Overweight. How to lose weight without harm to health? When is weight considered overweight and how to deal with it

How does being overweight affect sexual function? Being overweight is not only aesthetic problem but, above all, a health problem. Because it contributes to the development of many diseases, such as atherosclerosis, diabetes or arterial hypertension, and may also affect sexual dysfunction. Effects overweight It is also a decrease in libido and fertility problems. This type of disorder is observed in both women and men who have problems with overweight body.

One of the main causes of decreased libido

For both women and men, being overweight is one of the main causes of decreased libido. People who are fighting overweight or, very often suffer from fatigue, drowsiness, they lack energy. In addition, many of them have low self-esteem, especially in intimate relationships.

The presence of cellulite and stretch marks in women contributes to the appearance of complexes and discomfort in intimate relationships with a partner. All of these factors contribute to a decrease in the desire to have sex, and this problem is exacerbated by the influence of stress.

It should also be mentioned that the result of being overweight is the appearance of many diseases, such as diabetes or hormonal disorders. In men with diabetes and a high BMI, testosterone levels, a hormone needed to maintain proper sex drive, feelings, desire and excitement, drop. A similar effect on the sexual functions of women and men has atherosclerosis or arterial hypertension, which often accompanies overweight and obesity.

Excess body weight affects erection problems

Does excess weight for potency? Excess body weight in men significantly affects erection problems. Erectile dysfunction is associated with its absence. Difficulties with erection in men who suffer from obesity are most often the result of:

overweight - a violation of blood flow in the vessels that supply the penis;

atherosclerotic vascular lesions;

a decrease in the level of testosterone necessary for the appearance and maintenance of an erection;

production female hormones in men, because of too high content body fat;

the appearance of inflammatory processes in the genital area.

Besides, male type obesity, that is abdominal obesity, significantly complicates sexual intercourse, which can further exacerbate erection problems.

Diet for weight loss in disorders of sexual function

The fight against too much body weight will significantly improve well-being in all areas of life, including in the sexual sphere. Reduced libido caused by being overweight can lead to permanent dissatisfaction, worsening mental state and even depression.

In addition, it has been found that in obese people, the ability to conceive is weakened, for example, in men, the quality of sperm deteriorates. Therefore, the fertilization process is much more difficult, which is especially important for couples who want to have children.

It is advisable to use a weight loss diet for disorders of sexual function, aimed at reducing weight, respectively, balanced for the presence of nutrients and selected in terms of calories individually in accordance with the needs of the person. In addition, it is worth adhering to several rules that may further affect the increase in libido.

It is necessary to include food in the diet:

Need to ensure correct dose proteins that, in the case of men, influence the stimulation of testosterone production. Therefore, indispensable components of the menu should be products such as lean meat, fish, eggs, milk and dairy products.

It is necessary to include food in the diet, which is a source of zinc, which has a beneficial effect on sexual function. Zinc can be found in oysters, meat, fish, and grain products from whole grain and leguminous plants.

It is worth increasing the consumption of oily sea fish, which contain unsaturated fatty acids, which increase the level of dopamine, which is involved in the occurrence of arousal.

The inclusion of foods rich in folic acid in the diet is recommended. It is present mainly in green vegetables. Folic acid, affects not only the increase sexual activity but also increases fertility.

The introduction to daily menu nuts and seeds, for example, as an addition to meals or snacks between meals. Since they contain many compounds that have a positive effect on libido.

What is overweight? It is a field of study in endocrinology and dietetics and is of interest to many areas of medicine as one of the predictive factors. various diseases. According to statistics, children and adults are equally susceptible to obesity. Obesity is often accompanied by sleep disturbance, posture, diseases of the musculoskeletal system, cardiovascular and respiratory systems.

Against the background of increased body weight, it is recommended to conduct examinations more often, follow medical recommendations to reduce excess body weight. To eliminate obesity, patients undergo a course of treatment from medication and physiotherapy correction. Many have to comply long mode medical nutrition. Complications of being overweight are always serious, which is why it is so important to take care of your own health in the early stages of the development of pathology.

The nature of the pathology

Obesity (from the Latin “obesitas” - nourishment, fullness) is characterized by excessive accumulation of fatty tissue in the human body. It is characteristic of pathology chronic course, since the processes of accumulation and preservation of fat in the subcutaneous structures last for years. In rare cases, patients gain weight within a few weeks. Violation of the mass, that is, the primary process, occurs due to overeating, inactivity, lack of proper diet. The development of complications against this background is secondary. All of them bring colossal harm to health, often irreversible.

Obesity is determined not only by measuring weight, but also by measuring the volume of subcutaneous fat. AT clinical practice The following indicators are of particular importance for determining body weight:

• body mass index (fat index or BMI);
• waist circumference;
• parameters of the ratio of waist and hips;
• anthropometric indicators (measurements of skin folds).

Important! Body mass index is a determining factor in the clinical diagnosis of obesity. Patients can self-determine possible risks the appearance of pathology using conventional weighing.

Stages of obesity and calculations

Overweight in patients is classified according to the severity of the course according to the change in body mass index (BMI). Clinicians distinguish 4 main stages in the development of pathological fat accumulation:

• Stage 1 - BMI varies from 25 to 30 kg / m 2;
• Stage 2 - BMI ranges from 40 kg / m 2;
• Stage 3 - BMI varies from 40 to 50 kg / m 2;
• Stage 4 - BMI exceeds 50 kg / m 2.

Already at the first stage of the development of pathology, patients feel the first signs: nausea, shortness of breath even with slight physical exertion, fatigue, sweating. Early obesity provokes exacerbation of existing chronic diseases, entails the formation of new pathological abnormalities. Excess weight is directly related to a change in the function of many internal organs or systems.

