What antibiotic can be given to a child? List of antibiotics for children, as well as recommendations and advice for parents

AT childhood very difficult to avoid infections. Some of them require treatment. Often, parents are frightened by the need to take antibiotics, because there are many myths among the people about their endless harm to the body.

However, it should be remembered that the doctor prescribes antibiotic treatment only when the benefits far outweigh the harm. At correct application and following all recommendations, side effects can be minimized.

Antibiotics for children: application features

The doctor carefully examines the throat, possibly taking a smear and giving a referral for a follow-up examination. If confirmed bacterial etiology disease, the doctor will prescribe an antibiotic.

An antibiotic in suspension for coughing in a child is selected taking into account his age and diagnosis. Most often, children are prescribed the following drugs:

Azithromycin. Considered very effective drug, in some cases it is prescribed after a weaker antibiotic if there has been no progress. It is not recommended for children under 6 months of age. Available in both suspension and capsules. Children under 6 years of age are given a suspension. Side effects are rare, but diarrhea and nausea are possible.
. An antibiotic from the macrolide group. Azithromycin analogue. Available in powder form for suspension. The taste is pleasant, it smells of strawberries, while not cloying. Children drink it with pleasure. It is prescribed for various ENT diseases, including strong cough caused by bronchitis, pneumonia. The drug is given to the child 1 time per day, before or after meals. The powder bottle is completely diluted with water, and then shaken before each use.
. The antibiotic is also from the Macrolide group. Very effective, has a wide spectrum of action. Suspension reconstitution capsules are orange in color and have a banana flavor when reconstituted. The dosage is prescribed depending on the body weight of the child. The dose is usually divided into two doses during the day.

For throat diseases

Sore throat in a child - treatment with antibiotics

There are many diseases of the throat. They may wear different character have different etiologies.

In children, bacterial is most common, which is accompanied by a purulent coating on the tonsils, viral,. The throat can hurt in each case, but the treatment is selected individually. For bacterial infections such as tonsillitis and purulent tonsillitis, the doctor may prescribe.

Similar diseases with acute and chronic course can lead to various (probability of complications in children preschool age increased). To avoid this, antibiotic treatment should be started immediately after the doctor's recommendation.

Most often, an antibiotic is prescribed in suspension for diseases of the throat in a child.

The most popular are Amoxicillin, Amoxiclav, Suprax. Let's consider their action in more detail:

Amoxicillin. It is a broad spectrum antibiotic action spectrum. For children under 6 years old, granules for the preparation of a suspension are sold. It has a raspberry or strawberry flavor. The drug tends to enhance allergic reactions, so it is not prescribed for children with asthma and dermatitis. Among side effects nausea, vomiting, dysbacteriosis, allergy in the form of a rash.
Amoxiclav. The composition of the drug includes amoxicillin and clavulanic acid, which enhances its effect. It is often prescribed for pharyngitis. The suspension has no age restrictions. You can give it even to newborn children if necessary, but reducing the dosage. Usually the drug is given to the child 2 times a day, with severe course disease 3 times.
Suprax. it new drug, powerful antibiotic, which has a very wide range actions. It is referred to as a "reserve" and is prescribed for the ineffectiveness of the previous drug and the unknown etiology of the disease. If you start treatment immediately with such strong drug, bacteria will stop responding to less strong antibiotics. The suspension is diluted immediately in the vial. Take it 1-2 times a day for at least a week. It is not recommended to give the drug to children under six months of age. The drug has a number of side effects from an allergic reaction to dysbacteriosis and thrush.

Most often, mothers worry about the child for up to a year, they try to protect against infections and various medicines. Therefore, the need for antibiotics infancy is the subject of fierce debate between mothers and pediatricians.

For little ones infants up to a year, the circle of antibiotics narrows. At this time, the body is still weakened, the immune system not fully formed, and there are enough problems with the intestines even without antibiotics.

Of course, similar drugs affect the intestinal microflora, reduce immunity. However, in some cases, with a serious infection, antibiotic treatment cannot be dispensed with. The infection can be life-threatening for the child, and the mother, refusing treatment, must be aware of this.

The doctor prescribes the drug in the form of a suspension and, as a rule, prescribes a probiotic at the same time.

But even in this case, dysbacteriosis may appear. You can not interrupt the course without the recommendation of a doctor, as this can only aggravate the course of the disease. The infection may return, but with immunity to the antibiotic. The doctor will have to select a new drug and prescribe treatment again.

Most drugs are contraindicated for infants under 6 months of age. There are several suspensions that are relatively safe for a child at this age. These are Amoxiclav, Amoxicillin, Sumamed. Do not give small children antibiotics from the tetracycline group. They affect the formation of tooth enamel. As a result, a child's teeth initially grow weak.

Video - Antibiotics for children: purpose and proper use.

Breastfeeding should not be interrupted if the baby is taking antibiotics. On the contrary, breast milk will strengthen his body and help to cope with both infection and dysbacteriosis.

