokolsky district. The study was conducted with primary school students. The experimental group included 21 students aged 7–9 years. All children were divided into two subgroups.
Group 1 - children with normal posture. Classes were held three times a week from 13.00 to 13.45. Purpose: prevention of posture. With children, we performed exercises to develop a stable posture skill: ORU, outdoor games, as well as exercises for individual parts of the body. After each lesson, the children were given homework to do on their own or with their parents.
Group 2 - children with deviations in posture. Classes were held three times a week from 14.00 to 14.45. Purpose: correction of postural disorders and prevention. Classes were held with children to correct posture disorders that require systematic implementation. The work took place in a group and individually. The following exercises were carried out in therapeutic gymnastics classes to correct posture disorders:
- to develop a sense of correct posture;
- for a flat back;
- for a round back;
- for a convex back.
For prevention, exercises of the 1st group were carried out.
To prove the hypothesis, we proposed sets of exercises that correct the posture of schoolchildren.
On the first phase of research work was carried out with a medical worker to study the state of posture in children of the "Rabang secondary school" according to the medical examination for the 2005, 2006, 2007 academic year.
On the second phase of the study methods were selected to detect posture disorders, one of which was developed by S.N. Popova.
On the the third stage of the study a comparative analysis was carried out before and after the pedagogical experiment.
2.2 Research methods
Working with a healthcare professional . All work was carried out in collaboration with a medical worker. In addition to the measurements, the medical records of each subject were studied.
As a result of the analysis of medical records in the "Rabang Secondary School" for 2005, 2006, 2007, the following data were obtained (table 1).
Table 1. State of posture in junior schoolchildren of the Rabang school according to medical records for 2005, 2006, 2007

In our study, we used the following methods to determine the state of the musculoskeletal system.
The easiest method is to stand with your back to the wall so that your head, shoulders, buttocks rest on the wall. Try to stick a fist between the lower back and the wall. If this is not possible, then stick your palm. Posture should be considered normal if a palm passes between the lower back and the wall, and not a fist.
Somatoscopy. The simplest and most accessible method for determining the presence or absence of posture disorders is a test card developed by S.N. Popova.
Test card for the detection of posture disorders

The results of this testing are evaluated as follows:
1) normal posture - all negative answers;
2) minor violations of posture: 0 positive answers to one or more questions in numbers 3, 5, 6, 7. Supervision in a preschool institution is necessary;
3) pronounced violation of posture - positive answers to questions 1, 2, 4, 8, 10 (one or more clearly). An orthopedic consultation is required.
Conclusion: When conducting this test to determine whether or not there were postural disorders, the following results were obtained: with normal posture - 16 children, with a slight violation - 3 children, with a pronounced violation - 2 children.

2.3 Findings of the study
As a result of the comparisons of indicators over the past three years, we see a deterioration in the state of posture every year in 2–3 schoolchildren. This is due to improper observance of the daily regimen, soft bedding, improper sleep, incorrect working posture while writing (the habit of sitting stooping), incorrect carrying of a briefcase, lack of daily morning exercises, tempering procedures, outdoor games, additional hours of health, etc. d. All these factors contribute to an increase in the number of children suffering from various disorders.

