Omeprazole use at the age of 9 years. Why is Omeprazole prescribed, and how to use the drug effectively? Usual Adult Dose for Gastric Ulcer

The medicine Omeprazole is one of the latest and most effective drugs that are taken to treat gastric erosions, gastritis and peptic ulcers. Also, the drug effectively fights various inflammatory processes in the gastrointestinal tract.

Omeprazole reduces the production of hydrochloric acid, lowers acidity, which is essential in acute and chronic forms of gastritis. It is used for peptic ulcer with high acidity, since its action is activated only when it enters an acidic environment.

After the patient takes the medicine, Omeprazole begins to actively penetrate into the gastric cells, which are responsible for the secretory function of hydrochloric acid production. Accumulating, the drug regulates the production of pepsin (as experts call the enzyme that is responsible for the breakdown of proteins), and also controls the secretion of gastric juice.

Omeprazole tablets act directly on the microorganism, which is called pylori, it is he who contributes to the development of gastritis and stomach ulcers.

Ulcerative reflux and erosive esophagitis is a disease in which there is a pathological reflux of stomach contents into the esophagus. This disease is characterized by damage to the mucosa, since food enters the esophagus already with gastric juice, which has a corrosive effect on the mucosa. To avoid the appearance of erosions and ulcerative formations, experts prescribe Omeprazole.

The medicine reduces the negative effects of hydrochloric acid, normalizes the pH of the juice secreted by the stomach, thereby significantly reducing all the symptoms and consequences that high acidity can cause. The main feature of Omeprazole is that the positive effect lasts even after the patient has completed the course of taking the drug. Once in the body, the drug begins to act after an hour, the effect lasts for 24 hours. That is, we can say with confidence that after 120 minutes the patient will already be able to feel significant relief. The higher the dose, the more pronounced the therapeutic effect is.

The drug is excreted mainly by the kidneys - up to 80%, and also by the intestines - about 20%. It should be borne in mind that the drug must be administered with caution to the elderly, as well as to patients who have impaired renal function - the withdrawal of the drug may slow down.

In pharmacies you can find:

1. Omeprazole capsules - contain either 10 or 20 mg of the active ingredient.
2. Tablets (pellets) - contain 10, 20, 40 mg of the active substance, which is Omeprazole.
3. Powder for solution - contains 40 mg of active ingredient.

Released upon presentation of the prescription form.

Instructions for use

The medicine is prescribed for children from 5 years old, as well as adults. The drug is recommended for use in diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and duodenum.

Indications for use:

If you are concerned about the question - what does Omeprazole help with, and whether it will cope specifically with your disease - it is better to consult a doctor on these issues. Self-medication without diagnostics is not welcome - stomach pain can be caused by a number of reasons that cannot be determined independently.

Contraindications

The very first and most important thing is the individual intolerance of the components of the drug.

It has been clinically proven that omeprazole is prohibited for use by pregnant women - it can cause a malformation in the fetus. Since the drug is well absorbed, and a small part of it is absorbed and passed through breast milk, therefore, Omeprazole is also not prescribed for nursing mothers.

Due to the fact that the action of Omeprazole is active only in an acidic environment, and he himself is prescribed exclusively for people with high acidity, the drug is not prescribed for patients who have a peptic ulcer with low acidity.

The drug should not be taken with the following diseases:

1. atrophic gastritis.
2. Cancer of the stomach or duodenum. This is especially true in cases where the diagnosis has not yet been confirmed: Omeprazole can stop the syndromes of the disease, and in this case it will not be easy to diagnose the disease.
3. In diseases of the bones - the drug contributes to the leaching of calcium, therefore, it can aggravate the course of the disease. If there is an urgent need - in this case, the patient is prescribed Omeprazole in combination with vitamin D and calcium.

The medicine is not prescribed to people who have the following diseases:

1. Malignant neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract and duodenum;
2. Infections of the gastrointestinal tract - compylobacter or salmonella. The drug can promote the reproduction of these microbes.
3. Allergic reactions.
4. Renal and liver failure.

Also, contraindications include age up to 5 years.

Before you start using Omeprazole, you should always consult with your doctor.

Side effects

As a rule, the drug is well tolerated. The exception is a long period of use - more than two months, but doctors do not prescribe a medicine for such a long period, the optimal course of treatment is 30 days. After a break, you can resume the use for preventive purposes.

The main adverse reactions that may occur with the incorrect use of Omeprazole are the following symptoms:

• nausea, vomiting;
• weakness;
• pain in the stomach;
• constipation;
• dizziness;
• diarrhea.

If the above symptoms occur, the drug should be discontinued and consult a doctor.

In very rare cases, the use of omeprazole can also cause:

• flatulence;
• loss of smell;
• headache;
• irritability, depression;
• encephalopathy.

All of the above symptoms can occur in people who have disorders of the nervous system.

On the part of the skin - taking omeprazole can provoke the appearance of skin rashes, peeling and itching. People who are prone to allergic reactions may notice the appearance of hives or an increase in overall body temperature.

Omeprazole promotes leaching of calcium from the bones, so in some cases, older people, as well as patients who have diseases of the skeletal system, may experience severe weakness and joint pain.

That is why the patient must necessarily get a specialist consultation before taking Omeprazole.

Instructions for use

Omeprazole is prescribed to be taken once a day - just before breakfast. In some cases, doctors suggest dividing the reception into two times - in the morning and in the evening. In any case, the maximum effect will be achieved only if the medicine is taken on an empty stomach.

Capsules should not be chewed - if necessary, dilute the contents of the capsule in acidified water. Tablets should be washed down with a small amount of purified water without gases.

Adults are prescribed the use of omeprazole in the amount of 20 mg. In some cases, the doctor adjusts the dosage - it all depends on the general well-being of the patient. The course of treatment, as a rule, lasts no more than a month, after which it is necessary to stop taking the drug for two months. If necessary, Omeprazole is resumed. If it is necessary to take the medicine as a prophylaxis, in this case 20 mg per day will be enough, no more.

How to take Omeprazole for the following disorders

1. Gastric ulcer - up to 40 mg per day, the course of treatment - up to 2 months.
2. Erosive esophagitis involves taking the drug in a similar way to the scheme for peptic ulcer.
3. Duodenal ulcer - 20 mg per day, for a period of two to four weeks.
4. With Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, the doctor must designate the dose on his own, but it should be borne in mind that it should not exceed 60 mg per day.
5. With Helicobacter pylori infection, Omeprazole is prescribed one 10 mg tablet before meals in the morning, and also before going to bed. The course of treatment is 7 days.
6. For reflux, the drug should be taken in an amount of 40 mg per day, the dose should be divided into two doses.

It is possible to use a medication even if the patient is in intensive care. In this case, doctors put a catheter into the stomach. To do this, dilute 20 mg of the active ingredient in powder form with 30 ml of water. Within three minutes, the components completely dissolve, after which the drug can be administered through a gastric tube.

If the patient is in a very serious condition, Omeprazole is administered intravenously, diluting the active ingredient with sodium chloride.

Overdose

An overdose of the drug is extremely rare. It is known that by increasing the dose, it is possible to alleviate the patient's condition, however, it should not exceed 60 mg per day. Otherwise, the following complications are possible:

• tachycardia;
• confusion;
• Strong headache;
• dryness of the mucous membranes of the mouth and nose;
• difficulty breathing;
• loss of clarity of vision;
• drowsiness;
• increased sweating;
• heat all over the body.

If the above symptoms appear, you should immediately consult a doctor. He will prescribe symptomatic treatment - that is, he will eliminate the consequences as they occur. Omeprazole is absorbed into the blood within an hour - that is, dialysis is not effective.

How to take Omeprazole for pregnant women?

In the first trimester of pregnancy, the drug is categorically not prescribed, as it can cause severe pathologies in the development of the fetus. In other terms, the medicine is prescribed only in cases where there is a vital need.

Generics of Omeprazole (analogues)

Due to the fact that the drug is very effective and in demand, every year you can find more and more different analogues. All of them have a different cost - if you want to buy a drug cheaper, consult a pharmacist.

The most famous synonyms of Omeprazole:

• Gastrozole;
• Omezol;
• Bioprazol;
• Omephez;
• Omeprazole-Acre;
• Omez;
• Losek.

There are other generics of Omeprazole that are not registered in Russia, but are used in Evprop:

• Prilosec;
• Antra Maps;
• Romesek;
• Lokit;
• Proseptin.

Comparison of two generics: which is better Omez or Omeprazole?

Omez is a synonym for Omeprazole. In Omez, the active ingredient is Omeprazole, but the fact is that the content of the active ingredient in these two drugs may vary.

The synonym includes a lot more various excipients, so experts recommend taking it with caution to people prone to allergies. Due to the fact that additional ingredients - sucrose, titanium dioxide, sodium lauryl sulfate, etc. Because of them, the active substance reaches its maximum concentration in the body more slowly, but is also excreted from it faster. As a rule, analogues have a lower cost, which is why they are more popular.

Omez is an effective medical remedy that is widely used to treat ailments of the gastrointestinal tract. Experts say that the drug is in no way inferior to Omeprazole in its effectiveness.

Let's highlight the main criteria for the differences between Omez and Omeprazole:

1. Omeprazole is the active ingredient. In turn, Omez is a medicine that contains Omeprazole in combination with excipients.
2. The price for Omez is lower than for Omeprazole due to the fact that it contains a smaller amount of active ingredient. That is, more Omez tablets may be required for effective treatment.
3. Despite the fact that Omez begins its action more slowly, nevertheless, it is considered effective in the fight against ulcers of the gastrointestinal tract and duodenum, with gastritis and heartburn.

Price

The price of the drug is relatively low and affordable for every average resident of Russia. It may vary depending on what form of the drug you want to purchase, in what dosage. For example:

• Omeprazole 20 mg capsules has an average cost of 30-50 rubles for 30 pieces.
• A 40 mg drug can cost from 170 to 200 rubles for 28 pieces.

In general, Omeprazole tablets cost no more than 200 rubles in any pharmacy.

If you want to achieve the maximum therapeutic effect, you must consult a doctor. Only he will be able to correctly and competently choose a drug that will affect exactly those parts of the body that need it. The same applies to generics - do not be self-willed, ask your doctor for help. He literally knows your entire medical history, as well as possible allergic reactions to the components of the drug.

Omeprazole(lat. omeprazole) is an antiulcer drug, a proton pump inhibitor.