An infant can be given an antibiotic only in the form of a suspension, but not in the form of tablets or injections.Prescribe an antibiotic to an infant only a doctor can. If a decision is made to treat a child with such means, it is impossible to interrupt the course of treatment or independently increase the dosage. If the drug is ineffective, the doctor will change it to another, but the dosage should be age appropriate.Mom must follow the schedule for taking the drug so that the level of the substance in the blood is maintained at a constant level, only then the child can recover faster.

Pros and cons of using antibiotics

Antibiotics for children - benefits and harms

"Healed Immunity". So the people call the decrease in immunity as a result of the frequent use of antibiotics. It occurs when unreasonably frequent treatment antibiotics when bacteria develop immunity. The child begins to get sick often, and the treatment no longer helps.
Disease relapses. If you interrupt the course in the middle when the first improvements appear, it may return again, since the improvements do not mean that all the bacteria have died.
Dysbacteriosis. Frequent problem during treatment, even if all the rules are observed. If the doctor has prescribed probiotics, they should be given to the child to reduce the impact on the intestinal microflora.
Toxic effect on the body. back side- that's too much long-term use antibiotics. No need to keep giving them if there is no improvement. The bacteria are obviously insensitive to the drug, and its further intake will lead to poisoning and weakening of the body.

Antibiotics are a group of strong natural or synthetic drugs that can inhibit the growth of certain microorganisms or provoke their death. Without application similar substances indispensable in cases of serious illnesses in children of a bacterial nature: sinusitis, tonsillitis, tonsillitis, bronchitis, otitis media, sinusitis, whooping cough, pneumonia, meningitis, etc.

When to give

Not all infectious diseases are treated with antibiotics. So, the causative agent of diphtheria, fungal diseases, tetanus and botulism in children are toxins. cause of sinusitis and inflammatory diseases bronchial mucosa - viruses. Inflammation of the paranasal sinuses, ears and throat, accompanied by feverish conditions, are more often caused by the action of bacteria. Antibiotics affect only the simplest microorganisms and are useless in viral diseases such as influenza, hepatitis, chickenpox, herpes, rubella, measles.

Thus, if a child has just started a runny nose, a sore throat, or a fever, antibiotics should not be used immediately. In addition, after a course of one of the drugs of a certain series, the body gradually develops resistance (resistance) of pathogens to this medicine and weak sensitivity to the entire series. Therefore, the appointment of antibiotics for ARVI in children is justified only if the bacterial flora has joined the infection, and this usually happens no earlier than 3-4 days of illness.

Titles

Each group of antibiotics has its own mechanisms of action on microorganisms and affects a certain group of bacteria. Therefore, before prescribing drugs, it is necessary to take smears (tests for bacterial culture) from the pharynx and nose with the determination of the sensitivity of microflora to certain groups of antibiotics.

However, doctors do not always have such an opportunity, since the results of smears can be expected only 3-7 days after the donation, and the child’s condition is already critical at the current moment, in this case broad-spectrum antibiotics are prescribed.

Penicillin group

This is the main category of antibiotics that are prescribed to children with respiratory diseases. Penicillins interfere with the synthesis of the main substances that are part of cell membranes pathogenic bacteria, thereby causing their death.

Amoxicillin is prescribed for bacterial diseases top respiratory tract, ENT organs (tonsillitis, pharyngitis, otitis, etc.), genitourinary system(cystitis), gastric (peritonitis, enterocolitis), infectious infections skin and soft tissues. May be given to children over 2 years of age.
Flemoxin Solutab is a new generation analogue of amoxicillin, which can be prescribed to children from 1 year old. It is used to suppress pathogenic bacteria (staphylococci, streptococci), treat pneumonia, etc.
Augmentin is a broad-spectrum drug prescribed for children from the first days of life (in the form of drops). It has bacteriolytic (destructive) properties relative to aerobic, anaerobic gram-positive and gram-negative strains. According to the instructions, it is contraindicated in patients with severe impairment of liver and kidney function.
Amoxiclav - combined antibiotic for the treatment of sinusitis, acute abscesses, otitis, bronchitis, infections of the genitourinary system, skin, bones, joints, for prevention after surgical interventions. Children are prescribed from the first days of life in the form of a suspension.

Cephalosporin group

Semi-synthetic antibiotics that are more resistant to enzymes that produce pathogenic microorganisms. Their mechanism of action is to inhibit the growth of bacteria and their ability to reproduce. They are prescribed for the ineffectiveness of the antibiotics of the previous group, for 2-3 previous months.

Cefuroxime is an antibiotic with a broad bactericidal effect on strains of microorganisms insensitive to penicillins. It is prescribed for ENT diseases, infections of the upper respiratory tract, genitourinary system, gastric tract etc. Can be used orally, intravenously and intramuscularly from birth.
Axetil - indicated for sinusitis, tonsillitis, otitis media, stomatitis, pneumonia, urinary tract, skin, etc. The dosage of the antibiotic is prescribed individually, based on the severity of the disease and the characteristics of the patient's body. Assigned from birth.
Zinacef - appointed with infancy in appropriate body weight dosages for bronchitis, pneumonia, pleurisy, otitis media, tonsillitis, laryngitis and other diseases. When using the drug, it is necessary to constantly monitor the activity of the liver and kidneys, it can cause dysbacteriosis, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea.
Zinnat is an antibiotic with broad bacteriostatic and bactericidal properties; it is prescribed for children from birth in suspension.
Ikzim - antimicrobial agent third generation. Used to suppress infectious processes for acute and chronic pathologies pulmonary system, ENT organs, urinary tract, intestines. Approved for use by children from 6 months.
Suprax is an antibiotic for children older than 6 months. It is prescribed for infectious and inflammatory diseases of the throat, nose, ears, respiratory system etc. Constantly requires control over the functions of the kidneys and liver.
Ceftriaxone - is prescribed for the treatment of infections of the upper respiratory tract, respiratory tract, skin, genitourinary system, with abscesses, for prevention after surgical interventions. It is administered intramuscularly or intravenously to children from birth.

