Nutrition for an extensive heart attack diet 10. Diet after myocardial infarction: nutrition tips for men and women and delicious recipes. Patient questions about products

In case of myocardial infarction (MI), the patient, in addition to drugs, is prescribed a diet. There is no difference in dietary nutrition for women and men - table number 10 is intended for everyone, regardless of gender.

The diet is characterized by a significant reduction in calorie content due to carbohydrates, proteins and especially fats, a decrease in the volume of food, restriction of free fluid and salt intake (it is prohibited in the first week).

Basic principles of diet number 10i

The diet after a heart attack is therapeutic in nature, it:

• promotes recovery processes in the heart muscle;
• improves blood circulation and metabolism;
• reduces the load on the CCC;
• normalizes the motor function of the intestine.

The following products are excluded:

• indigestible;
• causing fermentation in the intestines and excessive gas formation (flatulence);
• rich in sugar, animal fats and cholesterol;
• extractives of fish and meat.

Includes foods rich in lipotropic substances, potassium, vitamins P and C, as well as gently stimulating intestinal motility (to combat constipation). Prepare food without salt. Avoid cold drinks and food.

Diet number 10i consists of three sequentially prescribed diets:

• The 1st diet is necessary in the acute period (1st week of illness) - pureed dishes;
• The 2nd diet is necessary in the subacute period (2–3rd week) - meals are mostly chopped;
• The 3rd diet is necessary during the scarring period (4th week and beyond) - dishes chopped and in pieces.

The table below shows the chemical composition and energy value of the daily ration of three types of diet No. 10i.

The patient should eat in small portions with the 1-2nd diet 6 times a day, and with the 3rd - 5 times.

Prohibited and permitted products

The list of foods and dishes that you can’t and can eat with diet No. 10 is presented in the table below.

The following foods and dishes are excluded: baked goods, pastries, fresh bread, canned food, sausages, caviar, egg yolks, whole milk and cream, legumes, millet, barley, pearl barley, white cabbage, garlic, radishes, onions, cucumbers, culinary and animal fats, spices, natural cocoa and coffee, chocolate and other confectionery products, grape juice, fatty types and varieties of fish, poultry, meat, liver and other meat by-products.

sample menu

The table below shows an approximate menu for one day, while the weekly menu can be compiled by analogy on your own according to the above list of allowed foods and dishes.

It should be remembered that patients at home can only eat according to the 2nd and 3rd diet, because the treatment of MI takes place in the hospital. There the patient is fed, and he does not need to think about the diet.

Recipes

This section will provide recipes for some of the meals that patients can eat immediately after MI and are easy to prepare at home.

A classic breakfast dish is the protein omelet. To prepare it, you will need 2 eggs, 120 grams of milk, a little table salt and 1 teaspoon of butter. First you need to separate the whites from the yolk. Then add some milk and salt to them. Mix well with a blender or fork. Pour the resulting mixture into a container and place in a double boiler, after 10 minutes the dish will be ready. You can also cook it in a slow cooker or in a pan.

To prepare the next dish (baked apples), you will need: apples, honey or sugar, dried fruits (optional), nuts, water, butter. First you need to wash the apples and cut out the middle, try not to pierce the apples through. Next, mix sugar (honey), dried fruits, nuts. You can also add cinnamon. Pour the mixture into the resulting holes almost to the very top and put a piece of butter. Place the apples on a baking sheet and pour some water. Then send them to the oven preheated to 190 degrees. Bake for 40 minutes until apples are soft.

Diet No. 10s

The period of restructuring of myocardial functioning ends by the end of the first year from the moment of MI development. And by this period of time, active treatment ends, and the patient switches to maintenance therapy. From this moment on, the patient is prescribed another kind of diet - No. 10c. This type of diet is primarily aimed at preventing recurrent myocardial infarction. Indications for diet No. 10c are:

• atherosclerosis with damage to the vessels of the brain, heart or other organs;
• coronary heart disease, which is caused by atherosclerosis;
• arterial hypertension on the background of atherosclerosis.

Diet food is prescribed for the following purposes:

• slow down the development of atherosclerosis;
• reduce metabolic disorders;
• improve blood circulation;
• reduce the patient's overweight;
• provide nutrition without overloading the kidneys, liver, cardiovascular system and central nervous system.

The diet reduced the content of easily digestible carbohydrates and animal fat. The amount of proteins corresponds to the physiological norm. The degree of reduction in the amount of carbohydrates and fats depends on the patient's body weight (see 2 diet options below). The amount of consumed free fluid, salt, extractives and foods rich in cholesterol is limited.

The content of linoleic acid, vitamins C and group B, dietary fiber, lipotropic substances, magnesium, potassium, microelements (vegetables and fruits, cottage cheese, seafood, vegetable oils) in the diet increases. Prepare dishes without salt, before direct use, food is salted if desired. Fish and meat are boiled, fruits and vegetables with coarse fiber are crushed and boiled. Cooked food should be warm.

The table below shows the chemical composition and energy value of the daily ration of the 1st and 2nd (with concomitant obesity) diet options.

A person needs to eat small portions about 5 times a day.