Omeprazole - chemical compound

Characteristics of omeprazole : white or off-white crystalline powder, very soluble in ethanol and methanol, slightly soluble in acetone and isopropanol, very slightly soluble in water. It is a weak base, stability depends on the acidity of the medium: it undergoes rapid degradation in an acidic environment, and is relatively stable in an alkaline one.

Omeprazole is a drug

"Omeprazole", in addition, the trade name of a number of drugs.

Indications for the use of omeprazole

• peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum (exacerbation phase and anti-relapse treatment), incl. associated with Helicobacter pylori(only in combination therapy!)
• reflux esophagitis
• erosive and ulcerative lesions of the stomach and duodenum associated with the use of NSAIDs, stress ulcers
• Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.

Dosing and Administration of Omeprazole

Professional medical articles regarding the use of omeprazole

• Maev I.V., Vyuchnova E.S., Shchekina M.I. Experience with omeprazole ULTOP (KRKA, Slovenia) in patients with duodenal ulcer. MGMSU.

• Vasiliev Yu.V. Omeprazole in the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease and peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum // RMJ. - 2007. - T. 15. - No. 4.


• Gorbakov V.V., Makarov Yu.S., Golochalova T.V. Comparative characteristics of antisecretory drugs of various groups according to daily pH monitoring. Lechachy vrach. 2001. - No. 5–6.


• Khavkin A.I., Zhikhareva N.S. Clinical experience with the use of omeprazoles from different manufacturers // Application Consulium Medicum. Gastroenterology. 2012. No. 2. S. 72–75.

Contraindications to the use of omeprazole

Restrictions on the use of omeprazole

• chronic liver disease
• children's age (exception - Zollinger-Ellison syndrome)
• long-term use of omeprazole or high doses increases the risk of hip, wrist and spine fractures ("FDA Warning").

The use of omeprazole during pregnancy and lactation

At the time of treatment with omeprazole, breastfeeding should be stopped.

At the same time, there is a position of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation: “Omeprazole is approved for use during pregnancy and during breastfeeding, in children over 2 years old in the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease, in children over 4 years old in the treatment of duodenal ulcer caused by Helicobacter pylori i" *).

Maps form of omeprazole

MAPs tablets contain about 1000 acid-resistant microcapsules, the tablet quickly disintegrates in the stomach into microcapsules protected from the acidic environment, then enters the small intestine, where, under the action of alkaline pH, the microcapsules dissolve, omeprazole is released and absorbed. The MAP form provides better delivery of omeprazole to the parietal cell, and as a result, a predictable and reproducible antisecretory effect. With erosive and ulcerative lesions of the gastroduodenal zone, the MAPs tablets are as effective as omeprazole capsules. Maps omeprazole can be dissolved in water or juice for ease of use. The possibility of introducing dissolved MAPs tablets through a nasogastric tube is especially relevant for seriously ill patients - a contingent of intensive care units, in whom the prevention of acute ulcers and erosions is an urgent task (Lapina T.L.).

Comparison of omeprazole with other proton pump blockers

According to D. S. Bordin, the effectiveness of all PPIs in long-term treatment of GERD is close. In the early stages of therapy, lansoprazole has some advantages in the speed of onset of effect, which potentially increases the patient's adherence to treatment. If you need to take several drugs for the simultaneous treatment of different diseases, pantoprazole is the safest.

Differences in the antisecretory effect of lansoprazole and omeprazole are explained by the fact that T½ of lansoprazole and omeprazole is 1.3 and 0.7 hours, respectively. The bioavailability of lansoprazole is more than 85% at the first dose and remains constant with repeated doses. When taking the first dose of omeprazole, the bioavailability is only 35%, with repeated doses it increases to 60% by the third to fifth day. In addition, the metabolism of omeprazole is carried out in the liver mainly by the CYP2C19 isoform of the cytochrome P450 system, and lansoprazole is additionally metabolized by the CYP3A4 isoenzyme. As a result, when taking omeprazole, a more pronounced variability of the antisecretory effect is observed depending on the heterogeneity of the CYP2C19 gene (Alekseenko S.A.).

In the countries - the former republics of the USSR, omeprazole is widely represented by generics. The prices for omeprazole generics are much lower than the prices for original drugs, such as Losek, Losek Maps, Pariet or Nexium, which is of no small importance for the patient and often determines the choice of the drug based on financial capabilities, especially for long-term use. Due to possible differences in the quality of drugs, an objective assessment of their clinical effectiveness is often necessary. Currently, 24-hour monitoring of the intragastric pH level is an objective and accessible method for testing antisecretory agents in clinical practice (Alekseenko S.A.).

Comparison of different preparations of omeprazole

1. Omeprazole generics Ortanol and Omez effectively stop the clinical symptoms of acid-related diseases in children.
2. A single dose of the drug Ortanol is more effective in comparison with Omez according to the data.
3. The relief of clinical symptoms when taking Ortanol occurs earlier than when taking Omez.
4. Relief of symptoms on the 14th day is more complete with Ortanol than Omeza.
5. Both drugs are well tolerated.

Night acid breakthrough

Omeprazole resistance

Interactions of omeprazole with other drugs

Omeprazole enhances the action of coumarins and diphenin, does not change - NSAIDs. May increase the leukopenic and thrombocytopenic effect of drugs that inhibit hematopoiesis. The substance for intravenous infusion is compatible only with saline and dextrose solution (when using other solvents, the stability of omeprazole may decrease due to changes in the acidity of the infusion medium).

If it is necessary to simultaneously take proton pump inhibitors and clopidogrel, the American Heart Association recommends taking pantoprazole instead of omeprazole (Bordin D.S.).

With the combined use of methotrexate with proton pump inhibitors, some patients experienced a slight increase in the concentration of methotrexate in blood plasma. In the treatment of high doses of methotrexate, you should temporarily stop taking omeprazole. When omeprazole is co-administered with clarithromycin or erythromycin, the plasma concentration of omeprazole increases. Co-administration of omeprazole with amoxicillin or metronidazole does not affect the plasma concentration of omeprazole. No effect of omeprazole on antacids, theophylline, caffeine, quinidine, lidocaine, propranolol, ethanol. *)

Clarithromycin 500 mg 3 times a day in combination with a dose of 40 mg per day increases the half-life T½, and AUC24 of omeprazole. In all patients receiving combination therapy, compared with those receiving omeprazole alone, there was an increase of 89% in AUC24 and 34% T½ of omeprazole. In clarithromycin, Cmax, Cmin, and AUC8 were increased by 10%, 27%, and 15%, respectively, compared to when clarithromycin alone was used without omeprazole. At steady state, concentrations of clarithromycin in the gastric mucosa 6 hours after administration in patients receiving the combination were 25 times higher than those receiving clarithromycin alone. Concentrations of clarithromycin in the tissues of the stomach 6 hours after taking two drugs are 2 times higher than those obtained in patients who received only clarithromycin.

Trade names of drugs with the active substance omeprazole

On the pharmaceutical markets of the countries - the former republics of the USSR, a number of drugs with the active substance omeprazole are presented that are not registered in Russia, in particular: Antra and Antra MUPS.

In each of the developed countries, a large number of different drugs from different manufacturers with the active ingredient omeprazole are registered. For example in Spain, omeprazole is (sold) under the trade names: Losec, Arapride, Audazol, Aulcer, Belmazol, Ceprandal, Dolintol, Elgam, Emeproton, Gastrimut, Miol, Norpramin, Novek, Nuclosina, Omapren, Omeprazol Abdrug, Omeprazol Accord, Omeprazol Actavis, Omeprazol Acygen, Omeprazol Almus, Omepraz ol Alter, Omeprazol Apotex, Omeprazol Aristo, Omeprazol Asol, Omeprazol Aurobindo, Omeprazol Bexal, Omeprazol Biotecnet, Omeprazol Cinfa, Omeprazol Cinfamed, Omeprazol Combino Pharm, Omeprazol Combix, Omeprazol Cuve, Omeprazol Cuvefarma, Omeprazol EDavur, Omeprazol Davur, Omeprazol Davur Edigen, Omeprazol Esteve, Omeprazol Genericos Juventus, Omeprazol G.E.S., Omeprazol Kern Pharma, Omeprazol Korhispana, Omeprazol Lareq, Omeprazol Liconsa, Omeprazol Mabo, Omeprazol Mede, Omeprazol Penol Mylan, Omeprazol Normon, Omeprazol Nupral, Omeprazol Onedose, Omeprazol Onedose, Omeprazol Onedose, Omeprazol Onedose Pharmagenus Omeprazol Placasod, Omeprazol Qualigen, Omeprazol Ranbaxy, Omeprazol Ratio, Omeprazol Rimazol, Omeprazol Rubio, Omeprazol Sandoz, Omeprazol Serraclinics, Omeprazol STADA, Omeprazol Sumol, Omeprazol Tarbis, Omeprazol Tecnigen, Omeprazol Teva, Omeprazol Tevagen, Omeprazol Ulcometion, Omeprazol Ulcometion, Omeprazol Ulcometion, Omeprazol Ulcometion, Ompranyt, Parizac, Pepticum, Prysma, Ulceral, Ulcesep, Zimor and others.

By Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated December 30, 2009 No. 2135-r, omeprazole (capsules; lyophilisate for the preparation of a solution for intravenous administration; lyophilisate for the preparation of a solution for infusion; coated tablets) is included in the List of vital and essential medicines.

Instructions for medical use of omeprazole

Omeprazole in the USA

The US branded omeprazole is Prilosec. In addition to it, a number of generic omeprazole are sold in the United States. OTC (over-the-counter) in the US Prilosec OTC and Omeprazole differ from the prescription reduced amount of omeprazole in one tablet (capsule) - 20 mg.

In addition, Zegerid, a drug with the active ingredient omeprazole + sodium bicarbonate, is presented on the US market. Its over-the-counter option is Zegerid OTC.

In the US, the number of prescriptions for omeprazole is increasing every year. In 2011, omeprazole ranked sixth among all prescription drugs in the United States for this indicator, ahead of all drugs for the treatment of diseases of the digestive system (although it loses to Nexium in terms of sales, according to 2011 data):

Omeprazole has contraindications, side effects and application features, consultation with a specialist is necessary.

Good afternoon, dear readers. Today we’ll talk about what omeprazole is prescribed for. I often hear from acquaintances and friends that the doctor prescribes this drug. Let's find out more about him. I give the floor to the practicing physician Ganshina Ilona Valerievna.

