At what temperature to plant in the ground. What temperature can tomato seedlings withstand? The optimal temperature regime for the growth and picking of tomato seedlings

Tomatoes belong to heat and light-loving plants, the cultivation of which in the continental climatic zone is possible only as seedlings, when seeds are sown long before harvest.

Experienced gardeners can easily determine when to plant tomato seedlings: at what age and under what weather conditions. The readiness of the bushes is determined by a strong stem, developed roots, formed ovaries of flowers or small tomatoes. After germination, 40-70 days pass. Ultra-early tomato varieties are ready to move to their permanent place already 45 days after the first shoots. This is if you create a favorable microclimate for sprouts.

Tomatoes, as a rule, are planted in a greenhouse, in open unprotected ground, on a balcony or loggia. In a private house, a veranda is suitable.

Hardening procedures with temperature and humidity will allow you to endure changes in an aggressive environment. Feeding with a nutrient mixture will give strength to overcome "stress". In order to determine how to properly plant tomato seedlings in a greenhouse or in an open unprotected place, you need to familiarize yourself with the necessary procedures.

hardening. Each variety of tomatoes needs to be prepared for new conditions: temperature changes, lack of moisture. To do this, gardeners gradually reduce the temperature degree using open windows. When the air warms up to + 10 ° C outside, the seedlings are gradually taken out to fresh air, a balcony or porch of a private house. Artificially prepared low and high temperatures will strengthen the bushes, and planting tomato seedlings in the ground will be painless.

Top dressing. A nutrient base will help to increase resistance to infections and painlessly transfer acclimatization: a mineral-organic mixture of fertilizers, active growth stimulants. "Guamat" and "Zircon" - stimulants based on organic fertilizers will help seedlings to quickly adapt to a new environment. It is better to choose a product in a professional store and stick to the dosage recommended by the manufacturer. Otherwise, there may be a burn of the roots or foliage.

Mulching the soil will help stop crusting and maintain air circulation. Suitable peat, sawdust (conifers will help in the fight against mold, fungi and some pests). The remnants of soaked peat pots will be used.

What is the first thing to do before planting seedlings in a new place?

The soil should have a temperature of + 20-22 ° C, but not higher, the roots will begin to "burn". Therefore, do not use unripe foliage in fertilizers. Apply fertilizers on demand: ash, humus, compost, urea. By the time it is possible to plant tomato seedlings in a greenhouse, seedling beds should be formed. Their number depends on the size of the greenhouse and individual preferences: maybe 2, 3 or more. The shape can be rectangular or square. The main thing is that it is convenient to look after, and access is free. In a greenhouse made of polycarbonate cover, shed with an antifungal agent to prevent late blight.

For all varieties, the manufacturer on the package indicates the recommended planting density. Good growth will be if the plants do not interfere with each other. It is necessary to follow simple recommendations so that planting tomato seedlings in a greenhouse brings a high yield. Tall sprawling bushes can be placed in the first row, and undersized in the second. The density of low tomatoes is higher, and tall bushes should be planted less often.

For unprotected ground, choose a calm place, and choose the time for planting tomato seedlings in open ground on a cloudy or rainy day. So the sun will not dry the plants, and all the energy is directed to adaptation. If the weather is sunny, then you can choose the evening time, when the sun is not so active, after six. During the night, the plants will be able to acclimatize and cling to the roots of the new soil.

In climates with cold summers, planting tomato seedlings in a greenhouse is used, which accelerates the ripening of the crop.

If the temperature of the soil and the humidity in the greenhouse allow, then garden work begins in April. A well-insulated, heated greenhouse is a great helper for both gardeners and large agricultural holdings. This applies to solid polycarbonate or glazed greenhouses. The film may not save from night frosts.

For remote regions of the North of Russia and the zone of the Ural Mountains, the timing of planting tomato seedlings in the greenhouse is shifted to May. The average daily temperature scale fluctuates around +5-10°C, and at night it can drop to 0°C. For warmth, bottles filled with water are placed in the greenhouse. During the day, bottled water heats up, and at night it gives off its heat to the environment. The film coating allows you to plant seedlings by the beginning of summer.