SHAPE \* MERGEFORMAT
The use of the technique for the prevention of disorders and correction of posture showed an effective and positive effect on the physical condition of the subjects. As a result of the experiment, we were convinced that physical exercises help prevent postural disorders in children of primary school age, and found confirmation in the results and conclusions of the pedagogical experiment. This once again proves the expediency of using physical exercises at a younger age.
2.4 Recommendations
As a result of our research, it is necessary to give the following recommendations for the prevention of postural disorders:
development of the correct landing at a desk or table;
replacement of a briefcase with a knapsack;
Make sure that the child does not develop the habit of sitting cross-legged, twisting one leg under him, sitting sideways to a chair, etc.;
Swimming lessons, therapeutic gymnastics;
quarterly change of seat according to the principle from the left row to the right row from the first desk to the last one);
spend hours of health (outdoors), and physical education;
Self-study at home
While waiting for transport (or in other similar situations), do the simplest exercises: bend 3-4 times, slowly inhaling and exhaling air; perform circular movements with your shoulders; several times with maximum tension, connect the blades to each other. Do not stand for a long time, and at the slightest opportunity, be sure to walk back and forth;
In a sitting position, try to maintain the lumbar bend, firmly lean your back against the back of a chair (bench). Sit straight without bending your torso or tilting your head forward (6.7). The height of the seat should not exceed the length of the lower leg, and its depth should not exceed 2/3 of the length of the thighs.
feet when working while sitting should rest on the floor;
If a standard chair (stool) does not match your height, you need to make a footrest. By adjusting the height of the table, make sure that the elbows are in the plane of the table top. For reading books and other similar activities, it is useful to make a special inclined stand;
When lifting the load, bend your legs, and do not lean forward. Never, lift weights by bending your back while on straight legs! If possible, grasp the burden with both hands at once. Having lifted the load above the support, avoid jerky movements with the rotation of the torso. Do not hold the load with outstretched arms or leaning forward;
When carrying a load, try to load the right and left hands evenly. If there is only one load, then, as often as possible, shift it from one hand to the other. It is better to carry a thing on the shoulder, and not under the arm; pressed to the stomach, and not on outstretched arms;
Girls are advised to pay attention to the weight of the carried load. For them, the maximum load carrying capacity is 9-10 kg.
Daily walk in the fresh air for 1.5–2 hours, rest during the day (up to 1 hour).
· It is necessary to release a weakened child with postural defects from any additional activities associated with prolonged sitting or an asymmetric static posture.

Conclusion
Violation of posture is one of the main pathologies of the physical development of schoolchildren. The vast majority of posture disorders in school-age children is of an acquired functional nature, and they are associated with the irrational organization of the educational process. Its intensification has recently led to the appearance of pathologies of various organs and systems in schoolchildren, as well as a decrease in overall performance and an increase in psychophysical overload.
To form the correct posture, it is necessary to create a rational environment not only in educational institutions, but also at home. Therefore, exercise therapy is of great importance in the prevention of posture disorders, which helps to strengthen the muscular corset and relieve tension. Teaching good posture skills should start in the family. To this end, it is necessary to conduct conversations with parents and children.
Educational work in physical culture is designed for two hours a week in each class, so it is impossible to form and monitor posture only in physical education lessons, this requires additional hours - hours of health.
When performing the final qualifying work, the scientific - pedagogical and methodological literature on the research problem was studied and the analysis of the work was performed. The paper defines the role of physical exercises in the prevention of posture disorders in schoolchildren. The methods of experimental work are determined.
An analysis of the violation of the posture of schoolchildren was also performed for 3 years of their schooling and conclusions were drawn. For those involved in physical education, recommendations have been developed to reduce the level of postural disorders, as well as methods for correcting scoliosis. If deviations in posture are found in the examined, it is necessary to introduce various methods in physical education lessons, as well as introduce additional hours in this subject at school.
To confirm or refute the hypothesis, a scientific study was organized. As a result of the study, the following results were obtained:
10% have pronounced deviations in violation of posture
15% have minor deviations
75% have normal posture
This work can be used for medical, pedagogical, medical-pedagogical and self-control for people involved in physical education and sports, as well as for those who have any deviations in posture and patients with scoliosis. For a month of internship it is not possible to track the presence or absence of positive results, since a longer period is needed to obtain them. This course work contains a number of recommendations for the prevention of postural disorders.
According to the results of the experiment, we were convinced that physical exercises help prevent postural disorders in children of primary school age, and found confirmation in the results and conclusions of the pedagogical experiment. This once again proves the expediency of using physical exercises at a younger age.