The modern rhythm of life, malnutrition and stress provoke digestive disorders, gastritis and stomach ulcers. Each of these conditions requires adequate drug therapy.

Release form composition and packaging

Omeprazole is a fairly well-known drug.

Produced by many Russian companies under the brands:

• akrikhin;
• teva;
• avva rus;
• astrafarm;
• sandoz;
• richter;
• promed;
• staff.

The drug acts on the enzyme in the stomach as part of hydrochloric acid, inhibits secretion, accelerates the exchange of hydrogen ions in the mucus of the epithelium, thereby blocking the production of hydrochloric acid production.

As a result, the level, secretion of digestive juice decreases.

Taking into account the intake of doses, the effectiveness of the drug is observed for one 1-1.5 days.

Release form of the drug- hard capsules (10, 20, 40 mg). Packing - cell, contour. Pack - cardboard or polymer jars (10, 20 mg).

Composed of:

• active ingredient - omeprazole;
• auxiliary elements: sodium lauryl sulfate, purified water, dye e129, glycerin, gelatin, nipagin, mannitol, sugar, titanium dioxide, talc, methacrylic acid.

Pharmacological action, pharmacokinetics

Omeprazole has an inhibitory and antiulcer effect, inhibits the activity of the enzyme adenosine triphosphate H + K.

The metabolite, when it enters an acidic environment, already after 4-5 minutes, begins to transform into sulfenamide, entering into active interaction with phosphates, blocking the phase.

This drug is a highly selective drug for conversion into an active metabolite in an acidic environment.

In relation to parietal cells, the drug is not absorbed, but quickly suppresses the secretion of hydrochloric acid irritants and the production of pepsin, leading to a decrease in the total volume of contents in the stomach.

Omeprazole in capsules with a thin shell contains microgranules, the release of which already 1 hour after application leads to the achievement of the maximum therapeutic effect. Preservation lasts up to 1 day.

A single dose of omeprazole is sufficient so that the suppression of the secretion of hydrochloric acid was carried out to the maximum for the whole day. Secretory activity will be restored after 5-6 days if you stop taking Omeprazole.

The pharmacokinetics of the drug is as follows:

• bioavailability - 40%, but an increase in elderly people is possible;
• absorption is high;
• lipophilicity - high at the time of entry into contact with albumin and glycoproteins (proteins) in blood plasma;
• the elimination period is 0.5 hours and a little more up to 3 hours for liver diseases.

Metabolism occurs in the liver cells in the form of 6 inactive metabolites. Up to 80% of the drug is excreted by the kidneys, up to 40% - by bile. The rate of elimination of the drug may be reduced in elderly people with chronic renal failure.

Causes of the withdrawal syndrome of omeprazole and other proton pump inhibitors

The use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) is indicated in the treatment of pathologies of the stomach and intestines, accompanied by increased secretion of hydrochloric acid.

The main advantage of PPIs is that o syndrome is rare and can be prevented with proper therapy. Let's look at the main characteristics of PPIs and the reasons why withdrawal occurs.

With increased production of hydrochloric acid, irritation of the gastric wall occurs, pain, heartburn and other digestive problems appear.

The proton pump inhibitor taken by the patient, when it enters the body, acts as follows:

• being absorbed from the small intestine, the active components penetrate into the general bloodstream;
• with the blood flow, they find themselves in the vessels supplying the gastric mucosa;
• under the influence of the acidity of the organ, they begin to "work", suppressing the activity of the enzyme located inside the cell membranes (proton pump);
• suppression of enzymatic activity leads to a decrease in acid production and the disappearance of symptoms.

The enteric coating of tablets or capsules prevents direct contact of active ingredients with gastric juice. The medicine must be swallowed whole with a small amount of water.

When the pills are crushed for ease of administration, rapid dehydration occurs upon direct contact with hydrochloric acid and a decrease in the activity of the PPI, the medicine taken incorrectly does not provide the necessary therapeutic effect.

Patients should take acid-reducing drugs for a long time, sometimes for 2 years, but it should be remembered that Omez, Omeprazole, Kvamatel or other drugs from this group do not treat diseases of the digestive tract, but only reduce content of hydrochloric acid in gastric juice. In order to cure gastrointestinal disease, it is necessary to take drugs from other groups.

The main cause of PPI withdrawal syndrome is monotherapy, when patients drink only medications to reduce acidity. But the acid-reducing effect lasts about 14 hours, and without additional medication, the previous level of stomach ph is restored after 3 days. Consider how the withdrawal syndrome manifests itself in the drugs of this group.

"Omeprazole"

With monotherapy with Omeprazole, 1–3 days after abrupt discontinuation of the drug, a violation of the digestive tract caused by high acidity is possible.

It is impossible to say how long the deterioration of well-being will last. According to patients, discomfort in the stomach disappears after taking antacids and enveloping agents or after resuming treatment with proton pump inhibitors.

"Omez"

The drug is a structural analogue of "Omeprazole", and the o syndrome is also accompanied by heartburn, pain and other gastrointestinal disorders.

"Kvamatel"

The drug not only reduces the secretion of hydrochloric acid, but also significantly changes the composition of gastric juice. Its action lasts 10–12 hours and improves digestive function, relieving a person of signs of an increase in gastric ph.

Digestive disorders appear with a sharp cessation of medication.

"Nolpaza"

The drug is intended to reduce gastric secretion and helps to quickly reduce signs of hyperacidity in the stomach. The drug is well tolerated by patients and helps after the 1st or 2nd dose of the drug.

Not compatible with antiviral agents. In the treatment of "Nolpazoy" withdrawal syndrome occurs only if the drug is abruptly canceled. With a gradual decrease in the dose of discomfort after discontinuation does not occur.

"Ultop"

The drug can be taken for a long time as maintenance therapy to protect the gastric mucosa from the harmful effects of drugs that increase the production of hydrochloric acid or to reduce the hypersecretion of the gastric glands.

If the drug was used to reduce gastric acidity in case of illness, then a sharp cessation of the drug leads to poor digestion, the appearance of pain and heartburn.

Indications for use

The main effect of the drug is the suppression of the synthesis of hydrochloric acid, the elimination of excessive secretion against the background of food intake.

Main indications:

• pain in the stomach;
• gastroduodenitis;
• pancreatitis;
• low pressure;
• atrophic gastritis;
• mastocytosis;
• Ellison's systemic syndrome;
• peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum;
• adenomatosis polyendocrine;
• esophageal ulcer;
• carcinogenic adenoma;
• heartburn;
• gas formation;
• belching;
• nausea;
• bad taste in the mouth.

With these diseases, there is an excessive production of gastric juice, which inevitably destroys the mucous membrane, forming erosion and ulcers.

Omeprazole in tablets is prescribed for any pathology of the gastrointestinal tract, which led to an increase in the production of gastric juice, an increase in the concentration of organic acids.

The drug contributes to:

• decrease in acidity in the stomach;
• suppression of Helicobacter pylori bacteria;
• improvement of general well-being;
• elimination of pain, dyspepsia.

The most common appointment is gastritis, peptic ulcer against the background of increased acidity in the stomach. The use of omeprazole capsules will help with heartburn, although in cases of relapse it should be taken under the supervision of a doctor.

The effect on heartburn after taking the drug is observed after 3-4 days, and the primary relief - after 1 day.

Portability of Omeprazole is excellent. The risks of side effects are minimal.

Intravenous administration of the drug in injections is possible in the treatment of:

• reflux esophagitis;
• peptic ulcer and 12 duodenal ulcer.

Omeprazole eliminates dyspepsia well and can be used for a long time - up to 0.5 years. Doctors recommend taking the drug in case of discomfort after eating, alcohol poisoning to relieve pain, burning, and other discomfort.

Contraindications for use

The use of Omeprazole is excluded when:

• pancreatitis;
• individual intolerance;
• pregnancy, which can negatively affect the formation of the digestive tract in the baby, cause disorders.

It is forbidden to give the drug to children under 5 years of age with a body weight of not more than 20 kg due to difficulty swallowing capsules.

In some cases, it is possible to prescribe together with antibiotics during complex therapy by opening the capsules, mixing with a liquid (yogurt, water).

The drug can be given to a child, but it is extremely important to keep the situation under control and it is better to consult a doctor first.

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General information about the disease

Pancreatitis is an inflammatory process that develops in the pancreas.

The disease can take two forms:

1. Acute. In this case, self-digestion of the organ occurs, i.e. The pancreas, this occurs with excessive production of pancreatic juice, while its outflow is simultaneously disturbed. Also, the disease can be caused by damage in acinar cells (abdominal trauma, operations in the gastrointestinal tract, allergies, intoxication, pregnancy), which are responsible for the production of digestive enzymes.
2. Chronic. In primary pancreatitis, inflammation is formed in the gland itself, the secondary form of the disease is possible with pathologies in the digestive organs (ulcer, cholecystitis, gastritis).

With a long acute course, without treatment and prevention, the disease passes into the chronic stage. The latter occurs in two stages: remission and exacerbation.

To maintain the patient's condition, reduce symptomatic manifestations, Omeprazole 20 is prescribed, i.e. pills for stomach and heartburn.

Useful information about first aid during an attack of pancreatitis, read the article.

Instructions for use

The use of the drug is aimed at reducing the production of gastric juice secretion, therefore, in some cases, the use may become inappropriate.
Only on the basis of the diagnosis, general well-being and existing symptoms, the dosages prescribed by the attending physician, the course of application (before or after meals) will depend.

It is advisable to first consult with a gastroenterologist about the rules for using the drug.

For example, a stomach ulcer during an exacerbation is treated by taking 20 mg immediately before meals in the morning 1 time per day. The capsule must be swallowed whole with water.

Reference! Opening of capsules is unacceptable. The course of treatment is 2-4 weeks. In case of poor healing of ulcers, it is possible to increase the dosage to 40 mg. If scarring does not happen this way, then it is possible to extend the treatment course up to 8-9 weeks.

Often a drug is prescribed for the prevention of stomach ulcers. To avoid possible exacerbations, the permissible dosage is 20 mg per day.

Attention! Only course treatment can lead to proper results, achieve remission. If gastritis is detected and the level of acidity of gastric juice is increased, then the dosage per day is not more than 20 mg. The course of treatment is 2-3 weeks.

The main purpose of the drug is to neutralize unpleasant symptoms, normalize the production of hydrochloric acid. If, after the course of treatment, the problem does not go away, then it is possible to increase the dosage, but with the permission of the doctor.