The design of the covering soil allows you to stretch the supports for. By the time it came up to plant tomato seedlings in the greenhouse, the bushes have a height of 30 cm or more. They are long and weak, which requires additional support. A twine stretched vertically will do. Fasten one end of the twine under the first pair of tomato leaves, then gently wrap it around the bush, securing it in a vertical position.

As a rule, indeterminate varieties of tomatoes are perfectly used in greenhouses. Abundant growth, large fruits, productivity made them leaders in their segment. Spreading tops require space, so how to properly plant tomato seedlings in a greenhouse is indicated in the manufacturer's breeder's instructions. Pinch off the bottom leaves of seedlings to plant deeper into the hole. So the bush will take root faster and start up the lateral root system.

The tightness of the structure ensures that the early planting of tomato seedlings in a polycarbonate greenhouse will be successful. In the absence of a heating system inside is 3-5°C higher than outside. The daytime sun warms the air well, and during the night it does not have time to cool down. During the day, open the window and doors for ventilation. This procedure will not allow the development of fungi and mold, promotes oxygen supply. If there is heating, then air exchange is necessary, otherwise the seedlings will begin to fade.

Tomatoes in open unprotected ground

Preliminary monitoring of the weather forecast of the regions will help determine when to plant tomato seedlings in open ground without risks. If weather forecasters promise a cold prolonged cyclone, then seedlings are not advised to touch, it is better to continue hardening. A sharp change in temperature during a cyclone will adversely affect the tomatoes and slow down their growth. Then the timing of the ripening of the crop will shift, and this is not desirable for a short warm summer.

In the garden plots, you can observe even rows of tomatoes, it is more convenient for someone with ridges, the most original ones are grown near the fence. An irrigation system will help determine how it is more convenient to plant tomato seedlings in the ground. Drip irrigation from above with sprinklers - you can not divide the tomato plantation into ridges. If watering watering or basal watering is carried out, then it is worth breaking it into rows. Tomatoes do not like frequent irrigation: foliage grows, but not fruits.

To help acclimatize and endure the first nights, the bushes are covered with plastic transparent bottles, they create a microclimate for fragile seedlings, and the temperature under them is a degree or two higher. Small holes are made for air exchange. Suitable containers of 3-5 liters with a wide bottom. They are also used in the future for root drip irrigation during a long absence of rain.

The role of a greenhouse for seedlings

Allocate a transitional stage for seedlings in front of a permanent place - planting tomato seedlings in a greenhouse with a film coating. Use to wait out aggressive weather conditions: low temperatures, rain, wind. A greenhouse is popular in the northern regions, where summers are cold and short. There are industrial options for greenhouses: "My hacienda", "Dragonfly", tunnel type. You can make a greenhouse yourself by making a box with a nutrient base, and at the top covering material (glass, film) on arcs or a flat roof.

The readiness of seedling material determines when tomato seedlings can be planted in a greenhouse or a solid greenhouse. Basically, in mid-May, when the average daily temperature stabilizes, and the risks of night frosts are still possible. Some leave a few bushes in the greenhouse to extend the harvest until late summer frosts. Most of the bushes will "move" to their permanent place in the tomato field.

The old-timers of the garden economy determine when to plant tomato seedlings in a greenhouse according to popular belief.

The apple tree is blooming, so the weather will be warm. You can gradually take out the boxes with seedlings in the greenhouse during the day. What can be difficult if the volumes are large or the remote location of the garden plot.
In the apartment, you can leave the vents and windows open, make “balcony overnight stays”.

Such procedures will not interfere if you plan to plant tomato seedlings in a greenhouse with a thick film coating. The film, even the densest, does not create the tightness that will not allow cold air to penetrate. In addition, the film itself passes the night cold. It is important to keep the temperature balance:

above +20°C - tops growth;
and below +15°C there are risks to slow down development;
+ 1-0 ° С is detrimental to tomato seedlings.

In a greenhouse with high containment, there will be no emergency reduction in the temperature scale.

Tips from experienced gardeners on the cultivation of tomato bushes

The experience of many years of cultivation of nightshade has shown that it takes root better in a greenhouse if you follow simple rules:

It is better to keep 2 greenhouses on one site in order to change crops after 2-3 years. In place of tomatoes, cucumbers, root crops and legumes grow well. If early ripe cabbage grew in the greenhouse, then the tomato seedlings in the greenhouse will be rich in harvest. If there is only one greenhouse, and it is impossible to change it, then planting an accelerator, for example, mustard, is perfect. After winter, just dig up the ground, and the highly fertile base for the tomato is ready.

