A child has snot without fever than to treat. How to treat transparent snot in a child. Stages of development of the common cold

Runny nose in babies infancy occurs quite often and the manifestations deliver a lot to the child discomfort. Treatment of rhinitis must be selected, focusing primarily on the cause of the violation.

Causes of a runny nose in infants

Snot in infants without fever appears much more often than rhinitis with a febrile syndrome. There are many reasons for nasal congestion in infancy, and the negative impact of some of them on the nasopharynx can be minimized.

The most common causes of a runny nose in infants:

Causes of runny nose

The provoking factors of a runny nose in infants include the features of the microclimate in the living room. Snot can disturb the baby if he is constantly in a dry room with stale air. The condition of the nasal mucosa is adversely affected by dust and the absence of periodic wet cleaning.

It is easiest to cure rhinitis in a child if the main cause of its development is known. In the survey and specific treatment the baby needs if the symptoms indicate an allergic etiology for the development of nasal congestion and mucus formation.

Runny nose, flowing with fever, cough and a noticeable deterioration in the well-being of the baby, an indication for going to the doctor.

How to treat snot in infants primarily depends on the cause of the pathology. In most cases, there is no need to resort to medications; home remedies will help to remove all the symptoms of rhinitis.

What you need to know about the treatment of rhinitis in infants

It is not worth referring to a runny nose as a change in well-being that goes away on its own. When a baby has a stuffy nose, other problems appear. First of all, this is a violation of breathing, because of which the child sleeps poorly and eats little, is naughty.

In the treatment of rhinitis in children of the first years of life, many doctors give paramount importance to the creation of a favorable environment in the apartment. This means that the air in the room must be humidified, clean and fresh, for this you need:

• increase the level of humidity in the room;
• carry out wet cleaning at least twice a day;
• constantly ventilate the apartment.

Infants with any kind of rhinitis should be offered to drink as much as possible. Water helps to moisturize the mucous membranes and quickly removes toxins from the body.

If the air in the room is too dry, it is advisable to moisten the nasal passages up to several times a day with special saline solutions, this reduces the likelihood of rhinitis.

Features of the treatment of physiological rhinitis in infants

The physiological appearance of the common cold does not need to be eliminated. So that the resulting mucus does not interfere with the crumbs to eat and sleep, you must first humidify the air in the room.

With the formation of thick, difficult-to-separate mucus, it is necessary to use means that allow softening a dense secret and facilitating its removal from the nasal passages:

Salt solution for cleaning the nasal passages is prepared from a glass warm water and a quarter teaspoon of salt. To clean the baby's nose, you need to drip one or two drops of one of the above funds into each nasal passage and wait two to three minutes. During this time thick white slime dissolves and can be easily removed with a cotton swab. You can also suck out the mucus from the spout with a small syringe with a rubber tip or a special aspirator.

Ways to treat infectious rhinitis

Treatment viral rhinitis It is advisable to start immediately after its appearance. In this case, the snot passes quickly enough. In addition to creating a favorable environment, you need to use nasal drops, they are selected depending on the manifestations of rhinitis. Preparations for the common cold are divided into several types:

You can not use all the medicines listed in the list at the same time. Typically, pediatricians prescribe moisturizing drops in combination with antiseptics and vasoconstrictors.

Antibacterial drops are used only if bacterial origin coryza is confirmed after mucus bakposev.

The use of vasoconstrictor drops

Drops with vasoconstrictor components reduce swelling of the mucous membranes of the nose, remove congestion and facilitate breathing. Their use is justified at the stage of education a large number clear slime. When treating a runny nose in infants, you can use:

They are used only up to three times a day during the first five days of the disease, prolonged instillation leads to addiction.

The use of drops with antiviral components is justified in the first three days of infectious rhinitis. Instillation of drops prevents further reproduction of viruses, which helps to reduce symptoms and speed up recovery. In the treatment of infants, you can use:

These drugs enhance local immunity and overall body resistance, so they are used as prophylactic from a runny nose in the season of colds.

Antiseptic nose drops

Drops with antiseptic components are endowed with anti-inflammatory properties. They are recommended to be used when thick yellowish or green discharge flows from the nose. Infants are prescribed:

• Pinosol;
• Protargol;
• Miramistin.

Pinosol - oil solution on the plant-based. Drops soften the mucous membrane, help soften dried crusts and destroy pathogenic microorganisms. To drip into the nose of Pinosol, infants need 2-3 times a day, one drop each.

Protargol- a preparation containing silver ions, which have an antiseptic effect. You can buy them only in those pharmacies where medicines are prepared to order. An analogue of Protargol drops Sialor, when eliminating a runny nose in infants, a 0.5% drug is used.

Inexpensive antiseptic drug Miramistin destroys the membranes of bacteria, viruses and other pathogenic agents of rhinitis. Drops are instilled at any stage of the disease, 1-2 in each nasal passage three times a day.

Folk ways from the common cold

With the development of easily flowing rhinitis in infants without fever and a pronounced deterioration in general well-being, one can resort to the help of traditional medicine. Children under one year old for the treatment of the common cold are used:

• camomile tea;
• aloe juice;
• beetroot juice.

Chamomile infusion is prepared from a spoonful of raw materials and a glass of boiling water. You can bury already cooled and filtered infusion, the dosage is two drops up to 4 times a day.

Aloe juice must be diluted with boiled water before instillation. For babies, the ratio of aloe and water is 1: 3. The resulting solution is instilled 2 drops up to 5 times a day.

Fresh beet juice is also used in dilution with water. Proportions 1:2. For babies, the procedure is carried out 4 times a day.

A runny nose in children of the first years of life is an unpleasant phenomenon, but with proper care of the baby it is not dangerous. A doctor's consultation is necessary if parents doubt the cause of rhinitis or the baby's well-being suffers greatly.

Runny nose is one of the unpleasant symptoms that occur in adults and children. With it, an uncomfortable state is felt, while there may be additional symptoms. Often a child has a runny nose without fever. What this may be due to, as well as how to be treated, is described in the article.

Why does it occur?

What are the causes of a runny nose without fever in a child? This usually occurs due to:

• viral infection;
• low immunity;
• the onset of sinusitis;
• long stay in a cold room or on the street in winter;
• nose injury;
• the presence of adenoids;
• allergies.