The drug is often prescribed for heartburn, but it is permissible to use it only in an emergency and at a dose of no more than 10 mg per day, the duration of the treatment course is 2 weeks. It is important to understand that the drug can lead to a cumulative effect.

If taken without the permission of a doctor in order to get rid of heartburn, then the use should not be more than 5 days in a row. In the future, it is advisable to visit a doctor, undergo an examination to correct subsequent therapy.

How to avoid complications

In order to prevent the development of these pathologies, first of all, it is necessary to adhere to the course of treatment prescribed by the doctor (including following a diet, regimen and taking all prescribed drugs according to the scheme). If at the end of the course the symptoms of the disease remain, this is not a reason to uncontrollably continue taking omeprazole. It is necessary to seek advice from your doctor and undergo an additional examination. Perhaps the pathology was misdiagnosed, and it must be treated with other drugs.

To reduce the negative impact of long-term therapy with PPIs, breaks between courses of at least 2-3 weeks will help (so that the body can remove the substances accumulated during the treatment). If necessary, during these periods, you can drink antacids (Almagel, Maalox) to protect the gastric mucosa from the aggressive effects of acid.

It is very dangerous to take Omeprazole for a long time without interruption, this is fraught with the development of serious pathologies.. The most reasonable alternative to the long-term use of this remedy is a thorough examination of the body and compliance with all the recommendations of the attending physician. If you strictly adhere to the prescribed diet, take all prescribed medications in a timely manner and according to the scheme, follow preventive measures, you can achieve a stable remission or a complete cure for gastrointestinal diseases. In this case, the need to take Omeprazole will disappear by itself.

Overdose

If you neglect the doctor's prescriptions, violate the rules for taking and dosing the drug, then there may be an intolerance to the components of the drug and cases of overdose with side effects:

• muscle weakness;
• myalgia;
• headache;
• rash, redness, itching on the skin;
• vomiting, nausea;
• diarrhea;
• failure of liver function;
• depression;
• stress;
• increased sweating;
• deviations in the composition of the blood;
• atrophic gastritis

If you take the drug in acceptable doses with an increased level of acidity, then an overdose is extremely rare.

Only when the dose is exceeded over 60 mg per day, drowsiness, fever throughout the body, confusion, tachycardia, dryness of the mucous membrane in the nose and mouth, difficulty breathing, visual impairment may occur.

Omeprazole is rapidly absorbed into the blood within 1 hour and dialysis is already becoming ineffective. Although, with confusion and poor health, of course, one cannot do without an urgent appeal to specialists.

Side effects

If the indicated dosage of Omeprazole is not observed or against the background of individual hypersensitivity, the following adverse reactions may occur:

1. From the digestive system: flatulence, abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, perversion of taste sensations, dryness of the oral mucosa, stomatitis.
2. From the musculoskeletal system: muscle pain, arthralgia, myasthenia gravis.
3. From the nervous system: headache, dizziness, excessive emotional arousal, depression, encephalopathy, sleep disturbances (insomnia).
4. On the part of the skin: in rare cases, a person develops photosensitivity, alopecia, pruritus and rash.
5. Reactions of an allergic nature: against the background of taking Omeprazole, angioedema, bronchospasm, anaphylactic shock, fever, urticaria may develop.
6. Concomitant reactions: in rare cases, there may be swelling of the extremities, decreased visual acuity, excessive sweating, general malaise and gynecomastia (in men).

How long can you take

The duration of therapy with this drug should not exceed the period specified in the official instructions. The need to increase the duration of treatment is determined by the attending physician.

Continuous use of the substance should not exceed 2 consecutive months. Otherwise, the risk of developing negative consequences increases.

Interaction with other drugs

Features of co-administration of Omeprazole with other drugs:

• The elimination half-life will be increased if Omeprazole is used in conjunction with anticoagulants.(Phenytoin, Sibazon, Warfarin, Diazepam).
• Omeprazole is well combined when used per day no more than 20 mg in combination with the drug - Phenytoin when the concentration in the blood of the latter does not change.
• The bioavailability of the drug at the time of absorption can be changed, if taken together with Ampicillin, Itraconazole, Ketoconazole, iron salts.
• The drug does not interact with antacids and Propranolol, Diclofenac, Naproxen, Cyclosporine, Lidocaine, Quinidine, Ethanol, Estradiol, Diclofenac.
• The inhibitory effect on the circulatory system will be enhanced, and the concentration in the blood is increased when using omeprazole with antibiotics (Amoxicillin, Metronidazole, Clarithromycin, Digoxin).
• Co-administration of omeprazole with intravenous administration can lead to an increase in the pH of gastric juice.
• Omeprazole is not recommended together with Ritonavir, Atazanavir to avoid a possible increase in blood levels.
• It is advisable to reduce the dose of omeprazole by half when administered together with voriconazole.
• Decreased absorption of iron esters of ampicillin observed when Omeprazole is combined with Ketoconazole, Itraconazole and an increase in blood concentration when used with Phenytoin, Clarithromycin, Diazepam.

Alcohol compatibility

The proton pump inhibitor in the composition of Omeprazole contributes to the rapid suppression of the secretion of gastric juice, if you read the instructions for use, then the possible danger in combination with alcoholic beverages is not indicated.

This means that joint application is possible.

However, if you take an analogue of Nexium, then the manifestation of side effects is possible:

• diarrhea;
• depression;
• allergy;
• overexcitation;
• nausea, vomiting;
• possible development of hepatitis with excessive imbalance of liver function.

Omeprazole can adversely affect the liver. And if combined together with strong drinks, then there may be an excessive burden on the body, stress with regular long-term use of alcohol.

And, in particular, with the use of Omeprazole, fatty hepatosis is ensured and even doctors say this, and the patient may be completely unaware of the disease and only random examinations can confirm the diagnosis.

Monastic stomach tea - with gastritis, ulcers, heartburn and general health promotion!

Learn more>>>

Children taking medicine

In the instructions for the drug, children's age is indicated as a contraindication to admission. However, in rare cases, the attending physician may prescribe Omeprazole to a small patient. As a rule, it is prescribed to children older than two years (some doctors - not earlier than four or five years), calculating the dose depending on the weight of the child.

You can give medicine to a child by opening the capsule and mixing its contents with applesauce. There is also a suspension form of release, which can be fed to a child quite easily.

It is worth recalling once again that the indications for taking Omeprazole for children are very serious diseases, and a competent doctor should make a decision about this.

"Omeprazole" is a drug tested by millions of patients, which, subject to all medical prescriptions, rarely causes negative reactions from the body. However, side effects occur in a few percent of people taking the drug.

As a rule, all symptoms are reversible and disappear a few days after the end of the drug. If you suspect that a reaction to the drug has occurred, you should immediately consult a doctor who will choose an analogue for the treatment of the disease.

Use during pregnancy and lactation

Following the instructions for use, omeprazole is contraindicated in women during pregnancy, regardless of the trimester.
The main component of the drug quickly crosses the placenta, has a negative effect on the development and condition of the fetus, also during breastfeeding.

Despite the lack of studies, it is not recommended to take the drug.

Exclusively in case of acute vital necessity and only with the permission of the attending physician

Combination with alcohol

It is categorically not recommended to take Omeprazole simultaneously with alcoholic drinks (primarily because the treatment of all diseases that are indications for the use of Omeprazole requires a complete abstinence from alcohol and a strict diet).

In addition, the interaction of alcohol and the active substance omeprazole can provoke the occurrence of severe side effects, and will also give a significant additional burden on the liver and kidneys.

Read more in the article: Omeprazole and alcohol - compatibility.

Application in childhood

According to the instructions, the use of Omeprazole in children under 5 years of age is prohibited. Only if a tumor is detected in the pancreas is it possible to prescribe the drug, but taking into account the weight of the child and under the supervision of a specialist.

Application is possible only with a mass of more than 10 kg.

Indications:

• heartburn;
• reflux esophagitis;
• Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.

The use of omeprazole in children is indicated from the age of 4 for a comprehensive treatment course in the detection of peptic ulcer. Permissible doses - 5 mg per day with a weight of up to 10 kg, 10 mg - with a weight of up to 20 kg, 20 mg with a weight of over 20 kg.

The use of the drug is possible only in cases where the intended benefit is much higher than the possible risks from the therapy.

Contraindications

In most cases, this drug is well tolerated by the body. People with liver and kidney failure deserve special attention.

In this case, the tool is used with caution. The official instructions for the drug contain the following contraindications:

• During pregnancy and breastfeeding;
• children's age up to 5 years (conditional contraindication);
• individual intolerance to the components of the drug.

special instructions

The reaction of the body may be inadequate to any substance, in particular the components of Omeprazole.

The drug should be used with caution in case of:

• pregnancy, breastfeeding;
• gastritis with low acidity;
• atrophic gastritis;
• oncology;
• osteoporosis;
• pathological manifestations in the kidneys, liver;
• salmonellosis;
• dysfunctions of the digestive tract.

Possible side effects: bloating, upset stool, nausea, vomiting.

Why do we need Latin

A prescription form is an instruction for a pharmacist that states:

• the name of the drug;
• release form;
• dosage (in mg);
• the number of doses required;
• application rules.

Latin is considered the international language for the designation of pharmacological drugs and medical terms. A prescription in Latin for the drug Omeprazole will be understandable in any country in the world, just go to the pharmacy and present the prescription form.

Not all doctors follow the traditions, sometimes you can get a written prescription for Omeprazole in Russian.

The advantage of Latin when writing prescriptions is that with its help, on a relatively small form, it is possible to describe the necessary information about the drug.

Analogues

A number of analogues contain the same active substance and all of them are proton pump inhibitors. They may well replace Omeprazole, suppress the level of gastric secretion and the release of pepsin. These are inexpensive drugs, but give quick results.