Calculation rules

Body weight is considered superfluous, at which BMI strongly deviates from the norm in relation to the height and body weight of the patient. Today, there are many methods for determining excess weight in people of any age, but the simplest one is calculated by the formula: height in cm - 100. The resulting value should vary within an error of 10%. A strong excess indicates the presence of excess body weight. There is an example for calculation rules. So, height 180 cm, weight 90 kg. According to the formula, 180-100=80 kg. 10% of 80 = 8, which means the optimum for this patient is from 72 to 88 kg. Calculations indicate an excess of the recommended weight by 2 kg.

These calculations are rather approximate, which is unacceptable in the diagnosis of obesity with serious complications, as well as in childhood. To eliminate an error of 10%, doctors resort to calculating BMI using the formula: weight (kg) divided by height in meters squared. In the calculations, you can focus on the following example. Height 180 cm, weight 90 kg. BMI = 90 / 3.24 = 27.7. This indicator means pre-obese according to the overweight classification.

Weight control can be done at home. You need to weigh yourself every morning, on an empty stomach, after going to the toilet. For the accuracy of the data, it is better to weigh yourself without clothes or in the same clothes. In addition to weighing, you can measure waist circumference once a week to determine by doctors the redistribution of fat over a certain period of time.

Physiology

Physiological or metabolic processes in overweight are changes in the composition and volume of fats, proteins, carbohydrates. The mechanism of fat formation is due precisely to violations in the digestion and assimilation of these main components. Entering into digestive tract, fats break down into fatty acids, fats and glycerol compounds. One part is absorbed through the intestinal wall and distributed throughout the body for the implementation of biochemical processes, the other is deposited in the subcutaneous adipose tissue, provoking the accumulation of fat volume.

Carbohydrates in the complex processes of food digestion are transformed into monosaccharides (breaking down into fructose and glucose) and enter the bloodstream. In muscle and liver structures, monosaccharides are converted into glycogen, and in excess they are deposited in subcutaneous fat. In the exchange of carbohydrate-containing compounds, insulin is of key importance. It is he who converts glucose into glycogen, deposits it in adipose tissue.

In fat metabolites, leptin plays a huge role, which prevents excessive accumulation fats. Metabolic disorders lead to gynecological diseases and endocrine disorders in women, provoke in men impotence, other serious pathologies from vital organs.

Features in children

The definition of excess weight, as well as diagnostic measures for obesity in children, differ significantly from adults. The difference is due to the constant change in the height and body weight of the child at a certain age. BMI is especially difficult to calculate during puberty, during the period of rapid growth of the skeleton.

Girls during puberty and later have physiologically more body fat than boys. BMI indicators at one age can signal the occurrence of obesity, and at another state the absolute norm. In clinical practice, a special chart is used to determine the health of a child at different ages.

So, if the BMI of a child exceeds the BMI of other children by 10%, then it can be attributed to the risk group. If the child's BMI exceeds more than 90% of the BMI of other children in the measurement group, then there is clearly obesity. Parents need to be attentive to the development and physique of their own child. High performance BMI against the background of active physical life, playing sports is a signal of the development of pathological conditions in the child's body.

Predisposing factors

The main causes of overweight are considered to be violations of biochemical processes inside the body caused by various internal or external factors. The triggers for the development of pathology can be considered:

1. Metabolic disorders. The mechanism for the development of metabolic disorders is simple - a person consumes more energy than he spends in a day. Abundance, excessive eating, nighttime snacking - all this leads to body fat.
2. genetic factors. With a hereditary predisposition, the likelihood of overweight (including diseases that led to obesity) in children with overweight parents is significantly increased.
3. Sedentary lifestyle. Sports and daily workouts consume fats, provoke the strengthening of muscle tissue, and prevent the deposition of fatty tissue in the subcutaneous tissue.
4. Lack of diet, bad habits. Alcohol (especially beer) contributes to the disruption of metabolic processes in the body, leads to the deposition of fat in the thighs and abdomen in men, women, and adolescents. Eating at different times, snacking on fast food and eating aggressive foods (salty, spicy, sour, fried) contribute to the development of obesity.

Lack of normal balanced diet in children of different ages quickly leads to an increase in body mass index. In developed countries, it is customary to monitor the weight of the child, and with predisposing factors, engage in regular prevention of dangerous obesity. Special meaning have active games and physical education classes at school, in kindergarten.

Symptoms and signs

In some patients, even a 5-10% deviation from the normal weight can cause some discomfort in the form of heaviness, a feeling of fullness in the stomach, and shortness of breath. With a significant deviation of BMI from the norm, all categories of obese patients experience characteristic signs:

• severe shortness of breath with little physical exertion;
• bouts of hunger;
• violations menstrual cycle among women;
• swelling of limbs, face in the morning;
• stretch marks (small striae) in the neck, décolleté, thigh and abdomen;
• arterial hypertension.

As the pathological condition the way of life of the patient also changes: physical activity decreases, the psychological state is disturbed. Adolescents tend to be left alone because of the ridicule of their peers, self-esteem and personality assessment breaks down. For many obese people, being overweight means being alone, eating too much food. An important part of the treatment of this disease is psychological assistance.