There may be not only a runny nose, but also a cough without fever in a child with a runny nose. In any case, this causes discomfort, so assistance is required.

Diagnostics

To identify the cause of a runny nose without fever in a child, a doctor performs a personal examination. The specialist asks about complaints, and, if necessary, sends an otolaryngologist for analysis and consultation. Sometimes the following tests are required:

• general analysis blood and urine;
• blood biochemistry;
• sowing from the nose;
• serological studies;
• enzyme immunoassay;
• X-ray of the nasal sinuses in 2 projections;
• allergy test.

When the causes of a runny nose without fever in a child are established, the doctor may prescribe treatment. In each case, his method may be different. The main thing is that therapy should be aimed at eliminating the cause of the disease.

Effects

If not timely treatment complications are likely. This usually happens when parents do not see the danger of a runny nose without a temperature in a child. The consequences include:

• laryngitis;
• sinusitis;
• tonsillitis;
• nasopharyngitis;
• pharyngitis;
• bronchitis;
• tracheitis.

The development of various ailments requires drug treatment prescribed by the doctor. Self-treatment measures can lead to a worsening of the situation. Negative consequences also occur when a child coughs without fever with a runny nose.

Care

To cure severe runny nose in a child without fever, it is necessary to ensure compliance simple rules:

1. Plentiful drinking is necessary.
2. It is important to follow strict bed rest.
3. You need to eat light food.
4. The child should be in the crib in the correct position at an angle of 45 degrees. This minimizes the accumulation of mucus in the sinuses.
5. In the children's room should be fresh air, high humidity. This is necessary to protect the nasal mucosa from drying out.

First aid

How to help with a runny nose in a child without a high fever? First aid is as follows:

1. The nasal passages should be cleared of mucus. The child must blow his nose.
2. If he cannot do this, a douche or an aspirator is used.
3. After removing easily accessible mucus, one must proceed to the substance accumulated on back wall nose. For this purpose, saline or sea salt solution is used. The remedy should be dripped into each nasal passage 2 times a day.
4. Requires humidification of the air where the child is.
5. Plentiful drinking is necessary.
6. Need bed rest, exclusion of contact with people.
7. It is important that the food is light. It should not include fried and fatty foods.

Treatment

How to treat a runny nose without fever in a child? Rhinitis is considered a consequence of some process, so therapy is directed to the cause of the condition, and then to the consequences in the form of a runny nose:

1. The doctor prescribes antiviral or antibacterial agents, it all depends on the etiology of the common cold.
2. For local therapy, drugs are used that reduce mucus secretion, improve the condition of the nose to facilitate the child's breathing.
3. Vasoconstrictor drops are effective, especially helping with a viral infection. You should not exceed the period of taking the remedy, otherwise addiction appears. Appointed "Nazivin", "Sanorin", "Otrivin baby".
4. Antihistamines are used to reduce swelling. They also help with allergic rhinitis. Diazolin, Loratadin, Suprastin are often prescribed.
5. oxidizers are used. Medicines help with infection. With silver ions, the removal of microorganisms from the nasal passages is accelerated. Popular is the tool "Protargol".
6. Local antibiotics are also used. They help in healing bacterial rhinitis.
7. Treatment of cough, runny nose without fever in a child can be performed using physiotherapy. Helps quartz, UHF. laser therapy recognized as one of the most successful.

Do not ignore the appearance of a runny nose. It should be borne in mind that the condition is aggravated by other symptoms. Likely to appear:

• cough
• conjunctivitis;
• profuse lacrimation;
• photophobia;
• rash.

With these symptoms, therapy is complex. It aims to get rid of all symptoms.

ethnoscience

With a runny nose without fever, a child 1 year old and older can be helped by folk remedies, which are also effective. But it is important to be careful and not self-medicate. It is important that the etiology of rhinitis is established by the doctor. Only on the advice of a doctor can traditional medicine be used:

1. For washing, a decoction of chamomile is used.
2. Warm herbal teas help. For their preparation, fish, raspberry leaves, honey are used.
3. Inhalations over potatoes are effective.
4. Warm foot baths with tangerine or orange oil.

Drops and sprays

Many types of drops and sprays for the common cold are now on sale, even for children under one year old. With the use of drops, it must be borne in mind that they have only a symptomatic effect. This means that with them the feeling of congestion and rhinorrhea is eliminated, but the cause of the common cold is not eliminated. The best include the following drops and sprays:

1. "Brizolin". They have a vasoconstrictor effect, so they can get rid of edema. 2-3 drops in each nasal passage 3 times a day for 5 days.
2. "Vibrocil". Help with swelling and allergies.
3. "Otrivin baby". Except vasoconstrictor effect have a cooling effect due to the presence of menthol in the composition.
4. Aqua Maris. The nasal cavity is cleared of accumulated mucus by thinning it. Due to the hydration of the mucosa, it is provided nasal breathing.
5. Aqualor baby. Drops wash the nose of mucus, bacteria and viruses.
6. "Nazol baby". The tool has a decongestant effect, relieving the feeling of nasal congestion.

During treatment chronic rhinitis it is important to increase the body's defenses. For this, immunomodulators are used, for example, Imunofan or Immunal. It also requires breathing exercises, massage of bioactive points, spa treatment.

Inhalations

These are therapeutic procedures in which medicine is inhaled. Inhalation treatment ensures the flow of the drug to the organs of the respiratory system, which fall ill with a cold. Therefore, inhalations are considered effective method therapy. With their correct and timely implementation, it will be possible to recover without the use of systemic antibiotics.

Procedures are performed with nebulizers or steam inhalers. Also use household appliances - pots or kettles. Regardless of how inhalation is performed during therapy, inhalation is performed through the nose and exhalation through the mouth. The choice of means, the duration of the procedure, contraindications and other nuances depend on the type of device used.

