Shock emergency action algorithm. Anaphylactic shock emergency medical care

There is an opinion that allergy, although it causes numerous inconveniences to the patient, is not life threatening state. This is not true. Allergies can manifest as anaphylactic shock, which, if not treated promptly, can be fatal. Any person, even without medical skills, needs to know what to do when anaphylaxis develops. AT difficult situations this will help to save health and, possibly, life.

The concept of anaphylactic shock

Shock is considered an acute reaction to a variety of allergens. When a compound is found in the body that is determined by the immune system as foreign, the production of special proteins, immunoglobulins E, begins. These antibodies remain in the blood, even if the allergen has already been removed from the body.

If the provocateur re-enters the bloodstream, these proteins combine with its molecules. Immune complexes begin to form. Biologically active compounds are released into the blood - mediators of an allergic reaction (histamine, serotonin). Network of small blood vessels becomes more permeable. The blood begins to go into the mucous membranes and subcutaneous tissue. This leads to the appearance of puffiness, thickening of the blood, the blood supply to all organs and tissues is sharply disrupted, and as a result, shock develops. Since there is an outflow of blood, its other name is redistributive.

What allergens can trigger shock?

Types of likely irritants:

Most quickly, a state of shock occurs when the provocateur is in the body by intramuscular or intravenous means. Slower - if the path was through the respiratory tract or skin. After eating, signs of anaphylactic shock are observed after 1-2 hours.

Signs of shock

Among the initial signs, patients call the fear of death, skin rashes, excruciating itching.

1. On the part of the skin and mucous membranes (in 90% of patients) - swelling of the larynx, lips, eyelids, limbs, the appearance of urticaria.
2. Defeat respiratory system(in 50% of patients) - shortness of breath, swelling of the throat, wheezing, cough, hoarse voice, stuffy nose, profuse mucus comes out of it.
3. Vessels and heart (in 30-35% of cases) - pressure reduction, rapid pulse, weakness, dizziness, maybe fainting.
4. With damage to the central nervous system seizures, headaches, hallucinations may occur.
5. Gastrointestinal tract (in 20-25% of patients) - spasmodic pain in the stomach, the person is sick, there is an urge to vomit, diarrhea, swallowing is disturbed.

Forms of anaphylaxis

Depending on the manifestation of the reaction, the forms are differentiated:

1. Typical (develops more often than others). After a sharp injection of histamine into the bloodstream, the patient feels dizzy, pressure drops, edema develops, and itching begins. The skin is pale, the lips are cyanotic. There is weakness, nausea, heart pain, nervous excitement and panic.
2. Asphyxic. Breathing is disturbed. There is swelling of the throat, shortness of breath, stuffy nose. If the patient is not helped, death by suffocation is possible.
3. Brain. There are malfunctions in the functioning of the central nervous system - loss of consciousness, a person is convulsing.
4. Gastrointestinal. The pressure can drop to 80-70 / 40-30 mm Hg, lips and tongue swell, abdominal pain, diarrhea, vomiting begin.
5. Anaphylaxis provoked by severe physical activity. The reaction can be started as excessive loads, and their combination with the use of allergen products or medication. It is characterized by a combination of all the manifestations listed above. Initial symptom - strong decline pressure.

Severity

There is the following classification:

• 1 degree characterized by pressure below the norm by 30-40 mm Hg ( normal pressure fluctuates in the range of 120-110 / 90-70 mm Hg). The person is excited, can develop panic attack. The reaction is manifested for 30 minutes or longer. Therefore, there is a great chance that first aid for anaphylactic shock it will be effective when a person is just anticipating the onset of an attack;
• 2 degree- symptoms develop from 10-15 minutes to 30 minutes. The pressure drops to 90-60/40 mm Hg, loss of consciousness is not ruled out. Also, since there is a margin of time, good chances for emergency assistance;
• 3 degree. Anaphylaxis develops in a few minutes, the patient may faint, systolic pressure is in the range of 60-30 mm Hg, diastolic is usually not defined. The chances of a successful therapy effect are low.
• 4 degree. It is also called fulminant (lightning) shock. Develops in a few seconds. The person instantly faints, the pressure cannot be determined. The chances of resuscitation are almost zero. Fortunately, grade 4 is extremely rare.

What to do with anaphylactic shock?

At the slightest suspicion that man goes development of anaphylaxis, an ambulance call is necessary. Prior to her arrival, first aid should be provided at home or where the patient has an attack. Therefore, you should know the algorithm for providing emergency care for anaphylactic shock. It is also necessary to take into account the factor that two phases are likely allergic manifestations. A second attack after a period of time from 1 hour to 3 days is not excluded.

