How to get rid of the psychological dependence on smoking and the physical dependence on nicotine. Reasons for smoking

Taking a cigarette for the first time, a person does not suspect that he is falling into a network, from which it will be difficult to get out. Addiction to nicotine, as well as to caffeine, alcohol and any drugs, does not go away on its own, but turns into physical and psychological dependence. The latter is more difficult to overcome. The brain remembers the pleasant sensations during the smoking process and requires them to be repeated. Before you start fighting nicotine addiction, you need to find out the motives that prompt a person to smoke.

Who is predisposed to developing psychological dependence

Nicotine, even in small doses, has a stimulating effect, so cigarettes in their own way diversify a boring life, make positive changes to it. Heavy smokers often suffer from bad mood, digestive disorders and consider cigarettes as a cure for these conditions.

Nicotine, combined with alcohol and coffee, is stimulating. People with other types of dependence are prone to psychological attachment to it, for example, from:

alcohol;
drugs;
gluttony;
gambling;
extreme sports.

predisposed to psychological dependence from tobacco several categories of the population:

How Psychological Addiction Occurs

Nicotine, getting into the body with smoke, spreads to all organs and systems (lungs, blood). The brain releases dopamine, it dampens the excitation of the central nervous system. There is a feeling of peace and relaxation.

With systematic smoking, the body adapts to elevated level dopamine, nicotine is quickly eliminated from the body, and the signal from the brain makes you smoke again. So a certain ritual is developed: every 2-3 hours, the smoker must raise the level of the hormone by smoking a cigarette.

Over time, the period without nicotine is reduced, and the number of cigarettes smoked during the day increases.

Signs and symptoms of addiction

Tobacco addiction does not appear on its own, it arises under the influence of harmful substances contained in smoke. Nicotine is the first and most dangerous component. This is poison. It has an exciting effect.

During the refusal of cigarettes and cleansing the body of toxic substances to which he is accustomed, smokers have following states discomfort:

All these are quite natural manifestations of cleansing the body of harmful substances. This state of affairs will soon pass. It is important not to panic and not to take up again tobacco products. We must try to get away from unpleasant symptoms, then this period will end faster and easier.

How to determine the degree of dependence

The less experience of a smoker, the easier it is to resist this habit. To determine the level of dependence on tobacco, ask yourself the following questions:

With a positive answer to all questions, you can understand that you have enough strong addiction from smoking and it will be difficult to cope with it.

The fight against addiction

It is difficult to get rid of addiction to cigarettes, but if desired, it is possible.

Prepare mentally. Determine for yourself what makes you smoke and whether you want to get rid of this habit. Are you ready to overcome difficulties? What will it give you?

It is necessary to determine the motives for getting rid of harmful and dangerous habit. To do this, psychologists are advised to answer the following questions for yourself:

Will life change after getting rid of addiction;
what happens if you continue to smoke;
what will not happen if you keep the addiction.

You need to quit smoking as soon as possible. Good motivation will help desire. Knowing how to beat the habit, decide why you need it. Gradually reducing the dose of nicotine rarely helps to quit smoking. You need to throw it sharply and immediately. It will be hard, but endure, because your health is worth it!

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Introduction

1. What is smoking?
2. Smoking and the psyche
3. What is withdrawal sickness?

Conclusion

Literature

Introduction

Every third adult inhabitant of the Earth is a smoker. In many countries, their number reaches 35-39% of the adult population. No downward trend in these indicators is visible. And nothing can reduce the number of smokers - neither stories about the dangers of smoking, nor high risk"acquire" a chronic disease, nor a smoking ban in in public places. And the worst thing is that only 3% of smokers have a habit. For everyone else, systematic smoking, in the end, ends with the formation of dependence.