Effects

Excess fat is always serious complications, as it is the determining link in many diseases. For the prevention and treatment of almost any somatic pathology, weight loss or stabilization of normal weight is important, active image life and diet. Not to be underestimated negative impact fat on musculoskeletal system. So, even 3-4 kg of excess weight exert a daily load on the spine, lower limbs, leading to the development of destructive-degenerative processes. Particularly important consequences of obesity include:

1. Cardiological diseases. When overweight, the heart needs to work several times faster, which leads to the development of hypertension and hypertension. Cholesterol accumulates in blood vessels, forming plaques - common cause atherosclerotic changes, heart attacks and strokes. With hereditary or autoimmune-induced obesity, the patient's clinical history often has left ventricular heart failure.
2. Liver diseases. The liver suffers from the use of poor quality or aggressive food, alcohol. The structures of the liver are oversaturated with fats, causing fatty liver or steatosis. Complications of the disease can be cirrhosis and other destructive processes leading to liver failure and death of the patient.
3. Pathologies of the digestive tract. The stomach and intestines are subject to serious stress when overweight. distended stomach requires more and more food, the mucous membranes of the internal organs are constantly irritated. Obese patients often suffer from heartburn, flatulence, constipation and unstable stools.
4. pituitary and thyroid. The human endocrine system reacts strongly to weight fluctuations, responding to weight gain. hormonal disruptions, decreased immunity. The main danger from endocrinology is the formation of diabetes mellitus.

Important! Excess weight can cause kidney disease, the formation of oncogenic tumors different localization and genesis. Joint diseases with an increase in obesity begin to progress, patients experience severe pain in the limbs, limitation of mobility, up to its complete limitation.

Complications during pregnancy

During pregnancy, women undergo a mandatory monthly examination by a gynecologist to identify possible abnormalities in the development of the fetus. In addition to screening studies and ultrasound of the fetus, the woman herself is also examined, revealing edema, parameters of the growing abdomen, and the woman's weight. Tracking the dynamics of weight allows you to respond in time to strong jumps in BMI. The danger of being overweight during pregnancy is obvious. It can cause:

• the formation of varicose veins of the lower extremities;
• edema;
• arterial hypertension;
• hemorrhoids;
• complex and long labor because of the big baby.

Weight during pregnancy is gaining imperceptibly, a woman allows herself more sweets, starchy foods. Almost all family members are condescending to the preferences of a woman during this period, which is fraught with unpleasant consequences for the body of the child and the woman in labor.

Treatment tactics

Before treating overweight in children and adults, a comprehensive diagnosis is carried out for possible diseases, which could provoke an increase in fatty tissue. Additionally, they take blood tests, urine tests of various directions, prescribe instrumental studies if necessary. The treatment of obesity is always complex and involves the following steps:

• medical nutrition;
• sports or exercise therapy;
• massage and apparatus treatment;
• homeopathy and medicines;
• surgical operation (vacuum liposuction is used).

It is worth noting that surgical correction is a temporary panacea for excess weight and is ineffective if all other rules of a healthy lifestyle are not observed. When excess fat is removed using a vacuum, it will return again after some time after the patient's transition to the usual way of life. The method has many contraindications, long recovery period, complications.

Diet

To provide the body of an adult with all useful and nutrients it is enough to use a single serving of 250 gr. Preference should be given to fresh quality products. The basic rules of clinical nutrition and any diet include:

• food in small portions, but often;
• adherence to the schedule of eating;
• "slow" food with a long chewing of each piece.

Between meals, you should drink clean water without gas, brush your teeth. This way you can prevent hunger. The diet will be effective if the patient leads a socially active lifestyle, participates in many activities, is busy at work. It is only important to remember to eat at certain hours (breakfast, lunch, afternoon tea, dinner). The last meal should be 4 hours before bedtime.

If you are slightly overweight, you can drink a course of vitamins and metabolism-improving drugs. All medicines are prescribed by a doctor in a certain dosage, in agreement (if necessary) with other specialists in the medical profile. AT severe cases patients may need the help of a psychologist or psychiatrist. With a burdened clinical history, it is recommended to prevent the development of exacerbations of various chronic diseases in time.

Obesity is a chronic deposition of fat in the subcutaneous adipose tissue. Pathology is dangerous with complications for the health of children and adults, which is why it is so important to respond in time to any changes in weight. Sports, an active lifestyle, attending massage sessions and attentive attitude to own body It will keep your weight in check and make you look slim.

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Overweight- this is the problem of a modern person who is practically unlimited in choosing products for his daily diet. If the problem of excess weight occurs in adolescence, then this negatively affects the entire subsequent life of a person. It is important to understand what overweight is, how to get rid of the "reserves" of the body and achieve full recovery health. Often the fight against excess weight is fundamentally wrong, as patients try to eliminate the consequences. And you need to act based on the assumption that overweight and obesity are the result of an unhealthy lifestyle, a systematic total violation of the rule for the ratio of the number of kilocalories consumed and spent while driving. Before you get rid of excess weight, you need to completely review your diet and eating habits. If this is done on time, then the excess body weight will “leave” by itself, without additional effort. And the most important thing to remember is that the fight against excess weight is not a one-time event. This should become your lifestyle.

Causes of overweight (excess) weight in a person

Considering the causes of overweight, many patients begin to look for a “magic panacea. Many are interested in whether it is possible to lose weight with the help of leeches and how many sessions are needed for this. Both questions are ambiguous. Leeches are not a fat burner, not a weight loss product, and not a miracle. But you can lose weight with the help of hirudotherapy. Just like getting better. A married couple came to me for treatment - she was for weight loss, he was for weight gain. Both were satisfied and achieved good results, which their friends and colleagues were not slow to tell about. Why, with the same approximately productions, some people can lose weight, while others get better? The fact is that both excessive thinness and heavy weight are not the norm. The main causes of overweight person is a failure in the metabolic process. Some produce more hormones than they need, while others produce less than they need. For some, the liver works like a “furnace”, burning everything that is needed and not needed - people say “not horse food”, while others have a “lazy” liver, is in a state of stagnation and fatty degeneration and cannot effectively burn extra fat and calories.