Nebulizers are often used in treatment. These are devices in which medicine is broken down into drops and turned into a mist that the child inhales through the nose through a tube. The temperature of the agent does not increase, since the transformation is carried out under the action of ultrasound, a membrane or a compressor. Perform inhalation with such equipment can be at different and at any age. The main thing is to follow the rules:

• procedures are performed 2-4 times a day;
• session duration - 5-8 minutes;
• before the session, rinse your nose and mouth;
• after the procedure, you can not eat and drink for 1-2 hours;
• the medicine is influenced into a special chamber with a pipette or syringe;
• the solutions used should be at room temperature;
• before and after the session, parts in contact with the medicine or noses must be disinfected.

Due to the nature of the device, not all remedies used in the common cold can be used. Forbidden herbal decoctions, essential oils and various suspensions, even with small particles. In nebulizers, where there is an ultrasound that turns the medicine into a mist, antibiotics are not used.

Inhalation with antibiotics is performed only by compressor or membrane nebulizers. For children, antiseptics ("Miramistin", "Furacilin"), general strengthening medicines ("Tonsilgon", "Rotokan"), anti-inflammatory drugs ("Budesonide") can be used. Soften and moisturize tissues with a runny nose by inhaling with mineral water and saline.

Nasal lavage

Procedures are performed to cleanse the sinuses of mucus and normalize the respiratory process. This procedure with regular and correct execution reduces burning and dryness in the nasal cavity, as it moisturizes the mucous membrane. Washing agents heal damaged, inflamed tissues. With antibacterial solutions, the mucous membrane is disinfected, protecting it from infection.

There are 2 ways to wash the nose. The first one is used for initial stages disease when there are no symptoms of the disease from other organs. To perform a flush, the child should dial in right palm solution, pinch one nostril with the fingers of the left hand. Then you need to tilt your head down and draw in the liquid with your free nostril. Then the solution is spit out and the procedure is performed from the second nostril.

The second method is used when the disease progresses. This method can be used in the treatment of young children, since the main actions are performed by adults. The procedure is carried out as follows:

1. The head must be lowered, and in the meantime, the parent must inject the solution into the nose with a special device. This can be done with a medical syringe, a small syringe, or a flush kit.
2. The solution is injected without strong pressure into the right nostril. The mouth should be open and the tongue should be protruding. Adults need to monitor the process, as the child may choke on the liquid.
3. The procedure is performed until the liquid entering the nose is in the mouth. Then the solution is spat out and you can blow your nose.
4. Then the manipulation is carried out for the second nostril.

Thermal compresses

These procedures improve blood circulation in the tissues, due to which the restoration of structures that are painful from inflammation is activated. Heat compresses also relieve pain. They must be performed on the basis of simple rules:

1. Procedures are not carried out at a temperature of 36.6 degrees. You can not do a compress if a runny nose manifests itself with purulent sore throat.
2. The application is applied to the bridge of the nose and maxillary sinuses. Even compresses warm the feet.
3. It is undesirable for children under 2 years of age to perform compresses.

It is useful to perform a potato compress. To do this, boil a few potatoes, and then mash. It adds 2 tbsp. l. vegetable oil and 2-3 drops of iodine.

Prevention

To prevent a runny nose, simple preventive measures allow:

1. It is important not to overcool.
2. It is necessary to strengthen the immune system.
3. During outbreaks of acute viral infections, you need to be less in crowded places, and also use protective equipment.
4. Now there are vaccines that protect against the common cold.
5. Do not allow exposure to the allergen, if any. Allergies can manifest themselves to plant pollen, animal hair, insects.

Can I bathe a child with a cold without fever? This procedure is not prohibited. The causes of a runny nose are different, but this is not always a sign of pathology. With the development of rhinitis, the child should be taken to the doctor to check the cause of the condition and the need for treatment.

Runny nose is rarely an independent pathology. It is usually a symptom of a viral or bacterial infection. At first glance, this is a very harmless disease, which is not entirely true. A runny nose has many consequences for the body, including chronic rhinitis, sinusitis, and otitis media ( inflammation of the middle ear). In turn, these complications are dangerous because they occur most often in children of the first year of life. The reason for this is the features anatomical structure nasal passages and auditory tube.

Anatomy and function of the nasal cavity

Anatomy of the nasal cavity

The nasal mucosa consists of a special ciliated ( or ciliated) epithelium. It is called so because it consists of numerous cilia densely located on the mucosa. Moreover, there are microvilli on the apical surface of the cilia themselves. They, in turn, branch and elongate, increasing the area of ​​the mucosa several times. So, on average, ciliated cells have 200 - 300 cilia, the length of which is 7 microns. Moving, microvilli promote the movement of mucus from the nasal cavity into the oropharynx, and out of the bronchi. Thus, they perform the function of drainage of the respiratory system. It should be noted that the volume of nasal mucus per day can vary from 200 milliliters to one liter. Together with mucus, dust particles, allergens and pathogenic microorganisms come out of the respiratory tract. The functionality of the mucous membrane is most optimal at a temperature of 28 - 33 degrees and a pH of 5.5 - 6.5. The slightest deviation from these parameters leads to a change in its composition. So, loss of moisture, temperature drop to 7 - 10 degrees, increase in pH over 6.5 and other fluctuations cause the cilia to stop fluctuating. At the same time, the composition of the mucosa changes, and the level of its protection decreases.

The mucous membrane of the nose is abundantly supplied with nerve endings that are associated with various organs and systems. That is why the child's body reacts negatively to even the most minor violations of the physiological functions of the nose. Even with the slightest runny nose, children become capricious, irritable, and begin to sleep poorly. The main factor contributing to the development of a runny nose is hypothermia. A decrease in temperature leads to a violation defense mechanisms organism and activation of opportunistic microflora in the nasal cavity, nasopharynx and oral cavity. The development of the common cold is also facilitated by a decrease in the body's resistance due to chronic diseases.

Functions of the nasal cavity

The main functions of the nasal cavity are:

• filtration of inhaled air;
• protective function;
• function of warming the inhaled air.

Protective function
The work of the cilia of the epithelium is also aimed at eliminating ( breeding) from the respiratory tract of foreign objects. It could be Poplar fluff, particles of wool and other objects. Getting into the nasal passages, they irritate the receptors embedded in the mucous membrane. Irritation of receptors leads to muscle contraction, as a result of which unconditional defensive reflex- sneezing. Thanks to sneezing, all pathological elements are removed from the upper respiratory tract.