Algorithm of actions before the arrival of doctors:

1. The patient should lie on his back, his legs should be raised, placing a pillow, roller, etc. under them to activate blood flow to the heart. Raise the head if the tongue sinks, or turn to the side if vomiting begins.
2. Open windows and vents for access fresh air.
3. Unfasten clothes on a person, loosen fasteners, belts.
4. If possible, remove the allergen (pull out the insect sting from the bite site, do a gastric lavage if the allergy has appeared on food). It is recommended to apply a piece of ice to the wound or tighten the tourniquet above the affected area in order to reduce the rate of penetration of the irritant into the bloodstream.
5. First aid implies the need for injections of adrenaline. They should be done immediately, as soon as the first manifestations of shock appear. A 0.1% solution is injected intramuscularly, intravenously (drip, jet) or under the skin. It is difficult to provide intravenous administration at home, therefore, intramuscular administration is more often practiced. outer side in middle part hips, possibly through clothing. Dose for adults - 0.3-0.5 ml, for children - 0.1 ml. If not immediately pronounced effect, do repeated injections after 5-10 minutes. Maximum total dosage- 2 ml for adults, 0.5 ml for children. If the pressure drops rapidly and the person suffocates, it is allowed to inject a single volume of 0.5 ml into the area under the tongue. It is very convenient to have a special syringe pen (EpiPen), the contents of which are also injected into the thigh. An insect bite can be pricked in a circle with 1 ml of 0.1% adrenaline, making 5-6 injections.

Actions of doctors upon arrival:

1. Do injections of adrenaline, if for some reason this has not been done before.
2. Intravenous glucocorticoid hormones are administered - dexamethasone, hydrocortisone or prednisone.
3. Provide intravenous infusion of a significant volume of fluid (0.9% sodium chloride solution) to eliminate its deficiency in the bloodstream. Children are given an amount at the rate of 20 ml per 1 kg of body, for adults the total volume is up to 1 liter.
4. The patient is provided oxygen inhalation using a mask. With swelling of the larynx and the inability to breathe, an emergency tracheotomy is done.

All these measures continue while the person is being transported to the hospital in intensive care unit. There they continue to pour in the liquid and the necessary solutions. The doctor decides on the appointment of antihistamines (Tavegil, Suprastin, Loratadine, Diphenhydramine, Cetirizine, etc.).

To maintain the functions of the heart, Dopamine is used, for bronchospasm - Albuterol, Eufillin, for convulsive syndrome - anti-seizure drugs, etc. The patient is usually in the hospital for at least 5-7 days, so that there is no risk of missing a possible recurrent attack.

Prevention

Allergy sufferers should take measures on their own to avoid negative consequences:

• must have an adrenaline rush single dose) in ampoules and a disposable syringe, or a disposable syringe pen;
• as soon as a person felt the approach of an attack, immediately notify everyone around him, ask to be called ambulance and helped to give an injection;
• try to avoid situations where the allergen can enter the body (study the composition of purchased products, do not approach pets that are intolerant, etc.);
• when prescribing medications, warn doctors that you are allergic.

Statistics show that in about 2% of cases, anaphylaxis is fatal. Therefore, the patient needs to be extremely attentive to his condition. The rest of the people should have an idea of ​​​​how to properly help a person so that the attack goes away without serious consequences.

Anaphylactic shock is an acute allergic reaction that requires emergency medical attention. Shock occurs with equal frequency in males and females.

Even when clearly providing medical assistance, doctors are not always able to save the victim. In 10% of cases, anaphylaxis ends in death.

Therefore, it is important to quickly recognize anaphylactic shock and call an emergency team.

Symptoms and manifestations of anaphylactic shock

The speed of development of an allergic reaction can be from a few seconds to 4-5 hours after contact with the allergen. In the formation of shock, the quantity and quality of the substance and how it penetrated the body does not play a role. Even at microdoses, anaphylaxis may develop. True, when the allergen in in large numbers, this increases the severity of shock and complicates its treatment.

The first and main symptom that allows one to suspect anaphylaxis is a severe sharp pain at the site of a bite or injection. If a person has taken the allergen inside, then the pain will be localized in the abdomen and hypochondrium.