After stenting or thrombolytic therapy, the patient is recommended to take drugs from the group of antiplatelet agents and / or anticoagulants for a year. Therefore, patients should be additionally prescribed proton pump inhibitors in order to protect the gastric mucosa.

After suffering a serious illness, any person needs a full-fledged rehabilitation, which consists not only in the regular intake of medicines prescribed by a doctor, but also in changing the whole lifestyle. One of these ailments is.

Rehabilitation of postinfarction patients is aimed at such main goals as:

• constant observance of the rules of rational dietary nutrition;
• fight against excess weight;
• almost constant monitoring of blood pressure, glucose and cholesterol levels in the blood;
• prevention of stressful situations;
• sufficient physical activity.

One of the key roles in the restoration of the body after many diseases is played by the competent preparation of the diet. In order to ensure the full recovery of the heart muscle after a myocardial infarction, the patient must follow a diet No. 10 B, and later - a diet No. 10 C. At the same time, the daily menu should be complete, varied and balanced.

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All patients who have had a myocardial infarction are prescribed a diet approved by the Institute of Nutrition. diet number 10 B, and subsequently diet number 10 C whose diets should contribute to:

• reduce the load on the heart and blood vessels;
• restoration of myocardial vital activity;
• improvement of metabolic processes and blood circulation;
• weight stabilization, in the presence of extra pounds;
• normal functioning of the digestive tract.

The basic principles of such a balanced diet are:

• reducing the amount of fats and carbohydrates consumed to reduce the calorie content of the diet, followed by a gradual increase;
• limiting the use of free fluid and table salt (see);
• exclusion of foods that increase cholesterol levels (see Fig. 1) and blood sugar;
• exclusion of cold dishes and drinks below 15 ° C;
• exclusion of foods that cause bloating, irritate the digestive tract, kidneys and liver - milk, offal (brains, liver, kidneys, lungs), legumes, white cabbage, drinks with gas;
• exclusion of products that stimulate the cardiovascular and nervous system - strong tea, coffee, cocoa, spices, alcoholic beverages (see);
• exclusion of confectionery and rich pastries;
• introduction to the diet of foods rich in vitamin P, ascorbic acid, potassium and magnesium - citrus fruits, rose hips, sea buckthorn, black currants, dried apricots, prunes, dates, bananas, seaweed, oatmeal, buckwheat, etc.

Rice. 1 - The content of cholesterol in food.

Three diet diet number 10 B

After myocardial infarction, patients are prescribed diet No. 10 B, which consists of three gradually prescribed diets:

• diet I (the first 7 days after a heart attack) - food should be cooked sparingly (steamed or boiled followed by rubbing) and consumed 6-7 times a day in small portions;
• diet II (2-3 weeks after a heart attack) - food should be cooked sparingly (steamed or by boiling or stewing, followed by chopping) and consumed 6 times a day in small portions;
• diet III (from the 4th week) - food can be consumed in crushed form or a piece 5 times a day in small portions.

Ration I

Ration I should contain:

• proteins, fats and carbohydrates - 60 g: 30 g: 180 g;
• 1100-1300 kcal;
• liquid - up to 0.7-0.8 l;
• salt is completely excluded.

The total weight of the first ration should not exceed 1700 g. Meals should be steamed or boiled and served warm and mashed 6-7 times a day.

With diet I, the menu may include:

• first courses cooked on vegetable broth with grated cereals, vegetables and egg flakes;
• mashed cottage cheese;
• steamed meatballs, quenelles or lean beef cutlets;
• boiled lean fish;
• protein omelet;
• mashed oatmeal or buckwheat porridge with milk;
• semolina;
• crackers (up to 50 g);
• mashed potatoes made from boiled carrots, beets or potatoes;
• low-fat kefir;
• jelly, fruit drinks and mousses;
• weak tea with lemon or milk;
• infusion of prunes, raisins or dried apricots;
• juices: diluted with water, fruit, carrot or beet;
• rosehip decoction;
• liquid kissels;
• alkaline mineral water (without gas).

All drinks should be warm or at room temperature and consumed in small amounts 8 times a day. Milk, refined vegetable and butter should only be added to meals.

Ration II

Ration II should contain:

• proteins, fats and carbohydrates - 80 g: 50 g: 200 g;
• no more than 1600-1800 kcal;
• liquid - 0.8 l;
• salt - 3 g.

The weight of the entire diet should be no more than 2000 g. Meals should be steamed, boiled or stewed and served warm, chopped or pureed 6 times a day.

With diet II, the menu may include:

• first courses cooked on vegetable broth with well-cooked vegetables, cereals or fruits;
• boiled or chopped lean meats and fish or minced meat dishes;
• cottage cheese puddings with the addition of cereals, berries and fruits;
• casserole of semolina and other cereals;
• low-fat and unsalted cheese;
• viscous and liquid non-mashed cereals from buckwheat, semolina and oats;
• dried wheat bread or crackers up to 150 g (or 200 g of wheat and 50 g of rye bread);
• mashed boiled potatoes, beets and carrots;
• baked apples;
• raw soft fruits and berries without coarse fiber;
• , grated;
• cauliflower dishes;
• low-fat cottage cheese and cheese (not salty);
• kefir;
• compotes and fruit drinks;
• fruit and milk jelly;
• jelly;
• mousses;
• weak tea;
• sugar up to 50 g.