Macrolide group

The most powerful antibiotics with high activity against the bulk of pathogenic bacteria, disease-causing respiratory system in children. They are considered the least toxic, safe, well tolerated by young patients. They have predominantly bacteriostatic properties, accumulate well in soft tissues, have anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, mucoregulatory effects.

Sumamed is a new generation antibiotic, prescribed for children in suspension for tonsillitis, sinusitis, tonsillitis, scarlet fever, bronchitis, otitis media, infectious dermatoses, etc.
Azithromycin is a broad-spectrum drug for the treatment of infectious diseases of the respiratory tract, ENT organs, skin and urinary system.
Hemomycin is an agent with a pronounced bacteriostatic effect on the groups of staphylococci, streptococci, gynococci, meningococci. It is prescribed for babies from 6 months.
Klacid - used to suppress infectious processes of the upper and lower respiratory tract, as well as skin. According to the instructions, it is prescribed for children over 3 years old.

How to take

To avoid harm from taking antibiotics developing organism child, parents should know a few basic rules for taking these drugs:

The course of antibiotic treatment is a minimum of 5 days, a maximum of 14 (in severe cases). Even if on the 3rd day of taking the child it became much better, in no case should you stop treatment for at least another 48 hours. If drugs are taken incorrectly (unauthorized dose reduction, non-compliance with the regimen, or an incomplete course of treatment), only the weakest microorganisms die, although a temporary improvement in health status is noted. The remaining bacteria mutate, adapt to the previously taken medication and no longer respond to it. You have to look for a replacement, increase the dose or try an antibiotic of a completely different series.
Antibiotics should be taken at the same time every day. If you need to take the medicine 2 times a day, then this should be done exactly every 12 hours.
If the drug is given to young children in the form of a suspension or drops, then the contents of the vial are thoroughly stirred until the liquid becomes homogeneous and all the sediment dissolves.
Almost all antibiotics should be taken with or immediately after a meal. large quantity water (not tea, compote, milk, juice or mineral water).
For supporting normal level intestinal microflora and avoiding the development of dysbacteriosis in a child, bifidobacteria or lactobacilli should be taken in parallel (prescribed by a doctor).
While taking antibiotics, it is advisable to keep the child on a diet: exclude fatty, fried, smoked foods, sour fruit. The use of antibiotics in itself greatly inhibits liver function, and heavy meals greatly increase the load.

Any antibacterial drugs are prescribed only by a doctor. The dosage is calculated based on the severity of the disease, the characteristics of the body and general condition child.

If there is no improvement within 48-72 hours after starting antibiotics, you should immediately consult a doctor to adjust the treatment. The same actions of parents and when an allergic reaction or other side effects are detected in a child.
It is always necessary to record when, what drugs, what course were previously taken, whether allergic reactions or other side effects in children.

How often can you give

The less often antibiotics are used to treat children, the better. Over time, pathogens develop resistance to any antibacterial drug, which can complicate the treatment of diseases for the rest of their lives. Another argument against huge pressure on the growing body of the child.

Some advice for parents on taking antibiotics:

if the disease is not very serious, the use of antibacterial drugs should be avoided;
if the child has never been given antibiotics, then therapy should be started with the weakest medicine, but the selection of the drug and its dosage must be performed by the doctor;
after the end of treatment, for some time the child needs to be given probiotics for recovery normal microflora and absorbent preparations (Enterosgel or Polysorb) to remove toxins and decay products of pathogenic bacteria from the liver and body;
at the next serious illness, the doctor will prescribe a stronger drug to the child;

in recent times many topical antibacterial drugs have appeared (for example, Bioparox throat spray, Isofra, Polydex nasal drops, Sofradex ear drops, Garazon, Fluimucil-antibiotic IT for inhalation, etc.) less noticeably affecting children's body.

What are dangerous

Children are not recommended to take antibiotics of the aminoglycoside group, which have negative impact on the hearing organs and the renal system of the child. These include Kanamycin and Gentamicin.
Children under the age of 8 are prohibited from prescribing antibiotics of the tetracycline group (doxycycline, tetracycline, minocycline). The latter can contribute to the thinning of tooth enamel, as well as slowing down the growth of the bone skeleton.
Taking levomycetin can lead to the development of aplastic anemia in children.
Fluorinated quinolones (pefloxacin, ofloxacin) also belong to the category of antibiotics prohibited for children, they violate normal development cartilage of the joints.