Additionally, shock is indicated by:

• large swelling and swelling at the site of contact with the allergen;
• generalized itching of the skin, which gradually spreads to the whole body;
• sudden fall blood pressure;
• nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, swelling of the oral mucosa and tongue (when taking the substance inside);
• pale skin, blue lips and extremities;
• impaired vision and hearing;
• feeling of fear of death, delirium;
• increased heart rate and respiration;
• broncho- and laryngospasm, as a result of which the patient begins to suffocate;
• loss of consciousness and convulsions.

It is impossible to cope with anaphylactic shock on your own, you need the help of qualified medical staff.

First aid for anaphylactic shock

After you have called an ambulance, your task is to keep the person conscious until the brigade arrives.

1. Limit contact with the allergen! If a person drank or ate a prohibited product, you need to rinse your mouth. Put ice on the bite or injection site, treat it with alcohol or another antiseptic, make a soft pressure bandage a little higher.
2. Lay the patient down and raise the foot end of the bed. You can just put a pillow or blanket under your feet.
3. Open the window wide, unbutton clothes that interfere with breathing.
4. Give any antihistamine that you have on hand (suprastin, fenkarol).
5. When cardiac activity stops, an indirect heart massage should be performed - close your straight arms into a lock and place them between the middle and lower thirds of the sternum. Alternate 15 presses and 2 breaths into the mouth (or nose) of the victim. Such manipulations must be repeated without interruption until the ambulance arrives or until a pulse and spontaneous breathing appear.

Algorithm of medical care for anaphylaxis

Upon arrival, the ambulance will provide next treatment:

1. The introduction of 0.1% adrenaline - ideally, intravenously, if it is not possible to catheterize a vein, then intramuscularly or sublingually (under the tongue). The place of contact with the allergen is also cut off with 1 ml of 0.1% adrenaline from all sides (4-5 injections). Adrenaline constricts blood vessels, preventing the poison from being further absorbed into the bloodstream, and also maintains blood pressure.
2. Grade vital signs- measurement of blood pressure, pulse, ECG and determination of the amount of oxygen in the blood using a pulse oximeter.
3. Checking the patency of the upper respiratory tract - removal of vomit, excretion mandible. Further, inhalation with humidified oxygen is constantly carried out. In case of laryngeal edema, the doctor has the right to perform a conicotomy (dissection of soft tissues between the thyroid and cricoid cartilage on the neck for oxygen to the lungs).
4. Introduction hormonal drugs- they relieve swelling, raise pressure. This is prednisolone at a dose of 2 mg / kg of human body weight or dexamethasone 10-16 mg.
5. Injections of antiallergic drugs of immediate action - suprastin, diphenhydramine.
6. If after these manipulations it is possible to catheterize peripheral vein, then start introducing any saline solutions to prevent the development of acute vascular insufficiency(Ringer's solution, NaCl, rheopolyglucin, glucose, etc.)
7. After stabilization of the condition, the victim requires immediate hospitalization in the nearest intensive care unit.

After anaphylactic shock has been stopped, it is better for a person to stay in the hospital for a few more days under the supervision of doctors, because. the attack may recur.

How does an anaphylactic reaction occur?

Anaphylactic shock occurs as an immediate hypersensitivity reaction. As a result of an allergen mast cells histamine and other mediators of allergy are released. They sharply constrict blood vessels (first peripheral, then central). Therefore, all organs suffer from malnutrition and function poorly.

Hypoxia is also experienced by the brain, resulting in anxiety and confusion. If help is not provided in time, the person will die either from suffocation or cardiac arrest.

Causes of anaphylactic shock

Allergens - substances that cause anaphylaxis - are individual for each person. Someone may experience shock from a bee sting, someone from contact with household chemicals.

Some people don't like food and cigarettes. The main substances to which allergies are common are listed in the table below.

How to avoid anaphylactic shock

If you suffer from allergies, always have a note with you that lists all the substances that you cannot tolerate. You should also have pills in your pocket. emergency assistance(suprastin, tavegil, prednisolone). On long trips, take injections of adrenaline, diphenhydramine and prednisolone with you.

Explain to your family and friends the symptoms of your illness and the principles of first aid. Always have with you mobile phone to call emergency help in the first seconds of anaphylactic shock.

Additional Methods prevention:

• Before you eat New Product or take a new medication, make sure it does not contain allergens.
• Wear clothes made only from natural fabrics.
• Several times a year, as directed by your doctor, take antihistamines to reduce the body's allergic mood.
• Avoid direct sunlight, wear panama hats, use natural sunscreens.
• Be careful with medication traditional medicine.
• Limit your use household chemicals, in last resort Clean up with gloves and a respirator.
• Avoid contact with domestic and wild animals.
• Don't wear bright clothes and don't use harsh, sweet perfumes to avoid attracting insects outside.
• Get outdoors more often and eat right.
• Exercise at least two or three times a week.
• Quit smoking and avoid places where others smoke.