The reasons for the appearance of excess weight are different: some have enough enzymes in the pancreas, the other “sits” on the mezim all the time and the stomach practically does not work, therefore, it cannot effectively process food, it is deposited. And the intestines are also different: for someone, everything superfluous will be “thrown away” instantly, while for another, peristalsis is slowed down, the rectum has long lost its tone and the intestine is more likely to be a storage stool than an effective utilizer. You can talk for a long time about possible failures that led to the accumulation of excess weight. The essence is the same - until we put everything in order step by step important systems, including the endocrine, lymphatic, blood circulation, it is useless to starve and torture yourself with diets.

For an objective understanding of the problem, one must take into account that a healthy person cannot be fat or thin. A healthy person has the right weight because he is healthy. If you have obesity or excessive thinness, you are sick and you need to deal with the restoration of the body.

See how excess weight interferes with life - the photo shows physical limitations in mobility for a person with "curvy" forms:

Harm of excess (excess) weight for health: consequences and diseases

One of the predisposing factors for the occurrence varicose disease veins of the lower extremities is also overweight. The harm of being overweight is that it extra load for the heart, veins, arteries, legs, all organs and systems of your body. A frivolous attitude to this pathology as an exclusively cosmetic defect may do you a disservice.

Excess weight for the health of the legs and blood vessels is detrimental: varicose veins lead to swelling, changes in skin structure and, ultimately, to the formation of long-term non-healing trophic ulcers. Another formidable complication of varicose veins is thrombophlebitis. The formation of blood clots in the lumen of varicose veins against the background of venous congestion- an extremely unfavorable complication. Burning sensation, swelling, redness of the skin, fever, pain - this is a complex of symptoms that accompany thrombophlebitis of superficial veins. In the case of the spread of the thrombotic process to a deep channel, an emergency is required at all. surgical intervention- inaction can lead to death.

According to statistics, the consequences of being overweight are that such people age faster and live less. They are 3 times more likely to detect and less treatable diseases such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, 2 times more likely to have atherosclerosis, and also have a higher risk of developing cancer, lesions of the joints, blood vessels, gallbladder and other organs.

But the most common overweight disease that occurs in overweight people is high blood pressure (hypertension). Moreover, the pressure can “jump” too much periodically - during physical exertion, after a hard day's work, during a nervous driving situation, for example. Or it can constantly stay above 140/90 even in a relaxed state.

Prevention of excess weight: we remove risk factors

Obesity and similar eating habits are a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes. Endocrinologists begin to treat type 2 diabetes with the appointment of a strict diet, as well as moderate exercise. Prevention of excess weight is quite simple, but requires constant control. It is enough not to consume more calories with food than is potentially spent during the day. If you eliminate only such factors of overweight as overeating and a sedentary lifestyle, then positive dynamics will already be observed.

Primary obesity is not associated with any disease. It is caused by an excess of calories in food. It is typical for families where everyone is overweight or where a child is taught to “eat well” from childhood. it physical cause. Psychological - we seize stress. And not only stress, but also fatigue, any unpleasant emotions or even thoughts. The problem of being overweight is often a relationship problem. Sign up for a gymnastics group - both communication and movement!

Overweight (extra) weight: what to do, how to deal with it and win

Before you fight with excess weight, it is worth remembering that fat people they like to command others, but they absolutely do not know how to command themselves when they need to limit themselves in food or do gymnastics. Thousands of excuses come up, from “I already have a lot of things to do” or “tired” to “what can I change, I am the way I am. Where should I look for another job, another man, another life. In these matters, the will is completely turned off. People are ready to spend hours discussing various diets, ways to fight overweight, and cook various “healthy” dishes for their figure, but they don’t have half an hour of time to go to fitness. This is an addiction to food and habitual lifestyle. All this gradually leads to significant failures in the body - the work of all systems and organs is disrupted. Before you defeat excess weight, remember well that obesity is a metabolic disease.

Of great importance in the development of the disease are a sedentary sedentary lifestyle, lack of physical activity. Obesity is often accompanied by atherosclerosis, so a number of complaints from patients and objective symptoms associated with atherosclerotic changes vascular system and other organs - the blood thromboses, thickens, the lumen in the vessels narrows, the metabolism slows down, excess food is excreted worse and worse, especially in conditions of shortage clean water and movements. All this leads to general stagnation and, as a result, to violations of endocrinology. It is not the hormonal system that is to blame for excess weight, but excess weight is to blame for the appearance of problems with endocrinology. And then endocrinology does not allow you to lose weight. Therefore, if overweight appears, then the first thing to do is to abandon any experiments with diets that slow down the metabolism even more.

Watching endocrinology diseases and excess weight together, do not confuse which is primary. Start putting your body in order, and the work of the hormonal system will gradually improve. Of course, it also happens vice versa - first, nodes in the thyroid gland or a removed uterus, then weight accumulation - there are no questions here. But this is rare, and the situation is still corrected. But ask anyone - anyone is "to blame" for being overweight, but not the person himself: hormones, stress, sedentary work, etc. And where was the person at that time when he ate everything? Many fat people have a refrigerator full of sausages and meat, yeast bread “climbs” out of the bread machine all the time, but it’s not he who is to blame, but the “hormones”.

What weight of a person is considered overweight

Overweight should be considered one that exceeds ideal weight not less than 25%. The ideal weight is calculated according to special tables, which take into account the height, gender and constitution of a person. You can calculate the ideal weight using the formula: height in centimeters minus 100. If height is 160 cm or more, then you need to subtract not 100, but 110. Of course, there are more accurate formulas for determining weight. But, firstly, the weight is individual for each person and depends on the structure (width) of the bones, and secondly, our task is not to painfully calculate the grams of an ideal figure, but normal weight, which in a healthy person may fluctuate slightly, but does not go beyond acceptable limits.