Only personal experience can give a guaranteed correct way to plant seedlings. Favorite variety, location of the plot and soil, climatic and weather conditions, growing regime determine what kind of crop will be obtained.

Widespread in almost all regions of our country. Someone grows their favorite vegetables in beds formed right on the open ground, others, due to certain climate features, are forced to grow all kinds of greenhouses. Whatever type of cultivation the vegetable grower prefers, it is important first of all to observe the correct planting conditions, one of which is soil warmed up to the right temperature.

Why is soil temperature so important?

When plants fall into cold soil, their growth naturally slows down. They are poorly accepted, stand sluggish for a long time, the roots begin to turn blue. Even later, when the tomatoes “leave”, such plants become as vulnerable as possible to many diseases, bear fruit poorly, and form the crown incorrectly.

Planting and growing in too warm soil cannot be called favorable. In such a situation, overheating of the soil acts on the plant like a “sponge”, sucking out the last juices. It turns out that instead of getting enough moisture from the soil, everything is literally the opposite, the roots are depleted, the plants become lethargic, the stems become thinner, and the leaves turn yellow. Of course, with proper care, they can be revived, but such vegetables will give a poor harvest, while the ripening and formation of fruits will be significantly slowed down.

If the planting is carried out in a timely manner, the soil is warmed up to the desired temperature, then nothing oppresses the plants, they are taken as quickly as possible in a new place. In the shortest possible time they form a powerful developed root system and go to full growth, blooming in a timely manner, forming fruits and giving a rich harvest!

Optimum soil temperature for planting and growing tomatoes

For proper planting, the soil temperature is considered to be optimal, reaching 15 ° C, and varying within these limits. As soon as the earth cools down a bit, the roots begin to hurt, and with frequent watering, they also rot, which provokes the development of fungal diseases. When sowing seeds, the soil should warm up to at least 18 ° C.

The most suitable for growing tomatoes is the land warmed up to 20-22 ° C. If it happens that the soil temperature drops to 10 ° C, then the plants will no longer receive a sufficient amount of nutrients, they simply will not be able to perform normal life processes and will gradually begin to die! Warmer ground also has a negative effect.

When planting tomato seedlings in open ground or in a greenhouse, you never need to rush. If the soil has not warmed up enough, then the results of such a planting will be extremely poor. will be badly received, constantly get sick. In any case, their weak lifeless state will affect fruiting, the harvest will be low.

Those who practice in a seedless way believe that even seeds should not be sown in cold soil. Plants grown in the wrong conditions will not give timely shoots.

In order to get the maximum yield of tomatoes from the crop in time, every gardener must know exactly at what temperature it is worth planting a tomato in a greenhouse in a particular region. Due to the direct dependence of the thermometer readings on climatic conditions, it is worthwhile to accurately understand the approximate timing of planting tomato seedlings in the ground. When should you plant tomatoes?

Approximate time of planting the crop in the greenhouse

Based on such data, you can approximately calculate the time of planting the seed of tomatoes for subsequent seedlings (the second half of February - the beginning of March).

Features of the temperature regime when planting a plant

Since tomatoes are very heat-loving crops, it is worth remembering that not only the temperature of the soil around, but also atmospheric and temperature indicators will play the main role in their germination and development. It is for this reason that if it is possible to heat (heat) the greenhouse, then the planting time of the crop should be shifted to an earlier time.

With all this, it is worth maintaining a constant average daily norm of air indicators. , preventing it from falling below + 15 degrees Celsius and at the same time monitor the process of warming up the soil, otherwise the seedlings will begin to freeze. It is possible to calculate average daily temperatures if you take into account and add up both daytime and nighttime temperatures on a thermometer.

The same indicators should be followed in the case of full-fledged cultivation of crops in greenhouses without comfortable heating of the plant. As soon as the sun's rays are able to fully warm up the entire greenhouse in a day to such a level that at night the cold does not fall below +8 degrees Celsius, this will mean that the time has already come for planting a tomato.