Inhalation air warming function
The nasal cavity also warms the inhaled air, which plays especially important role during the cold seasons. This feature of the nose prevents the lower airways from becoming cold. Once in the nasal cavity, the air passes into the nasopharynx, and from it into the larynx and bronchi. Passing all this way, the air warms up and at the moment when it reaches the lungs, it does not lead to hypothermia of the mucosa.

Causes of a runny nose in children

Infectious causes of the common cold in children

• acute respiratory diseases ( ORZ);
• viral infections - adenoviruses, rhinoviruses, coronaviruses;
• Infectious mononucleosis ;
• bacteria;

Further, viruses or bacteria can migrate from the upper respiratory tract ( i.e. nasal cavity) into the lower respiratory tract. With a runny nose, the mucous membrane of the paranasal sinuses and middle ear can also be affected. This explains the fact that the common cold is most often accompanied by inflammation of the paranasal sinuses ( sinusitis, frontal sinusitis) and middle ear ( otitis media).

As a rule, a runny nose in children is recorded during a period of sharp temperature fluctuations. This is due, first of all, to a change in the virulent properties ( contagious ability) microbes, as well as with the hypothermia factor. Expressed inflammatory response in the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity is observed when the feet are cooled. This is due to the presence of reflex connections between the feet and the nose.

Non-infectious causes of the common cold in children

Non-infectious causes of a runny nose in children include:

• environmental factors - dust, smoke, strongly smelling substances;
• allergenic factors - fluff, wool;
• trauma;
• foreign bodies.

Allergic rhinitis in children

Symptoms of allergic rhinitis in children are:

• nasal congestion;
• rhinorrhea ( discharge of liquid contents from the nasal cavity);
• sneezing
• itching in the nasal cavity.

Given the time period of contact with the allergen, doctors distinguish between seasonal, year-round and occupational allergic rhinitis. The first two are typical for both children and adults, the last one is only for adults. The main cause of allergic rhinitis is plant pollen, which is a powerful allergen. Significant allergens include pollen from trees, grasses and weeds. Based on this, there are three main peaks of exacerbation of seasonal allergic rhinitis.

The periods of the year, which account for the peak incidence of allergic rhinitis, include:

• April May- due to pollination of trees such as birch, alder, hazel;
• June July- associated with the pollination of such cereal grasses as timothy and fescue;
• Aug. Sept- due to pollination of such weeds as wormwood, quinoa and plantain.

Stages of development of the common cold

The stages of development of the common cold are:

• reflex stage;
• catarrhal stage;
• the stage of recovery or accession of infection.

Catarrhal stage of development of the common cold
The second stage of the development of the common cold lasts from 2 to 3 days. During this stage, vasodilation occurs, which provokes swelling of the turbinates. Children complain of a feeling of nasal congestion, difficulty in nasal breathing. If the cause of a runny nose is a viral infection, then abundant clear watery discharge from the nose is noted ( rhinorrhea). There are also symptoms such as decreased sense of smell, lacrimation, stuffy ears and a nasal tone of voice. Also, this stage is accompanied by an increase in body temperature to subfebrile numbers ( 37.2 - 37.5 degrees). The mucous membrane of the nose at this stage becomes bright red and swells greatly, making it difficult to breathe. This, in turn, leads to the disappearance of the sense of smell and the deterioration of the perception of taste ( This is explained by the fact that olfactory receptors are laid in the nasal mucosa.). Sometimes lacrimation, congestion and tinnitus also join.

Stage of recovery or accession of infection
The third stage of the development of the common cold can go in 2 ways - recovery or the addition of bacterial inflammation. In the first case, the general condition improves, the function of the epithelium is restored. Nasal breathing begins to become freer, mucus secretion normalizes, and the sense of smell is restored. In the case of a secondary bacterial infection, the general condition of the child also initially improves. However, nasal discharge becomes greenish color and become thicker. Further development of the disease depends on how much the infection has descended. If pathogenic microorganisms have reached the bronchi, then the likelihood of developing bronchitis is high.

The duration of the common cold in children
On average, a runny nose of an infectious nature lasts from 7 to 10 days. At good immunity and quickly started treatment, recovery can occur as early as 2-3 days. With weakened body defenses and inadequate treatment, a runny nose drags on for up to 3-4 weeks. In this case, it can also become chronic or lead to the development of complications.

Symptoms of a runny nose in a child

The classic symptoms of a runny nose are nasal congestion, discharge, and sneezing. Depending on the nature of the underlying disease, one or another symptom can be expressed as much as possible. For example, with a viral infection, a runny nose is characterized by profuse discharge from the nose, and with allergies, persistent itching and sneezing. The development of a runny nose, as a rule, is sharp and sudden - it begins quickly with a general deterioration in the child's condition. In children, body temperature rises, appears headache, nasal breathing worsens, sense of smell decreases.

Since young children cannot express their complaints, they mostly cry. The smaller the child, the more restless he becomes. In infants, it is not the manifestations of the common cold that come first, but signs of general intoxication.

Further, a liquid discharge from the nasal cavity appears very quickly. The production of mucous contents occurs due to the enhancement of the function of the goblet glands, which are embedded in the epithelium. Pathological nasal secretion irritant effect on the skin. This is especially noticeable in the area of ​​​​the vestibule of the nose and upper lip, which manifests itself in the form of redness and painful cracks.

Symptoms of a runny nose in children are:

• feeling of nasal congestion;
• rhinorrhea;
• sneezing
• lacrimation.

Lachrymation is a very characteristic symptom of the common cold. It is caused by irritation of the reflexogenic zones of the nasal mucosa. Lachrymation is almost always accompanied by sneezing, the nature of which is similar. Sneezing is the result of irritation of sensory fibers that are located in the mucous membrane.

Total duration this disease varies from 8 to 14 days. If the general and local immunity of the child is not violated, then the runny nose stops after a couple of days. In weakened, often ill, runny nose most often has a protracted character - up to 3 - 4 weeks. In general, the child's condition depends on the underlying disease and the form of rhinitis.

Forms of rhinitis ( runny nose) are:

• acute rhinitis;
• chronic rhinitis;
• atrophic rhinitis;
• vasomotor rhinitis.