Milk, refined vegetable and butter (up to 5 g) butter should only be added to sauces or dishes. To improve the taste, boiled and lightly fried onions, tomato, lemon and fruit juices, sweet-sour sauces based on fruit, vegetable or milk can be added to dishes.

Ration III

Ration III should contain:

• proteins, fats and carbohydrates - 90 g: 50-70 g: 300-320 g;
• 2100-2300 kcal;
• liquid - up to 1 l;
• salt - 5 g.

The weight of the entire ration should not exceed 2300 g. Food can be cooked by boiling, stewing or steaming and served chopped or in pieces. The number of meals - 5 times a day. In diet III, in addition to dishes of diets I and II, the following can be added:

• yesterday's wheat bread up to 150 g (or crackers, or 100 g of wheat and 50 g of rye bread);
• first courses cooked in fat-free low meat or vegetable broth;
• boiled jellied fish and meat;
• well-soaked herring;
• ripe tomatoes;
• lean ham;
• stewed beets with carrots;
• boiled pasta with the addition of cottage cheese;
• semolina casseroles with berries, apples or other fruits;
• cottage cheese puddings with cereals, carrots, and fruits;
• butter up to 10 g (only in dishes).

How should the patient eat after discharge from the hospital?

After completing the three diets of diet No. 10 B, the diet for the patient after a heart attack is gradually expanded and transferred to diet No. 10 C. Patients with obesity are recommended to spend fasting days 1-2 times a week.

Diet number 10 C

The first option of diet No. 10 C is provided for obese people:

• proteins, fats and carbohydrates - 90 g: 70 g: 300 g;
• liquid - up to 1.2 l;
• salt - 3-4 g;
• total weight of the diet - 2 kg;
• calorie content - 2100-2200 kcal.

• proteins, fats and carbohydrates - 100 g: 80 g: 350 g;
• liquid - up to 1.2 l;
• salt - up to 5-6 g;
• total weight of the diet - up to 2.5 kg;
• calorie content - 2400-2500 kcal.

• yesterday's or dried wheat bread from flour II grade, rye, grain, peeled, non-bread dry biscuits - up to 150 g per day;
• vegetable, fruit, dairy, cereal first courses, vegetarian borscht, cabbage soup and beetroot soup;
• fats - refractory fats are completely excluded, butter is not more than 20-30 g per day, vegetable oils should be 1/2-1/3 of all fats;
• lean meat dishes (pork, beef, chicken, turkey, rabbit), cooked by boiling, baking after boiling, served chopped or in pieces;
• dishes from low-fat varieties of sea and river fish (salmon, pike perch, carp, cod, pike, navaga) boiled, baked or lightly fried after preliminary boiling;
• chicken eggs - 1 egg per day (soft-boiled or in the form of a protein omelette);
• dairy products - boiled milk, low-fat sour cream for making sauces or dressing dishes, low-fat kefir, fermented baked milk, cottage cheese and unsalted, low-fat and non-spicy cheeses;
• sauces - fruit sauces, sauces on vegetable broth, milk or sour cream;
• snacks - low-fat ham, vegetable salads, doctor's sausage, vinaigrette, canned vegetables;
• vegetables - fresh, boiled or baked;
• cereals - cereals cooked in milk or water, cereals, puddings or casseroles;
• pasta (preferably from durum wheat);
• berries and fruits - ripe and sweet varieties, fresh, dried fruits;
• nuts - any, but with a calorie restriction;
• sugar - up to 50 g per day, part of which is better to replace with natural honey or jam (if overweight, sweets are sharply limited);
• drinks - fruit drinks, compotes, mousses, jelly, fruit juices with the addition of water (grape juice is excluded), rosehip broth, weak tea or coffee.

The diet is significantly limited:

• foods high in cholesterol: caviar, egg yolks, brains and other offal (see Fig. 1);
• sweets.

Excluded from the diet:

• fresh bread;
• rich meat, mushroom, chicken and fish broths;
• cream;
• canned fish, poultry or meat;
• sausages;
• salty fish;
• fried and fatty meat, poultry and fish dishes;
• yolks;
• pastries from pastry, pastries and cakes;
• sorrel;
• smoked meats, spicy dishes and fatty and salty sauces;
• legumes;
• radishes, cucumbers and radishes;
• pickled, salted and pickled vegetables;
• foods that cause bloating: raw milk, legumes, cabbage, fruits with coarse fiber, onions, garlic;
• mushrooms;
• spinach;
• horseradish;
• mustard, spices and seasonings;
• cocoa, chocolate;
• natural coffee and strong tea;
• alcohol.

During the period of improvement in the condition of patients suffering from reduced appetite, you can include in the diet a small amount of foods that contain fats and cholesterol:

• cream;
• beef sausage and sausages;
• eggs.

When compiling a daily menu, the following recommendations should be considered:

1. It is better to introduce the first or second courses of lean beef, fish, chicken, turkey into the diet more often, and less often - pork or lamb dishes.
2. Trim any visible fat from the meat and remove the skin from the chicken.
3. For snacks, use fruits, berries or low-fat kefir.
4. Take food in 4 or 5 doses in small portions, avoiding overeating.
5. Dinner should not be plentiful, and the dishes for him should not be hot or cold. It should take place 2-3 hours before bedtime.