All of the listed groups of antibiotics are prescribed to children only in exceptional cases when the disease is not treatable with other drugs, and the benefits of taking an antibiotic outweigh the possible risks.

Almost all antibiotics have a negative effect on the liver, are quite toxic, cause allergic reactions and other side effects (nausea, vomiting, dizziness, dysfunction gastrointestinal tract).

For infants

Infants antibiotics are prescribed only in extremely severe cases. They are administered, as a rule, orally (considered the most gentle method) in the form of suspensions or drops. The finished mixture has a limited shelf life, therefore, in pharmacies it is sold in the form of a bottle of powder for diluting the suspension. After the end of treatment, the drug is no longer suitable for long-term storage. If there are reasons why a child cannot take medicines by mouth, they are given injections.

Drugs approved for use in infants:

Augmentin, Amoxiclav, Cefuroxime, Asketil, Ceftriaxone, Sumamed - from the first days of life;
Ikzim, Zinnat, Pancef, Hemomycin - from 6 months;
Flemoxin - from 1 year;
Amoxicillin - from 2 years;
Klacid - from 3 years.

How to boost immunity after treatment

Taking antibiotics, as a rule, contributes to the development of intestinal dysbacteriosis in children, since beneficial bacteria living in digestive tract. Therefore, it is necessary simultaneous reception drugs that restore the intestinal microflora. Probiotics are live cultures of bifidus or lactobacilli that enrich and normalize the flora of the gastrointestinal tract, thereby raising the body's immunity.

Commonly used probiotic preparations:

Linex - restores the natural intestinal flora, eliminates diarrhea in a child after taking antibiotics. It can be prescribed from the first days of life.
Bifiform - promotes the colonization of bacteria that produce lactic and acetic acid which prevents the growth of pathogenic microorganisms. Approved for use in neonates.
Bifidumbacterin - restores the flora, improves the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract, has immunomodulatory properties. It can be prescribed from the first days of life.
Laktiv-ratiopharm - contains bifidobacteria and lactobacilli, positively affects the microflora and the entire body of the child. Prescribed for children from 2 years.
Khilak - normalizes the pH balance of the stomach, inhibits growth pathogenic bacteria. Designed for children from birth.

Simultaneously with antibiotics in children with reduced immunity shows the use of drugs that increase the body's resistance to infectious and non-infectious infections, and tissue regeneration.

The main groups of immunomodulators:

Interferon - prevents infection of the body with infections, increases defensive forces. It is prescribed for children from 1 year.
Immunoglobulin - contains many antibodies that successfully resist pathogenic bacteria and viruses. It can be prescribed to children from the first days of life.
Anaferon - homeopathic immunomodulator that increases the level of antibodies in the body. Approved for use from 6 months.
Aflubin - complex homeopathic remedy, which has immunostimulating, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory properties. Designed for children from birth.

An antibiotic is a natural or artificially synthesized substance designed to fight the activity of bacteria and microscopic fungi. Antibiotics do not work on viruses (ARI, SARS)! There are antibiotics for both external and internal use.

Antibiotics include:

Preparations for the suppression of coccal bacteria;
Broad Spectrum Drugs.
Preparations for the impact on gram-negative rods.
Anti-tuberculosis drugs.
Preparations for the impact on fungi.

Antibiotics for children are used in the following cases:

Otitis.
Purulent sinusitis in acute form or its exacerbation.
Paratonsillitis.
Streptococcal tonsillitis.
Pneumonia.
Epiglotitis.
Exacerbation of chronic tonsillitis.

Before deciding which antibiotic to give the child, the general temperature should be measured. For children under 3 years of age, the temperature at which you should already think about giving your child an antibiotic is 39 ° C, for children under 3 months - 38 ° C. In other cases, an increase general temperature body without other symptoms is not an indication for antibiotic prescription.

Side effects when taking antibiotics:

Allergic reaction.
Diarrhea.
Vomit.
Thrush.

List of names of antibiotics that may be given to a newborn

Amoxicillin, Flemoxin Solutab, Augmentin, Amoxiclav, Ampicillin. Used to treat bronchitis and pneumonia.
Cefuroxime axetil, Zinacef, Zinnat Aksetin. They help with ENT diseases, are used to continue treatment with other antibiotics, so as not to be addictive.
Azithromycin, Sumamed, Hemomycin. Used to treat respiratory diseases.

There are also certain rules taking antibiotics:

You can not change the treatment regimen on your own.
In case of recurrence, an analogue drug should be used.
For individual selection of an antibiotic, it is recommended to take an analysis for bak.sowing.
The time and frequency of admission must be strictly observed.
In parallel with treatment, you should follow a diet

It should be remembered that children's antibiotics are produced mainly in suspensions, there are no antibiotics in suppositories. Long or frequent use antibiotics causes body habituation and the medicine simply stops helping the child. Injections of antibiotics should be carried out only in the absence of analogues in the form of tablets or syrup. Along with antibiotics, probiotics (in the form of drugs or food) should be used.