As it turned out in last years, nicotine, as claimed by smokers, really helps to concentrate, facilitates memorization and weakens the reaction to stress. But only in small doses. In fact, nicotine is a truly unique substance: it combines the properties of a stimulant and a central depressant. nervous system. As a stimulant, it acts in small doses, and in large doses it quickly acquires sedative properties. smoking prevention correction addiction

For the treatment of smoking, both medical and psychotherapeutic methods are used. The effectiveness of a particular treatment method is largely determined by the form of tobacco dependence.

According to the clinical-psychological and follow-up studies, patients with psychosomatic form tobacco addiction are practically not amenable to psychotherapeutic treatment due to the lack of the necessary motivation: in their opinion, the deterioration of health is in no way related to smoking. A completely different matter is the use of psychotherapy, in particular the method of emotional stress therapy. Perhaps, having passed through so many sensations, the soul is not saturated with sensations, but is only irritated by them and demands more, and stronger and stronger, until final fatigue.

Alcoholism, drug addiction, substance abuse, and especially tobacco smoking is formed mainly in the process of socialization, but at the age of late maturity it is not very favorable for prevention and correction. This explains the relevance of the topic of addictive behavior of people of late maturity.

The awareness of most smokers about the consequences of smoking is limited to the well-known inscription on cigarette packs: "The Ministry of Health warns: smoking is dangerous for your health." Why it is dangerous, to what extent, how it threatens each of them - smokers, as a rule, do not know. At the same time, there are compelling statistics showing that smoking is one of the top human killers:

one third of all deaths from cancer associated with smoking

tobacco - main reason death due to heart disease, stroke and chronic diseases lungs;

currently in Russia 42% of cases premature death men aged 35-69 are associated with smoking;

in non-smokers who work or live in the same room with smokers, the risk of disease lung cancer increases by 34 percent, cardiovascular diseases - by 50 percent.

Unfortunately, these figures are no exaggeration. But even these data may seem unconvincing for many smokers, since they for a long time"feel" no harm.

1. What is smoking?

Smoking is a habit. Smoking is a very strong habit. Nothing prevents a person from smoking another cigarette, and it is still socially acceptable in many places.

Very soon smoking becomes an inveterate habit. The average smoker takes about 200 puffs a day. This equates to approximately 6,000 per month, 72,000 per year, and over 2,000,000 puffs in a 45-year-old smoker who started smoking at age 15.

For many smokers, smoking becomes part of their Self, and this internal perception of oneself is sometimes very difficult to change.

However, smoking is more than a habit. Tobacco contains nicotine, one of the strongest known poisons, which is used as an insecticide on the farm. All those forms of tobacco consumption that have become popular among the population contribute to the entry of nicotine into the bloodstream [Smoking, p.3].

After penetration cigarette smoke in the lungs, nicotine enters the brain in just seven seconds. Nicotine has a very a wide range actions. It increases heart rate, blood flow, blood sugar concentration, makes the cerebral and midbrain cortex more easily excitable, and can also have a relaxing effect on peripheral muscles and reduce peripheral blood flow. The importance of nicotine can be demonstrated by the following observations: people who have recently smoked quickly establish their characteristic puff depth. tobacco smoke, as well as the active level of nicotine in the blood; in heavy smokers, the mechanism for regulating the level of nicotine in the blood is activated; smokers want to smoke most of all when the concentration of nicotine in the blood decreases; nicotine replacement therapy partially reduces the severity of symptoms associated with smoking cessation.

It is preferable to avoid the word "addiction". When using this term, people may get the impression that it is impossible to quit smoking altogether. This is not true. There is such a possibility. It is important here to find language that, on the one hand, recognizes the potential difficulties associated with quitting smoking, and on the other hand, emphasizes the possibility of doing so.

Despite the fact that tobacco smoking is a strong habit and also a form of drug addiction, millions of people have succeeded in quitting smoking. In the UK, the number of smokers has decreased by about 10 million over the past 10-15 years. This means that almost 2,000 people quit smoking every day! [Smoking, c.4].