Unloading days for obesity

To stabilize normal weight against the background of dieting, it is necessary to spend fasting days:

• rice-compote day - 100 g of rice porridge and 5 glasses of compote;
• 800 ml of fruit juice diluted with water and 500 g of oatmeal;
• apple day - 1.5-2 kg of baked or grated apples;
• watermelon day - 300 g of watermelon 5 times a day.

The implementation of all the doctor's recommendations on rational nutrition after a myocardial infarction allows you to accelerate the recovery of the heart muscle, speeds up recovery and facilitates the course of this dangerous disease. Subsequently, dieting allows you to stabilize the course, the development of atherosclerosis and reduce the risk of developing repeated myocardial infarctions.

Cardiologist Petrova Yu.

Add a comment

21.09.2017

A heart attack is the death of a part of the heart muscle due to a violation of the coronary circulation. The causes of blockage of the artery that supplies blood to the heart are varied, and not the last place is the error in the diet. A balanced menu is necessary not only for people with heart disease, but for everyone who wants to maintain health for many years, to protect themselves from serious ailments.

The purpose of changes in the diet is to stimulate regeneration processes in the myocardium, to provide conditions for the normalization of blood circulation and metabolism. Nutrition after myocardial infarction for men should reduce blood cholesterol levels. Unlike women, men must eat meat - beef, rabbit, chicken or turkey.

Basic rules of therapeutic nutrition:

• eat often, the entire daily volume of food is divided into 6-7 meals;
• the calorie content of the diet should correspond to the activity of a person, the more passive he is, the fewer calories he needs. You can't overeat;
• it is important to reduce the amount of cholesterol and animal fats in the menu;
• cold dishes or boiling water are prohibited, food should be at a pleasant temperature;
• it is forbidden to use, more precisely, in the process of cooking they do not need to be salted;
• exclude yeast bread, soda and sweetened store juices, as they cause bloating;
• reduce the amount of fluid consumed to 1.5 liters, including soup and jelly;
• increase the amount of foods containing magnesium and potassium (nuts, beets and citrus fruits, buckwheat, potatoes, watermelon and seaweed);
• reduce the amount of sugar.

If we evaluate the treatment tables in the Pevzner table, then the diet for myocardial infarction is table No. 10I.

3 diet options after a heart attack

The essence of the diet is to reduce the number of calories in the diet and reduce the volume of dishes, as well as to limit fluid intake and prohibit salt. Nutritionists have developed 3 diets that are consistently prescribed to men and women after a heart attack, taking into account the recovery period:

• acute - 2 weeks after a heart attack;
• scarring - from 2 to 8 weeks from an attack;
• rehabilitation - from 8 weeks from the day of a heart attack and beyond.

• 50g proteins;
• 30-40g fat;
• 150-200g carbohydrates;
• up to 0.8 l of free liquid.

Energy restrictions of the diet - up to 1300 kcal per day. Salt is prohibited. An approximate daily diet looks like this: boiled fish (50g), vegetable broth (100ml), jelly (100ml), porridge with milk with a small piece of butter, tea with milk (100ml), grated fresh apple, curdled milk or prunes compote (100ml) , cottage cheese (50g), decoction of wild rose berries (100ml), prune puree (50g).

It is necessary to exclude the intake of alcoholic beverages

Ration No. 2 is intended for feeding patients at 2-3 weeks from the day of a heart attack. It is still recommended to divide the menu into 6 small meals. Food is crushed. Diet characteristics:

• 60-70g of proteins;
• 50-60g fat;
• 230-250g carbohydrates;
• up to 1 liter of free liquid;
• up to 3 g of salt.

Energy restrictions of the diet - up to 1800 kcal per day. An approximate daily list of products looks like this: prunes compote (100ml) and porridge with milk, cottage cheese (50g) with sour cream (10g), omelet from 2 eggs (without yolks) and tea with milk (100ml), apple with carrots (grated) , a decoction of rose hips or fruit juice (100 ml), apple pancakes, vegetable broth with breadcrumbs (150 ml), boiled fish or chicken fillet (50 g), apple jelly, yogurt or tea (100 ml), grated carrots or beets ( 100g), prune puree (100g), boiled cauliflower (100g).

Ration number 3 is prescribed for 4 weeks. Food can be not only chopped, but served in pieces. All dishes are divided into 5 receptions. Characteristics of the diet during the scarring period:

• 90g proteins;
• 70g fat;
• 300-320g carbohydrates;
• up to 6 g of salt;
• up to 1.1 l of free liquid.

Energy restrictions of the diet - up to 2300 kcal per day. Nutrition for myocardial infarction should include seaweed, mussels, squid - these products contain copper, manganese, iodine, cobalt. Also in the diet include salads and black bread, boiled fish and vinaigrette, caviar from vegetables. Vegetable side dishes are welcome, with the exception of legumes. Daily it is allowed to eat 1 egg white, 150g of poultry meat, lean beef or lamb. You can eat pasta, cereals and low-fat dairy products. For dessert, the diet after myocardial infarction for men allows fruits in any form - grated, baked, boiled and in the form of mousse.