Once again, we note that the indication for the use of an antibiotic is the bacterial nature of the disease. So, bronchitis or sinusitis are mainly viral infections, and to determine streptococcal tonsillitis a special test is required. An antibiotic can be used against such diseases only if it is attached to them. bacterial infection. It is possible to confirm this after visiting child therapist and surrender necessary analyzes. Self-medication with antibiotics is fraught with serious consequences.

Oh those antibiotics! Under what beautiful names they are produced, what mountains of gold they promise! drank magic pill- and it's all over. From what you really need to drink antibiotics and whether to give them to your baby - we decide together in this article.

Do not resort to antibiotics every time, otherwise the child's immunity will forget how to fight infections on its own.

Antibiotic, what are you?

Antibiotics are substances of natural or synthetic origin that inhibit the vital activity of bacteria and some microscopic fungi. Unlike antiseptics, antibiotics can act not only externally, but also be active inside the body.

The discovery of antibiotics made effective treatment some serious illnesses, such as anthrax. They have also become widely used in severe injuries, wounds and after operations to suppress purulent processes.

On the this moment there are many types of these drugs, including the so-called "broad-spectrum antibiotics", which are often prescribed even with an unspecified diagnosis.

Types of antibiotics

There are a great many antibiotics, and they are classified according to several criteria - according to the mechanism of action on the bacterium, according to the structure and type of effect on the cell (bactericidal and bacteriostatic). It is also important to classify antibiotics according to their effect on different types bacteria:

acting on cocci(, meningococci, streptococci and others), as well as corynobacteria and clostridia - 1st generation cephalosporins, benzylpenicillin, macrolides, bicillins, lincomycin;
broad spectrum of action, especially pathogenic for gram-positive rods - cephalosporins of the 2nd generation, tetracyclines (not recommended up to 8 years), chloramphenicol (undesirable for newborns), semi-synthetic penicillins, aminoglycosides;
"specializing" in gram-negative rods- 3rd generation cephalosporins, polymyxins;
anti-tuberculosis- streptomycin, florimycin, rifampicin;
acting on fungi- nystatin, diflucan, levorin, ketoconazole.

When a child is prone to frequent and prolonged respiratory diseases, he needs to do inhalations. In this case, parents will come to the rescue. This device is easy to use and greatly speeds up the healing process. The nebulizer can be used by all family members.

For the baby to be healthy, vitamin D must be present in his body. It also prevents other serious illnesses. How much to give the baby this vitamin read

When antibiotics are needed

Antibiotic treatment in children is clearly needed when the following diseases:

or exacerbation of its chronic form;
paratonsillitis;
caused by streptococcus;
otitis in infants up to six months;
epiglotitis;
paratonsillitis;
pneumonia.

Inflammation of the lungs without antibiotics can not be defeated!

It is also possible to prescribe antibiotic therapy in children with otitis media older than six months and in children with exacerbation of chronic tonsillitis.

After taking antibiotics, the child must eat properly so that the restoration of the intestinal microflora takes place faster. Moms have a question about what kind of complementary foods to choose for such babies.

Restoration of intestinal microflora is impossible without fermented milk products. In we will talk about the introduction of kefir into the diet of a child, and we will also tell you how to prepare this drink at home.

Children grow quickly and over time, the grown body must receive vitamins and minerals from the outside. useful material which are missing in breast milk. For full development, babies need vitamin C, which in in large numbers found in apples. This page contains detailed information about the basic rules for the first feeding with applesauce.

List of antibiotics for children

The most popular antibiotics for children should be known to any competent mother:

- a group of penicillins, the spectrum of action is quite wide. They are used for pneumonia, otitis, tonsillitis, pharyngitis and sinusitis, as well as cystitis or urethritis. Convenient granules for the preparation of a suspension / syrup, they are diluted with boiled water. Babies under 2 years old - a quarter of a teaspoon, up to 5 years - half. The average price is 150 rubles.

This drug is suitable for the smallest children.

, thanks to the acid, the spectrum of action is wider. Indications are the same as those of amoxicillin. Prohibited for babies under 3 months. May give an allergic reaction. The price is from 150 to 250 rubles, depending on the dosage. Analogue of Augmentin -.

Feedback from mother Eva, 1 year old:

“Augmentin was prescribed to us for bronchitis, a teaspoonful 2 times a day. I read the instructions and turned gray: for Eve's weight, you need TWO TIMES LESS. In general, they drank according to the instructions for a week. The temperature returned to normal, as they began to drink it.

Zinacef- cephalosporin of the 2nd generation, a wide range of effects, indications: otitis media, pneumonia, frontal sinusitis, sinusitis, tonsillitis, cystitis. For injection only. Children are prescribed 30-100 mg per 1 kg of weight per day. Diluted with water for injection. It costs from 130 rubles.
- cephalosporin of the 2nd generation, granules are convenient for suspension preparation. Indications: diseases of the upper and lower respiratory tract, ENT organs, infections of the urogenital area. Not recommended for children under 3 months. Dosage of 10 mg per 1 kg of baby's weight, given twice a day. The cost is from 200 rubles.

Zinnat should not be given to babies under 3 years old!