Chronic rhinitis
This type of runny nose is characterized by a violation of nasal breathing with alternate congestion in one or the other half of the nose. In chronic rhinitis, the nature of the discharge from the nose can be serous, mucous or purulent. Chronic hypertrophic rhinitis is characterized by a long course. Nasal congestion is characterized by a more permanent character, and most importantly, that this symptom does not go away after the use of vasoconstrictor drops. In addition to difficult nasal breathing, sick children are worried about headaches and poor sleep. The nasal mucosa is usually pale pink, reddish or bluish in color.

Atrophic rhinitis
In chronic atrophic rhinitis, the main symptom is a feeling of dryness in the nose. Also, patients complain of the formation of crusts, a feeling of pressure in the nasal cavity and headaches. The contents of the nose are always of a thick consistency and yellow-greenish hue. Typically, the volume pathological mucus with atrophic rhinitis small. However, if pus is present in large quantities, then this can lead to the spread chronic process on the mucous membrane of the pharynx and larynx.

Vasomotor rhinitis

This form of rhinitis is characterized by such manifestations as sneezing, nasal congestion, abundant liquid discharge. The development of vasomotor rhinitis is based on neurovegetative disorders, which cause a sharp spasm of the nasal vessels.

Cough and runny nose in a child

The appearance in the clinical picture of such a symptom as a cough depends on how far the infection has penetrated. If the body's defenses are weakened, and the child young age, then the risk of developing bronchitis or pneumonia is very high. Premature and weakened children in 9 cases out of 10 develop pneumonia and bronchiolitis. The nature of the cough depends on the level of infection. If the inflammatory process is localized at the level of the nasopharynx, larynx or trachea, then the cough is mostly dry. The reason for this is a dry and inflamed mucous membrane, which irritates the nerve endings and provokes a cough. If the infection goes down and affects the bronchopulmonary department, then the cough becomes productive, that is, wet. The amount of secretion depends on how well the bronchi drain and how much fluid the child consumes. As a rule, the cough is initially accompanied by scanty and viscous sputum. Subsequently, when taking bronchodilators, sputum liquefies, and its volume increases. The color and specific smell of sputum also depends on the source of infection. With pyogenic flora, sputum has fetid odor and is greenish in color.

Temperature and runny nose in a child

Temperature options depending on the etiology of the common cold

Runny nose without fever in a child

Runny nose in infants

Very rarely, a runny nose can occur in isolation. As a rule, in infants, it occurs in the form of nasopharyngitis. At the same time, both the nasal cavity and the pharyngeal cavity are involved in the pathological process. Such a feature clinical picture due to the inability of the child to independently clear the nasal cavity of mucus ( i.e. spit out). This leads to the fact that the pathological contents flow down the back of the pharynx, causing its irritation and inflammation. Thus, the pharynx is also involved in the inflammatory process, as a result, not rhinitis develops, but nasopharyngitis. Moreover, the inflammatory process in infants more often than in adults extends to the larynx, trachea, and bronchi. The consequence of this is frequent development tracheitis, bronchitis and even pneumonia.

Another feature of the common cold is the rapid development of such complications as otitis media ( inflammation of the middle ear). The reason for this is also the anatomical features of the structure of the ear cavity. So, the auditory tube in children is much wider and shorter than in adults, which leads to the rapid penetration of infection from the nose into the ear. At the same time, permanent horizontal position children and the lack of coughing skills lead to the flow of mucus from the nasal passages into a short auditory tube and from there to the middle ear. Thus, a runny nose is quickly complicated by an inflammatory process in the middle ear, which is very difficult in young children. The development of such a complication as otitis media is accompanied by dramatic changes in the behavior of the child. Due to the appearance severe pain, the intensity of which is growing rapidly, the child is deprived of rest. He starts crying, screaming, shaking his head. Such a rapid change in the behavior of the child should alert parents even before the appearance of pus from the ear cavity. Last symptom indicates a ruptured tympanic membrane.

Complications of the common cold in children

The consequences of a runny nose in children are:

• rapid fatigue;
• sleep disturbance;
• memory loss;
• development of chronic rhinitis and sinusitis;
• stop in the physical development of the child;
• deformation of the facial skeleton and chest bones;
• violation of metabolic processes;
• disruption of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems;
• development of allergic reactions.

Treatment of the common cold in children

• The room in which the child is located must be well ventilated.
• Humidity in the room should not be less than 50 - 60 percent.
• If a runny nose is accompanied by a temperature, then the child must be provided with an adequate water regime - often, but little by little. boiled water room temperature.
• During a cold, it is not recommended to force-feed a child.
• It is necessary to regularly remove the accumulated mucus from the nasal passages.
• To relieve symptoms ( but not to eliminate the very causes of a runny nose) can be applied vasoconstrictor drugs, which, in turn, are selected based on age.
• It is important to know that the maximum time of using any vasoconstrictor should not exceed 5 to 7 days.

Drops and sprays from the common cold in children

Drops and sprays used in the treatment of the common cold in children

Inhalation with a cold in children

Inhalation procedures are carried out using nebulizers or steam inhalers. Various household appliances such as pots or kettles can also be used. Regardless of the method of inhalation in the treatment of rhinitis, inhalation is carried out through the nose, and exhalation through the mouth. The choice of the drug, the duration of the session, contraindications and other points of the procedure depend on which device is used in inhalation therapy.

Nebulizers
A nebulizer is a device in which the medicine breaks into small drops and turns into a mist, inhaled by the child's nose through a special tube. The temperature of the drug does not increase, since its transformation occurs under the influence of ultrasound, a membrane or a compressor. It is possible to carry out inhalation with the help of such equipment at all stages of the common cold and at any age of the child.

Rules for the use of a nebulizer when children's runny nose the following:

• inhalation procedures with a nebulizer are carried out 2-4 times a day;
• it is necessary to continue the session for 5 - 8 minutes;
• before inhalation, the child should rinse the nasal and oral cavity;
• after the procedure, you should refrain from eating and drinking for 1-2 hours;
• the medicine is poured into a special chamber using a pipette or syringe ( most often come with the device);
• solutions used for inhalation should be at room temperature;
• before and after the session, parts that come into contact with the medicine or the nasal cavity of the child should be disinfected.