Analogues from Russian manufacturers or close substitutes are distinguished by high popularity among patients:

1. Ultop with the active substance - Omeprazole as an antiulcer agent for inhibiting the activity of ATPase in the cells of the stomach, blocking the production of hydrochloric acid, and the concentration of basal secretion. Indicated for use in gastric ulcer, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, non-ulcer dyspepsia, gastroesophageal reflux. Price 148-337 rubles.
2. pantoprazole, as a means to eliminate disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, the active ingredient, a derivative of benzimidazole. The main purpose is the treatment of reflux disease, the elimination of unpleasant signs of heartburn, acid reflux, pain when swallowing. Price - 110-170 rubles for 30 capsules with a pack of 10.20 mg.
3. Ortanol with active omeprazole, an antiulcer inhibitor for the treatment of gastric ulcers, systemic mastocytosis, polyendocrine adenomatosis, uninfected duodenal ulcer. Price - 107-112 rub.(10 mg, 20 mg).
4. Omepradex, to suppress gastric secretion and block hydrochloric acid. It is indicated for gastroesophageal disease, hypersecretory condition, peptic ulcer of the stomach, non-ulcer dyspepsia. Price - 120-135 rub.
5. Gastrosol- anti-ulcer proton pump inhibitor with the active ingredient - omeprazole to reduce the level of basal, stimulated secretion regardless of the stimulus, blocking the production of hydrochloric acid. Price for 14 capsules - 80 rub., 28 capsules - 130 rub.
6. Omez, antiulcer for the treatment of stomach ulcers, 12 duodenal ulcers. Perhaps the appointment in combination with antibiotics. Average price in Moscow - 110-180 rub.
7. Gasek from Switzerland to suppress the secretion of hydrochloric acid. Available in capsules, vials. Reduces acid production, is considered highly effective, versatile and affordable. Cost in Ukraine - 180 hryvnia.
8. omephez with the appointment of reflux esophagitis, polyendocrine adenomatosis, mastocytosis, systemic NSAID gastropathy, hypersecretory conditions. Active substitutes Omeprazole Shtpda, Omeprazole Akri. Price - 20-57 rub.
9. Losek with active omeprazole. An antiulcer drug with a release form - a lyophilizate for the preparation of infusion solutions. Suppresses the secretion of hydrochloric acid, inhibits the proton pump of parietal cells in the stomach, reduces the production of secretion. Significant cost - within 1800 rub.
10. Omitox, proton pump to block the synthesis of hydrochloric acid. It treats peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum, restores secretory activity completely after 3-5 days. Price 87-92 rub.
11. Promez- active substance (omeprazole). Rapid absorption from the gastrointestinal tract is observed after 1 hour. Bioavailability - up to 40%, plasma protein binding - 90%. Indicated for use in reflux esophagitis, ulcers with Helicobacter pylori, erosive lesions of the duodenum. Price - 20-57 rub.
12. Crosacid- an ATPase inhibitor to block the secretion of hydrochloric acid. Treats peptic ulcer caused by Helicobacter pylori, increases the sensitivity of bacteria to antibiotics. This is an antimicrobial agent with an appointment for stomach ulcers, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, reflux esophagitis. Price - 98 rub.
13. Pariet to reduce the secretion of the gastric glands with the active substance - Rabeprazole, to suppress the secretion of basal secretion juice, regardless of the stimulus that caused it. Price - 330 rub.
14. Nolpaza- a hypoacid medication with the active ingredient - Pantoprazole (a derivative of benzimidazole) to block the hydrophilic secretion of hydrogen chloride in the stomach, to suppress the stimulated basal production of hydrochloric acid. Shown orally. Price - 120 rub.(20 mg), per pack of 14 180 rub.
15. Rabeprazole- antiulcer agent with complete absorption after 3 hours. They are prescribed for stomach ulcers, gastritis, relapses of peptic ulcers caused by Helicobacter pylori, gastroesophageal disease. Price in Moscow - 200 rub. for 20 mg.
16. De-nol- antiulcer, gastroprotective, antibacterial composition. Refers to the adsorbent. Promotes the formation of a protective film on the gastric mucosa, the formation of special compounds to cover damaged areas. It becomes a barrier to the mucosa, stimulates acid synthesis, reduces the activity of gastric pepsin, and has an antimicrobial effect. It is prescribed for chronic gastritis, gastroduodenitis, duodenal ulcer. Price - 570 rub. for 56 pieces, 250 rub. for 112 pcs.

De-Nol

Gastrosol

Crosacid

Omepradex

Omitox

Losek

Nolpaza

Omez

Pariet

Ortanol

Pantoprazole

Promez

Rabeprazole

Ultop

The price of the drug and its analogues

Despite its effectiveness, omeprazole cannot be called an expensive drug. Capsules and tablets can be purchased at Russian pharmacies at a price of 30 to 180 rubles on average. Such a spread in prices is due to the fact that each manufacturer of this drug establishes its price.

Also, the price depends on the pharmacy chain in which the medicine is sold. In addition to drugs called Omeprazole, in our pharmacies you can find analogues of this drug with the same active ingredient, but under different trade names. The most famous analogue of Omeprazole is undoubtedly Omez, its price is a little more expensive than Russian cheap capsules and tablets. Other drugs include:

• Gastrozol,
• Bioprazol,
• Omezol,
• Losek,
• omephez,
• Ulzol and others.

When replacing Omeprazole with its analogue, be sure to consult your doctor, because even analogues may have different excipients and different contraindications. Therefore, you should not do it yourself, guided by someone else's reviews and advice.

Pantoprazole and Omeprazole - which is better?

Omeprazole perfectly treats diseases associated with increased production of gastric secretions. Pantoprazole, as an analogue, is more affordable. Although antisecretory activity, the therapeutic effect is more reduced, in particular in the treatment of peptic ulcers of the stomach, esophagitis.

If you choose between 2 drugs, then you should give preference to Omeprazole, since it can be used in combination with drugs: Clopidogrel, Citalopram.

Which is better - Nolpaza or Omeprazole?

Nolpaza, the active ingredient is Rabeprazole, but the effectiveness when compared with Omeprazole is the same. According to patients' reviews, Nolpaza is a safer drug, since it has the maximum number of side effects.

The use of omeprazole is effective in excess gastric juice in order to eliminate gastritis, heartburn to relieve unpleasant symptoms.

But with low acidity, it is unreasonable to use the drug, which can only lead to an aggravation of the course of the disease due to excessive suppression of the production of gastric juice.

Omeprazole is considered a gastroprotective drug, well eliminates the symptoms of heartburn. In other cases, it is unreasonable to apply. It may be worth giving preference to other effective and popular generic analogues.

The drug eliminates problems with the stomach, prevents the development of complications, the re-emergence of unpleasant symptoms.

This is a modern antisecretory remedy that allows you to quickly cope with the inflammatory course in the upper gastrointestinal tract, suppress hydrochloric acid or reduce its activation.

Omeprazole is an excellent level of the impact of Helicobacter pylori microorganisms on the gastrointestinal tract, leading to gastritis, peptic ulcer. The medicine perfectly improves well-being and reduces the likelihood of side effects later.

Only a specialist can adjust the therapy taking into account the severity of the pathology, the patient's condition. It is possible to increase the dosage, for example, when Zollinger-Ellison syndrome is detected, up to 60-120 mg 2 times a day. But with liver diseases, it is not recommended to exceed the dosage of more than 20 mg per day.

This drug has generics with identical chemical compounds, although prices vary significantly.

Given the reviews, Omeprazole's tolerability is good. Patients claim that it is advisable to use it for various disorders in the digestive tract. Moreover, omeprazole capsules well eliminate heartburn immediately after the first application, treat gastritis and ulcers.

However, side effects are possible. It is necessary to use the drug strictly according to the instructions, do not neglect therapeutic doses, and it is best to first consult a doctor before use.

Reception of "Omeprazole" by special groups of patients

The list of contraindications for the drug includes children's age. However, an absolute ban on use exists only up to four years. After that, if there are serious medical indications, "Omeprazole" can be included in the therapy, even if the patient is not yet eighteen.

As for taking the medicine by expectant mothers, the principle of an individual approach also applies here. "Omeprazole" belongs to group C (drugs whose safety for the unborn child has not been proven), which can be prescribed only if the benefit to the mother's health outweighs the potential threat to the baby.

However, as practice shows, if the dosage of the drug prescribed by the doctor is observed, Omeprazole did not affect the development of the baby in any way. Of course, even in the case of medical indications, it should not be taken before the second trimester of pregnancy.

Omeprazole has the ability to penetrate into breast milk, so it is recommended to transfer the child to artificial feeding for the duration of treatment with drugs containing omeprazole.

Summing up, we can say that "Omeprazole" is a long-known, well-established drug. However, it should be taken only as prescribed by a doctor, since it is a potent drug that, if mishandled, can be harmful to health.

In addition, self-treatment of discomfort in the stomach area can be dangerous - sometimes these same symptoms indicate the presence of a malignant tumor, the success of the treatment of which depends on how early it was detected and taken measures.

When was this drug first introduced?

Omeprazole is the first drug in a series of proton pump inhibitors. It was developed by a Swedish pharmaceutical company in 1988. After the appearance on the market of such an effective remedy, other companies began a rapid race to develop analogues of Omeprazole. But, despite the abundance of proton pump inhibitors on the market, today omeprazole is one of the main drugs for the treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.

In addition, the drug inhibits the vital activity of the main causative agent of peptic ulcer - the bacterium Helicobacter pylori.

How to properly store medicine

The shelf life of "Omeprazole" in capsules is not too long. It is allowed to take this medicine for the treatment of diseases of the digestive system within a year from the date of issue. The expired product is disposed of. Store this medication in a dark, dry place where pets or children cannot reach it.

In most cases, this medicine is kept at home simply in the medicine cabinet. However, people undergoing treatment with its use should keep in mind, among other things, that at room temperatures above 25 ° C, the drug may lose its qualities. Therefore, in the summer, in the heat, it is advisable to transfer capsules or tablets to the refrigerator.

Duration of treatment with omeprazole

So, how long can you drink Omeprazole? The answer to this question is quite individual. By controlling the processes of secretion of gastric juice, the medical agent significantly alleviates the patient's condition in cases where it is produced too much. Since this problem is chronic, many people take this medicine regularly, and many are wondering if this is fraught with a deterioration in the condition?

Experts strongly recommend that you carefully follow the course of treatment, since only an experienced gastroenterologist can competently compose it, without compromising health. If necessary, this doctor may extend the course of therapy by indicating lower dosages of this medicine. Nevertheless, it is worth remembering that an integrated approach is very important to eliminate peptic ulcers, since one medicine cannot cure this pathology.

Proton pump inhibitors are prescribed courses. So, with peptic ulcer, the duration of the use of Omeprazole is 4-8 weeks, it is prescribed as part of complex therapy. As time passes, the effectiveness of the antiulcer therapy performed is evaluated, if the treatment turned out to be ineffective, then another treatment regimen with new drugs is prescribed.