Alcoholic drinks are completely excluded, since alcohol excites the nervous system, makes the heart work actively. Also, alcoholic beverages increase the load on the kidneys, causing edema.

The diet after myocardial infarction is aimed at getting rid of extra pounds, so low-calorie meals are welcome. From the diet exclude foods with purines that excite the nervous system. Animal fats and foods containing cholesterol are also prohibited.

So that the body is not overloaded with food, the portion size should be small, the size of a palm. For the same purpose, you should not lean on products that cause gas formation. Dishes that require high energy consumption for digestion are prohibited. These are pastries, fried and smoked dishes, grilled products. Given that salt retains water in the body, a diet after a heart attack for a man prohibits dishes and foods where there is a lot of it (cheese, pickles, herring, etc.).

Prohibited Products:

• fresh bread and flour products (buns, pastries, pasta);
• fatty meat and fish, rich soups, fried meat;
• lard and offal, cooking fats, stew, pickles and smoked meats;
• egg yolks;
• sausages, pickled mushrooms and vegetables, canned food;
• desserts with cream;
• cabbage, legumes, spinach, onion, sorrel, garlic, radish;
• fatty dairy products (cream, butter, fatty cottage cheese, cheese);
• strong tea, cocoa, coffee;
• jam and chocolate;
• horseradish, mustard, black pepper;
• tomato and grape juice, soda.

What can you eat

The diet after a heart attack and stenting contains a large amount of vitamins, calcium, potassium, magnesium, lipotropic substances. Useful products that gently stimulate the intestines and prevent constipation. Instead of sugar, you need to use honey, which contains many useful trace elements and biologically active substances. Instead of animal fats, vegetable oil is used, which favorably affects the functioning of the intestines. By following the doctor's recommendations after a heart attack for women and men, you can quickly recover and prevent a new attack.

You can eat dairy products

Allowed products (by diet):

• bread and flour products: crackers and dried bread (ration No. 1), 150 g of yesterday's bread (ration No. 2), 250 g of yesterday's bread (ration No. 3);
  soup: 200 ml in vegetable broth with pureed vegetables (ration No. 1), soups and borscht with boiled vegetables and cereals (ration No. 2 and No. 3);
• fermented milk products: milk only as an additive to dishes or tea, low-fat kefir, sour cream only in soup, unsalted and low-fat cheese, mashed cottage cheese;
  eggs: only in the form of egg white omelettes or egg flakes in soup;
• fish, meat and poultry: low-fat types without films and fatty inclusions, skin. Meatballs, steam cutlets, boiled fish (ration No. 1), meat and fish in a whole piece (ration No. 2 and No. 3);
  cereals: up to 150 g of semolina, boiled and grated oatmeal and buckwheat porridge (ration No. 1), viscous and liquid cereals (ration No. 2), up to 200 g of porridge, pudding from semolina, cottage cheese, buckwheat;
• vegetables: pureed boiled (ration No. 1), raw grated carrots and boiled cauliflower (ration No. 2), stewed beets and carrots (ration No. 3). The volume of the finished dish - no more than 150g;
• desserts: mousses and puree from berries, fruits, prunes with dried apricots, a little honey (ration No. 1), ripe soft fruits, jelly and milk jelly with the inclusion of up to 50 g of sugar (ration No. 2 and No. 3);
• snacks: low-fat ham, fish and meat aspic - this is what is allowed exclusively in diet No. 3;
• sauces and spices: small amounts of tomato and lemon juice in dishes (ration No. 1 and No. 2), citric acid, vanillin, 3% vinegar (ration No. 3);
• drinks: weak tea with milk and lemon, a decoction of rose hips and prunes, juices from fruits, beets and carrots.

Dietary products from atherosclerosis

Given that a possible "enemy" of the heart is atherosclerosis of the vessels, all measures must be taken to get rid of "bad cholesterol" and prevent its accumulation on the walls of blood vessels. The doctor will tell you what you can eat to prevent the formation of plaques, as well as how to get rid of existing ones.

The easiest way to cleanse the body of cholesterol is to eat raw garlic. It slows down the deposition of fats on the walls of blood vessels. It is necessary to grind the head of garlic into porridge, pour a glass of unrefined oil and leave for a day. Next, the juice of 1 lemon is added to the resulting mixture, mixed and left for 7 days in the dark. The finished oil is consumed in 1 tsp. three times a day before meals. Course - 3 months.

The most natural way to cleanse the body of cholesterol is to eat raw garlic.

Another proven remedy for cholesterol plaques is fruits, vegetables, berries and juices from them. The most effective in this area are cranberries, apples, mountain ash, citrus fruits. An easy way is to regularly chew lemon zest, which contains beneficial essential oils.

From the first day after a heart attack, they drink freshly squeezed juices. For example, they prepare juice and carrots, add a little vegetable oil for better absorption of nutrients and take 100 ml 2 times a day. No less useful are turnip juices with honey or persimmons. Juice from carrots, beets, radishes and honey gives a good effect - all juices are mixed, sweetened with honey and taken 1 tbsp. three times a day before meals.