It is difficult even to list the harmful substances contained in tobacco, because they were counted almost 1200 [Smoking, p. 19].

2. Smoking and the psyche

A recent study in the United States found that people with mental health problems were twice as likely to smoke as fellow citizens without mental health problems.

The study was conducted at the Harvard Medical School. Data analysis was carried out on 4,411 people aged 15 to 54 years. The term "mental disorder" was used in a broad sense to include anything from delirium and schizophrenia to alcoholism and drug addiction.

Dr. Wesley Boyd, one of the authors of the study, admits that the number of cigarettes smoked by mentally ill people would be less if alcoholism were not included in the list of mental disorders.

The study, called "Smoking and Mental Disorders", found that 41% of people who had symptoms of a mental disorder during the month preceding the study were smokers. Among people who did not have such signs, only 22.5% smoked. It also turned out that people with mental disorders smoke 44% of total cigarette consumption in the United States.

Dr. Boyd believes that these two factors - smoking and mental disorders - mutually reinforce each other. "If you are a smoker, then you are more likely to develop a neurotic or psychotic syndrome," says Dr. Boyd. "Those who have a predisposition to mental illness are more likely to become smokers" [Smoking, p.42].

Tobacco is chronic intoxication organism. Tobacco poisons enter the body of a smoker, their destructive action However, many smokers do not feel much change in their well-being for a number of years. The insidiousness of smoking lies in the fact that severe, sometimes incurable diseases, which are caused by him, develop gradually and imperceptibly for the smoker himself. After all, in order to get lung cancer, you need to smoke for 10-15 years, ischemic disease hearts - 5-8 years old, etc. The preparation of the disease begins with the first cigarette, but outwardly relatively normal health in the first years of smoking determines the usual psychology of a smoker [Smoking, p.45].

3. What is withdrawal sickness?

Withdrawal illness is a collection of symptoms or signs of illness associated with the body's addiction to a particular substance.

This disease can be observed with the reduction or cessation of the use of any drug that causes physical dependence.

Such drugs include heroin, opium, LSD, pervitin, diphenhydramine and other sedatives, benzodiazepines, barbiturates, alcohol, nicotine.

Nicotine withdrawal disease most commonly presents with the following symptoms:

anxiety (87%)

sleep disorders (84%)

irritability (80%)

impatience (76%)

difficulty concentrating (73%)

restlessness (71%)

tobacco cravings (62%)

hunger (53%)

gastrointestinal problems (33%)

headaches (24%)

drowsiness (22%)

The percentage of smokers who have this symptom is indicated in brackets.

If you have most of the symptoms listed above when trying to quit smoking, and they are pronounced, then you are addicted to nicotine.

In this case, one of the ways to increase the success of your attempt to stop smoking in your case may be the use of medications to help quit smoking, in particular, nicotine replacement therapy [Smoking, p.131].

Conclusion

Many consider smoking a habit, believing that it is very easy to quit smoking, that it is only a matter of willpower. This is incorrect for two reasons. First, a habit is sometimes very difficult to change. Secondly, smoking is not just a habit, but also a certain form of drug addiction. There is also an opinion that smoking tobacco is an acquired reflex. People with mental disorders are twice as likely to smoke as non-smokers. mental disorders. In "smokers" there is a withdrawal disease - this is a set of symptoms or painful signs associated with the body's dependence on a particular substance.

Literature

1. Andreeva, D.A. Problems of student activity / D.A. Andreeva. - Rostov n / D .: Edema, 1975 - 159

2. Glukhanyuk, N. S. Late age and strategies for its development. / N.S. Glukhanyuk, T.B. Gershkovich. - 2nd ed. - M.: Moscow Psychological and Social Institute, 2003. - 112 p.

3. Godefroy, J. What is psychology: In 2 volumes / J. Godefroy. - T.2. - M.: Mir, 1992. - 376 p.

4. Dal, V.I. Explanatory dictionary of the living Great Russian language. In 4 volumes / V.I. Dal. - V.2.: M.: Publishing house "Russian language", 2002. - 2734 p.