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"Prevention of posture disorders by means of health-improving physical culture in children 7-8 years old"

Coursework of a 4th year student
Koval A.S.___________
FULL NAME.
"Physical Culture"______
specialty (field of study)

Scientific adviser:
Art. teacher Syrovatkina I.A.___
academic degree, academic title, full name

Date of delivery "___" ______________20___.
Date of defense "___" ____________ 20___
Grade_____________________
Scientific adviser Syrovatkina I.A./__________________/

Taganrog
2011
Content
Introduction…………………………………………………………………………...3
Chapter 1. Characteristics of posture disorder…………………………………….5
1.1. The spine is the basis of health………………………………………………..5
1.2. Defects in posture………………………………………………………………… 6
Chapter 2 eleven
11
2.2. Results of the study and their discussion………………………………..15
Conclusion………………………………………………………………………….19
List of literature used……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Appendix…………………………………………………………………………24

Introduction.
The problem of human health in the context of universal values ​​is becoming increasingly important. The understanding that among the problems, the solution of which should not depend on socio-political conflicts, the central place is occupied by the problem of children's health, without the solution of which the country has no future [12], is gaining wide public resonance.
Currently, most people lead a sedentary lifestyle, which makes the human body defenseless in the development of various kinds of diseases. This is especially worrying for our children. In order for children to grow up healthy, proper physical education is necessary, as well as maintaining a healthy lifestyle.
The relevance of the work lies in the prevention and correction of postural disorders by means of health-improving and therapeutic physical culture in children from a very early age. In the process of morphological development, the period of human life from 4 to 25 years is the most responsible in the formation of correct posture. In the stage of active growth in children 4, adolescents 12-14 years old, posture defects may appear. They are caused by insufficient motor activity, weak and inharmonious development of the muscular corset, prolonged stay in uncomfortable positions in the usual positions of lying, sitting, walking, as well as acquired or congenital deficiencies of the musculoskeletal system. This is currently a very significant issue. All this determined the relevance of this work.
The purpose of the course work: to determine the ways and means of physical therapy for the prevention and correction of postural disorders in children.
The object of the course work: students 7-8 years old
The subject of the course work: the role of various exercise therapy complexes in the prevention of postural disorders.
Objectives of the course work:
? find out what posture defects can be in children;
? reveal the importance of prevention of postural disorders in preschool age;
? to study methods for the prevention and correction of postural disorders in preschool age.
In the course of the research, the works of specialists in the field under study were used: Artamonova L.L., Krasikova I.S. Lobanova Zh.A., Milyukova I., Popova S.N. and etc.

Chapter I
Characteristics of postural disorders.
1.1. The spine is the foundation of health.
The skeletal system of children is rich in cartilage tissue, so the bones of the child are soft, flexible, do not have sufficient strength, are easily distorted and acquire an irregular shape under the influence of adverse factors. These include physical exercises that do not correspond to the age-related functional characteristics of the child's body, as well as a discrepancy between the height of the child and the size of the furniture and incorrect body position.
In children, the spine is highly mobile. Incorrect functional postures (lying, sitting, standing) adversely affect its shape. Because of them, a violation of posture is formed.
Posture is the habitual position of the human body at rest and during movement. Posture depends on the degree of development of the muscular system, the angle of the pelvis, the position and shape of the spine (physiological curves).
Posture disorders occur in children at an early age: in nursery - in 2.1%; at 4 years old - in 15-17% of children; at the age of 7, every third child [4].
The posture of a child, from the position of physiological patterns, is a dynamic stereotype and at an early age is unstable, easily changing under the influence of positive or negative factors. The heterochrony of the development of the bone, ligamentous, articular apparatus and muscular system at this age is the basis for the instability of posture. The unevenness of development decreases as the rate of growth of the musculoskeletal system decreases and stabilizes by the end of human growth [13].
Correct posture is characterized by: the vertical position of the head and spinous processes; horizontal level of shoulder girdle; symmetrical arrangement of the angles of the shoulder blades, mammary glands in girls and areola in boys; flat stomach, retracted in relation to the chest; moderately pronounced physiological curves of the spine; equal, symmetrical and well-defined waist triangles; symmetrical gluteal folds; the same length of the lower limbs and the correct setting of the feet (the legs are extended at the knee and hip joints; the axis of the body passes through
ear, shoulder, hip and midfoot).
In different age periods, the posture of the child has its own characteristics. So, for the posture of preschoolers, the most characteristic are the smooth transition of the line of the chest to the line of the abdomen, which protrudes by 1–2 cm, as well as weakly expressed physiological curves of the spine. The posture of schoolchildren is characterized by moderately pronounced physiological curves of the spine with a slight tilt of the head forward. The angle of inclination of the pelvis in girls is greater than in boys: in boys - 28°, in girls - 31?[16] . The most stable posture is observed in children by 10-12 years. Violation of posture is not a disease - it is a change in the functional state of the musculoskeletal and musculoskeletal systems, which (with timely started health measures) does not progress and is a reversible process [1; ten ].
At the same time, a violation of posture gradually leads to a decrease in the mobility of the chest, diaphragm, and to a deterioration in the spring function of the spine. This, in turn, negatively affects the activity of the main body systems: central nervous, cardiovascular and respiratory; accompanies the emergence of many chronic diseases due to the manifestation of general functional weakness and imbalance in the state of the muscles and ligamentous apparatus of the child.