What happens if you don't diet

Dietary nutrition during the period of recovery and rehabilitation after a heart attack helps the heart muscle to return to full-fledged work, to withstand stress. Thanks to the diet, excess weight is lost, which will have a beneficial effect not only on the state of the heart, but also on other organs. Every extra kilogram is a load on the cardiovascular system, spine and other organs that work in an enhanced mode. Therapeutic nutrition reduces the risk of recurrent attacks by lowering blood cholesterol, preventing further development of atherosclerosis. The work of the intestines is normalized, constipation and bloating are excluded.

If you neglect the diet, follow your gastronomic desires contrary to the doctor's recommendations, the following complications are possible:

• heart failure in acute and chronic form;
• violation of cardiac conduction and rhythm;
• thrombosis in the blood vessels included in the large circle;
• aneurysm of the aorta of the heart;
• pericarditis;
• a new case of myocardial infarction;
• fatal outcome.

It is easier to prevent these complications, and for this you need to reconsider your eating habits and start eating healthy, healthy foods. A balanced diet will improve health, give the body the right amount of energy, and prevent the development of various diseases. Proper nutrition is not the only condition for maintaining health, but it is quite significant.

After the occurrence of myocardial infarction, you must carefully monitor your health.

One of the preventive measures that are taken to prevent the occurrence of myocardial infarction is proper nutrition. But to restore health after a heart attack, you must follow a specially designed diet.

The diet after a heart attack for a man and for a woman consists of three diets, which completely depend on what period of a heart attack is and must be prescribed by the attending physician.

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First ration

In this diet, you can eat bread. But at the same time, it must be baked from flour of the highest or first grade, well dried or in the form of crackers (the allowable amount is 50 g).

Soups are allowed to be introduced into the diet in the amount of 0.15-0.2 kg. As a rule, they are cooked on a vegetable broth, to which allowed cereals and vegetables are then added. You can also add egg flakes to the soup.

As for the meat, it should be presented in the form of lean varieties and not gain fascia, tendons and fat. Poultry meat is also used, but without the skin. From meat products, meatballs, cutlets, soufflés, etc. are allowed.

From dairy products, milk is allowed, which can be added to dishes or tea. Dairy products are also allowed, for example, low-fat kefir. Cottage cheese is thoroughly wiped and used as a paste or soufflé.

It is useful to include protein omelettes in the diet. Egg flakes can be added to vegetable dishes. Vegetables are allowed to be consumed only in the form of mashed potatoes or carrot, beetroot, potato, and carrot-curd pudding. From cereals, it is allowed to eat oatmeal cooked in milk, grated porridge from buckwheat, as well as semolina.

It can be consumed no more than 30 g per day. The same applies to honey. Therefore, you need to choose one thing for the day: honey or granulated sugar. The tea becomes weak. You can pour a little milk into it or put a lemon. It is also permissible to drink an infusion of prunes, fruit juice or a decoction of wild rose. Their dosage is 100-150 g / day.

The total amount of fluid taken should be 0.7-0.8 liters. The body should receive 50 g of protein per day, 0.15-0.2 kg of carbohydrates and no more than 40 g of fat. Salt intake is strictly prohibited. The total calorie content of the diet is 1300 calories, and the weight is about 1.7 kg.

For example, the first diet of the patient can be represented as follows:

• curdled milk or a decoction of prunes in the amount of ½ cup;
• porridge with milk with the addition of apples, grated apple, as a drink - tea with milk in the amount of ½ cup;
• boiled chicken, rosehip broth;
• boiled fish, vegetable broth and jelly;
• rosehip broth and apple puree;
• rosehip broth and cottage cheese;
• puree made from prunes.

Second and third meals

The total calorie content of the second diet is 1800 kcal, and the weight is about 2 kg. At the same time, it should contain 60 g of fat, 70 g of protein and 25 g of carbohydrates. The amount of liquid taken should not exceed 1 liter. You can include salt, but not more than 3 g.

As for the third diet, its calorie content should be 2300 kcal, weight no more than 2.3 kg. It consists of: 70 g of fat, 320 g of carbohydrates, 90 g of proteins and 1.1 liters of liquid.

In the second and third rations, bread is allowed, but only it must be from yesterday and baked from wheat flour. During scarring, the amount of bread can be increased to 0.25 kg. If it is replaced by rye flour bread, then it is allowed only in the first ration and only in the amount of 50 g.

The amount of soup in both diets is 0.25 g. Moreover, it should be made from well-boiled cereals and vegetables. You can also cook carrot or beetroot soup, but it should be ground. Also allowed is low-fat meat broth or borscht.

As for meat, with these diets it is allowed to take meat in the form of a cutlet mass or a small piece of boiled meat. You can also use sour cream, unsalted low-fat cheese, as well as puddings made from cereals, carrots or fruits.

It is allowed to introduce baked apples, puddings with milk, meringues, jelly, soft raw fruits and berries into the diet. As for sugar, it can be consumed per day no more than 50 g.

Since salt is allowed in small quantities, vanillin, lemon or tomato juice, sauces made with vegetable broth or milk can be added to dishes. It is allowed to introduce butter in the amount of 10 g. The onion can be boiled, and then fried a little. Drinks are identical as in the first diet, but their volume increases to 0.2 liters. Snacks are still prohibited.

The menu of this diet includes viscous, liquid and grated cereals in the amount of 0.2 kg. Also, 0.1 kg of loose buckwheat porridge is introduced. The diet may include raw grated carrots, semolina casserole, cauliflower.