For the treatment of reflux esophagitis, omeprazole is taken for 6-8 weeks. If necessary, a second course of Omeprazole may be prescribed in the future, however, breaks should be taken between courses of treatment.

In the treatment of erosive forms of GERD, the doctor may prescribe treatment with Omeprazole for a long period of time - several months or even years. However, in such a situation, it is important to assess all the risks and take into account the potential harm from long-term use of omeprazole.

The problem is that omeprazole is an over-the-counter drug. And as practice shows, very often consumers take this drug without a doctor's prescription. For example, as soon as heartburn appears, you need to take Omeprazole, and so almost every day. Such uncontrolled and prolonged use of Omeprazole can lead to bad consequences.

It is necessary to regularly evaluate the risk-benefit ratio of taking omeprazole. Long-term use of the drug is not recommended. The safest courses of treatment lasting no more than two months.

With prolonged use of omeprazole (more than 1 year), the following diseases may occur:

1. Myopathy.
2. Anemia.
3. Liver failure.
4. Renal failure.
5. Gastric polyposis.
6. Neuropathy.
7. Peripheral edema.
8. Gynecomastia.

If you constantly take omeprazole, it can cause acquired dementia and early heart attacks. The use of the drug leads to the accumulation of protein aggregates by the cells of the body, which prevents them from performing their functions. This speeds up the process of cellular aging. First of all, the brain, heart and kidneys of a person suffer from it.

Long-term treatment with omeprazole reduces the absorption of vitamin B12, iron. The use of the drug reduces the level of magnesium in the blood. This is manifested by the appearance of convulsions, arrhythmias, tremors in the muscles.

Regular artificial lowering of the acidity of the stomach increases the risk of developing all kinds of infections - both intestinal and extraintestinal.

If omeprazole is taken by the elderly, long-term treatment with the drug can cause a decrease in the level of calcium in the bones and, consequently, fractures. Therefore, older patients are advised to ensure that sufficient amounts of vitamin D and calcium are supplied to the body.

A dangerous reaction is caused by taking more than 200 mg of a substance per day. If the maximum daily dose of the drug is exceeded, drowsiness, increased sweating, headaches, blurred vision, dry mouth are possible. Often there is dizziness, confusion, tachycardia, flatulence. With timely therapy, the symptoms disappear after 3 hours.

If you notice any of the above symptoms, to improve the condition of the victim, immediately give him first aid and call an ambulance. First of all, you need to wash your stomach. This procedure will be effective if less than 4 hours have passed since taking omeprazole.

Before inducing vomiting, let the victim drink several glasses of salted water (4 teaspoons of salt per glass of water). Save the vomit - collect it in a container and hand it over to the ambulance staff for examination. After emptying the stomach, patients should take activated charcoal in the calculation: 1 tablet per 10 kg of the patient's weight.

At the end of the necessary procedures, put the victim to bed, give him a comfortable position that prevents vomit from entering the respiratory tract. Keep the empty packs of omeprazole and have them examined by your doctor. Also, the doctor will need information about the time of taking the increased dose of the drug.

An overdose of omeprazole causes various toxic reactions. In any case, vital organs are affected - the liver, kidneys, heart. An overdose in children is especially dangerous. In exceptional cases, it can cause death. Acute overdose may cause convulsions.

Drug poisoning: tips on how to protect your children.

The medical drug omeprazole is prescribed for the treatment and prevention of diseases of the internal organs in the digestive tract system.

It purposefully suppresses the process of secretion of hydrochloric acid in the stomach, reduces its activity. The medicinal qualities of the drug are able to manifest only in an acidic environment, which is characteristic of the stomach. Once in it, it begins to regulate the process of secretion of gastric juice. That is why omeprazole is used to treat and prevent diseases associated with high acidity.

An overdose of Omeprazole can occur in any patient, since this drug is widely used in clinical medicine and in self-treatment. Timely first aid allows you to quickly eliminate the symptoms of this pathological condition, normalize the patient's well-being and avoid many unpleasant consequences.

The wide spread of gastrointestinal pathologies, chronic forms of gastritis and peptic ulcer contributed to the frequent cases of self-treatment of such diseases. In this regard, the question of the occurrence of adverse reactions and overdose of medications that reduce the acidity of gastric juice is acute.

An overdose of "Omeprazole" is a relatively rare condition that occurs when taking a large dosage of this medication. However, each person who takes such a remedy should be aware of the symptoms of drug poisoning and first aid directions.

The causes of overdose in children and adults are different. Adult patients usually take a large dose of the drug by mistake, confusing it with some other drug or when trying to commit suicide. However, it is important to note that a lethal outcome is not possible.

Children often take a large number of capsules or tablets when they accidentally find a medication. Therefore, it is necessary to store all medicines in a place inaccessible to them.

How many Omeprazole tablets should I take for an overdose? This is a very important question.

When using a high dose of the drug (more than 12-14 tablets), the patient may experience the following negative symptoms of an overdose of Omeprazole:

What side effects can the drug give?

The medicine "Omeprazole" has any negative effect on the patient's body quite rarely. However, like any other medical drug, this remedy can still cause side effects. Most often, patients taking this medicine experience:

• diarrhea, constipation, nausea;
• muscle weakness;
• dizziness, headache, drowsiness or insomnia, depression, in severe cases - hallucinations;
• leukopenia or thrombocytopenia;
• itching, urticaria, bronchospasm.

Also, in patients undergoing treatment with this drug, peripheral edema, visual disturbances, and fever were recorded. During long-term treatment with this drug, the patient may develop, among other things, gastric glandular cysts. They are caused due to inhibition of the secretion of hydrochloric acid and are benign.

INN: Omeprazole

Manufacturer: Open Joint Stock Company "Borisov Plant of Medical Preparations" (JSC "BZMP")

Anatomical-therapeutic-chemical classification: Omeprazole

Registration number in the Republic of Kazakhstan: No. RK-LS-5 No. 121776

Registration period: 30.10.2015 - 30.10.2020

ALO (Included in the Free Outpatient Drug Supply List)

ED (Included in the List of drugs in the framework of the guaranteed volume of medical care, subject to purchase from a single distributor)

Instruction

Tradename

Omeprazole

International non-proprietary name

Omeprazole

Dosage form

Capsules 20 mg

Compound

Each capsule contains:

active substance - omeprazole (in the form of 8.5% omeprazole pellets) - 20 mg;

Excipients - mannitol, sucrose, calcium carbonate, lactose, disodium hydrogen orthophosphate, sodium lauryl sulfate, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, methacrylic acid L30D, propylene glycol, cetyl alcohol, sodium hydroxide, polysorbate 80, povidone S-630, titanium dioxide (E 171).

Capsule composition: titanium dioxide (E 171), methyl parahydroxybenzoate, propyl parahydroxybenzoate, gelatin.

Description

Capsules hard gelatin No. 0 cylindrical shape with hemispherical ends, white.

The contents of the capsules are white or almost white pellets.

Farmacotherapeutic group

Preparations for the treatment of diseases associated with impaired acidity. Antiulcer drugs and drugs for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux (GORD). proton pump inhibitors. Omeprazole.

ATH code: A02BC01.

Pharmacological properties

Pharmacokinetics

After oral administration, it is rapidly and almost completely absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Bioavailability is 30 - 40% due to the effect of "first pass" through the liver. After administration at a dose of 40 mg, the maximum plasma concentration is 1.26 ± 0.41 μg / ml and is reached after 1.38 ± 0.32 hours. With repeated injections, bioavailability increases to 60%.

In the blood, it is 95% bound to plasma proteins (albumin, acid α1-glycoprotein). The volume of distribution is 0.2 - 0.5 l / kg.

It is metabolized in the liver with the participation of cytochrome P450 CYP2C19 with the formation of 6 inactive metabolites: hydroxyomeprazole, sulfide and sulfonic derivatives of omeprazole. The R-enantiomer of omeprazole acts as an inhibitor of its own metabolism, reducing the activity of CYP2C19. In the European population, 3-5% of people have defective CYP2C19 genes (slowly metabolize omeprazole). In the Asian population, the proportion of slow metabolizers is 4 times higher.

It is excreted mainly by the kidneys in the form of metabolites (72-80%) and through the intestines (18-23%). The total clearance is 7.14 - 8.57 ml / min / kg. The elimination half-life in people with normal liver function is 0.5-1 hour, with chronic liver failure it can increase up to 3 hours. In chronic renal failure, the elimination of omeprazole decreases in proportion to the decrease in creatinine clearance.

Elderly patients may slow down the metabolism of omeprazole and increase its bioavailability.

Pharmacodynamics

Omeprazole has an antisecretory effect.

The mechanism of action is associated with the ability of omeprazole to block the work of the "proton" pump H + / K + -ATPase. After oral administration, the omeprazole capsule dissolves in the acidic contents of the stomach and releases pellets (microgranules). Pellets enter the duodenum, where omeprazole is isolated in an alkaline environment. After absorption with blood flow, omeprazole enters the gastric mucosa and the lumen of the tubules of parietal cells, where there is an acidic environment (pH<3,0), окисляется в активную форму - сульфенамид-омепразола (SA-O). SA-O связывает SH-группы Н+/K+-АТФазы в канальцах париетальных клеток и необратимо блокирует работу фермента. Это приводит к нарушению последней стадии процесса образования соляной кислоты желудочного сока.

Omeprazole dose-dependently reduces the level of basal and stimulated (postprandial) secretion of gastric juice, reduces the total volume of gastric secretion, the release of pepsin, and effectively inhibits both nocturnal and daytime secretion of gastric juice.

After a single dose of 20 mg, the maximum plasma concentration is reached after 1-3 hours. Inhibition of stimulated secretion by 50% persists for 24 hours, while the level of intragastric pH> 3.0 persists for 17 hours. A stable decrease in secretion develops by the 4th day of therapy. The ability of parietal cells to produce hydrochloric acid is restored 2 to 3 days after stopping omeprazole.

Omeprazole is concentrated in the parietal cells of the gastric glands and has a cytoprotective effect (stimulates the secretion of mucus and bicarbonates, the reproduction of epithelial cells, prevents the back diffusion of protons from the lumen of the stomach into its mucosa).

eradication Helicobacter pylori when prescribing omeprazole and antibacterial agents, it is associated with a high frequency of ulcer healing and long-term remission of peptic ulcer. In the treatment of duodenal ulcers for 4 weeks, scarring of the ulcer occurs in 93% of patients, in the treatment of gastric ulcers for 8 weeks, this figure is 96%, scarring of peptic ulcers of the esophagus is achieved in 90% of patients.