Drugs that are used for nebulizer therapy for children's rhinitis are:

• antiseptics ( miramistin, furatsilin);
• restorative ( tonsilgon, rotokan);
• anti-inflammatory ( budesonide);
• antibiotics ( dioxidine, gentamicin).

Steam inhalers
A steam inhaler is a device in which medication is heated and converted into vapor through a tube. Since such inhalations involve exposure to high temperatures on the mucous membrane, these procedures have enough contraindications.
Steam inhalations are excluded at temperatures above 37 degrees, because hot steam will worsen the child's condition. Steam inhalations are not carried out for heart disease, bronchial asthma and a tendency to spasms in the bronchi. The age of the child from which the steam inhaler is allowed is 6 years.

Rules for holding steam inhalation the following:

• one hour before and after the procedure, all physical activity should be excluded;
• after the end of the session, you can not go out into the open air for 2-3 hours;
• you can eat and drink after 1 - 2 hours;
• session duration varies from 10 to 15 minutes;
• the number of procedures per day - from 3 to 6;
• steam temperature ( installed on the device) - from 50 to 60 degrees.

Plants from which solutions for steam inhalation are prepared are:

• plantain;

Treatment of the common cold in children with folk remedies

The methods of treatment that traditional medicine offers for children's rhinitis are:

• nasal lavage;
• nasal instillation;
• plentiful drink;
• heat compresses.

Washing the nose with a runny nose in children

How to rinse your nose?
There are 2 ways to wash the nose. The first method is relevant in the initial stages of the common cold, when there are no symptoms of the disease from other organs. To wash, the child needs to draw the solution into the right palm, and pinch one nostril with the fingers of the left hand. Then you should tilt your head down and use your free nostrils to draw in the liquid. After this, the solution must be spit out and the manipulation of the other nostril repeated.

The second way ( deep) rinsing the nose is appropriate for the progression of the common cold. Also, this method can be used to treat the common cold in young children, because its main actions are carried out by adults. The procedure is carried out in several stages.

The stages of deep washing of the nose with a runny nose are as follows:

• To rinse the nose, the child should lower his head down, and one of the parents should inject the solution into the nasal cavity with the help of special device. To inject the solution, you can use a medical syringe, a small syringe, or a flush kit ( sold in pharmacies).
• The solution is injected without strong pressure into the right nostril. At the same time, the child's mouth should be open, and the tongue should stick out forward. An adult should definitely control this moment, otherwise the child may choke on the liquid.
• Manipulation should be continued until the liquid poured into the nose reaches oral cavity. After that, the child should spit out the solution and blow his nose.
• Then you should repeat the manipulation for the left nostril.

• Rinse the nose as mucus accumulates. Be sure to carry out the procedure before bedtime, so that the child falls asleep better.
• The child should be fed before washing, as this will eliminate food particles that have settled on the mucous membrane of the throat, which can aggravate the inflammatory process. After the session, you should refrain from eating for 1-2 hours.
• Alternation gives the best effect various solutions because each remedy has a specific effect. If it's time to rinse your nose, and ready solution No, you can rinse the mucosa with clean water.
• Washing water ( both for use in pure form and for the preparation of solutions) it is better to use distilled. In the absence of such, it can be replaced with filtered or boiled water.
• The temperature of the solution should be approximately 37 degrees. Hotter liquids can cause a burn, and colder ones can reduce local immunity.
• Do not prepare formulations for washing for future use. Each time it is necessary to use a fresh, freshly prepared solution.
• The total duration of one procedure should be at least 5 minutes, during which 50 - 100 milliliters of solution should be used.
• When washing, you should not strain your muscles too much, make sudden head movements, or sniff the solution too vigorously with your nose. The pressure of the liquid must be moderate, otherwise it can penetrate into the middle ear or paranasal sinuses.

For the preparation of decoctions for washing, the most commonly used:

• Calendula. A solution of calendula has a bactericidal effect, and also reduces inflammation in the tissues of the nose.
• Sage. Disinfects the mucosa and makes the mucous contents looser, as a result of which it is excreted faster.
• Coltsfoot. Stimulates local immunity, which contributes to faster tissue repair.
• St. John's wort. Suppresses activity harmful microorganisms and enhances the barrier function of the nasal mucosa.
• Chamomile. Stops the inflammatory process, and also reduces pain, as it has an analgesic effect.
• Oak bark. Due to enveloping and astringent action produces an anesthetic ( anesthetic) Effect.

Products from which you can prepare a solution for washing are:

• Salt ( cookery or sea). Use 2 teaspoons of salt per 250 milliliters of water. Salt solution removes fluid from the tissues, resulting in reduced swelling.
• Soda ( food). A teaspoon in a glass of water. Soda solution promotes the formation alkaline environment, which is unfavorable for pathogenic microorganisms.
• Honey ( natural). The solution is prepared from a teaspoon of honey and a glass of water. Softens mucous membranes and acts as antimicrobial agent. When using honey, you should be careful, as this product often provokes allergies.
• lemon juice ( fresh juice). Due to the large amount of vitamin C, it increases the resistance of tissues to the action of microbes. A solution is prepared from 2 parts of juice and 3 parts of water.

Instillation of the nose with a cold in children

Rules drinking regime
For the drink to bring maximum benefit, when preparing and drinking tea, some rules should be observed.

The rules for the drinking regimen for a runny nose in a child are as follows:

• the daily rate of fluid for a child is determined at the rate of 100 milliliters per 1 kilogram of weight;
• in order not to create a burden on the kidneys, the entire volume of fluid should be evenly distributed throughout the day;
• the drink should not have a pronounced sour or sweet taste;
• the temperature of the drink should be 40 - 45 degrees.

Rules for preparing a single portion ( 250 milliliters) of the drink are as follows:

• To prepare a remedy from medicinal herbs, a teaspoon of raw materials should be poured with water, the temperature of which is not higher than 80 degrees. You need to use tea after 15 - 20 minutes, after it has been infused and cooled.
• If the drink is prepared from fresh fruits or berries, they must be mashed to a pulp and poured with water not hotter than 50 degrees. A tablespoon of fruit or berry mass is taken in a glass of water.
• If juice is indicated in the recipe as the main component, it should be mixed with water in a 1: 1 ratio.