There are four degrees of obesity. According to them, you can determine which overweight person can already be considered a serious disease.

• Obesity 1st degree- excess adipose tissue is from 10 to 29% of normal weight.
• Obesity 2nd degree- Excess body fat is between 30 and 49% of your ideal weight.
• Obesity 3rd degree- excess from 50 to 99%.
• Obesity 4th degree- excess of 100% or more.

Ways to get rid of excess weight: how to lose it without harm

A person, without thinking about the consequences, loves to eat a lot and tasty, especially at night. The stomach is stretched in volume, the feeling of fullness disappears, and these are dozens of extra pounds. Due to the lack of positive emotions, a person gets used to extinguishing troubles. delicious food. Bulimia (overeating) develops, and then sag and overweight. A neurasthenic complex appears - he is nervous all the time and chews all the time. Of course, you can not bring yourself to such a state - take action.

Consider ways to lose weight without harm to health and the main thing to understand is that we do not choose one of the methods, but organize complex impact on the body in order to restore all systems and organs of a normally and properly functioning organism, and not just lose a couple of tens of kilograms due to a hunger strike, which will immediately return after it ends. Since nutrition is the primary cause of metabolic failure, we change our eating habits to get rid of excess weight. A person weighing 60-80 kg cannot eat the same as a person weighing 120-140 kg. You wanted to become a different person - healthy, beautiful, fit, which means that everything will be different for you now: nutrition, movement, lifestyle and even the way of thinking. We form new habits. It takes 21 days for a human individual to form a new habit. Not so much, you can pull yourself together for this time, then it will become easier, and much will be perceived as already a familiar norm.

Diet for nutrition with excess (excess) weight

Food for overweight should be separate, light, lively. What does it mean? Less protein and fat and more fruits and vegetables. Restrict table salt, exclude flavoring seasonings, flavor enhancers and any active substances that stimulate the appetite. 1-2 times a week are carried out fasting days(kefir - evitaliya, fruit, vegetable). To eliminate the feeling of hunger for the sick, and an obese person is a sick person, frequent intake of low-calorie foods is recommended, one should not strive for a sharp weight loss in a short time. Following an overweight diet daily for many months is the most rational way to safely lose weight and get rid of obesity.

The main rule of an overweight diet for anyone losing weight is that you should never feel hungry. And this means that the food must be prepared in advance and it must be tasteless. And it is important that it is also separate - we do not need flatulence and a swollen stomach. Carbohydrates - separately, proteins - separately. Actually it's simple.

Food is prepared from the evening of the next day.

1. Unsalted buckwheat porridge.
2. unsalted boiled fish with vegetables.
3. Skim cheese.
4. Unsalted boiled chicken.
5. Unsalted fresh vegetable salad.
6. Fish or chicken - a very small piece - remember that the norm of the Ministry of Health for protein consumption, even for healthy people- 13-15% of the total diet. It's either a piece of fish or boiled meat- 2-3 times a week.
7. and borscht are vegetarian.

In general, when it comes to weight loss, it’s more correct to talk not about how much you need to eat, but about what you need to eat. Fruits, vegetables, with dried fruits or vegetables, freshly squeezed juices, "green smoothies", 1/8 of the diet is allocated for all proteins, a decoction of herbs - a liter, water - a liter. Exclude heavy, indigestible food, smoked meats, canned food, sweets. Instead of sugar - only, no more than 2-3 teaspoons a day. Bread - from wholemeal flour or with the addition of bran - 1 piece for each meal. Eating - frequent, fractional, do not stretch the stomach - eat little by little.

Treatment of overweight (excess) weight in order to correct and reduce

Appetite-reducing drugs are not recommended in the treatment of overweight due to possible complications and side effects. "Xenical", "Lida" and all other drugs have many contraindications and side effects. Dietary supplements are less poisonous, they will not be able to turn off the kidneys or spoil the intestinal biocenosis in the treatment of excess weight, but they can greatly weaken the tone of the rectum, since almost all contain strong laxatives. Some contain plants that are understudied, rare or tropical, not known to work in the future.

Besides not in a tablet an output. No pill can restore hormonal system, put in order the lymph to clean the blood from blood clots and blood vessels from plaques. Hirudotherapy along with complex recovery methods is the only way out if you do not want to lost kilograms get additional problems. Complex therapy includes gymnastics (running, cycling, dancing, swimming - any daily physical activity), hydrotherapy, recovery.

Hormonal imbalance- this is an imbalance of hormones in the body, which will bring problems not only with weight; but also in gynecology, the work of the heart, liver, pancreas, adrenal glands, (kidneys), thyroid gland. Take excess weight as a call of danger, as a cry for help from an exhausted tired body and “roll up your sleeves” for a phased and comprehensive help to it. Hirudotherapy well restores the work of the endocrine system.

When correcting excess weight, regular physical activity and an active lifestyle are important. Everything is good that can speed up metabolic processes in the human body. Acceleration of metabolism while reducing excess weight allows a person to lose weight naturally. At the same time, you need to drink as much as possible, in particular, plain drinking water, because hirudotherapy enhances water exchange in the body. Very good to drink herbal tea, as it helps to purify and renew the blood.

Hirudotherapy (staging leeches) in the treatment of obesity

It is very useful for obesity, because without pure blood there can be no normal cell division, metabolism, good production of enzymes and hormones.