Indications for use

Treatment of peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum

prevention of recurrence of duodenal ulcers

gastric ulcer treatment

prevention of recurrence of gastric ulcer

eradication Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in combination with appropriate antibiotics for peptic ulcer disease

treatment of erosive and ulcerative lesions of the stomach and duodenum caused by the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

prevention of peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum, due to the use of NSAIDs, in patients at risk

reflux esophagitis treatment

long-term maintenance therapy to prevent recurrence of erosive esophagitis

treatment of symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux disease

treatment of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

Children over the age of 12:

reflux esophagitis treatment

treatment of duodenal ulcer caused by Helicobacter pylori(as part of complex therapy).

Dosage and administration

It is recommended to take the capsules in the morning, preferably before meals, swallowing whole and drinking half a glass of water, without chewing or crushing the capsule. For patients with swallowing disorders or children, you can open the capsule and take the contents, after mixing it with a small amount of non-carbonated water or a slightly acidic liquid (fruit juice, applesauce), washed down with a small amount of water. The contents of the capsule are mixed with liquid immediately before use or no more than 30 minutes before taking the drug.

Dosage in adults

Treatment of duodenal ulcer

Patients with an active duodenal ulcer are recommended to take omeprazole at a dose of 20 mg once a day. In most patients, ulcer healing occurs within 2 weeks. In cases where complete healing of the ulcer does not occur within 2 weeks, healing is achieved with a subsequent 2-week intake of the drug. Patients with unresponsive duodenal ulcers are usually treated with omeprazole 40 mg once daily; Ulcer healing usually occurs within 4 weeks.

Prevention of exacerbations of peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum

For the prevention of recurrence of duodenal ulcer in patients with a negative test for Helicobacter pylori or in cases where eradication H. pylori not possible, the recommended dose is omeprazole 20 mg once daily. For some patients, a daily dose of 10 mg may be sufficient. In case of unsuccessful therapy, the dose may be increased to 40 mg.

Treatment of gastric ulcer

The recommended dose is omeprazole 20 mg once daily. In most patients, recovery occurs within 4 weeks. In cases where complete healing does not occur after the first course of taking the drug, a repeated 4-week course of treatment is usually prescribed, during which healing is achieved. Patients with gastric ulcers that are not very responsive to treatment are usually prescribed 40 mg of omeprazole once a day; healing is usually achieved within 8 weeks.

Prevention of recurrence of gastric ulcer

To prevent recurrence in patients with gastric ulcers that are not very susceptible to treatment, omeprazole 20 mg once a day is recommended. If necessary, the dose can be increased to 40 mg once a day.

Elimination of Helicobacter pylori in gastric ulcer

It is possible to use different treatment regimens with the choice of antibiotics for a particular patient. Selection should be made in accordance with national, regional and local resistance data and treatment guidelines.

When conducting "triple therapy":

omeprazole 20 mg + clarithromycin 500 mg + amoxicillin 1000 mg each taken twice a day for one week, or

omeprazole 20 mg + clarithromycin 250 mg or 500 mg + metronidazole 400 mg (or 500 mg or tinidazole 500 mg) each taken twice daily for one week, or

omeprazole 40 mg + amoxicillin 500 mg + metronidazole 400 mg (or 500 mg or tinidazole 500 mg), each taken 3 times a day for one week.

After the liquidation Helicobacter pylori further treatment of gastric ulcer should be carried out according to the standard treatment regimen.

In cases where, after therapy, a test for Helicobacter pylori remains positive, the course of treatment can be repeated.

Treatment of NSAID-associated stomach and duodenal ulcers

The recommended dose of the drug is 20 mg once a day. Most patients heal within 4 weeks. In those patients who did not experience a cure during the period of initial therapy, healing is usually achieved with a repeated 4-week dose of the drug.

To prevent NSAID-associatedgastric and duodenal ulcers in patients at risk(age over 60 years, history of gastric and duodenal ulcer, history of gastrointestinal bleeding) The recommended dose is 20 mg of omeprazole once a day.

Treatment of reflux esophagitis

The recommended dose is omeprazole 20 mg once daily. Most patients heal within 4 weeks. In cases where complete healing does not occur after the first course of taking the drug, a repeated 4-week course of treatment is usually prescribed. For patients with severe reflux esophagitis, omeprazole 40 mg once daily is recommended; healing usually occurs within 8 weeks.

For long-term treatment of patients with healed reflux esophagitis(in remission phase) appoint 10 mg of omeprazole per day in the form of long courses of maintenance therapy. If necessary, the dose can be increased to 20-40 mg once a day.

Treatment of symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux disease

If after 4 weeks of daily use of omeprazole 20 mg the symptoms do not disappear, an additional examination of the patient is recommended.

Treatment of Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome

For patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, the drug is prescribed in an individual dosage and treatment is continued according to clinical indications for as long as necessary. The recommended starting dose is 60 mg of omeprazole daily. In all patients with severe disease, as well as in cases where other therapeutic methods have not led to the desired result, the use of the drug was effective in more than 90% of patients when taking 20 mg -120 mg of omeprazole daily. In cases where the daily dose of the drug exceeds 80 mg, the dose should be divided into two parts and taken 2 times a day.

Special populations

For the sick with impaired renal function

For the sick with impaired liver function it is enough to take 10-20 mg of omeprazole per day

For the elderly (over 65 years old) there is no need to adjust the dose.

Dosage for children over 12 years of age

In case of severe reflux esophagitis resistant to other therapies, children weighing more than 20 kg are prescribed 20 mg / day (equivalent to about 1 mg / kg / day). The duration of treatment is 4 - 8 weeks.

For the treatment of duodenal ulcer caused byHelicobacter pylori, children and teenagers the choice of treatment regimen should be made in accordance with national, regional and local guidelines regarding bacterial resistance, duration of treatment (usually 7 days, but sometimes up to 14 days) and appropriate use of antibacterial agents.

Children weighing 15-30 kg: omeprazole 10 mg + amoxicillin 25 mg / kg body weight + clarithromycin 7.5 mg / kg body weight, each drug 2 times / day for one week.

Children weighing 31-40 kg: omeprazole 20 mg + amoxicillin 750 mg + clarithromycin 7.5 mg / kg body weight, each drug 2 times / day for one week.

Children weighing over 40 kg: omeprazole 20 mg + amoxicillin 1000 mg + clarithromycin 500 mg, each drug 2 times / day for one week.

Side effects

Often (≥ 1/100, up to<1/10)

headache

abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhea, flatulence, nausea, vomiting

Uncommon (≥ 1/1000, up to<1/100)

insomnia

dizziness, paresthesia, drowsiness

• increased levels of enzymes in the liver

  dermatitis, itching, rash, urticaria

  malaise, peripheral edema

Rare (≥ 1/10,000, up to<1/1 000)

leukopenia, thrombocytopenia

allergic reactions, eg fever, angioedema

and anaphylactic reaction/shock

hyponatremia

agitation, confusion, depression

taste disturbances

blurred vision

bronchospasm

dry mouth, stomatitis, candidiasis

gastrointestinal tract

hepatitis with or without jaundice

alopecia, photosensitivity

arthralgia, myalgia

interstitial nephritis

excessive sweating

Very rarely (<1/10 000)

agranulocytosis, pancytopenia

hypomagnesemia

aggression, hallucinations

liver failure, encephalopathy in patients with already

existing liver disease

erythema multiforme, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic

epidermal necrolysis (TEN)

muscle weakness

gynecomastia.

The adverse event profile in children aged 0-16 years is generally the same as in adults, both in short-term and long-term treatment.

Contraindications

hypersensitivity to omeprazole, substituted benzimidazoles

or to any of the excipients

children's age up to 12 years

simultaneous use with nelfinavir and / or atazanavir.

Drug Interactions

With simultaneous use with antacids, no clinically significant interactions were noted.

Slows down the absorption of drugs, due to a decrease in absorption - ampicillin, itraconazole, ketoconazole, iron preparations.

Slows down the elimination and enhances the effect of drugs metabolized by cytochrome CYP2C19 - warfarin, diazepam, phenytoin.

Since omeprazole is metabolized by the CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 cytochrome system, the use of drugs that inhibit CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 (for example, clarithromycin and voriconazole) may lead to an increase in the concentration of omeprazole in the blood serum due to a decrease in its metabolism.

Enhances the hematotoxic effect of chloramphenicol, thiamazole (mercasolil), lithium preparations.

Co-administration of omeprazole and clopidogrel leads to a decrease in the therapeutic effect of clopidogrel.

The combined use of omeprazole and digoxin can lead to an increase in the bioavailability of digoxin by 10%. Cases of digitalis intoxication have been described. Caution should be exercised when co-prescribing drugs, especially in elderly patients.

Plasma levels of nelfinavir and atazanavir decrease when co-administered with omeprazole. Simultaneous reception of omeprazole and nelfinavir is contraindicated (see section "Contraindications"). Due to the significant reduction in absorption of posaconazole and erlotinib, this combination should be avoided when co-administered with omeprazole. With simultaneous use with omeprazole, plasma concentrations of saquinavir / ritonavir increase. With the simultaneous administration of omeprazole and tacrolimus, the concentration of tacrolimus in the blood serum increases. It is necessary to monitor the concentration of tacrolimus in the blood serum and kidney function (creatinine clearance). Inducers of microsomal liver enzymes CYP2C19 and / or CYP3A4 (for example, rifampicin and St. John's wort) can reduce the concentration of omeprazole in the blood serum due to an increase in its metabolic rate.

special instructions

If any worrisome symptoms are present (eg, significant unintentional weight loss, repeated vomiting, dysphagia, hematemesis, anemia, or melena), or if a stomach ulcer is present or suspected, malignancy should be ruled out, as treatment may relieve symptoms and delay diagnosis.

The drug contains lactose, therefore patients with congenital galactose intolerance, lactase deficiency or malabsorption of glucose-galactose should not use this drug.

In patients with severe hepatic impairment during treatment with omeprazole, the level of liver enzymes in the blood plasma should be regularly monitored and, if their levels increase, the drug should be discontinued. In patients with impaired liver function, the recommended daily dose should not exceed 20 mg.

There have been reports of the development of symptomatic and asymptomatic hypomagnesemia in patients taking proton pump inhibitors for at least 3 months, in most cases after 1 year of therapy. Serious side effects include tetany, arrhythmias, and seizures. Most patients required magnesium salts and discontinuation of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs).