- active substance azithromycin, refers to azalides, a wide spectrum of action on bacteria. Indications: sinusitis, otitis media, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, pneumonia. Contraindicated for children under 6 months of age. Shake the bottle before use, after swallowing, give it a drink with water to swallow all the granules. The dosage is 10 mg per kg of the child's weight, given once a day, the course of treatment is 3 days. The price of the drug is an average of 230 rubles.

Rita, Gelendzhik says:

“The whole family fell ill with SARS, the child was 7 months old. The doctor prescribed Sumamed. I thought and thought, dug up the entire Internet, tormented my girlfriends - I didn’t give it to my son. The nose was washed, breast-fed, slept all day. I believe that the doctor ordered us to get rid of.

- active antibiotic cefixime, a 3rd generation cephalosporin. Treatment of infections of the upper respiratory tract, bronchitis, otitis media, infections of the genitourinary system. Not allowed for children under six months of age. From 6 months to a year - from 2 to 4 ml per 1 kg of body weight, over 2 years - 5 ml. Divide the dosage into 2-3 doses. Dilute the granules with boiled water room temperature. The medicine costs about 500 rubles.
- the active ingredient is amoxicillin, intestinal antibiotic. Indicated in diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, in particular bacterial intestinal infections. Children 1-3 years old: 250 mg twice a day or 125 mg three times. For children under one year old, 30 mg per 1 kg per day is calculated, taking this dose divided by 2-3 times. The price is about 250 rubles.
- cephalosporin of the 3rd generation, available in injections for intramuscular and intravenous administration, is contraindicated in premature and newborns with. Newborns up to 2 weeks - 20-50 mg per 1 kg of baby's weight per day, older - from 20 to 75 per kilogram. The course is at least 4 days, depending on the pathogen. The injections are very painful. The cost is around 19 rubles per ampoule.

Remember that antibiotic injections are extreme case therapy, and in situations where there is no threat to the life of the child or atypical strange symptoms, you need to choose suspensions or tablets (for children who can chew). Also, antibiotics are not produced in the form rectal suppositories. If the baby refuses to drink the suspension, try mixing it with jam or other food that he likes.

Often, pediatricians prescribe antibiotics for angina for children under 3 years old. They are simply necessary if the disease is caused dangerous bacteria, and only this group of drugs can kill them. Each of antibacterial agents has its own instructions for use, so you need to know at what age they are acceptable. Knowing this information is useful for young mothers, because caring for a child and timely help speed up recovery.

The most popular drugs prescribed for children

Not special antibiotics which are intended for children. AT young age give the same drugs as adults, only in a different dosage form (suspensions, solutions). At 3 years old, you need to be extremely careful with the choice of antibacterial agents. Only a doctor deals with treatment and selection of medicines, and self-treatment is dangerous for a child and leads to serious internal disorders.

With angina, as well as other viral diseases, the following groups of antibiotics are prescribed:

penicillins;
macrolides;
cephalosporins.

Every young mother needs to know about these medicines, their features and uses.

Penicillin antibiotics

This type of antibiotic is most suitable for children under three years of age. Penicillins are natural and semi-synthesized, and also have a relatively weak effect on the patient's body. But this does not reduce their effectiveness in the fight against some gram-negative bacteria and most gram-positive ones. Medications penicillin series disrupt the synthesis of the cell wall of bacteria, which leads to their death.

To other advantages of this pharmacological group should be attributed:

low toxicity;
broad spectrum of antimicrobial action;
the ability to quickly penetrate into the tissues and fluids of a sick body;
no side effects when used correctly;
opportunity to give to newborn children.

The most common and effective medicines of this group are:

Amoxiclav - powder for oral suspension. Consists of two components: amoxicillin and clavulanic acid. Finished product can be given to newborns. Children under 2 years of age should use a dose of no more than 40 mg of amoxicillin and 10 mg of clavulanic acid per 1 kg of body weight per day. In the first 3 months, it is enough to give 2 times a day, and from the age of four months, increase the number of doses up to 3 times. Therapy lasts 5-14 days.
Amoxicillin - granules for suspension. During cooking, you need to fill the container with granules to the mark clean water and shake. From 0 to 3 months, the dosage is calculated according to the formula 30 mg per 1 kg of body weight 2 times a day. Children under 2 years of age weighing less than 10 kg are given 0.5 scoop three times a day.
Flemoxin Solutab - antimicrobial tablets for systemic use. One of the most affordable antibiotics. Allowed for children from 1 year. The daily dose is 40-90 mg of the drug per 1 kg per day, while it must be divided into several doses. Take before, during or after a meal.
Augmentin - powder for oral suspension. Intended from 2 months, and at an older age, another dosage form is suitable. Daily dosage varies: 25-45 mg of amoxicillin / 3.6-6.4 mg of clavulanic acid per 1 kg of body weight. The suspension is divided into 2 doses.

That is why pediatricians prescribe penicillins in the first place. The choice of other groups of antibiotics happens if these drugs are not suitable for patients or are not able to cope with the problem. It should be noted that it is impossible to combine penicillins with bacteriostatics, because their effectiveness is weakened.

Macrolides

Important! In addition to the main tasks, macrolides eliminate inflammatory processes and enhance the child's immune defenses. This makes them multifunctional and effective in a variety of applications. viral diseases including angina.

Antibiotics are suitable for children 3 years old:

Azithromycin - antimicrobial drug in capsules. Contraindicated in children with hypersensitivity. If the patient's weight is less than 45 kg, but more than 5 kg, then another dosage form: powder for suspension. Take 1 time per day 5-10 mg of the finished medication per kg of the baby's weight. The course of treatment is 3-4 days.
Sumamed - capsules and powder for suspensions, but in childhood only the second option is acceptable. From six months, the dosage is calculated from the ratio of 10 mg / kg of body weight. You need to drink the suspension 1 hour before meals or 2 hours later. The therapy lasts 3 days.
Klacid is an antimicrobial drug for systemic use. In pharmacies, this remedy for children is presented in the form of granules for oral suspension of 125 and 250 mg. Drink with or without food for infants and children over 6 months of age. 7.5 mg of suspension is enough for 1 kg.
Hemomycin is a powder for oral suspension. It has a pleasant taste and fruity aroma, so young children do not need to be forced to drink medicine. You can start using from 6 months. It is sold in two concentrations: 100 and 200. The first option is recommended for children under 1 year old, and Hemomycin-200 for older ones. The daily dose is the same: 10 mg / kg of baby's weight.

Cephalosporins

Cephalosporins are semi-synthetic antibiotics. They stop the growth of pathogenic microbes, prevent them from spreading throughout the child's body, and then cause their death. Usually they are prescribed in the absence of positive dynamics from the use of penicillins.

Important! The frequency of allergic reactions and other side effects is much less than when taking penicillin antibiotics.

Parents of a three-year-old child need to pay attention to such cephalosporins:

Cefuroxime - powder for solution for injection. It affects those bacteria against which penicillins are powerless. Can be used from the first days of life. The permissible daily volume of the drug is 30 mg / kg. Divide the dosage into 4 doses. After six months of age, you can increase to 40 mg. The price makes the drug affordable for everyone.
Suprax - granules for oral suspension. Allowed from the age of six months. In this case, the dosage is 2.5-4 ml of suspension, and from 1 year daily dose increases to 5-10 ml. can be taken once a day or divided into 2 doses. The course of treatment is 7-10 days.
Zinnat is a second-generation antimicrobial antibiotic. Available in the form of soluble granules for suspension. Take 2 times a day, 60 ml of medication. On average, treatment lasts up to 2 weeks.
Pancef - granules or powder for suspension. Assign with tonsillitis, if it is very difficult and with complications. This helps bring down the temperature and improve the condition of the sick child. Six-month-old children and older are given 8 mg per 1 kg of suspension weight and 4 mg per 1 kg of powder. The duration of therapy is 7-10 days.
Zinacef is a soluble powder for injection. The optimal dosage is 60 mg / kg per day for children of any age, including newborns. The dose is divided into 3-4 injections.

Angina in children under 3 years old

Diagnose angina in such early age it is often difficult, because the baby cannot clearly tell what specifically hurts and worries. This complicates the treatment process: the baby refuses to take medication, does not want to lie in bed and is constantly naughty. Therefore, it is better to go to the hospital with the baby, where doctors will monitor the course of the disease and inject antibiotics.

With angina in children of three years of age, except for common symptoms(temperature, headache) there is severe discomfort. Because of this, parents begin to treat the child for a common cold. This not only does not give any results, but also worsens the condition. Negative symptoms only grows, and the baby weakens even more.

Principles of treatment

Angina is infectious disease and transmitted by airborne droplets, therefore, the patient must be protected from healthy family members, separate cutlery should be allocated, bed sheets and other personal items. As it is right, antibiotics are indispensable for tonsillitis, but in case of side effects or contraindications, other antimicrobial agents are prescribed.

Antibiotics are not deadly, but they can harm a child's fragile body. They seriously disrupt immune defenses and intestinal microflora. This is due to the fact that as a result of therapy, not only pathogenic microbes die, but also inhabiting digestive system bacteria. To avoid dysbacteriosis, doctors additionally prescribe prebiotics.

The main task for mothers is to adhere to the following recommendations:

don't give up breastfeeding because milk contains all the nutrients;
improve intestinal flora with the help of fermented milk products (Acidophyllin, Bifidok), if they are allowed and there is no allergy to lactose;
to normalize the microflora, give medicines:

Hilak Forte - drops, take at the age of 2 years;

Bifidumbacterin - lyophilisate for the manufacture of a suspension; give from birth;

Creon 10000 - hard capsules; safe even for newborns.

It is worth noting that the choice of antibiotic depends not only on the nature of the sore throat. Significantly affects the age of the child and his condition, the presence concomitant diseases and other factors. In addition to drug treatment, you need to provide the baby with constant rest, so as not to overload the heart muscle, and drink plenty of fluids. Suitable boiled water room temperature, compote, tea and other drinks.

Treatment of children at 1 year

One-year-old patients cannot cope with purulent tonsillitis on their own. Mother's milk no longer functions immune protection, and the child's body has not yet learned to cope with this task. In addition, at this age, a son or daughter cannot tell their parents about what worries them. He does not know how to cough up sputum, he can choke or choke on accumulated mucus.

When antibiotic therapy for one-year-old children, it must be remembered that only a pediatrician prescribes drugs if there is no other alternative and the expected effect is much greater compared to possible complications. To do this, you need to conduct an examination and accurately determine the cause of the disease. Antibiotics only fight diseases bacterial nature and have no effect on viruses.

It is worth noting that children cannot swallow antibiotics in tablets or capsules, therefore drugs are prescribed in the form of syrups, suspensions and soluble powders. The doctor chooses medicines from this list:

Penicillins: Augmentin, Amoxiclav, Amoxicillin, Flemoxin Solutab;
Cephalosporins: Zinacef, Suprax, Cefuroxime, Zinnat;
Macrolides: Sumamed, Azithromycin, Hemomycin.

AT one year old and preschoolers in general should not use tetracyclines. They are only allowed from 8 years old. Their use negatively affects the formation of tooth enamel or destroys it.

Treatment of children at 2 years

Two-year-old children are prescribed the same antibiotics as one-year-olds. The course lasts from several days to a week. It depends on the form of angina and the complexity of the course. But at that age you can't get by alone antibacterial drugs. Will only help complex treatment, namely the combination with probiotics. With these methods, you can achieve an improvement in well-being in a day, and the temperature returns to normal after a couple of days.

Important! A child at 2 years old cannot gargle or refuses to do so. In this case, parents are required to process palatine tonsils sick baby special antiseptics 4 times a day.

If the temperature cannot be brought down, antipyretics will help. The most common of these is Paracetamol. Its reception should be dosed. For children under 12 years of age, manufacturers produce syrups and suspensions that little patients drink with pleasure.

Treatment of children at 3 years

In 3 years, the tactics of treating angina is no different from the treatment of two-year-old patients. The same drugs are prescribed in the same dosages, but many manufacturers recommend switching from suspensions to tablets and capsules at this age. This is not prerequisite, that's why correct option the doctor will advise.

Antiviral therapy

If the cause of tonsillitis is viruses or pathogenic fungi from the genus Candida, antibiotics are powerless. Will only help antiviral drugs: Tsitovir, Anaferon, Viferon, Ergoferon. They are approved for use from 6 months. You also need to take medications to maintain immunity: Timogen, Roncoleukin, Transfer Factor. They can be used from birth.

Causes and signs of the development of angina

Angina, or acute tonsillitis, is the most common infectious disease upper respiratory tract. With the disease, the components of the lymphadenoid pharyngeal ring, mainly the palatine tonsils, become inflamed. These processes are caused by staphylococci and streptococci, but other pathogens can also.

Infected with tonsillitis by airborne droplets when infected person during coughing and talking secretes into environment microbes. Man with strong immunity able to resist infection, but the children's body is too weak. In addition, beriberi, hypothermia, poor ecology and difficult nasal breathing favorably affect the pathogen.

You can recognize angina by the following symptoms:

temperature rise to 39-40⁰С;
chills;
feeling of weakness and malaise;
sore throat, aggravated by swallowing (becomes the reason for refusing to eat);
enlargement and redness of the tonsils.

With the development of the disease, the tonsils are covered with a milky coating. It accumulates mucopurulent substance. Submandibular and ear The lymph nodes increase and become painful, and the palatine arches overflow with blood. The main thing for acute tonsillitis not characterized by cough, runny nose and copious excretion lacrimal fluid. But depending on the type of sore throat, vomiting, indigestion, the spread of pus along the throat mucosa and other signs may occur.

Folk methods of treatment

Fight against angina folk remedies should not be independent, but only accompany the main drug treatment. Tinctures on beets and lemon, inhalations on propolis infusion, compresses with cabbage and garlic help. But it is better not to risk the health of the child, and trust the experts.

What is sore throat

If you do not start treatment on time and start the problem, then there is a risk of complications. The infection affects the lymph nodes and peritoneal tissue, the inflammation goes to the ear and paranasal sinuses nose. The functioning of the kidneys and heart can be disrupted, joints are often affected.

Treatment of purulent tonsillitis in a child

Judging by the name, with purulent sore throat appears purulent exudate on the tonsils. Clearly felt bad smell out of the mouth and redness in oral cavity. The danger is that a retropharyngeal abscess may develop. This pathology is characteristic only for children and leads to impaired respiratory function.

In addition to antibiotics, other medications are taken. Lugol's solution is applied to the tonsils. It's not easy because bad taste makes babies vomit. You also need to irrigate the throat with sprays (Givalex, Aqua Maris, Yoks) and use antiseptics (Septolete, Decatilen, Trachisan).

Prevention of angina

For the prevention of angina it is necessary:

harden the child;
strengthen immunity;
provide the necessary vitamins;
dress warmly in cold weather and do not let it freeze;
visit a doctor regularly.

Thus, antibiotics are an indispensable part of the treatment of angina. There are drugs that are absolutely safe for young patients and help them cope with the problem. The main thing is to identify the symptoms of the disease in time and stop it in the early stages.