The menu of the third diet is allowed: boiled vermicelli with cottage cheese, cereals in the amount of 0.2 kg, cottage cheese and buckwheat pudding and a casserole of apples and semolina. From vegetables, you can stew beets or carrots in the amount of 0.15 kg. The third diet already allows the inclusion of snacks in the diet. It can be low-fat ham, ripe tomatoes, soaked herring.

Basics and features of the diet after a heart attack for men

Maintaining proper nutrition after myocardial infarction for men and women is aimed at reducing atherogenic dyslipidoproteinemia.

A specially selected diet should be observed taking into account the following rules:

1. It is necessary to introduce dishes containing a large amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids into the diet. They reduce the content of lipids in the blood, and, consequently, improve blood circulation and reduce the load on the heart. These components are found in products such as meat, poultry, fish, unrefined vegetable oils (for example, linseed, olive, sunflower).
2. Reduce your intake of foods high in cholesterol. This applies to margarine, mayonnaise, butter.
3. Use only vegetable oil for cooking.
4. Reduce to a minimum consumption of foods rich in fats: chicken eggs, butter, cream.
5. Stop drinking cocoa, chocolate, strong tea, coffee, spices and spices.
6. Introduce meals containing complex carbohydrates and fiber. You should eat plenty of fresh or thermally processed vegetables and fruits. It is advisable to boil or stew vegetables, and make juices and fresh juices from fruits.
7. Reduce salt intake to a minimum, but no more than 5 g / day.
8. The diet should be designed so that the heart and blood vessels receive such trace elements as: potassium, magnesium, vitamins A, C, B, E, F. All this can be obtained from: cod, parsley, almonds, sunflower seeds.
9. Liquid intake should be strictly controlled per day: no more than 1.2–1.5 liters of water, including soups, teas, and other liquid dishes.
10. It is advisable to eat 6-7 times a day in small portions. Do not drink or eat 2-3 hours before bedtime.

Folk remedies

Most often, problems with the cardiovascular system occur due to atherosclerosis.

To remove or lower cholesterol, you can use the following methods:

• Introduction to the raw diet. It helps to slow down the deposition of fat. The head of garlic is rubbed to a mushy state, pour 1 tbsp. vegetable oil (unrefined). After a day, pour in the squeezed juice of 1 lemon and mix the mixture. Leave to infuse for a week in a dark, cool place, periodically shaking the jar. The resulting oil is drunk in 1 tsp. 3 times / day for half an hour before a meal for 3 months. After a month break, the course is repeated.
• Berries, vegetables, fruits, and juices made from them help to eliminate cholesterol plaques. The best of them are apples, citrus fruits, cranberries, chokeberries. As often as possible, you should chew the zest of a lemon. It contains many essential oils that have a beneficial effect on blood vessels. You can take a mixture of chokeberry and honey in a ratio of 1 to 2. 1 tbsp / day.
• To prevent arrhythmia, eat about 0.1-0.15 kg of dried apricots containing potassium.
• Walnuts contain magnesium. Grind 0.1 kg of kernels, add 2 tbsp. buckwheat honey. Divide the prepared portion by 3 times and eat during the day.
• In the early days of myocardial infarction, drink unsweetened freshly squeezed juices. For example, it can be carrot juice with the addition of vegetable oil ½ tbsp. twice a day. You can also drink persimmon juice or turnip juice with honey for 3 months. Take juice made from equal parts carrot, radish, beet and honey juice. Drink 1 tbsp. spoon 3 times / day half an hour before a meal.
• 1 tbsp bee honey, dilute 1/2 tbsp. boiled water and drink the resulting solution in sips during the day.
• You can take a mixture of royal jelly and honey (1:100) at 0.5 tsp. 3 times / day. The mixture is left in the mouth until completely dissolved. The duration of treatment is at least 2-4 weeks.

What not to use

Correction of the diet must be agreed with the attending physician.

After stenting

You also need a diet after stenting. It helps prevent the development of atherosclerosis. For the correct diet, you need to visit a doctor.

The field of transferring a heart attack or stenting, the body undergoes great stress. Therefore, during the recovery period, you need to make maximum efforts.

Only a qualified doctor can help with this, who will choose the right menu and other preventive measures, which will help not only restore health, but also save lives.

Article publication date: 02/08/2017

Article last updated: 12/18/2018

From this article you will learn: what diet should be followed after a heart attack, the role of proper nutrition for the health of the cardiovascular system. Useful and harmful products after.

A previous myocardial infarction significantly increases the risk of a second heart attack. Conducted scientific studies have shown that a rational and healthy diet can significantly reduce this risk.

A typical diet is rich in animal fats, easily digestible carbohydrates and preservatives. It has been proven that the combination of these products is to some extent responsible for the development of recurrent myocardial infarction, as well as other diseases, including some malignant tumors.

Patients after a heart attack, doctors recommend following the Mediterranean diet or the DASH diet.

Compliance with the Mediterranean diet leads to a decrease in blood cholesterol and a decrease in blood pressure, which are one of the main risk factors for the development of a second heart attack and stroke.