Co-administration of atazanavir with proton pump inhibitors is not recommended; if such combination therapy is necessary, careful clinical monitoring (for example, viral load) is recommended with an increase in the dose of atazanavir to 400 mg with 100 mg of ritonavir; Do not exceed the daily dose of omeprazole 20 mg.

Omeprazole, like all drugs that block the secretion of hydrochloric acid, can reduce the absorption of vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin) due to hypo- and achlorhydria. This should be taken into account during long-term therapy in patients with low body weight or with an increased risk of reduced absorption of vitamin B12, or if relevant clinical symptoms are observed.

Omeprazole is an inhibitor of CYP2C19. At the beginning or end of treatment with omeprazole, attention should be paid to the potential for interactions with drugs that are metabolized by CYP2C19. An interaction has been observed between clopidogrel and omeprazole. The clinical significance of this interaction is unclear. As a precautionary measure, the simultaneous administration of omeprazole and clopidogrel should not be prescribed.

Treatment with proton pump inhibitors may lead to a slightly increased risk of gastrointestinal infections caused by bacteria such as Salmonella and campylobacter.

In long-term treatment, especially when treated for more than 1 year, patients should be monitored regularly.

Pregnancy and lactation. The results of a number of studies have shown that omeprazole does not adversely affect pregnancy or the health of the fetus / newborn, so omeprazole can be used during pregnancy after a careful analysis of the risk-benefit ratio of the drug.

Omeprazole is excreted in breast milk, however, when using the recommended therapeutic dosages, it does not adversely affect the child.

Influence on the ability to drive vehicles and control mechanisms.

Given the possibility of developing such side effects as dizziness, care must be taken when driving vehicles and working with driving mechanisms.

Overdose

Omeprazole has low toxicity. When used in doses up to 270 mg / day, omeprazole did not cause the development of intoxication. In patients with severe hepatic insufficiency, when administered at extremely high doses, confusion, blurred vision, drowsiness, dry mouth, headache, nausea, tachycardia, and arrhythmias may develop.

Omeprazole is a popular drug from the group of organotropic gastrointestinal drugs used in the treatment of inflammatory and destructive diseases of the digestive system.

It has an active inhibitory effect on the production of hydrochloric acid in the terminal stage of its synthesis. Omeprazole is included in the standard scheme of complex treatment of peptic ulcer.

In this article, we will consider why doctors prescribe Omeprazole, including instructions for use, analogues and prices for this drug in pharmacies. If you have already used Omeprazole, leave feedback in the comments.

Composition and form of release

Clinical and pharmacological group: H+-K+-ATPase inhibitor. Antiulcer drug.

The composition of one capsule includes 20 mg of pellets in terms of omeprazole. Pellets are spherical microgranules. Auxiliary components of pellets: additives E421, E217, E171, E219, E170; dodecyl sulfate and sodium hydrogen phosphate, dodecahydrate, cetyl alcohol, sucrose, hypromelose.

The drug begins to act within the first 60 minutes after administration. The effect persists for the next 24 hours, while it reaches a peak 2 hours after ingestion.

Why is Omeprazole prescribed?

According to the instructions for Omeprazole, the medication is prescribed in such cases:

1. Zollinger-Ellison syndrome;
2. Multiple endocrine adenomatosis;
3. Systemic mast cell leukemia;
4. Prevention of acid aspiration pneumonitis (Mendelssohn's syndrome);
5. Stress ulcers of the gastrointestinal tract;
6. Reflux esophagitis (including erosive);
7. Ulcerative lesions of the stomach and duodenum - during the period of exacerbations, in the prevention of relapses, as well as in the association of these diseases with Helicobacter pylori infection (with complex therapy, including antibacterial drugs).

Also, the drug is prescribed for gastropathy (erosive and ulcerative defects) provoked by the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

pharmachologic effect

Suppresses the secretion of hydrochloric acid in the stomach, being an inhibitor (suppresses the function) of the “proton pump” (the process of exchanging hydrogen ions). The mechanism of antisecretory action is associated with inhibition (suppression of activity) of the enzyme H-K-ATPase (an enzyme that accelerates the exchange of hydrogen ions) in the membranes of the cells of the gastric mucosa, which leads to blocking the final stage of the formation of hydrochloric acid.

As a result, the level of basal (own) and stimulated secretion (secretion of digestive juices) decreases, regardless of the nature of the stimulus. The action of the drug occurs quickly and depends on the dose. After a single dose of 0.02 g of omeprazole, the effect lasts for 24 hours.

Instructions for use

Taking the drug for adults and children over 12 years of age, as a rule, is prescribed in such doses:

1. With exacerbation of peptic ulcer, reflux esophagitis and gastropathy caused by taking NSAIDs - 20 mg 1 time per day. For patients with severe reflux esophagitis, the dose is increased to 40 mg 1 time per day. The course of treatment for duodenal ulcer - 2-4 weeks, if necessary - 4-5 weeks; with gastric ulcer, with reflux esophagitis, with erosive and ulcerative lesions of the gastrointestinal tract caused by taking NSAIDs - within 4-8 weeks.
2. Patients resistant to treatment with other antiulcer drugs are prescribed 40 mg per day. The course of treatment for duodenal ulcer - 4 weeks, for gastric ulcer and reflux esophagitis - 8 weeks.
3. Zollinger-Ellison syndrome: the initial (daily) dose of Omeprazole, applied once in the morning - 60 mg; if necessary, the daily dose is increased to 80-120 mg. The dose must be selected individually, taking into account the reaction of the body. If the daily dose exceeds 80 mg, it must be divided into 2-3 doses.
4. For the prevention of recurrence of peptic ulcer - 10 mg 1 time per day.
5. For the eradication of Helicobacter pylori, "triple" therapy is used (for 1 week: omeprazole 20 mg, amoxicillin 1 g, clarithromycin 500 mg - 2 times a day; or omeprazole 20 mg, clarithromycin 250 mg, metronidazole 400 mg - 2 times a day day; either omeprazole 40 mg 1 time per day, amoxicillin 500 mg and metronidazole 400 mg - 3 times a day) or "dual" therapy (for 2 weeks: omeprazole 20-40 mg and amoxicillin 750 mg - 2 times a day day or omeprazole 40 mg - 1 time per day and clarithromycin 500 mg - 3 times a day or amoxicillin 0.75-1.5 g - 2 times a day).

Dose adjustment of omeprazole in the elderly is not required. Dose adjustment of omeprazole in patients with impaired renal function is not required. In case of impaired liver function, the maximum daily dose of omeprazole is 20 mg.

Contraindications

Among the unconditional contraindications for the use of omeprazole is hypersensitivity to the drug, benzimidazole derivatives (for example, esomeprazole, lansoprazole), or any other component of the pharmacological agent.

Other contraindications to omeprazole may include:

• atrophic gastritis: long-term therapy aggravates the patient's condition;
• oncological tumors - in the chord of the study, a tendency was revealed to increase the size of neoplasms during omeprazole therapy;
• osteoporosis and frequent bone fractures (in some cases, omeprazole may be taken with additional vitamin D intake);
  low levels of magnesium in the blood plasma, the use of omeprazole can provoke a washout of this element.

Before prescribing omeprazole it is necessary to make sure that the patient does not have the following conditions:

• malignant tumors of the stomach: relief of symptoms does not exclude the presence of a malignant neoplasm of the stomach;
• gastrointestinal infections (eg Salmonella, Campylobacter): the use of inhibitors may increase the risk of developing these infections;
• hepatic insufficiency: an increase in bioavailability may be observed in patients with impaired liver function; dose reduction should be considered, especially for the treatment of erosive esophagitis.

In the elderly, the bioavailability of omeprazole can be dramatically increased. This requires careful calculation of the daily and single dose of the drug on an individual basis, taking into account the patient's body weight and his general condition.

Pregnancy and lactation

Contraindicated during pregnancy and lactation.

Application in childhood

Contraindicated in children.

Side effects

When using Omeprazole, violations are possible:

• from the gastrointestinal tract: often - diarrhea, constipation, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, flatulence; rarely - dry mouth, stomatitis, candidiasis of the gastrointestinal tract, lack of appetite;
• from the musculoskeletal system: rarely - arthralgia, muscle weakness, myalgia;
• on the part of the skin and its derivatives: infrequently - rash (including bullous) and / or itching, dermatitis, urticaria; rarely - photosensitivity, erythema multiforme exudative, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, alopecia;
• from the liver and biliary system: infrequently - a violation of taste, an increase in the activity of "liver" enzymes; rarely - in patients with previous severe liver disease - hepatitis (including with jaundice), encephalopathy, severe liver dysfunction (including liver failure);
• from the hemopoietic system: rarely - anemia, leukopenia, pancytopenia, thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis, eosinophilia;
• from the side of the central and peripheral nervous system: often - headache; infrequently - dizziness, loss of consciousness, general weakness, insomnia, drowsiness, anxiety, paresthesia; rarely - agitation, reversible confusion, aggressiveness, depression and hallucinations;
• allergic reactions: rarely - angioedema, fever, bronchospasm, anaphylactic shock;
• others: infrequently - malaise; rarely - interstitial nephritis, gynecomastia, visual impairment, peripheral edema, increased sweating, impotence, hyponatremia.

Criteria for assessing the incidence of adverse drug reactions: often (≥ 1/100); infrequently (≥ 1/1000 and< 1/100); редко (< 1/1000).

Overdose

In case of an overdose, the following symptoms may occur:

• nausea;
• drowsiness;
• blurred vision;
• arrhythmia;
• headache;
• dry mouth;
• confusion;
• tachycardia.

Treatment is symptomatic. Hemodialysis is ineffective. there is no specific antidote.

special instructions

Before starting therapy with omeprazole, it is necessary to exclude the presence of a malignant process (especially with a stomach ulcer), because. treatment, by masking symptoms, may delay the correct diagnosis.
Taking it with food does not affect its effectiveness.

Analogues

Analogues of Omeprazole with the same active ingredient: Omeprazole-Akri, Omeprazole-Teva, Gastrozol, Omeprazole-STADA, Zerocid, Omez, Omipiks, Omitox, Omizak, Omeprazole-Richter, Promez, Ultop, Helicid.

Prices

The average price of OMEPRAZOL in pharmacies (Moscow) is 25 rubles.

Terms and conditions of storage

Store in a dark, dry place out of the reach of children at temperatures up to 25 °C. Shelf life - 2 years.