5. Ivanov, G.G. Traditional and non-traditional methods of healing children. /G.G. Ivanov, V.N. Vorontsov - Izhevsk: Udmurt Publishing House. un-ta, 1996. - 677 p.

6. Ilyin, E.P. Motivation and motives / E.P. Ilyin. - St. Petersburg: Publishing house "Peter", 2000. - 502 p.

7. Korolenko, Ts.P. Sociodynamic psychiatry / Ts.P. Korolenko, N.V. Dmitriev. - M.: "Academic project", 2000. - 322 p.

8. Korolenko, Ts.P., Donskikh T.A. Seven paths to disaster: Destructive behavior in the modern world / Ts.P. Korolenko, T.A. Donskoy. - Novosibirsk, "NESTOR" 2005 - 296 p.

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How the psychology of smoking can help you quit smoking

So, if the psychology of both a beginner and a heavy smoker is always based on the illusion of individuality, then in order to turn him away from this bad habit once and for all, you should destroy it (the illusion) or show its reverse side. Coming to oneself with a cigarette (for example, in the morning with a cup of coffee, after a hard conversation with a boss, during a period of hard work), a person acquires for a while the ability to drown out all the experiences associated with an abundance of impressions. And not only negative, but also positive.

In other words, the smoker, acquiring an imaginary individuality, voluntarily gives up a significant part of his "I". Only from these positions is it possible to fight this bad habit and on the condition that the impact will be strictly individual in nature - with the help of a psychologist or at the cost of independent efforts.

Specially for Alexandra Maksimova

I’ve already quit a hundred times, ”Mark Twain justified.

If in men the beginning of smoking practice is associated with the desire to be an adult, to prove their worth - why a cigarette in adolescents is associated with maturity - a question for parents, then for girls, smoking is primarily associated with coquetry, with a desire to attract the attention of guys, especially those who which is older. Some people are delighted with smoking from the first puff, others feel sick a couple of times, but the desire to be like everyone else defeats the resistance of the body, and now the person is already reaching for a cigarette - first to the public, saying that he was nervous - it's time to smoke, then seriously - any stress. even the smallest excitement - associated, for example, with a sentimental song, calls for a puff.

“The reasons why a person goes to the smoking room with a cigarette are emotional,” agrees Pavel Staroshchuk, narcologist, Insight clinic. “But the real reasons for smoking are deeper and have to do with the psyche, not with emotions.”

A real understanding that smoking is harmful to health cannot come at the age of twenty - when you are full of strength and blush, you will not believe that shortness of breath happens in life, bad teeth and lung or lip cancer. But when the first illnesses appear, not even related to the habit, when the first thousand rubles are spent on pills, you begin to appreciate health. Just as a twenty-year-old is proud of the fact that he did not sleep for several nights in a row, and a thirty-year-old boasts that he managed to go to bed at ten, so smoking, which at a young age seemed to be something that was very important to know and have, eventually becomes something that is not needed.

But here the question arises that it is already difficult to get rid of pranks - it sucked: “You can talk about addiction when you want to stop and you can’t,” explains narcologist Pavel Staroshchuk. “But the fact is that many want to quit on a formal level, unconsciously wanting to continue smoking.” In general, according to a narcologist, all addictions are incurable, just like, for example, the ability to swim is incurable.

So when people talk about quitting smoking, we are talking not about a complete recovery, but about remission, which should be long, preferably for life. “Nicotine chemical dependence is not the main problem in quitting smoking,” writes Allen Carr in his legendary book The Easy Way to Stop Smoking. - She's easy to deal with.

The main problem is the mistaken belief that cigarettes bring you pleasure.” Indeed, at the physiological level, nicotine is eliminated from the body within a few days, but people can return to smoking in a year: “The fact is that most do not need tobacco in a cigarette, but that a lot of psychological problems- explains Pavel Staroshchuk. - Problems come from childhood, on an unconscious level in a stressful environment they cause great excitement, and from stress many people have good remedy- Ritualchik with blowing smoke.

And suddenly a person blocks his way to the smoking room, but it’s better for him not to get - the stresses are returning, only now he is left alone with them, and before he had chain mail - a cigarette.

If you just quit smoking cigarettes without being mentally prepared, a return to smoking is almost completely guaranteed. From the first time it is possible to quit smoking only for those who have a prosperous psyche without pitfalls, but for the most part people, according to experts, give up tobacco only on the fifth or even fifteenth attempt.

You need to approach quitting consciously, accustom yourself to the idea that although smoking is delicious, the smoke pleasantly tickles your throat, it’s time to give it up: “Like a nipple in childhood, it’s nice, but it’s time to quit,” the narcologist gives an example. But first you need to quit not a cigarette, but your usual attitude to life: “You can try to change the perspective of thinking, because most often we think negatively, and this causes depressive moods,” Pavel Staroshchuk suggests. “You need to not focus on the destruction of the enemy - smoking, but control the thinking that leads to the desire to smoke.”

So that the process of quitting is not painful, you need to place “prostheses” everywhere, so as not to torture yourself by giving up your favorite business, but to love, supporting in every possible way.

Inability to cope with stress. As we have already said, it is necessary to change consciousness and deal with childhood traumas. It is not always easy to do this yourself - why not take advantage of a trip to a psychotherapist?

Fear of gaining weight. The fact is that all dependencies stem from the same root, they are all a way to drown out internal problems. And if the "prosthesis" smoking is discarded, another one comes to the fore easy way distraction - food. “Smoking causes some atrophy of the walls of the stomach and sometimes smokers need special diet, but in 95% of the weight gain after quitting smoking is a habit substitution, - says Elena Nikolaeva, a nutritionist at the Sante Estetik beauty and health center. - A person replaces periods of smoking with periods of eating. To avoid the problem, it is worth making the food fractional, not three, but five times a day, so that you can chew something more often. It is even better to replace food with liquid - for example, herbal tea with a stimulating or calming effect.

Refusal to communicate with the usual company and alcohol. “Avoiding the company of smokers is not right - this is another minus for refusal, people begin to feel that they are falling out of society,” warns narcologist Pavel Staroshchuk. - It is more correct after a period of physical withdrawal to go to communicate with familiar people. And to position yourself as someone who has overcome a stage that other smokers have yet to come. This also includes alcohol - you need to wait out the withdrawal period and in the future, if the throwing is conscious, control yourself in situations with alcohol intake that can provoke depression.

There is nothing to keep yourself busy. You need to learn to be alone with yourself, learn to talk with yourself and not fill the void with cigarettes. “Often, people smoke out of boredom - there is simply nothing to do,” says the narcologist. “But as soon as a person gets carried away with something, he forgets about smoking.”

There is nowhere to put your hands - knit, pick a lilac branch, stroke a cat - there are a lot of “prostheses” in the beautiful world around.

And it is important to remember that if not inner desire quit smoking - nothing will work for you. Only if the consciousness completely switches to something more worthy than dodging problems and stops perceiving everything in black, smoking, as a result, and secondary factor will go away on its own. The warnings of the Ministry of Health do not work, they do not scare, but they put pressure on them, causing a desire to act out of spite. But realizing that smoking shows self-loathing can make a big impression on you: “Love yourself and stop smoking,” Allen Carr urges. Because if you can't love own person You will never learn to love others.

How to get rid of the psychological dependence on smoking and the physical dependence on nicotine. Reasons for smoking

Who is predisposed to developing psychological dependence

How Psychological Addiction Occurs

Signs and symptoms of addiction

How to determine the degree of dependence

The fight against addiction

Send your good work in the knowledge base is simple. Use the form below

Conclusion

Literature

Introduction

For the treatment of smoking, both medical and psychotherapeutic methods are used. The effectiveness of a particular treatment method is largely determined by the form of tobacco dependence.

1. What is smoking?

Smoking is a habit. Smoking is a very strong habit. Nothing prevents a person from smoking another cigarette, and it is still socially acceptable in many places.

Very soon smoking becomes an inveterate habit. The average smoker takes about 200 puffs a day. This equates to approximately 6,000 per month, 72,000 per year, and over 2,000,000 puffs in a 45-year-old smoker who started smoking at age 15.

For many smokers, smoking becomes part of their Self, and this internal perception of oneself is sometimes very difficult to change.

It is difficult even to list the harmful substances contained in tobacco, because they were counted almost 1200 [Smoking, p. 19].

2. Smoking and the psyche

A recent study in the United States found that people with mental health problems were twice as likely to smoke as fellow citizens without mental health problems.

The study was conducted at the Harvard Medical School. Data analysis was carried out on 4,411 people aged 15 to 54 years. The term "mental disorder" was used in a broad sense to include anything from delirium and schizophrenia to alcoholism and drug addiction.

Dr. Wesley Boyd, one of the authors of the study, admits that the number of cigarettes smoked by mentally ill people would be less if alcoholism were not included in the list of mental disorders.

3. What is withdrawal sickness?

Withdrawal illness is a collection of symptoms or signs of illness associated with the body's addiction to a particular substance.

This disease can be observed with the reduction or cessation of the use of any drug that causes physical dependence.

Such drugs include heroin, opium, LSD, pervitin, diphenhydramine and other sedatives, benzodiazepines, barbiturates, alcohol, nicotine.

Nicotine withdrawal disease most commonly presents with the following symptoms:

anxiety (87%)

sleep disorders (84%)

irritability (80%)

impatience (76%)

difficulty concentrating (73%)

restlessness (71%)

tobacco cravings (62%)

hunger (53%)

gastrointestinal problems (33%)

headaches (24%)

drowsiness (22%)

The percentage of smokers who have this symptom is indicated in brackets.

If you have most of the symptoms listed above when trying to quit smoking, and they are pronounced, then you are addicted to nicotine.

In this case, one of the ways to increase the success of your attempt to stop smoking in your case may be the use of medications to help quit smoking, in particular, nicotine replacement therapy [Smoking, p.131].

Conclusion

Literature

1. Andreeva, D.A. Problems of student activity / D.A. Andreeva. - Rostov n / D .: Edema, 1975 - 159

2. Glukhanyuk, N. S. Late age and strategies for its development. / N.S. Glukhanyuk, T.B. Gershkovich. - 2nd ed. - M.: Moscow Psychological and Social Institute, 2003. - 112 p.

3. Godefroy, J. What is psychology: In 2 volumes / J. Godefroy. - T.2. - M.: Mir, 1992. - 376 p.

4. Dal, V.I. Explanatory dictionary of the living Great Russian language. In 4 volumes / V.I. Dal. - V.2.: M.: Publishing house "Russian language", 2002. - 2734 p.

5. Ivanov, G.G. Traditional and non-traditional methods of healing children. /G.G. Ivanov, V.N. Vorontsov - Izhevsk: Udmurt Publishing House. un-ta, 1996. - 677 p.

6. Ilyin, E.P. Motivation and motives / E.P. Ilyin. - St. Petersburg: Publishing house "Peter", 2000. - 502 p.

7. Korolenko, Ts.P. Sociodynamic psychiatry / Ts.P. Korolenko, N.V. Dmitriev. - M.: "Academic project", 2000. - 322 p.

8. Korolenko, Ts.P., Donskikh T.A. Seven paths to disaster: Destructive behavior in the modern world / Ts.P. Korolenko, T.A. Donskoy. - Novosibirsk, "NESTOR" 2005 - 296 p.

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