1.2. Posture defects
Weakness of the muscular corset, incorrect postures that the child takes in a sitting position, standing, lying down, while walking, while playing, in a dream. Congenital anomalies in the development of the ribs, chest, vertebrae, lower extremities cause a violation of posture, which leads to a decrease in the mobility of the chest, diaphragm, deterioration of the spring function of the spine, which, in turn, negatively affects the activity of the central nervous system, cardiovascular and respiratory systems becomes a companion of many chronic diseases due to the manifestation of general functional weakness, hypotonic state of the muscles and ligamentous apparatus of the child [8; fifteen ].
The volume of muscle fibers noticeably increases by the age of 5, while muscle strength also increases, but these changes are not equivalent in different muscle groups. Deep spinal muscles are also weak at the age of 6-7, which does not contribute to strengthening the spinal column. The abdominal muscles are also poorly developed. Therefore, preschoolers have functional (unstable) posture disorders. They begin to manifest themselves in young children: at toddler age they occur in 2.1%, at 4 years old - in 15-17%, at 7 years old - in every third child [3; 6].
Diseases such as rickets, malnutrition, excessive deposition of fat, as well as malnutrition, in which the ratio of the main ingredients of food - salts, vitamins, microelements, are not maintained, can also lead to a violation of posture.
It should be remembered: it is always more difficult to treat than to prevent the development of the pathological process.
Violation of posture in a child most often develops due to weakness of the muscular corset and prolonged stay in incorrect, vicious postures that the child takes in a sitting position, standing, lying down, while walking, during games, and during various activities.
There are three degrees of posture disorder:
I degree - characterized by slight changes in posture, which are eliminated by purposeful concentration of the child's attention.
II degree - characterized by an increase in the number of symptoms of posture disorders, which are eliminated when the spine is unloaded in a horizontal position or when suspended (by the armpits).
III degree - characterized by serious posture disorders that are not eliminated with the unloading position of the spine.
For children of preschool age, the most characteristic are I - II degrees of posture disorder; for schoolchildren - II-III degree.
Currently, there are seven types of posture disorders in the sagittal and frontal planes [13].