Heat compresses for colds in children

Compress rules
A compress should be made in accordance with a number of rules, non-compliance with which can significantly worsen the condition of the child.

The rules for performing compresses for a cold are as follows:

• The procedure cannot be carried out if the body temperature exceeds 36.6 degrees. Also, you should not make a compress if a runny nose is a symptom of purulent tonsillitis.
• The application should be applied to the area of ​​the nose and maxillary sinuses. Also, with a cold, with the help of thermal compresses, the feet are warmed up.
• Compresses are not recommended for children under the age of 2 years.

The types and methods of preparing compresses for a cold in children are as follows:

• Potato. Several potatoes need to be boiled, then mashed from them, to which you should add 2 tablespoons of vegetable oil and 2 - 3 drops of iodine.
• Curd. Fresh granular cottage cheese should be put under a press so that all the liquid is glassed. After that, the cottage cheese must be heated, placed in gauze, formed into a cake and used for a compress.
• Rye. From rye flour and honey, you should prepare a homogeneous mass and heat it in a water bath. From the resulting dough, you need to form cakes and use to warm the feet and nose.

R initis and nasal congestion in children younger age becomes real problem, since the baby still does not know how to blow his nose, which increases the risk of complications and activation of the bacterial flora.

aggravates pathological condition not yet formed immunity, and a small number of drugs that can be safely used. We will talk in detail in this article about the causes of rhinitis and how to treat a runny nose in a child of 3 years old.

Inflammation of the nasal mucosa occurs for a dozen different reasons, but the leading ones are:

• viral infection;
• bacterial infection;
• allergic reaction.

In addition, snot in a child at 3 years old can be the result of small parts of toys or a designer getting into the nasal cavity. Foreign body stuck in upper respiratory tract, which causes tissue swelling and increased secretion of mucus in response to irritation.

Medicines in this situation are not effective, the child needs the help of an ENT or a surgeon.

Viral rhinitis

Most often, initially a runny nose in a child at 3 years old is caused by a viral infection. Influenza, parainfluenza, adenovirus infection viruses enter the mucous membranes of the nasal cavity and upper respiratory tract, provoking the development of an inflammatory process.

Symptoms of viral rhinitis persist for 5-7 days, and if the child is not treated or treated incorrectly, then the risk of a secondary bacterial infection increases.

This probability is higher if the baby suffers from adenoids or other chronic inflammatory processes in the nasopharynx.

Immunity is formed only at the age of eight to ten, children of the first years of life are practically defenseless against pathogenic microorganisms.

bacterial form

Bacterial rhinitis develops in most cases as a complication of an untreated viral disease against the background of the addition of pathogenic microflora. Only in rare cases is this the primary process.

Reproduction of bacteria occurs if the inflammatory process in the nasal cavity drags on for 10 days or longer, and also spreads to the sinuses and pharynx.

A runny nose of a bacterial nature in a child at the age of 3 is more difficult to cure, which often leads to chronicity of the pathological process and complications in the form of sinusitis, adenoiditis, sinusitis.

Runny nose with allergic component

Rhinitis allergic nature develops against the background of exposure to the body of potential allergens and irritants.

They can be pet hair, houseplants(their pollen), mold fungus, feather pillows, fabric softeners and washing powders, air fresheners.

Features of therapy of the bacterial form

For the treatment of bacterial rhinitis, in addition to the drugs described above, antibacterial agents are prescribed, for example, Collargol or Protargol drops.

The composition of these drugs includes colloidal silver - a powerful natural antiseptic, which has a detrimental effect on gram-positive, gram-negative microflora, fungi and some viruses.

In the event that the inflammatory process in the nose captures all the sinuses and cavities, the child is additionally prescribed drops for oral administration on a plant basis Sinupret.

In especially severe cases, when the infection has spread to the throat, a course of antibiotic therapy is recommended. Specific names of drugs are selected by the pediatrician, after determining the sensitivity of pathogens to a particular bacterial agent.

It is strictly forbidden to instill antibiotic solutions or homemade antibiotic drops into the nose of a child - this can cause a serious allergic reaction (Quincke's edema and anaphylactic shock).

Eliminate the allergic component

When rhinitis is detected allergic origin main medicine there will be a spray or aerosol based on hormones:

• Avamis;
• Allergodil (at the age of 3, it is prescribed by a doctor carefully, in case of emergency. According to the instructions, the medicine is intended for children over 6 years old).

The huge advantage of these drugs is that the drug acts only locally, that is, it is practically not absorbed into the general bloodstream, thereby the risk of developing side effects and overdose is minimal.

However, all drugs in this group are prescribed only by a pediatrician and do not provide for independent use.

Physiotherapy treatment

Physiotherapeutic methods for the treatment of rhinitis in children 3 years old include:

• Inhalation - carried out through a nebulizer or thermal, using drugs (for the first) and herbal decoctions or essential oils for thermal inhalers or adding them to the basin with hot water. Inhalations with a runny nose can only be carried out at normal body temperature, after cleaning the nasal cavity from mucus and crusts with saline. During the procedure, you need to calmly breathe through your nose, do not talk, do not spin, so as not to injure yourself (when inhaling over hot steam) and not disable the device (when using a nebulizer).
• UVI - an ultraviolet beam is directed into the child's nose, which helps to eliminate tissue edema, reduces the amount of secretions, and stimulates the process of regeneration (rapid healing) of microscopic cracks in the nasal mucosa.
• Laser therapy - the method is effective in acute and chronic form treatment. After the procedure, tissue swelling is significantly reduced, nasal breathing is facilitated, and signs of the inflammatory process are reduced.

Cough and runny nose without fever in a child are the main signs of the development of inflammation in upper divisions respiratory tract. Allergic and infectious agents can provoke pathological processes in the mucous membranes of the respiratory system.

Determine the most optimal treatment strategy respiratory disease It is possible only after an instrumental examination by a pediatrician. Rhinitis and cough are protective and adaptive reactions of the body, which are aimed at removing allergens, mucus and pathogens from the respiratory tract.