The DASH diet (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) is a balanced diet that was specifically created in the USA to reduce high blood pressure. It also reduces low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in the blood. According to scientific studies, the DASH diet reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease by 20%, coronary heart disease by 21%, stroke by 19%, and heart failure by 29%.

Both of these diets also contribute to the normalization of weight, which is very useful for the rehabilitation of patients after a heart attack. A heart-healthy nutrition plan should be developed by a dietitian or cardiologist.

How can food be prepared

The diet after a heart attack should not contain fried or deep-fried foods. You can use more heart-healthy methods:

• steam cooking,
• boiling in water
• extinguishing,
• baking,
• microwave cooking.

mediterranean diet

The Mediterranean diet includes the traditional rules of a healthy diet of countries bordering the Mediterranean Sea - Italy, France, Greece and Spain. The cuisine in these countries is slightly different, but the diet in them is based on vegetables, fruits, nuts, beans, olive oil and fish. Following this diet reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease and stroke by 30%.

The Mediterranean diet does not have a strict list of allowed or prohibited foods. It is the basis for a daily healthy diet, which is based on the following principles:

• Maximize your intake of fruits, vegetables, legumes, and whole grains.
• Limit your intake of red meat by replacing it with fish and poultry.
• Olive oil can be used instead of animal fats.
• Limit processed foods that are high in salt and saturated fat
• Do not consume a lot of dairy products, give preference to their low-fat types.
• Do not add salt to dishes at the table - it is already in the food.
• You can snack on fruit or unsalted nuts rather than muffins, chips, cakes, or cookies.
• Drink red wine with meals, but no more than 2 small glasses a day.
• Water is the best non-alcoholic drink.
• It is better to take food 5-6 times a day, but in smaller portions.

Mediterranean Diet Ingredients:

Vegetables and fruits

Doctors recommend eating at least 5-6 servings of fruits and vegetables per day. They are rich in fiber, antioxidants, and vitamins, especially vitamin C, which help reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.

Cereals

It is better to eat whole grains, such as whole grain bread and pasta, brown rice. These foods provide the body with carbohydrates, proteins, fiber, vitamins and minerals. Helps reduce blood cholesterol, reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease.

Fish and seafood

White fish (cod, flounder, hake, halibut) are a good source of low-fat protein. Seafood (shrimps, crabs, lobsters, mussels) contain proteins and some important trace elements. Butterfish is also rich in omega-3 fatty acids, vitamins A and D. Omega-3 fatty acids reduce the risk of recurrent myocardial infarction.

Legumes

They include beans, peas, lentils and chickpeas, which are a useful base for soups and stews. They provide the body with proteins, carbohydrates, fiber and vitamins. Legumes have been linked to a reduced risk of heart disease.

Fats and vegetable oils

To replace saturated fats of animal origin, vegetable oils rich in monounsaturated fatty acids are used. Olive oil is traditionally recommended.

Healthy monounsaturated fatty acids are also found in olives, nuts, and avocados.

Nuts and seeds

Nuts (almonds, walnuts, cashews, Brazil nuts) and seeds (pumpkin, sunflower, sesame, poppy) provide the body with proteins, fiber, vitamins and minerals, and are also rich in healthy unsaturated fatty acids.

You should not eat salted seeds, as salt can increase blood pressure.

The use of seeds in large quantities can cause obesity, as they contain a lot of fat.

White meat

Lean chicken, turkey and other poultry meat is rich in proteins, vitamins and minerals. It is best to remove all skin and any visible fat before use.

When white meat is included in ready-made foods (patties, shawarma, hamburgers), it contains much more fat and is not healthy.

Wine

Red wine contains antioxidants and anti-inflammatory substances that protect the heart from disease.

Excessive drinking of alcoholic beverages is harmful to health, so it is not recommended to drink more than 2 small glasses (125 ml each) of red wine per day.

dairy products

red meat

Beef, pork, and lamb are high in protein, vitamins, and minerals, but these meats are high in saturated fat. The consumption of red meat is limited to 1 time per week.

Potato

Contains fiber, B vitamins, vitamin C, potassium. However, potatoes are rich in starch, which increases the risk of diabetes. It is better to eat potatoes boiled or baked. Potato consumption is limited to three servings per week.

Sweets and desserts

Can be consumed only occasionally in small amounts, as they are rich in sugar and saturated fatty acids.

In the Mediterranean diet, the consumption of sweets or desserts is limited to three servings per week.

The DASH diet was developed by the US National Institutes of Health to lower blood pressure. Its principles are very similar to the Mediterranean Diet, with a few minor differences.

• Fruits and vegetables - as an important source of fiber, potassium and magnesium.
• Whole grains - as an important source of energy and fiber.
• Low-fat dairy products - as a source of calcium and protein.
• Birds and fish - as a source of protein and magnesium.
• Nuts and legumes - as rich sources of energy, fiber, protein and magnesium.
• Non-tropical vegetable oils - as a source of unsaturated fats.

Restricted use:

• saturated and trans fats,
• sodium,
• red meat,
• sweets and sweetened drinks.

Prohibited Products

Diet after myocardial infarction should reduce the risk of another heart attack. To do this, the diet should not include foods that increase blood pressure, increase cholesterol and blood sugar levels.

Prohibited and restricted products: