How to treat various forms of chronic rhinitis? How to cure a chronic runny nose: we treat chronic runny nose in a child and at home

Chronic rhinitis is most often called chronic rhinitis, it is provoked by a constant inflammatory process in the sinuses of the nose, which for certain reasons does not stop. It can be very difficult, sometimes almost impossible, to completely get rid of this disease, but with the help of the right therapy, symptoms can be reduced as much as possible and remission can be achieved. It is worth learning about the main ways to cure chronic rhinitis in the most effective way.

Normally, a common runny nose can last from a week to two, depending on the severity of a cold or allergic disease. However, if the symptoms do not disappear and do not subside for more than two weeks, there is a possibility of developing a chronic runny nose or chronic rhinitis.

Chronic disease leads to various consequences. There is a chance to get sick with inflammatory diseases of the nasopharynx more often, the sense of smell is disturbed, in especially severe cases, a runny nose can affect speech. Therefore, even with severe chronic rhinitis, you should definitely engage in treatment.

The reasons

The transition of rhinitis into a chronic form can have quite a few reasons, sometimes they are combined. Most often, the inflammatory process in the sinuses of the nose persists due to the following factors:

  1. Persistent cold. With frequent acute colds, a runny nose may not have time to pass quickly, so it can become chronic.
  2. Dusty, dry air in places where the patient spends most of his time. The presence of irritants in the air can increase the symptoms of an infectious disease and accelerate the transition to a chronic form.
  3. Allergic reactions. Allergic rhinitis often becomes chronic if suitable antihistamines are not selected or the underlying allergen is constantly present.
  4. Deviation of the nasal septum. The curvature can occur as a result of trauma or be congenital, in any case, it interferes with the normal outflow of secretions and leads to the development of infection.
  5. Various chronic diseases in which there are circulatory disorders, inflammatory diseases of the lungs, pathologies of the cardiovascular system.

The success of treatment also depends on the elimination of the cause of chronic rhinitis. In some cases, the condition of the disease almost immediately begins to improve when the main cause of the permanent inflammatory process disappears.

Types of chronic rhinitis

Depending on the type of chronic disease, symptoms and some treatments vary. The following forms of rhinitis are usually distinguished, they are most common in adults and children.

  1. Simple chronic rhinitis. At this stage, there is a slight swelling of the mucosa, discharge from the nose, and constant congestion is observed. In this condition, vasoconstrictor drops still help.
  2. Hypertrophic rhinitis. The nasal passages narrow, they are very inflamed, vasoconstrictor drops do not help. Discharge from the nose departs with great difficulty.
  3. atrophic rhinitis. This type of disease is accompanied by constant dryness, crusts may be present on the mucosa. With such a chronic runny nose with white lumps that come out with difficulty, it becomes extremely difficult to blow your nose.

Important! Only an otolaryngologist can accurately determine the type of chronic rhinitis and prescribe the appropriate treatment with a full examination.

To get rid of this disease, you need to strictly follow the instructions of the doctor and constantly engage in therapy. With interruptions in treatment, a noticeable deterioration in the condition may occur. Usually they combine various remedies that are most suitable for certain types of rhinitis.

It will be extremely difficult to cure a chronic runny nose quickly at home. Much depends on the efforts of the patient himself, but it should be borne in mind that in some cases, surgical intervention may be required. Often it is necessary for a deviated nasal septum, for example.

Medical treatment

It is worth noting that treatment with various drugs is usually aimed solely at the symptoms of the disease itself, and not its causes. Therefore, care should be taken in the treatment and consult a doctor about its effectiveness. Usually, depending on the type of chronic rhinitis, the following remedies can be used:

  1. Vasoconstrictor drops. You should not use them constantly, you should take breaks in their use, they cause an addictive effect. These drugs help ease breathing, the most common drugs are made on the basis of xylmetazoline and its analogues.
  2. Antibiotic drops. This drug is used for a bacterial infection, before using them, it is necessary to accurately establish the causative agent of the disease. The most common remedy is called Isofra drops.
  3. Antihistamines. Usually used in the form of tablets inside, they are used for allergic rhinitis. Both the old generation, for example, Suprastin, and the newer ones, Zodak, Claritin and others, are used.

Do not rely entirely on medications. In chronic rhinitis, it is also important to strengthen the immune system and rinse the nose to improve breathing and relieve swelling in the nasal cavities.

Important! In some types of chronic rhinitis, surgical intervention is required.

Inhalations

Recently, inhalations have been widely used to treat various diseases of the respiratory tract and nasopharynx, which are accompanied by swelling, inflammation, breathing difficulties and cough, runny nose, flowing down the back of the throat. For inhalation, you should use a special device - a nebulizer, today they are quite affordable for home use.

For inhalation, special preparations are produced, you can also use home remedies. The most effective will be high quality mineral waters, saline solutions.

Folk remedies are quite common in the fight against the common cold and its consequences, many colds. Many of them can be used to treat an illness in a child because they are safe and hypoallergenic. The most common methods of folk treatment are the following methods:

  1. Treatment with salt. Sea salt is usually used as a nasal rinse. One tablespoon of salt is taken for one glass of warm water, the nose should be washed with a solution up to 3-4 times a day.
  2. Treatment with Asterisk. This technique is only suitable for the treatment of adults without a pronounced allergy to extracts of medicinal burning plants. For treatment, they usually lubricate the space under the nose with a balm, slightly going into the nostrils.
  3. Onion. This tool is the most aggressive, it can not be used for children and with irritation of the mucous membrane. Onion rings should be dried, then brewed with a glass of water and let it brew for 5-10 minutes, then rinse the nose with infusion. The procedure is carried out in the morning and in the evening.
  4. Aloe. The juice of this plant is usually instilled into the nose with a runny nose, if there is no allergy. The leaves of the plant must be cut, kept in the refrigerator for two hours, and then squeezed out the juice. Instill a few drops into each nostril up to twice a day.

It is worth remembering that in order to permanently cure chronic rhinitis, all procedures must be carried out regularly over a fairly long period of time. If the condition worsens, you should immediately consult a doctor.

Also, often against the background of home treatment, physiotherapy procedures are required in the clinic. All possible and appropriate avenues of treatment should be discussed with a specialist.

The chronic form of the common cold is characterized by the presence of symptoms of the disease over a long period of time. This is due to several reasons: neglect of the treatment of acute rhinitis, the ongoing influence of a provoking factor or severe immunodeficiency. Before undertaking the treatment of rhinitis, it is necessary to consult a doctor, since it is quite difficult to cure a chronic runny nose.

The key to successful treatment is a correctly established cause of the disease and professionally selected drug therapy. Note that folk remedies are used only as an auxiliary method of therapy. Honey, aloe and herbs will not be able to save a person from the chronic course of the disease.

First you need to deal with the cause of chronic inflammation in the nasopharyngeal mucosa. It could be:

  1. infectious rhinitis (bacterial form). It develops as a result of improper treatment of the disease with a primary lesion of the mucosa by pathogenic microbes. As a result, pathogens are in the nasopharynx in a "semi-active" state. As soon as a person becomes hypothermic, or the immune defense weakens, an exacerbation of rhinitis is observed with the appearance of severe symptoms;
  2. Allergic rhinitis is caused by constant contact of a person with an allergen. For example, during the flowering period of plants, it may disturb. If animal hair or household chemicals act as a provoking factor, the symptoms of an allergic rhinitis can be noted all year round;
  3. vasomotor rhinitis in adults may be due to poor environmental conditions, diseases of the nervous system, or occupational hazards;
  4. rhinitis, as a result of prolonged use of nasal drops with a vasoconstrictive effect. As a result of the use of such nasal drops for several years, addiction is developed. To achieve the effect in the form of restoration of nasal breathing, more frequent instillation of the nose with a large volume of a vasoconstrictor is required.

Given the variety of causes, the treatment of chronic rhinitis in adults should be individualized. If the deformed nasal septum has become the cause of the chronicity of the disease, no medication can completely eliminate the symptoms. The only way out is surgery.

Also, antibacterial drugs with an allergic origin of rhinitis will be absolutely ineffective. In addition, prolonged use of a nasal spray with an antimicrobial effect is fraught with a violation of the microflora and the activation of a fungal infection.

Visit to the doctor

How to treat a chronic runny nose, only an otolaryngologist knows. A visit to the doctor is a must if you want to get rid of snot for a long time. At the appointment, the ENT doctor asks about the symptoms of the disease, the features of their appearance and progression. To establish the cause of the disease, the anamnesis of life is analyzed. For further examination may be assigned:

  1. a blood test (to identify infectious pathogens), including an examination of the immunological status;
  2. analysis of a smear from the nasopharynx (microscopic examination, sowing the material on nutrient media). Having determined the type of pathogenic microorganisms, their resistance to antibacterial agents is established;
  3. x-ray of the skull - to detect inflammation of the paranasal sinuses, anomalies in the structure of the nose or a deviated septum;
  4. rhinoscopy;
  5. allergy tests;
  6. analysis of working conditions.

In some cases, the treatment of chronic rhinitis may require a consultation with a neurologist, endocrinologist or maxillofacial surgeon (if the cause of the disease is trauma).

Nasal lavage

The effect of drugs will be more powerful if they are used after cleansing the nasopharyngeal mucosa.

The procedure for washing the nasopharynx is carried out for any form of the disease. This allows:

  • prevent damage to the mucosa due to the action of irritating factors;
  • clean the surface of dust and mucus, in which microbial toxins can accumulate;
  • normalize the work of the cilia of the epithelium, which makes it possible to promptly clean the mucosa from various contaminants;
  • improve the outflow of mucus from the paranasal sinuses in chronic sinusitis.

Washing can be carried out using special devices or handy tools (syringes). The following solutions are used for washing:

  1. Aqua Maris, Humer, Dolphin;
  2. saline;
  3. non-carbonated alkaline water;
  4. saline solution. To prepare the solution, edible or sea salt is used. In warm water with a volume of 240 ml, 5 g of salt should be dissolved. According to indications, you can add a drop of iodine;
  5. herbal decoctions of chamomile, oak bark, eucalyptus or sage. It is enough to pour 15 g of herbs with boiling water (220 ml), wait 20 minutes and start washing. You can also add aloe juice (30 ml);
  6. 5 garlic cloves need to be peeled, chopped, pour boiling water (800 ml) and left for half an hour under a closed lid. Before use, add aloe 1: 2 and twice a day;
  7. 20 ml of freshly squeezed beetroot juice should be diluted in 240 ml of water and 2 g of salt should be added.

What will help with chronic rhinitis?

Separately, it is worth considering chronic rhinitis of pregnant women. The appearance of nasal congestion and rhinorrhea is due to hormonal fluctuations in a woman's body. Often, a runny nose appears in the second trimester and may persist until childbirth and in the first months of the postpartum period. Particular attention is paid to the treatment of this type of rhinitis, because many drugs are prohibited for use during the period of gestation.

Nasal lavage with saline solutions is used in the treatment. Of the nasal forms of drugs, pregnant women are allowed Pinosol or Delufen. The duration of the course should not exceed 5 days. Hormonal drugs are not prescribed.

homeopathic remedies

How to cure chronic rhinitis with homeopathic medicines? The use of drugs in this group is safer than other groups of drugs. Unlike vasoconstrictor and hormonal remedies, homeopathy does not cause side effects and can be prescribed for a long therapeutic course.

One of the representatives of the preparations of the homeopathic group is Delufen. It is widely used in ENT practice, is available in the form of a spray, has no color and aroma.

The medicine has an anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory effect, protects the mucosa from irritation and accelerates regenerative processes. Delufen is prescribed for infectious, allergic or vasomotor rhinitis:

  • in allergic rhinitis, the drug eliminates itching, nasal congestion and rhinorrhea. Acts on the nasopharyngeal mucosa, reducing its sensitivity to irritants and allergens;
  • anti-inflammatory effect can reduce the severity of inflammation, swelling, mucus production and restore nasal breathing;
  • chronic atrophic rhinitis is treated thanks to the ability of Delufen to normalize the nutrition and functioning of the cells of the nasopharyngeal mucosa. Dryness is reduced, regeneration is activated, as a result of which dry crusts are not formed and shortness of breath is not observed;
  • immunomodulatory effect makes it possible to normalize the flora of the nasopharynx and strengthen local immune defenses.

It is undesirable to use Delufen for severe thyroid dysfunction and individual intolerance to the components. Chronic runny nose in an adult is treated for 2-4 weeks, but the duration of the therapeutic course can last up to two months.

To eliminate chronic runny nose, treatment should include immunotherapy. It will be quite difficult to cope with the disease if a person has a weakened immune system. To strengthen it, healthy food, vitamins and an adequate drinking regimen are necessary. Every day you need to drink 1.5-2 liters of fluid. This will reduce the viscosity of mucus, facilitate its removal, reduce intoxication and strengthen the immune system. Recommended cranberry juice, tea with lemon, raspberries or herbal infusions. Only an integrated approach and medical supervision will completely cure chronic rhinitis.

Chronic rhinitis is an ailment characterized by recurring manifestations of symptoms of acute rhinitis - difficulty in inhaling air through the nose, abundant secretions of various consistency, and a decrease in the sharpness of smell.

What is chronic rhinitis?

Chronic rhinitis (runny nose) is a chronic inflammatory process that occurs in the nasal mucosa.

Basically, chronic rhinitis is an untreated acute nature after suffering infectious inflammations that were caused by various microbes. The immune system plays a huge role in the body. After all, with a weakened immune system, there is a disruption in the functioning of cells and tissues, which leads to a protracted cold.

  • According to ICD 10, chronic rhinitis is code J31.0.

Most often, adolescents and adults suffer from the disease. The chronic form can be triggered by improperly selected treatment, a deviated nasal septum, and circulatory disorders.

Classification

In adults, chronic rhinitis can occur in the following forms:

Chronic vasomotor rhinitis

It is caused by disorders in the regulation of blood vessels lying in the nasal mucosa. This type should not be treated with folk remedies, but you must definitely contact a specialist.

allergic form

At the heart of this type of chronic rhinitis is a shift in the immune response, which manifests itself at the local level. As a result of this reason, the nasal mucosa begins to give an allergic reaction when exposed to various allergens. To treat this type of rhinitis, you must begin with the detection of the exact allergen, and you should not rely on folk remedies.

catarrhal form

This form of the disease is characterized by inflammation of the nasal mucosa, and constant profuse discharge. Chronic catarrhal rhinitis is the most common complication of classic acute rhinitis.

hypertrophic

This form of chronic rhinitis is characterized by the growth of tissue structures (mucosa, periosteum, bone) in the nasal cavity, especially in the turbinate area.

atrophic

Chronic atrophic rhinitis is divided into primary (the causes of which are not exactly known) and secondary (provoked by constant exposure to adverse industrial factors: chemicals, dust, abnormally high or low temperatures, radiation).

The reasons

The main causes of the formation of chronic rhinitis are:

  • ingestion of allergic substances;
  • constant use of nose drops, which are very often addictive and after that become completely ineffective;
  • a drop in the level of hormones in the body due to pregnancy, disruption or removal of one of the parts of the thyroid gland;
  • abuse of alcohol-containing drinks and nicotine;
  • eating spicy foods;
  • pathology of the structure of the nasal septum and sinus;
  • inhalation of air with a high content of dust or gas, which leads to irritation of the nasal mucosa;
  • the consequences of plastic surgery, during which the shape of the turbinates was changed;
  • inflammation of the adenoids;
  • various diseases of the body of a chronic nature;
  • weakened immunity;
  • other inflammatory processes in the nasal cavity;
  • genetic predisposition.

Risk factors:

  • Staying in a room where they constantly smoke; smoking.
  • Air pollution by gases.
  • Working with a hot oven in dry air.
  • Occupational hazards.
  • Abrupt temperature change.
  • Diseases that contribute to a decrease in the immune system.
  • An acquired or congenital ailment related to a violation of the anatomical structure of the nasal bones.
  • Therapy with sedatives, hormonal drugs; taking contraceptives, certain drugs used in the treatment of hypertension.
  • genetic predisposition.

Symptoms of chronic rhinitis

Symptoms of chronic rhinitis, regardless of the form of the disease, include:

  • discharge from the nasal cavity;
  • dryness of the nasal mucosa;
  • difficulty in nasal breathing;
  • decreased sense of smell;
  • nasal voice;
  • sensation of itching in the nasal cavity;
  • sore throat;
  • sneezing (especially in the morning);
  • reflex cough;
  • snore;
  • persistent headaches.

These symptoms in patients with chronic rhinitis may have varying degrees of severity and manifest themselves in various combinations.

Chronic form Symptoms
catarrhal With a catarrhal patient, he may complain of:
  • Feeling of a foreign body in the throat;
  • Deterioration of smell;
  • Deterioration of the work of taste buds;
  • Non-intense headaches
atrophic Symptoms of chronic atrophic rhinitis differ significantly from other forms of the disease. In particular, instead of a constant flow from the nose, there is:
  • Drying of the mucous membranes;
  • The appearance of yellow or gray crusts;
  • Sensation of the presence of viscous contents in the nasopharynx.
hypertrophic With hypertrophic rhinitis in a chronic form, in addition to congestion and strong discharge from the nose, there are:
  • headache;
  • nasality in the voice;
  • the mucous membrane changes color to bright red or purple;
  • the inner surface of the shell becomes bumpy.

The disease develops after a long course of catarrhal rhinitis.
Vasomotor When the picture is somewhat different. This type is characterized by the following symptoms:
  • frequent urge to sneeze;
  • stuffy nose in the morning;
  • pale swollen mucosa.

The patient's mucus discharge is watery. The appearance of bluish spots is noted in the nose.
atrophic With this form of the disease, the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity atrophies and ceases to function. If this occurs in small separate areas, they speak of local atrophic rhinitis. If large areas of the mucosa are affected - about diffuse.

Depending on the causes of the disease, the following forms are distinguished:

  • primary atrophic rhinitis or ozena;
  • secondary atrophic.

Complications

The consequences of chronic catarrhal rhinitis are:

  • ear inflammation;
  • the appearance of caries;

Untimely treatment of allergic rhinitis can lead to the formation of bronchial asthma.

Frequent inhalation of cold air leads to the manifestation of inflammation of the tonsils, constant unpleasant odor from the oral cavity, various diseases of the lungs and bronchi.

Diagnostics

For the diagnosis of chronic rhinitis, data obtained from the collection of complaints, an objective examination, and rhinoscopy are used. Anterior rhinoscopy usually reveals slight hyperemia and swelling of the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity (mainly in the region of the lower and middle turbinates), pastosity.

  1. Laboratory diagnostics. Among the laboratory studies, the following can be noted:
    • general blood analysis;
    • blood chemistry;
    • general urine analysis;
    • the study of discharge from the nose for bacterial flora allows you to determine the composition of the microflora;
    • histological examination.
  2. Instrumental research. These surveys include:
    • endoscopic examination of the nasal cavity;
    • performing radiographs of the paranasal sinuses;
    • computed tomography.

How to treat chronic rhinitis

Chronic runny nose in adults will be treated comprehensively most effectively. An integrated approach to treatment combines several methods:

  • Medical therapy.
  • Surgical intervention.
  • Physiotherapeutic procedures (non-drug treatment).

Non-drug treatment

It implies the elimination, if possible, of harmful factors that could contribute to the development of chronic rhinitis.

These include:

  • rehabilitation of diseases of the nasopharynx, paranasal sinuses;
  • treatment of general diseases (cardiovascular, obesity, kidney disease);
  • improvement of working and living conditions (elimination of gas and dust content in the air).

Medicines for adults

Treatment with medicines consists in the use of:

  1. vasoconstrictor drops, ointments that have anti-inflammatory and antiseptic effects, as well as astringents.
  2. If the patient has a fever, the doctor may prescribe antiviral and antipyretic drugs.
  3. When hard crusts appear, softening drops and sprays can be used. As a rule, they are developed on a salt or oil basis.
  4. The specialist may also prescribe antibiotics, but this depends on the clinical picture.

The success of treatment depends on the possibility of eliminating adverse factors that cause the development of chronic rhinitis. It is useful to stay in a dry warm climate, hydrotherapy and balneotherapy.

It is necessary to treat common diseases associated with chronic rhinitis, as well as to eliminate intranasal pathology (deformities, adenoid vegetations).

Local treatment consists in the use of antibacterial and astringent preparations in the form of a 3 - 5% solution of protargol (collargol), 0.25-0.5% solution of zinc sulfate, 2% salicylic ointment, etc. Assign to the UHF nose area, endonasally UVI (tube -quartz). The prognosis is usually favorable.

If the patient was diagnosed with vasomotor rhinitis, then hormonal drugs, antihistamines are prescribed, and blockades with procaine are performed. In some situations, rhinitis is treated with laser irradiation or photodestruction. In severe cases, the patient undergoes surgery.

With allergic rhinitis, antihistamines are prescribed for general and local use. Useful procedures are exposure to cold, breathing exercises, inhalations and the use of sorbents.

If the patient has atrophic rhinitis, then the therapy is as follows.

  • In washing the nasal passages.
  • In carrying out inhalations.
  • Lubrication of the nose with a solution of iodine on glycerin.
  • The use of rosehip oil and local aloe juice.

In chronic hypertrophic rhinitis, in the absence of a positive effect from conservative therapy, surgical treatment is indicated, which consists in removing the overgrown mucous membrane of the nasal cavity.

In most cases, the intervention is performed using a minimally invasive method:

  • electrocoagulation,
  • radio wave surgery,
  • cryodestruction,
  • ultrasonic or laser methods.

In some cases, with slight hypertrophy, a submucosal vasotomy is performed, during which the dissection of the vascular connections between the mucous membrane and the periosteum of the turbinates is performed.

Surgery

Often, only surgery can save from chronic rhinitis. Today's medicine offers a fairly large list of interventions:

  • ultrasonic disintegration;
  • radio wave disintegration;
  • cryodestruction;
  • laser destruction;
  • cauterization with an electrode;
  • removal of the posterior ends of the lower conchas of the nose;
  • cauterization of shells with trichloroacetic acid.

In chronic rhinitis, the operation is aimed at reducing the size of the turbinates, which should make it easier for the patient to breathe.

Surgical treatment of vasomotor rhinitis is carried out during the remission of the disease. It is shown in cases where there are factors contributing to the progression of the disease, namely:

  • violations of the normal anatomy of the nasal cavity (curvature of the septum, spikes, etc.), causing difficulty in breathing through the nose;
  • hyperplasia (increase in volume) of the turbinates;
  • purulent-polyposis processes in the paranasal sinuses and in the nasal cavity.

Folk remedies

  1. Garlic drops. Grind a medium clove of garlic, pour it with sunflower oil heated in a water bath. Then insist the resulting mixture for 4-5 hours, strain thoroughly and instill two drops into the nasal passages up to 4 times a day;
  2. Aloe drops. To prepare these drops, you will need aloe leaves, from which you need to squeeze the juice and mix with water, observing the proportions of 1: 1. The resulting solution is instilled five drops into the nose three times a day;
  3. Laurel drops. Bay leaves will help cure chronic runny nose, which should be mixed with half a teaspoon of salt, honey and pour boiling water over. Carefully place the infusion and cool to a temperature of 23 degrees. It is recommended to instill into the nose up to 4 times a day, three drops;
  4. Sea salt . One of the indispensable components for the treatment of the common cold. Sea salt can be bought at a regular store, it is very easy to prepare a solution for washing from it. Proportion: coffee spoon per glass.
  5. Iodine . This remedy has a pronounced antiseptic effect, therefore it perfectly kills pathogens that have penetrated the nasopharynx. To make the right composition, you need to dissolve 15 drops of iodine in a glass of water, and add half a teaspoon of sea salt.

Rhinitis, or simply a runny nose, is a common condition.
Few people take this disease seriously and deal with its treatment.
But, with the onset of cold weather, an untreated runny nose often becomes chronic and causes inconvenience.
Patients begin to think about the need for treatment.

Causes

Chronic rhinitis occurs against the background of prolonged or frequent acute inflammation. Factors that lead to rhinitis include:

Types and symptoms

Depending on the causes and clinical manifestations, there are several forms of chronic rhinitis.

These types differ somewhat in symptoms and require a different therapeutic approach.

catarrhal rhinitis

It is manifested by nasal congestion, most often in one nasal passage. The symptom is not permanent, but increases with adverse external conditions. The sense of smell is deteriorating.

There is little discharge from the nose, they are mucous in nature. With exacerbation, it can acquire a purulent course. Read about the treatment of chronic catarrhal rhinitis in children in the article.

Hypertrophic rhinitis

Constant inflammation leads to hyperplasia - the growth of the nasal mucosa. Hypertrophied mucosa blocks the nasal passages, compresses the lacrimal canal and the Eustachian tubes.

The pathological process makes it difficult to breathe, causes conjunctivitis and otosalpingitis.

Discharge from the nose becomes mucopurulent, plentiful.

This leads to a deterioration in the sense of smell, makes the voice nasal.

Hypertrophic rhinitis is characterized by headaches.

Atrophic rhinitis

The atrophic process in the nasal mucosa is its thinning. Dystrophic processes are accompanied by the release of viscous mucus. Because of her, which disrupt breathing.

Their removal can aggravate the process, because there is a risk of damage to the mucous membrane.

If an infection joins the sores that have arisen, a fetid runny nose - ozena () may occur. When, then with this variant of the course of the disease, the sense of smell greatly deteriorates, the balance of the microflora of the nasal cavity is disturbed.

allergic rhinitis

Clear liquid discharge from the nose, itching and burning that cause sneezing are signs of allergic rhinosinusitis (written) and rhinitis.

It can be permanent if the allergy occurs to household factors, or seasonal if the cause of the allergy is in flowering plants.

Vasomotor rhinitis

The only type of runny nose that is not caused by an inflammatory process.

Its cause is a violation of the function of the autonomic system. In addition to watery nasal discharge, sneezing, and congestion, vasomotor rhinitis causes a general deterioration in well-being.

Occurs due to stress factors or on the background of hypertension.

Diagnostics

Rhinitis is determined based on the patient's complaints. Discharge from the nose is the basis for the diagnosis.

To determine the cause of the common cold and prescribe adequate treatment, additional examinations are carried out:

  • rhinoscopy;
  • laboratory research;
  • x-ray and tomography of the nasal sinuses;
  • allergic tests;
  • tank. sowing from the nose;
  • histological examination.

Features of treatment

There is an opinion that a runny nose does not require treatment and disappears in a week, even without the use of drugs.

But those who are faced with chronic rhinitis are looking for ways to treat it, which, as it turns out, are rather complicated.

General principles

Activities have a positive effect, regardless of the form of the disease.

Nasal lavage.
For this purpose, use a weak saline solution or herbal infusions.

Salt solution can be purchased at a pharmacy or prepared independently:

  • To do this, dissolve one teaspoon of salt in half a liter of water.

Inhalations.
In a steam inhaler, you can use infusions of the above herbs, potatoes, pharmacy products for inhalation.

Nasal instillations are vasoconstrictor drugs.

Also used drops and sprays, which include essential oils.

infusions made from herbs such as:

  • calendula;
  • succession;
  • chamomile;
  • eucalyptus (read how to do inhalations);
  • sage.

Features of therapy of various forms of rhinitis

After the cause of chronic rhinitis is determined, the doctor prescribes individual treatment. It acts on the source of inflammation.

The therapy does not require constant medical intervention and can be carried out at home.

Folk methods

Long-term use of drugs in the treatment of rhinitis can lead to a decrease in their effectiveness. In this case, you can use traditional medicine recipes.

Possible Complications

If a runny nose is not treated, it can lead to complications. The inflammation spreads to the sinuses and, depending on the localization, causes sinusitis, frontal sinusitis or sinusitis.

To prevent complications, you need to know the symptoms for which home treatment is not possible.

These include:

  • severe headaches;
  • purulent discharge from the nose;
  • persistent increase in body temperature.

Prevention of the common cold

It is not always possible to prevent rhinitis. But a number of preventive measures can increase the likelihood of staying healthy.

One way is to take immunomodulatory drugs during the season of colds. Prophylactic washing of the nose also gives some effect.

If prevention concerns allergic rhinitis, then the maximum protection of the patient from allergens will be appropriate. Prophylactic administration of antiallergic drugs is recommended.

Chronic rhinitis is a disease that brings discomfort and inconvenience. It can also cause more serious illnesses.

Timely treatment and preventive measures reduce the risk of complications and speed up the healing process.

Watch the video on how to treat a chronic runny nose.

The symptoms of a runny nose are familiar to everyone. Discharge from the nose, a nasal voice, shortness of breath sharply worsen the general state of health, causing obvious discomfort.

Most often, a runny nose goes away within a week. However, there are situations when the disease with annoying symptoms lasts for years, then subsides a little, then becomes aggravated again. Then we can talk about the presence of a chronic runny nose or rhinitis, which is not just a local problem, but a serious disease, a pathology of the body 1.

Causes and types of chronic rhinitis

The most common cause of a runny nose, including chronic runny nose, are respiratory diseases, especially in the autumn-winter period. A person with good immunity should not have any particular problems with bacteria and viruses that cause disease. If the local immune defense is reduced, under the influence of viruses and bacteria, the nasal mucosa may swell or, conversely, become thinner, which creates conditions for the transition of the common cold into a chronic state 2 .

Other causes of chronic runny nose in adults can be 3:

  • Long-lasting bacteria and viruses in the body
  • Chronic inflammatory diseases of the nasopharynx - sinusitis, adenoids in children, tonsillitis
  • Hereditary or acquired predisposition to allergies
  • Regular runny nose that occurs against the background of SARS
  • Anatomy changes, such as a deviated septum
  • Constant exposure to the nasal mucosa of damaging factors such as dust, odors, harmful fumes and more
  • Recurrent hypothermia, often associated with excessive exposure to cold air
  • Pathologies of the body that can affect the general condition of the body and specifically on the nose
  • Surgical operations performed, including successful ones

The following 2 diseases can support the inflammatory process of chronic rhinitis in adults:

  • Bronchial asthma
  • Pollinosis is a seasonal disease that manifests itself in the form of an allergy to pollen.
  • Sinusitis
  • Chronic tonsillitis

The causes of chronic runny nose in children are similar, but are more often associated with incessant acute colds that undermine fragile immunity. The problem is aggravated in the presence of hypertrophic growths of the tonsils, the so-called adenoids 2 .

It is also necessary to distinguish between the types of chronic rhinitis, because the ways of further treatment 3 will depend on this:

  • Catarrhal chronic coryza. Common and habitual runny nose. Grows from prolonged acute rhinitis and prolonged viral and bacterial infections
  • Allergic rhinitis. Recently, the most common type of rhinitis. It can appear all year round, every day. It is enough just to inhale an intolerable allergen, after which the nose instantly reacts with narrowing and swelling of the passages
  • Hypertrophic coryza. Inflammation of the nasal mucosa. It is extremely difficult to treat and complications are possible in the form of an increase in bone tissue
  • Atrophic coryza. Crusts and indurations in the nose. Viscous, thick and foul-smelling discharge. The danger lies in overgrowing and a fetid runny nose (ozena)

    • Symptoms of chronic rhinitis in adults and children

    Despite the fact that the symptoms of chronic rhinitis in adults are observed all year round, periods of exacerbation and remission are distinguished in the course of the disease. During the period of remission, the signs of the disease subside, and during exacerbation they are rapidly manifested.

    The most characteristic symptoms of chronic rhinitis 3:

    • Nasal congestion
    • Mucous or mucopurulent discharge from the nasal passages
    • Blood streaks in secretions
    • Headache
    • Deterioration in general well-being
    • Dry mouth due to difficulty breathing through the nose
    • Prolonged temperature increase in the range of 37–37.5 ° C during an exacerbation

    During remission, nasal congestion decreases, but dry, painful crusts appear in the lumen, which bring significant discomfort when breathing.

    Symptoms of chronic rhinitis in children during an exacerbation are especially pronounced. It becomes impossible for children to breathe normally, cough and sore throat often join. In severe cases, the disease can provoke stenosis of the larynx - a dangerous complication in which the airway patency deteriorates sharply 3.

    A long-term runny nose can lead to the formation of polypoid outgrowths in the nasal passages. They close the lumen of the nose, which greatly complicates conservative treatment. Because of the violation of the outflow from the maxillary sinuses, sinusitis often develops - inflammation of the paranasal sinuses. During periods of pronounced activity of the pathogen and with weakened immunity, the infection from the inflamed sinuses is able to penetrate into the brain. As a result, meningitis occurs - an inflammatory process in the lining of the brain 3 .

    Do not confuse a runny nose with sinusitis - inflammation of the paranasal sinuses. Diseases are different, but sometimes they occur simultaneously due to weakened immunity. With this option, it is necessary to restore immunity as quickly as possible and defeat all provoking infections, most often SARS.

    Treatment of chronic rhinitis in adults and children

    After clarifying the symptoms and determining the type, the question remains how to treat chronic rhinitis. It’s worth starting with the fact that it is necessary to treat it. Chronic runny nose is already a running form, which can lead to undesirable consequences. This is especially worth considering for chronic rhinitis in children.

    Treatment is prescribed after establishing an accurate diagnosis, in which the cause that provoked the disease and the specific type of chronic rhinitis will be clear. Some medications can be harmful and make the problem worse if used without identifying the cause.

    It is necessary to treat chronic rhinitis not only during the period of exacerbation, but also in the stage of remission. As a rule, therapy includes 4:

    • Local application of vasoconstrictor and hormonal agents
    • Stimulation of immunity
    • Elimination of factors provoking an allergic reaction, if any
    • Taking antiviral and antibacterial agents, especially during an exacerbation
    • Physiotherapy
    • climatotherapy

    5 specific goals must be achieved:

    • Reducing the number of microbial pathogens
    • Restoration of breathing
    • Removal of edema
    • Restoration of general and local immunity
    • Healing of all consequences and changes
    • Cessation of secretions
    • Complete inhibition of the inflammatory process

    To get rid of chronic rhinitis, various drugs are used, focusing on the cause of the disease. The most widely used drops and nasal sprays. The most popular type are various vasoconstrictor drugs that are prescribed for almost any cold, but they do not cope with the treatment of the main problem and give only a short-term effect, in addition to this, they are addictive 5.

    IRS ® 19 drug for the treatment of chronic rhinitis

    One of the most important tasks of complex treatment of rhinitis is to increase local immunity. For this, immunomodulators, for example, IRS®19, can be used.

    Due to the local nature of the action and the convenient form of the spray, IRS®19 successfully fights harmful microorganisms right at the site of infection, thereby reducing the severity of inflammation. Bacterial lysates activate local immunity, due to which periods of exacerbation of chronic rhinitis are significantly reduced 6 .

    With regular use, the drug strengthens the body's immune properties, reducing the number of infectious diseases. At the same time, unlike vasoconstrictor sprays, the drug has a long-term effect that can last up to 3-4 months 6 .

    The drug has practically no contraindications and it can be prescribed to children from the age of 3 months. Therefore, IRS®19 has been widely used in pediatric otolaryngology 6 .

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