Relief of symptoms without determining the causes of their occurrence can lead to inflammation lower divisions respiratory tract and the development of complications. That is why before using certain medications, you need to consult a pediatrician.

Causes of the disease

In children preschool age colds are 3 times more common than in adults. According to pediatricians, this is due to the underdevelopment of the immune system and its inability to withstand the onslaught of disease-causing agents. For this reason, during periods of exacerbation seasonal diseases children often have a runny nose, cough, sore throat, muscle weakness, lacrimation, etc.

The main causes of pathological symptoms can be divided into two large groups:

infectious

Rhinitis and constant expectoration of mucus in the absence of fever are clear manifestations infection respiratory organs. Microbes, fungi or viruses can become provocateurs of pathological processes in the mucous membranes of the laryngopharynx and nose. The most common conditions associated with cough and nasal congestion include:

• flu;
• nasopharyngitis;
• tonsillitis;
• laryngitis;
• cold.

Late treatment of acute respiratory diseases is fraught with the development of sinusitis, sphenoiditis, adenoiditis, etc.

Very often, cough in children occurs as a result of nasal mucus running down the back of the throat. Subsequent irritation of the cough receptors leads to the appearance of a paroxysmal cough. In this case, to eliminate the pathological symptoms, it is enough to eliminate the inflammation directly in the nasal cavity.

allergic

Nasal congestion and cough without fever are the main manifestations of an allergic reaction. Penetrating into the nasal mucosa, allergens cause inflammation, which stimulates the production of a viscous secret. With the current of mucus, dust, dirt, allergens and other foreign elements are evacuated from the nasal canals. Allergies in children can be provoked by:

• second hand smoke;
• dust and dust mites;
• evaporation of household chemicals;
• polluted air;
• plant pollen.

The manifestations of allergies are very similar to the symptoms of a cold, but the methods of treating diseases are fundamentally different.

To eliminate the signs of allergy, it is necessary to eliminate the causal allergen and prescribe antihistamine therapy to the small patient. Timely intake of antiallergic drugs can prevent severe swelling of the mucosa and complications.

It is possible to cure cough and snot without fever in a child faster if the therapeutic regimen is followed. A complex approach to solve the problem can significantly alleviate the patient's condition and speed up the process of his recovery. During the passage drug therapy, it is recommended:

Cough remedies

How to deal with a cough in a child? Before using any medication, you need to determine the type of cough. It can be dry (unproductive) or wet (productive). In the first case, sputum from the bronchi, trachea and upper respiratory tract is not separated, in the second case it is separated. In this regard, two types of drugs can be used to relieve the symptoms of the disease:

Antitussives

Antitussives suppress the cough reaction and are used only for non-productive coughs. The components of the drugs are aimed at reducing the sensitivity of the corresponding zones in the cerebral cortex or receptors located in the laryngopharyngeal mucosa. They are produced in the form of syrups, tablets, solutions for inhalation, lozenges for resorption, etc. In pediatric practice, for the treatment of acute respiratory infections, the following are usually used:

• "Panatus";
• "Sinekod";
• "Stoptussin";
• "Omnitus";
• "Libexin".

Antitussives are prescribed only by a pediatrician and are used for no more than 3 days in a row.

Expectorants

Expectorants thin the sputum, making it easier to separate from the walls of the respiratory tract. The composition of some drugs additionally includes components that prevent the secretion of mucus and, accordingly, irritation of cough receptors. The use of secretolytic drugs prevents the accumulation of pathological secretions in the lungs, which is fraught with the development of bronchitis and pneumonia.

For the treatment of children, the following types of expectorants are usually used:

• "Fluimucil";
• "Ambrobene";
• "Bromhexine";
• "Linkas";
• "Ascoril".

Expectorants should not be used to treat children under 2 years of age, as they are not yet able to effectively cough up sputum.

Remedies for the common cold

Rhinitis is the discharge of mucous masses from the nasal passages, provoked by inflammation of the soft tissues in the nasal cavity. To make you feel better little patient, it is recommended to use nasal drops and sprays. Depending on the principle of action, the following types of drugs for intranasal administration are distinguished:

• vasoconstrictor ("Evkazolin", "Tizin") - reduce the permeability of blood vessels, thereby eliminating swelling and improving the patency of the nasal canals;
• moisturizing ("Physiomer", "Salin") - reduce swelling, moisturize the mucous membrane and accelerate the evacuation of viscous secretions from the nasal passages;
• antibacterial ("Isofra", "Bioparox") - inhibit the activity of microbes, eliminate purulent inflammation in the nasal cavity;
• antiviral ("Nazoferon", "Grippferon") - destroy viruses, increase local immunity and accelerate tissue healing;
• homeopathic ("Edas-131", "Delufen") - increase local immunity and prevent recurrence of inflammation in the nasal cavity.

The safest are nasal drops based on sea water, as they practically do not cause adverse reactions and mucosal irritation.

Pediatricians do not recommend using vasoconstrictor drops for more than 5 days in a row. They contain substances that negatively affect the structure of the nasopharyngeal mucosa. Abuse of drops is fraught with the development of allergic rhinitis and more serious complications.

The scheme of drug treatment

If the child coughs and "snotty", you need to take care of the correct preparation of the treatment regimen. It should be understood that nasal and cough preparations do not eliminate true reason development respiratory disease- infection. To facilitate the well-being of a small patient and speed up the healing process, you need to use several types at once. medicines, namely:

Timely use of pharmacotherapy prevents chronic inflammation and the development of more serious complications, which include sinusitis, sphenoiditis, ethmoiditis, bronchitis, pneumonia, tracheitis, etc.

Results

Cough and rhinitis are classic manifestations colds The child has. The absence of subfebrile fever in most cases indicates a lack of resistance to infections. Inadequate and untimely treatment ARI quite often becomes the cause of the development of side diseases.

It is possible to eliminate undesirable manifestations of the disease by taking local drugs (nasal drops, inhalation solutions) and systemic (cough syrups, tablets) action. Complex therapy provides rapid elimination of not only the symptoms of a cold, but also the infection itself. To prevent recurrence of flu or colds, it is recommended to take vitamin-mineral complexes for at least 1-2 weeks after undergoing medical treatment.