The optimal soil indicator that prepared seeds of a nightshade crop can fully withstand is + 15 degrees Celsius at a shallow depth. If the thermometer column starts to show less than +10 degrees, then the rhizomes of the seedling can quickly get sick and even die. In warm ground conditions, growing seedlings is much faster, and its rhizomes take root qualitatively in the ground.

To prepare tomatoes for active cultivation in a greenhouse, seedlings should be hardened off. So, a few days before planting seedlings in the soil, they should be taken out for 20–30 minutes outside so that they can be saturated with oxygen and harden properly.

In the future, the best temperature regime for growing crops is from 20 to 22 degrees during the day and 16-18 degrees in the evening. These indicators will also correspond to soil soil. . Soil temperature less than 15 deg. slows down the development of the root system of the plant, as well as worsen the active growth of the crop.

If the indicator at this time is below + 10-12 degrees, then the nutrition of the roots will completely stop, and the seedlings will die in the first stages of their formation. At the same time, excessive overheating of the earth is also dangerous for seedlings: over 30 degrees can make the pollen in plants become completely sterile, which will stop the active flowering process of the crop, the ovaries on the plant will quickly fall off.

Qualitative temperature control in the process of growing tomatoes will help to get the best quality crop from them in an unsuitable climate for growing. In addition to greenhouses with automated heating, now household heaters, stoves, potbelly stoves, as well as their main varieties are most often purchased on the market. You can also use simple methods: soil mulching, additional process covering the soil with a special black polyethylene film. With a large number of light hours, this temperature can be maintained by regular ventilation in the greenhouse.

Preparation of the soil mixture in the greenhouse

It is worth preparing a greenhouse, as well as a soil mixture for it, in advance. The process of enriching the soil with organic components by incorporating it with manure, siderite, and other types of fertilizers should be done even in autumn.

In order to carry out the maximum warming of the earth, the gardener should (in 2–3 weeks) cover the film greenhouse with the help of covering material. In this case, using polycarbonate or glass varieties of greenhouses is much more convenient and comfortable. For them, it is only necessary to close all the windows and doors in advance. In any case, the soil composition itself should also be covered with a black film protection, which can absorb all the sun's rays so that the earth can warm up deeply and efficiently in a short period of time. Such a process can be completed in just a few light days.

There is one main rule: if the land in the greenhouse is not warmed up well or not completely, then planting seedlings to a deep level is prohibited. Otherwise, the tomatoes will start to get sick, which will negatively affect the overall level of the plant and fruits.

The use of manure in the form of natural fertilizers is justified not only because such tomatoes love to grow in nitrogen (but you should not get carried away with the organic indicators of the soil, otherwise all the forces of the culture will be used to create tops). Its overheating can raise the temperature around. The action of compost and humus laid in the greenhouse soil from the autumn season also takes place.

Understand all the intricacies of planting seedlings under a certain temperature regime, any gardener is capable. Subject to the correct temperature conditions in the greenhouse, the florist will be able to obtain environmentally grown fruits of the plant, as well as high rates of fruitfulness.

The effect of temperature changes on plant growth:

The development of phosphorus starvation.
The plant begins to actively wither.
Excessive growth of the root system.
The rhizomes of the plant begin to form slowly, and also poorly absorb moisture from the soil.

In order for the greenhouse to be fully suitable for growing and shaping tomatoes, you should carefully follow all the rules for care. It should be remembered what optimal temperature such plants need. It should be remembered in what ways you can increase or decrease the overall temperature inside the greenhouse.

At what temperature can tomatoes be planted in a greenhouse?

To create the optimal temperature in the greenhouse for the process of planting tomatoes, you should carefully review the temperature regime during which the tomatoes feel most comfortable. Daytime and nighttime temperatures are quite different from each other. At different intervals culture development, it is worth using a certain temperature indicator.

The most optimal temperature for planting a crop will be a temperature of 22–24 degrees if there is sun during the day, and from 19 to 20 degrees when the day is bad.

Such temperature indicators in greenhouses will be well suited until the plant begins the active process of fruiting. During the fruiting of the culture, tomatoes are able to withstand exposure to higher temperatures - from 26 to 32 degrees Celsius. But at the same time, it is worth noting that if the temperature is too high, the culture begins to waste all its ability to bear fruit and produce a high-quality crop of tomatoes, as it can worsen the process of photosynthesis in the culture.