Leeches in obesity improve the speed of blood flow - blood and lymph circulation, which, in fact, is the main problem. Leech saliva contains about a hundred enzymes, but in the treatment of cellulite, the most important are hyaluronidase and lipase (they have a therapeutic effect). Lipase breaks down fat, enzymes in leech saliva destroy body fat, eliminate " orange peel". There is a decrease in roundness problem areas, weight is normalized, the skin becomes firm and elastic.

When setting leeches for obesity, microcirculation of blood in tissues improves. A group of vasodilators and hirudins-anticoagulants make the blood more fluid. Vessels are cleared of microthrombi and cholesterol plaques, small additional collateral vessels are opened. This is very important in obesity, as adipose tissue poor blood supply and therefore accumulates a lot of toxins. Leeches also perform a good drainage function, that is, they suck stagnant venous blood from tissues.

Sessions and the number of leeches to achieve optimal weight need as many as needed to normalize metabolism. For some, 5-7 sessions are enough, while for others, 10-15 will not be enough. Someone's metabolism is changed slightly, and someone has nodes in the thyroid gland, problems with gynecology and prostatitis in a neglected state. Or, even worse, the thyroid gland, uterus or ovary has been removed - what is the norm here? One needs to lose 15-20 kg, and the other - 30-40. The work is different, the time and the number of leeches too, so we won’t talk about general schemes, and we will work as much as necessary to restore your body.

Do not rely on leeches alone in the treatment of obesity - as a monotherapy they are unlikely to help. Yes, they will do the main thing - they will cleanse the bloodstream and create all the conditions for the further normalization of systems and organs. But if you continue to eat sweets, pile meat and cakes in one heap, allow constipation and overeating, alcohol and smoking, instead of an exercise bike, sit in front of the TV and eat anyhow, no hirudotherapy will help. And nothing will help at all. Only with an integrated approach (nutrition, movement, water) can you restore all systems and get rid of excess weight. However, the reward will be not only normal weight and a beautiful figure, but smooth skin, healthy legs, strong knees, heart, long life in general and as a result - good mood and demand, respect and admiration of others.

We put leeches 1-2 times a week. No need to rush to put leeches on the cellulite area or on the stomach - it's useless.

First, the general universal course. Then the zone of the liver and hormone-dependent places - the thyroid gland, pancreas, adrenal glands, lower abdomen. And only then for cosmetic problems and, of course, directly to the areas of excess fat - let the leeches help to break it down and tighten the skin.

For example, an overweight person suffers from arthritis of the knees - this is common, since one problem leads to a second one and excess weight puts a lot of pressure on the knee cartilage, up to injury. After general course put on the area of ​​arthritis. The first session - under the knees (except for the fold) on opposite sides to the left and right (usually there are painful swelling that interferes normal blood flow to the knee), lumbar area (it refers to the legs). The second session - knees, on four sides, 1 piece each; where there are very painful or swollen places, you can leave 2 leeches. Then (break in the legs) put on the liver and the next session, for example, on the thyroid gland. After that, we again return to the arthritis zone - we repeat the first session all the way from behind, the second one in the same way - on our knees. We go further through the zones of endocrinology: a session - on the pancreas, a session - on the adrenal glands, a session - gynecology. If necessary, we again return to two sets on our feet. Usually, by this time, the knees practically do not hurt, there are no edema, he sleeps well, has a different kind of face, has significantly lost in volume and from 4 to 6 kg of weight. After that, we take a break for 2-3 months, during which we increase motor activity and continue clean living food. After the break, we continue the course. We work like this until we get the desired weight.

Lasciate ogni speranza, voi ch'entrate (from Italian "Abandon hope, everyone who enters here").

Obesity, or more broadly overweight, is slowly becoming one of the biggest health problems of the 21st century. It causes numerous negative consequences for human health, but also in addition is regarded by many as a vital aesthetic issue.

Obesity is generally considered to be a disease in itself, but it can also be a symptom of other diseases. It follows from this that persons prone to obesity should conduct the necessary studies to identify the cause of this disease, which must be treated. Who should take on this task? Often this pathology is dealt with just by the endocrinologist. Is it correct? Let's see.

Determination of the presence of obesity

Body mass index (BMI, BMI) is used to determine what body weight is normal for each person, it is effective in adults (but does not apply to pregnant women). This index is defined as the ratio of body weight (in kg) to the square of body height (in meters).

In order not to calculate quadratic equations, using a calculator, you can divide the weight by height (in meters, for example 1.76) and then again by the same number. normal value BMI is considered if it is 18-25. If the resulting number is lower, it is underweight, higher, overweight, and a value of more than 30 indicates obesity.

The definition of overweight and obesity based on BMI "works" only if the increase in body weight is due to excess adipose tissue. Sometimes obesity can be due to other causes, and then BMI is not effective: excessive body weight can be caused, for example, by edema due to various diseases, sometimes overdeveloped muscle tissue in exercising people or using pharmacological doping.

Exist various methods to objectively measure the actual percentage of body fat, however, this is usually not required. Is an increase in BMI associated with excess adipose tissue or it happened due to other reasons - in most cases, the doctor can decide after a small examination.

Causes of excess weight and obesity (more precisely, excess body fat)

A patient who has consulted a doctor about excess adipose tissue counts on help, and, in particular, on identifying the immediate causes. The ideal outcome would be if a disorder could be found that causes the patient to experience consequences such as excess adipose tissue. Then, after recovery (elimination of the cause), the weight will decrease to the required level, without forced any changes in habits and in the mode of life. Most patients have such expectations in relation to the work of an endocrinologist, most of them consider their way of eating correct, and, according to at least, unchanged. So, why does excess weight appear, if "once" it was not?