If you strictly follow all the above rules, as well as constantly monitor your condition with an allergist, then you can easily forget not only about anaphylactic shock, but also other manifestations of allergies.

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Clarification: According to modern standards, the resuscitation mode is 30:2, regardless of the number of people providing benefits. Antihistamines (diphenhydramine, suprastin, etc.) are not recommended to be administered, because. they give a drop in blood pressure

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All information is presented for educational purposes. Do not self-medicate, it is dangerous! Accurate Diagnosis can only be given by a doctor.

Anaphylactic shock is an acute allergic reaction that is life-threatening. About 10-20% of anaphylaxis cases have fatal outcome. The condition develops with hypersensitivity(sensitization) of the body to the allergen.

Reactions to an allergen do not have an exact time of manifestation, most often within 5-30 minutes. In some cases painful symptoms appear after 6-12 hours from the moment the allergen hits the skin. skin or mucous membranes.

A pathological condition can cause circulatory disorders, muscle spasms, pressure drop, oxygen deficiency and loss of consciousness.

Emergency care for anaphylactic shock

First aid
At the first signs of anaphylactic shock, you should immediately call an ambulance. The patient is placed in horizontal position.

No need to raise your head on the pillow, this can further impede the blood supply to the brain. It is recommended to remove dentures in advance. If possible, you need to measure the pulse, pressure and set the respiratory rate.

Prior to the arrival of specialists, it is required to take measures to eliminate the impact of the allergen, for example, ventilate the room, stop the administration of the drug (when the medication caused an acute reaction). It is possible to apply a tourniquet above the injection or bite site.

Urgent care
An acute allergic reaction requires immediate medical attention:

• exclude patient contact with the allergen;
• relax smooth muscle body;
• restore breathing and circulation.

Urgent care in anaphylactic shock, it involves the gradual introduction of a number of drugs. The algorithm of actions for anaphylactic shock is:

1. Ensure airway patency;
2. Subcutaneous or intravenous administration adrenaline to eliminate acute respiratory failure, 1 ml of a 0.1% solution of adrenaline hydrochloride is diluted to 10 ml with saline;
3. Prick the injection or bite site with a 0.1% solution of adrenaline, 0.3-0.5 ml;
4. The introduction of glucocorticoids for the relief of anaphylactic shock. Prednisolone at a dosage of 90-120 mg. or dexamethasone at a dosage of 12-16 mg .;
5. Introduction antihistamines in order to reduce blood pressure, relieve spasms from the bronchi and reduce the level of pulmonary edema. First, by injection, then in tablets (tavegil, suprastin, diphenhydramine).
6. In severe cases, patients may require mechanical ventilation and indoor massage hearts. When providing emergency care, doctors may resort to catheterization central vein, tracheostomy, or injection of adrenaline into the heart.

Further treatment
After overcoming acute manifestations pathology, the doctor prescribes treatment in the intensive care unit or intensive care. If the pressure can be kept within the normal range, then the introduction of adrenaline is suspended.

Hormones and histamine blockers provide elimination of the consequences of allergies within 1-3 days. For 2 weeks, the patient is given desensitizing therapy.

The reasons

A typical sign of anaphylaxis is the occurrence acute reaction after repeated exposure to an irritant. This means that after the first contact with the allergen, anaphylactic shock in children and adults usually does not manifest itself.

Anaphylactic shock develops due to the production of special substances that provoke inflammatory processes. The release of these elements leads to the release of basophils, histamine from cells immune system.

Factors such as:

• receiving a number medicines (penicillin antibiotics, antimicrobial agents, hormonal or pain medications);
• the use of antidiphtheria, antitetanus serum;
• excessive production of pancreatic hormones (insulin), parathyroid glands(parathyroid hormone);
• skin contact with poison, saliva of animals, including insects and snakes;
• vaccination (application medicinal substances on the basis of cells of the immune system and drugs to combat diseases of the nervous system of a bacterial nature, bronchial asthma and viral pathologies that are transmitted by airborne droplets);
• eating certain foods or spices (beans, fish, eggs, nuts, seafood, or fruits);
• the passage of x-rays, when iodine-containing contrast agents become dangerous;
• erroneous use of blood substitutes, inappropriate blood transfusion.

Symptoms of anaphylactic shock

• itching on the skin and mucous membranes;
• nasal discharge;
• nausea, vomiting;
• cyanosis and coldness of the skin;
• dyspnea;
• swelling of the larynx;
• redness of the skin in the bite area, exposure to a local drug;
• stomach ache;
• lowering blood pressure;
• anxiety;
• violation of urination and defecation;
• bronchospasm, difficult and hoarse breathing;
• convulsions;
• loss of consciousness.

The reaction to an allergen usually occurs in 3 forms:

1. classic anaphylactic shock. The condition entails a rapid onset of weakness, loss of consciousness. With this form of manifestation of shock, the patient does not have time to recognize the main signs of pathology due to the rapid onset of a disorder of consciousness;
2. Subacute variant of shock. Usually occurs after taking medical preparations. The first manifestations can be noted 1-3 minutes after injection or 10-20 minutes after ingestion. There is dizziness, difficulty breathing and loss of consciousness;
3. Anaphylactoid reaction. Causes a rash increased sweating, pressure drop, pain syndrome and impaired consciousness 30-60 minutes after exposure to the allergen.

Diagnosis of anaphylactic shock

The onset of anaphylaxis can be accurately established after a series of studies:

• analysis of the anamnesis of life (establishment of a tendency to drug intolerance, food allergies the patient, his parents and other relatives) and patient complaints (checking symptoms);
• medical examination;
• blood test;
• skin allergy testing;
• ECG, blood pressure measurement.

Video

Prevention of anaphylactic shock

To reduce the risk of an acute allergic reaction, you must adhere to the following rules:

• avoid contact with irritants;
• accept medicines according to the recommendations of the attending physician;
• take a shower daily;
• carry out regular wet cleaning of the premises.

Cardiogenic shock is a dangerous condition that is difficult to drug treatment often leading to the death of the patient. Knowing the emergency care algorithm for cardiogenic shock, you can save the patient's life by supporting the vital functions of the body until the ambulance arrives. How to recognize the first signs of a serious condition and what to do in emergency, we will consider in the article.

What is cardiogenic shock

Cardiogenic shock develops mainly against the background of small-focal or massive heart attack myocardium. As a result, blood circulation throughout the body is sharply disturbed. With the development of this condition, it is possible to save the patient's life only in 10% of cases, despite timely help and resuscitation activities.

A dangerous condition arises due to a sharp violation of the contractile function of the myocardium. This can be provoked by myocardial infarction, dilated cardiomyopathy, aortic stenosis, damage interventricular septum and other diseases. Cardiogenic shock entails a critical drop in blood pressure. Along with this, the activation of the sympathetic nervous system occurs, which provokes the excitation of cardiac activity.

A sharp decline cardiac output accompanied by a decrease in the amount of blood in the arteries, this entails fluid retention in the body, the load on the heart muscle increases, and pulmonary edema develops. In turn, the accumulation of underoxidized metabolic products causes metabolic acidosis.

How to recognize a dangerous condition

The sooner assistance is provided for cardiogenic shock, the greater the chance of saving the patient's life. The clinic always depends on the condition that caused the shock. During a myocardial infarction, a person experiences severe pain in the chest, there is a feeling of fear, panic. On failure heart rate the patient notes pain behind the sternum, there is a sinking heart or, conversely, an increase in heart rate. If the reason cardiogenic shock becomes a thromboembolism pulmonary artery, a person suffocates, weakness appears, sometimes coughing up blood.

Cardiogenic shock causes sharp pain chest and other symptoms

Further development of shock is accompanied by such signs:

• the appearance of cold sticky sweat;
• blue lips, nose, fingertips;
• pallor of the skin;
• anxiety of the patient or his lethargy;
• swelling of the neck veins;
• a decrease in the temperature of the extremities;
• feelings of panic and fear.

At pulmonary thromboembolism the skin on the head, chest and neck becomes earthy or marbled.

Important! With absence necessary assistance the patient loses consciousness, cardiac and brain activity, death occurs.

First aid emergency

If signs of cardiogenic shock are detected, it is necessary to call an ambulance as soon as possible, to provide emergency care to a person. To do this, follow these steps:

• The patient should be laid on any surface, the body should be in a horizontal position, the legs should be slightly raised. This position provides better blood flow to the brain.
• During emergency care, it is important to provide fresh air to the room. To do this, you need to open the window or front door. It is impossible to allow pandemonium near the victim.
• The neck and chest of a person must be freed from clothing. If there is a tight collar, tie, scarf or other items, they must be removed.
• On the initial stage the patient's blood pressure should be measured. In cardiogenic shock, it is always lowered. To normalize the performance, you need to give the patient a drug that includes dopamine, methasone or hydrocartisone.
• If the person is conscious, analgesic medications are allowed.

After that, you should wait for the ambulance, after the arrival of the doctors, tell them under what circumstances the shock developed.

First aid for the development of shock should be immediate

In case of loss of consciousness and respiratory arrest, urgent resuscitation measures must be performed. Artificial respiration is performed mouth to mouth. To do this, the person’s head must be thrown back, placing a roll of a towel or any other fabric under the neck. The person performing resuscitation must inhale air, close the victim's nose with his fingers, and exhale air through the victim's mouth. In one minute, you need to perform up to 12 breaths.

During rendering before medical care the patient's pulse must be monitored. If a person loses consciousness and heart beats are not audible, chest compressions should be performed. To perform it, the patient is placed on his back, the surface must be solid. The person performing the massage should sit on the side of the patient. The bases of the palms should press on the chest area in the middle. Pushes are performed with straight arms, you do not need to bend them. The frequency of pressing is not less than 60 shocks per minute. If reanimated old man, the number of shocks per minute is up to 50, in children - 120 clicks.
Important! When running at the same time artificial respiration and indirect massage heart should be alternated 2 breaths with 30 shocks.

Assistance to the patient in the hospital

The algorithm of actions of doctors depends on the characteristics of the patient's condition. The first medical measures are carried out in the ambulance. The following methods are used here:

• the use of oxygen therapy - the procedure helps to maintain the patient's breathing, preserve vital functions before arriving at the hospital;
• application narcotic analgesics. This event helps to reduce severe pain. Medicines such as Droperidol, Promedol, Fentanyl and others are used here;
• to eliminate the risk of blood clots in the arteries, a person is injected with heparin;
• solutions of Dobutamine, Dopamine, Norepinephrine help to normalize the heart rate;
• the introduction of insulin with glucose helps to improve the nutrition of the heart muscle;
• Panangin, Giluritmal, Lidocaine help to eliminate tachyarrhythmia;
• sodium bicarbonate solution is introduced to establish metabolic processes organism.

Further treatment of cardiogenic shock in the clinic implies the continuation of therapy started at home and in an ambulance. Upon admission of the patient to the hospital, immediate comprehensive examination organism. This helps to identify contraindications and the risk of developing side effects which may exacerbate the situation.

In a hospital, resuscitation measures are carried out aimed at restoring vital important functions patient

The further standard of care depends on the disease that caused the development of shock:

• a condition in which pulmonary edema occurs, requires the appointment of Nitroglycerin, the use of alcohol solutions, diuretic drugs;
• severe pain is relieved with the help of strong narcotic analgesics, which include Morphine, Promedol, Fentanyl;
• treatment of severely low blood pressure is carried out using a solution of Dopamine;
• to save breathing in an unconscious patient, tracheal intubation is performed;
• prevent oxygen starvation oxygen therapy helps the brain and other organs.

At serious condition A person needs to use a heart-lung machine and artificial lung ventilation. During this period, the patient should be given the necessary nursing care. It consists in doing hygiene procedures, regular measurement of blood pressure, body temperature and feeding of the patient.

Emergency surgical treatment

If the patient's condition in cardiogenic shock does not improve after using drug therapy and resuscitation doctors use surgical intervention helping to save a person's life. The operation is carried out exclusively in a hospital using the necessary medical equipment.

To combat the symptoms of cardiogenic shock, the following methods are used:

• - consists in creating an additional bloodstream, which is used as a bridge before the upcoming myocardial transplantation;
• intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation - the technique is carried out by introducing a special balloon, which inflates when the heart muscle contracts. A procedure is carried out to normalize blood pressure;
• percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty - involves the restoration of the integrity of blood vessels, which ensures normal contractile function of the heart, maintaining vital important processes body at the right level.

In the absence of timely resuscitation measures develop severe consequences cardiogenic shock. These include heart failure, cerebral vein thrombosis, trophic ulcers stomach, intestines and other conditions. Even with timely and competent medical care, death occurs in 90% of cases. This is explained severe course cardiogenic shock and frequent complications. To avoid this condition, it is necessary to focus on its prevention. In this case preventive actions should be directed to the root cause, that is, to the prevention of pathologies that cause the risk of developing shock. Proper Treatment cardiovascular diseases and timely appeal per medical care can significantly reduce the risk of cardiogenic shock.