Tips for good temperature control:

In the process of flowering culture, the temperature regime should not drop to 14 degrees.
In order to stabilize the too rapid process of plant growth, it is worth adjusting the temperature regime to an indicator of 26 degrees Celsius.
In order for the process of growth and development of fruits on the crop to occur stably, it is worth stabilizing the temperature in the greenhouse to a mark of 17 degrees Celsius.

If the optimal temperature regime is observed, then the culture will bloom and bear fruit with high quality. It is worth noting that a stable temperature regime is not the only rule for proper cultivation of a crop and harvesting a good crop from a plant. In greenhouse conditions, you can grow only those varieties of tomatoes that are designed for growing in greenhouse conditions.

Greenhouse temperature for healthy plant growth

It is worth paying attention to adjusting the temperature from the very moment of planting seeds in the soil. The qualitative process of plant germination will be served by warm weather of about 15 degrees. This must be taken into account at the time when the seeds are planted, as well as not to forget that the culture should be hardened all the time and arranged for frequent airing. After the plant sprouts, the temperature indicator should eventually be increased to 25–30 degrees.

In order to eliminate the process of pulling seedlings, it is worth lowering the overall temperature to the initial value. This will help the rhizomes of the plants quickly and qualitatively.

It is worth noting the fact that the cold is below 10 degrees. contributes to a complete stop of growth and development of culture for a while. Too high a temperature, as well as too low, can impair the flowering of the crop, as well as contribute to the wilting of the plant. High temperature affects the loss of pollen features in the plant. If the temperature outside is too low, then the pollen does not have time to form at all.

Features of the influence of too high and low temperatures on tomatoes

To obtain decent yields of vegetable crops, it is important to observe the correct conditions for planting and growing. The soil temperature of tomatoes is an important parameter, because, as you know, the tomato belongs to heat-loving crops. Only if the optimal temperature regime is observed, one can count on the successful development of plants and the subsequent formation of fruits.

To obtain decent yields of vegetable crops, it is important to observe the correct conditions when planting and growing.

Before planting tomatoes, you need to know and take into account some of the nuances, among which soil temperature plays an important role. Many gardeners are interested in the question of what temperature seedlings can withstand. Temperature indicators during the day should have different values depending on the cultivation period: seed germination, seedling cultivation, the formation of flowers and ovaries.

For germination of tomatoes, the temperature should not be lower than + 15 ° C. You can speed up the process by increasing the indicator to + 27˚С, after which intensive growth can be observed. In the first week after germination, plants will need to be hardened off. This event will avoid pulling seedlings. To do this, the temperature in the daytime is reduced to + 15˚С, at night - to + 10˚С. In addition, this technique will ensure the correct formation of the root system of tomato seedlings, which is especially important in low light conditions.

Before planting tomatoes, you need to know and take into account some of the nuances, among which soil temperature plays an important role.

It should be noted that the temperature regime corresponding to + 10˚С stops the growth of plants. If +30˚С is exceeded, flowering slows down or stops altogether, and the formed ovary dries up. At the wrong temperature, normal pollen maturation becomes impossible. With such critical indicators as + 43˚С and above and + 5˚С and below, plants may die altogether.

When and how to plant tomatoes in open ground (video)

Favorable temperature conditions

The daily optimum temperature at which seedlings of the crop under consideration can be grown and achieve good yields is + 21 ° C. At night, this figure is reduced to + 16˚С. In order for the growth of tomatoes in open ground to be of high quality, it is necessary to maintain the temperature of the earth within + 20-22˚С.

If the temperature regime is below +16˚С, then this will lead to several negative processes:

mineral fertilizers are absorbed by plants worse (in particular, nitrogen and phosphorus);
adventitious roots do not develop, which leads to a weakening of the root system;
there is no normal access to a source of moisture.

It should be noted that the temperature regime corresponding to + 10˚С stops the growth of plants.