Sometimes it is possible to detect such a violation, which leads to this. Most often it is uncompensated (untreated) (compensated is not the cause of obesity), in men (deficiency of sex hormones), less often (Itsenko-Cushing's syndrome), other disorders are extremely rare, the discussion of which is beyond the scope of the patient guide.

However, it should be emphasized that people who develop these diseases do not deal with the usual excess of body fat: in the case of (thyroid insufficiency), weight gain is at least partly due to intercellular edema, and in patients with excessive amounts of adipose tissue trunk is accompanied by atrophy muscle mass limbs.

Most often, however, no methods confirm these violations, and an excess of adipose tissue is the result of an incorrect (excessive calorie content in relation to the required numbers) diet. Such obesity is called alimentary or primary, sometimes also simple (in foreign literature).

primary obesity

As you know, the risk of developing alimentary (primary) obesity:

• characterized by genetic conditioning;
• increases with age as caloric requirements decrease.

Why is this happening? Why does excessive appetite, there is an intake of excessive amounts of food in relation to needs, excessive accumulation of adipose tissue and a decrease in calorie requirements with age? These questions are still in the “not known” category. The results of obesity research can be defined by the words: "we see a tree, but we do not see a forest." Many hormones and other regulatory factors are known to influence fat accumulation, metabolism, or appetite. Unfortunately, scientists and doctors do not fully understand their significance in the case of primary obesity.

Among the few exceptions, one should include the one described in another article, and today not fully understood, although this phenomenon explains the problem only partially. In addition, diagnostic difficulties, the lack of studies on the effects of long-term growth hormone replacement, and the high cost of treatment limit the use of these advances in practice. Anticipating possible questions - diagnostics is not mentioned in contracts and directives of the Ministry of Health regarding endocrinological clinics. Even if this item is entered, the research costs exceed the money spent as a result of current contracts, which makes it impossible to fulfill them.

Thus, obesity is the result of the coexistence of genetic and environmental factors. The latter include, of course, physical inactivity and poor eating habits:

• binge eating;
• meals at any time of the day (the main meal in the evening);
• eating high-calorie foods(sweets).

Consequences of obesity

Frequent cases include situations in which overweight / obesity is not a consequence, but the cause of other disorders, for example, diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, hyperlipidemia (excessive levels of substances that transport fats and cholesterol in the blood), gout (joint disease caused by excessive deposition uric acid) and many others. Using lipid-lowering drugs or antihypertensive drugs will not reduce your weight. But limiting excess weight can reduce lipid levels or digital indicators blood pressure.

There are also other serious illness, such as polycystic ovary syndrome (), in which this relationship with obesity is not so obvious: it cannot be revealed that excess adipose tissue is the cause of this disease, but the correlation is visible - obesity and are often interconnected. Sometimes, by reducing body weight, it is possible to reduce the manifestations of other disorders.

Procedure for overweight and primary obesity

When overweight/primary obesity is already confirmed, the question arises - what's next? Further difficulties arise. As described above, with one exception, there have been no studies providing identification of "metabolic defects" that cause alimentary obesity in order to make a "correction of metabolism" on their basis. The effectiveness and safety of any drug that disrupts metabolism and allows you to “burn” extra calories, that is, get rid of excess fat in the body without changing eating habits and lifestyle, has not yet been confirmed.

Therefore, the only way out is to change your eating habits and lifestyle. Here the question arises, can such a tactic be called “treatment of obesity”? There is a psychological trap in this definition, because the very concept of "treatment" usually implies a passive position of the patient, whose only role is to "contemplate" the treatment, which in this case absolutely unrealistic.

So, how to correct the lifestyle that contributes to obesity and remove the wrong eating habits? Pay attention to the fact that laziness (doing nothing), like food, is pleasant, moreover, it is a manifestation of addiction, because these actions are on the list of mortal sins. Dealing with bad habits is exactly like breaking any bad habit and requires the same methods used in dealing with drug addiction. The purpose of our event will be to:

• increasing the level of physical activity;
• reduction in caloric content (energy value) of food.

Thus, we can imagine a method of dealing with this dependence:

Replacing pleasant with pleasant

There are many ways in which the pleasure associated with eating and doing nothing can be replaced with something even more enjoyable. All kinds of trips to the SPA, active outdoor activities, subscriptions to health and beauty procedures, etc. help in this. The very acquaintance with some of these offers ( nordic walking at sunset, a disco and karaoke in a club with prizes, etc.) is already pleasant, not to mention the very participation in this part of the entertainment industry. The variety of offers, each time with new ideas, also increase the attractiveness of lifestyle changes and make it possible to break the deadlock associated with old habits. It is only important that new habits are “rooted in the blood”, and that such impulses do not end at the very start.

You can’t afford to think that passive activities like massage or lying in the pool are enough to fight excess weight. There are too many passive activities that from the point of view of health have been introduced into the assortment of enterprises, sanatoriums and entertainment centers, but they are only an addition to active activities so that the proposal does not look too cruel, and the person believes that he has the opportunity to choose (between Thai massage and hot stone massage, etc.).

Social support groups

This is a very important method - it is difficult to fight habits on your own, it is easier in a group. There is a significant role to play here sports clubs, annual events, or simply groups of people running, swimming, walking, or riding together. Also, the previously described activities of enterprises, sanatoriums and entertainment centers contribute to the emergence of social support groups and healthy sports rivalry. Thus, if you want to fight excess weight, you should think about joining a social support group.

Traditional methods based on "strong will"

Theoretically, volitional methods should be the most effective, although in practice our "will" is often insufficient to achieve the goal, but why not try. Therefore, you should immediately analyze your eating habits and lifestyle, and then plan changes:

• Refusal to snack between meals and the fight against "small hunger". Unfortunately, if you want to lose weight, you can't avoid not being hungry for part of the day. In general, snacking between main meals can be considered the main cause of excess weight, since patients, as a rule, neglect their influence and recognize them as insignificant and unimportant, keeping in their minds a false confidence that they do not make mistakes in the diet.
• Planning the amount of food (the number of slices of bread, desserts, hot, fruit) and strict adherence to these plans, despite the feeling of hunger / satiety. This is an extremely important matter. Many obese people, and especially those at risk of developing diabetes, may suffer from reactive hypoglycemia - a decrease in glucose levels within 2-3 hours after a meal due to excessive secretion of insulin. This pathology is perceived as hunger and nervousness - if you hesitate with food, instinctively your hands reach for dessert, coffee with sugar, then fruit, and so on. The only way break „ vicious circle“Abstinence from food. In order to bear this unpleasant feeling, it is worth spending a little time and effort on gymnastic / sports exercises.
• A change in lifestyle, finally and irrevocably - a clear establishment of the time of eating throughout the day, for gymnastic / sports training. Sometimes you need to adjust/restrict opening hours to find time for these activities. As already mentioned, it is difficult to hope for weight loss without even being hungry during the day. On the other hand, everyone is well aware that it is difficult at this time to count on efficient work, therefore, for the period of such an unpleasant state, one can refuse the most important work e.g. before dinner.

Metformin

In the treatment of diseases associated with obesity, such as or , this drug is used, the action of which is so complex, and the effects are so numerous, that it can be included in the group of drugs that reduce body weight. So far, this has not been shown to be beneficial in common obesity, and there is no hope that metformin will lead to weight loss without changing eating habits and increasing physical activity. Its effect on weight loss is rather to facilitate adherence to normal eating habits by increasing insulin sensitivity and thus preventing the postprandial hypoglycemia described.

Medical methods - what not to use

There are many different medicines designed to help in the fight against excess weight. But, unfortunately, most of them will not stand the test of time. Below is a concise overview of current and past ineffective and ineffective pharmacological methods:

• Swelling drugs that fill the stomach - stimuli associated with the presence of foods (or substances that swell) in the stomach suppress the appetite center of the brain and stimulate the satiety center. After a promising start, it turned out that the body adapts to these stimuli. These funds even worsened the situation - in order to cause a feeling of satiety, it now takes large quantity food than before "treatment". Therefore, it was taken completely the right decision on the refusal to use this type of funds.
• Drugs that inhibit the digestion of food (most often fats). The result of the action of these drugs is the removal of undigested food, thus reducing its energy value. These drugs did not bring special results in the fight against obesity, since they do not affect the appetite/satiation center, which is key in this process, they do not limit the pleasures associated with food, so their effect cannot be significant. Instead, there is a risk of strengthening negative habits, that is, a lack of control over the energy value of the food taken: "I take the drug, so why bother with a diet." Currently, there is only one drug from this group: Orlistat (Xenical), a substance that inhibits the digestion of fats.
• Drugs that depress appetite centers. There is indeed a problem here. Avipron, Mazindol, Isolipan, Meridia (Zelixa) - how many drugs have been tested. The story is always the same ... A drug appears that inhibits the thirst center. Regardless chemical structure, the effect of such drugs should at least partially imitate the effect of psychoactive substances from the amphetamine group, since this is the essence of the effect. There are positive reviews about the action of the drug. After some time, it turns out that preliminary observations were too optimistic, in particular due to the fact that the drug does not provide a long-term effect. There are also descriptions of side effects - it cannot be otherwise if the drug is a psychoactive substance, and its use is becoming wider and covers all large groups patients. Thus, a decision is made to recall the drug from the market. Is such a decision correct? The last decision about Meridia (Zelix) can be considered controversial. Many other drugs are known to have unproven or negligible therapeutic effects, and each drug, if abused or thoughtlessly used, can cause side effects.
• Preparations that "enhance the burning of fats." Once again, I would like to emphasize that there are no such funds today. In the treatment of diseases associated with obesity, such as diabetes mellitus or, a drug is used that could be attributed to this group (metformin), but the expediency of using it in the case of primary obesity has not yet been proven. Sometimes there is weight loss after application various drugs when the described action comes from the psychologically adjusted behavior of the patient: the use of expensive drugs encourages changes, they “treat” by the fact that the patient is interested in what he eats, distributes motor activity. The black market, of course, offers many drugs from this group, which can act as a poison rather than a cure.

Pharmacological methods that may be effective

The European Medicines Agency has registered two drugs that are used in the fight against obesity. The first is Misimba, which contains naltrexone (a partial antagonist of opioids known to be physiologically present in the central nervous system) and Bupropion (used in the treatment nicotine addiction). These drugs resemble drugs used in narcology, and such is their concept of the mechanism of action. The previous effects of pharmacological treatment of drug addiction were not encouraging, so one cannot expect their amazing effectiveness. It is important to note the analogy between behavior in obesity and behavior in addiction treatment. When using a complex psychological help the remedy described may be a valuable addition.

Surgical methods

Surgery, now referred to as bariatric procedures, is one of the few treatments (in the traditional sense of the word) for obesity with proven efficacy and acceptable risk. Surgery obesity consists in interventions that reduce the volume of the stomach or create a “bypass” shortened food path through gastrointestinal tract. Previous observations are very encouraging. It also describes the effectiveness of these methods in the prevention of diseases associated with obesity (primarily diabetes).

Alternative to iodine treatment

If you have a sense of humor, dear reader, check out what can also be effective for obesity.