In the sagittal plane, there are 5 types of posture disorders caused by an increase (3 types) or a decrease (2 types) of physiological bends.
With an increase in physiological curves, stoop, round back and round-concave back are distinguished [5; 6; 12 ].
Stooping is characterized by an increase in thoracic kyphosis with a simultaneous decrease or smoothing of the lumbar lordosis. Head tilted forward; the shoulders are brought forward, the shoulder blades protrude; buttocks are flattened.
The round back, or kyphotic posture, is characterized by an increase in thoracic kyphosis, with an almost complete absence of lumbar lordosis. Hence the more capacious name - "total" kyphosis. Head tilted forward; the shoulders are lowered and adducted, the shoulder blades are pterygoid, the legs are bent at the knees. Retraction of the chest and flattening of the buttocks are noted; the muscles of the body are weakened. Adopting a correct posture is possible only for a short time.
The round-concave back, or kypholordotic posture, is characterized by an increase in all the curves of the spine. The angle of the pelvis is more than normal; head and upper shoulder girdle tilted forward; the abdomen protrudes and hangs down. Due to the underdevelopment of the abdominal muscles, prolapse of the internal organs (visceroptosis) can be observed. The legs are maximally extended at the knee joints - often with overextension (recurvation). The muscles of the back of the thigh and the gluteal muscles are stretched and emaciated.
Against the background of cosmetic defects in these types of posture disorders, the excursion of the chest and diaphragm decreases, the vital capacity of the lungs and the physiological reserves of the respiratory and circulatory systems decrease. Rotational movements, lateral flexion and extension of the spine are sharply limited.
With a decrease in physiological bends, a flat and flat-concave back are distinguished.
A flat back is characterized by a smoothing of all physiological curves (to a greater extent - thoracic kyphosis). The chest is displaced anteriorly; "winged blades" appear. The tilt of the pelvis is reduced; the lower abdomen protrudes forward. Reduced tone of the muscles of the body.
The flat concave back is characterized by a decrease in thoracic kyphosis with normal or slightly increased lumbar lordosis. It is observed with a combined change in physiological curves. The chest is narrow. The abdominal muscles are weakened, the angle of the pelvis is increased, while the buttocks lag behind; belly hangs down.
Cosmetic defects of the musculoskeletal system in these types of posture disorders are less pronounced: the spring function of the spine worsens, which, in turn, causes constant microtraumatism of the brain during movement. Fatigue and headaches are noted. With a decrease in the cervical and lumbar lordosis, the torso tilts forward and backward (to a lesser extent), as well as lateral tilts, are limited.
In the frontal plane, two types of posture disorders are distinguished.
Asymmetric, or scoliotic posture is characterized by a violation of the median location of body parts and deviation of the spinous processes from the vertical axis. Head tilted to the right or left; shoulder girdle and angles of the shoulder blades are located at different heights; there is an inequality of waist triangles, asymmetry of muscle tone. Decreased overall and strength muscle endurance. Unlike scoliosis, torsion of the vertebrae does not occur, and when the spine is unloaded, all types of asymmetry are eliminated.
Sluggish posture is characterized by general weakness of the musculoskeletal system, the inability to keep the body in the correct position for a long time, and frequent changes in body position in space.

Chapter II.
Organization and methods of conducting classes in violation of posture with children 7-8 years old
2.1. Research methods.
To solve the problems posed in the work, the following research methods were used:
1. Analysis and generalization of scientific and methodological literature;
2. Anthropometry and somatometry;
3. Pedagogical experiment;
4. Pedagogical observations;
5. Mathematical processing of results.
6. Organization of the study.
1. Analysis and synthesis of scientific and methodological literature
Work was carried out on the choice of methodological literature, and its analysis was carried out in order to identify. The review of scientific and methodological literature describes the anatomical and physiological features of the musculoskeletal system in children 7-8 years old.
Pedagogical observations included the following:
2. Anthropometry:
? standing height (measurement accuracy - 0.5 cm);
? weight (measurement accuracy - 0.5 kg);
? chest circumference (measurement accuracy - 0.5 s);
Somatometry:
External examination (somatometry) makes it possible to assess the physique, the state of the musculoskeletal system (the shape of the chest, legs, arms, feet), posture. For external examination of children, we used a test card (Appendix 1).
The survey was carried out in the following order:
View in front. Position - arms along the body. The shape of the legs, the position of the head, neck, symmetry of the shoulders, the equality of triangles of the waist are determined (the triangle of the waist is a triangular gap between the inner surface of the arms and the body, with the apex of the triangle at waist level, normally the triangles should be the same in shape and equal in size) .
Side view. Position - arms along the body. The shape of the chest, abdomen, protrusion of the shoulder blades, the shape of the back are determined.
View from the back. Position - arms along the body. The symmetry of the angles of the shoulder blades, the shape of the spine, the shape of the legs, the axis of the heels (valgus, varus, normal) are determined.
At the end of the examination, the child is asked to take several steps to identify possible gait disturbances.
During the examination, a test card is filled out, according to which an assessment of the identified postural disorders is given:
? normal score - negative answers to all questions
? some deviations requiring the supervision of a school-preschool pediatrician - positive answers to one or more questions from numbers 3 to 7 inclusive
? significant violation of posture - positive answers to 1, 2, 8, 9, 10 questions (one or more). Children in this group are subject to mandatory referral to an orthopedist.
3. Pedagogical experiment:
? The test "Raising straight legs from the initial position" lying on the back "is designed to measure the strength and strength endurance of the muscles of the lower extremities. I.p. lying on your back, arms along the body, legs straight together. Raise your legs up over an angle of 60 0, return to I.P. Within 10 seconds, the maximum number of repetitions of the exercise should be performed. Score: number of times [7].
? Squat test. The test is designed to measure the speed-strength endurance of the muscles of the lower extremities. I.p. - stand legs apart, arms along the body. Squat, knee flexion angle 90 0, arms forward, return to I.p. Within 10 seconds, you must perform the maximum number of repetitions of the exercise. Rating: number of times [ 14 ]
? The test "Shuttle run 10 m x 3 times" is designed to assess speed abilities, performed in the form of a jerk at maximum speed from a high start with turns on the limit lines. Instructions for the subjects: "Stand behind the boundary line, with one foot located at the very line, the second - behind in a position convenient for each subject. After the signal, run as quickly as possible to the opposite boundary line, cross it, turn around and run to the start line. When you reach it, step in the same way and after the turn, continue running in the opposite direction.Thus, you must perform three round trips.The test will be performed once, so from the very beginning, tune in to perform it at maximum speed and do not slow it down on turns Evaluation: measurement accuracy - 0.1 sec [ 19 ]/
? Test "Walking in a straight line with closed eyes." The test is designed to determine agility and coordination abilities. A 30 cm wide track is marked, which is limited by the side lines. The subject is asked to walk along the path with his eyes closed without stepping on the boundary lines (for example, 3 m.5 cm) [8].
? The 120m Run test is designed to measure strength endurance. We need an assistant. It is carried out from a high start. The test is carried out on the site (on the street), a distance marking of 120 m is made (around the building). Children are invited to the command "March!" overcome the distance from the flag to the flag without stopping, while it is allowed to combine running and walking at a pace convenient for the child. Rating: measurement accuracy 0.1 sec. .
4. Pedagogical observations.
An important element of the study is pedagogical observation. It allows you to determine the following facts affecting the development of posture:
? mode of motor activity at school;
? psychological atmosphere in the classroom;
? individual characteristics of children's behavior that affect posture
5. Organization of the study.
We conducted the study on the basis of a high school from September to November 2011. 40 people took part in it: the main and experimental groups included 10 boys and 10 girls each. The study was conducted in 3 stages.
At the first stage, the choice of the topic was made, the analysis of scientific and methodological literature was carried out, the purpose and objectives of the study were formulated, a test card was carried out to identify posture disorders in children, research methods were selected and tested.
At the second stage, preliminary studies were carried out, a method of physical culture and health-improving classes was developed for the experimental group of 7-8 years old on the basis of corrective exercises, and the main group was engaged in the school curriculum.
In order to prevent and correct deviations in the formation of posture in children 7-8 years old, at the physical education lesson, we conducted not only tests, but also outdoor games and exercises to strengthen the muscles of the back and the press, develop and feel the correct posture (Appendix 3).
At the third stage, we processed and analyzed the results, a term paper was written.
6. Mathematical processing of results.
Mathematical processing and analysis of the results were carried out in accordance with the recommendations developed by Nachinskaya S.V. [ 12 ].
It was calculated:

Where x is an indicator of the average level; xi – row variant; nі is the frequency of the series; n is the volume of the population; ? - sum sign.

where?? - dispersal index

Where? - the coefficient of variation.
Using this formula, we find the value of the coefficient of variation, which determines what percentage of the arithmetic mean is the dispersion indicator?.
2.2. Research results and discussion
At the first stage of the pedagogical experiment, we conducted a test card (Table 2), which showed us that in the main group: boys -49%, and girls -36%; in the experimental group: boys - 57%, girls - 36% have posture disorders.
table 2
The result of the test card in children 7-8 years old.