As a result of the above planting of tomatoes, it is highly likely that they will die. If you plant tomatoes at low temperatures, this will lead to the fact that the nutrients will no longer be absorbed by the roots. At the same time, you need to know that too high a temperature of the earth also negatively affects the development of the plant. In order to properly plant seedlings, it will be necessary to determine the timing of sowing seeds in the conditions where they will be grown. Conclusions are made based on the climatic features of the region and the selected variety. Planting seedlings of low-growing tomatoes is carried out 50 days after germination. But this period can be up to 90 days.

Tomato seedlings can be planted in unprotected soil in early June in a temperate climate. In greenhouse conditions, the dates may be shifted if the temperature regime is observed. When growing a crop in a balcony, attention should be paid to warming so that normal conditions for growth and development can be ensured. On an insulated balcony or loggia with plastic windows located on the south side of the house, the soil temperature should not be low. Today, many plant tomatoes in a polycarbonate greenhouse, where you can grow not only tomatoes, but also other vegetable crops. In this design, it is possible to create optimal conditions for heat-loving plants, such as tomatoes.

seedling care

We figured out what temperature the seedlings can withstand. In addition, plants need a certain level of humidity and light, which depend on a number of processes, including the state of the earth and evaporation. To obtain good quality tomato seedlings, it is important not only to maintain the correct temperature, but also to create the right lighting. Its intensity may depend on the particular variety of tomato.

In order for the plants to withstand low temperatures, stepchildren must be dug in. However, seedlings should be planted in warm soil, thereby avoiding damage to plants. The prepared soil should have a layer thickness of about 15 cm. The level of illumination, the temperature of irrigation and soil have a direct impact on the future crop. If optimal conditions are not created before planting tomatoes, then normal growth and development of plants will not be possible.

With poor lighting and low temperatures, the development of the plant slows down, the fruits ripen for a long time. For the cultivation of tomatoes, these factors affect the deterioration of the taste of the fruit. Young plants are planted in prepared (warmed up) soil, while evaporation of moisture should be avoided. Otherwise, it will negatively affect the seedlings. The frequency and abundance of watering depends on the type of soil.

Depending on the variety of tomatoes, soil moisture may be low. In this case, it is worth considering:

characteristics of the applied soil;
, which takes into account the state of seedlings at the time of planting;
the level of radiation from solar exposure when cultivating tomatoes in open ground.

In the case of growing crops in greenhouse conditions, it is worth following some watering rules. They boil down to the fact that tomatoes are watered several times during the week and this procedure is carried out in the morning. The average temperature at which tomatoes should be grown indoors is about + 20 ° C.

Care in unprotected conditions

If the cultivation of tomatoes is carried out in open ground, then special attention should be paid to watering. It is best to devote the evening hours to this process, when the heat subsides. The temperature at this time will be lower than daytime, which has a positive effect on the absorption of nutrition from the soil by the root system. Tomatoes in the open field are able to withstand indicators within + 15˚С. The water temperature during irrigation should be + 20˚С.

It is worth monitoring the soil and once again do not water it. After all, excessive moisture, as well as low, leads to a violation of air exchange. In open ground conditions, this contributes to the fact that the development of the root system will be poor. When seedlings are planted, it is necessary to monitor both temperature and humidity, since the ability of plants to form flowers and ovaries will depend on these indicators.

The culture can be planted in unprotected soil at a moisture content of 60%. This figure may be higher (up to 90%), but this will negatively affect the pollen - it will stick together. In addition, the likelihood of a number of fungal and bacterial diseases increases. As a result, unfavorable growing conditions are created. At low humidity values, pollen that has fallen on the stigma of the pistil does not germinate. As a result, there are no fruit ovaries on plants, or the process under consideration slows down significantly if grown in open ground.

To get a decent harvest, you will need to harden seedlings of tomatoes. It is important to monitor the acidity of the soil and the process of photosynthesis, regardless of where the crop is grown - in open or protected ground.
Plant photosynthesis is inextricably linked with carbon dioxide. Basically, this figure is within 0.03%, which is too low for a good tomato crop. Tomatoes should be planted at values of 0.2%. To achieve such indicators, it will be necessary to feed the plants with carbon dioxide. As a result, seedlings can be planted in the ground earlier.

Before you start growing tomatoes, you need to figure out what temperature tomatoes can withstand. If this parameter cannot be ensured due to climatic features, then additional measures will need to be taken to ensure the normal development of plants.