Strict observance of a certain set of rules is a guarantee of a quick recovery after surgery and anesthesia. Removal of the uterus: rules of life after surgery

Abdominal surgery is a method of surgical treatment, the implementation of which is accompanied by the destruction of the protective barrier of the abdominal cavity or sternum. After such an intervention, the patient requires a long recovery, which allows not only to gradually return to the usual way of life, but also to reduce the risk of complications. Recovery after abdominal surgery requires compliance with certain rules regarding diet, suture processing features and other methods of rehabilitation.

Conventionally, rehabilitation is divided into several periods:

early: lasts from the first minutes after the intervention of surgeons to the removal of sutures (up to 10 days);
late: until discharge from the hospital (1-2 weeks);
remote: lasts until full recovery.

Separately, it is possible to single out the mode of motor activity observed after the operation. These are strict bed, bed, ward and free modes. The duration of the recovery stages depends on the complexity of the surgical intervention, the immune status, the age and general health of the person, as well as how long the suture heals.

The recovery period after surgery begins in the postoperative ward of a medical institution. During the first hours and days in the body, such disorders as the residual effect of anesthesia, emotional stress, pain in the suture area, as well as hypokinesia, a temporary disruption of the functioning of the respiratory system associated with a violation of the integrity of the chest, are observed in the body. Strict adherence to all the doctor's recommendations will help speed up the recovery of the body in the first days.

In the early period of rehabilitation after abdominal surgery, the following recommendations are observed:

The patient is in a clean and well-ventilated room with moderate lighting.
The position of the person depends on which part of the body the operation was performed on. If it was accompanied by an opening of the chest, then the patient is in an elevated position. After spinal surgery, the person should lie flat.
In the first hours after surgery, the patient may feel pain in the suture area. In this case, the doctor may prescribe painkillers to the patient. Cooling compresses (ice wrapped in cotton cloth) may also be used to relieve pain. The cause of discomfort in the area is often a tight bandage. To reduce pain in the patient, the surgeon can weaken it.
The physical activity of the patient is resumed under the supervision of a physician. Moderate and regular movements after surgery can avoid pressure ulcers and the development of thromboembolism.

During the first days, the patient's condition (results of blood and urine tests, temperature after abdominal surgery) is carefully monitored. Alarming symptoms include signs of intoxication, impaired coordination and thinking, convulsions, high body temperature. With these symptoms, the patient needs urgent medical attention.

How long does the seam heal after abdominal surgery?

The seam after abdominal surgery, the healing of which takes several days or even weeks, requires special attention to itself. The exact period of healing of sutures after surgery depends on the patient's age, the presence of chronic diseases, immune status, body weight and blood supply to the area of the body, the integrity of which has been compromised. Also, the duration of the healing period of the suture is affected by the degree of compliance with measures to prevent infection. If the suture site becomes inflamed as a result of infection, the healing period will increase significantly.

How long does a stitch take to heal? In this case, everything depends on the characteristics of the surgical intervention. For example, after the removal of appendicitis, the healing period takes at least a week. After removal of the pelvic organs in women, the healing time of the sutures is 10-12 days. With extensive abdominal operations, the wound can heal for more than two weeks.

How long the stitches heal after abdominal surgery also depends on how carefully the patient follows the doctor's recommendations. Moderate physical activity will speed up recovery, due to which the blood supply to the area of the body injured by surgical instruments is normalized. At the same time, the abuse of physical activity can lead to divergence of the postoperative wound with all the ensuing consequences.

How long the suture heals also depends on the use of topical agents - ointments, creams and gels for accelerated wound healing. Such drugs are used only according to the scheme prescribed by the doctor.

During the first weeks, the patient wears a bandage on the postoperative wound. In no case should the affected area be wetted before removing the bandage. To prevent the seams from getting wet when taking a shower and other hygiene procedures, a waterproof patch allows. If the dressing becomes dirty or torn, it must be replaced. Only an experienced nurse can change the bandage after surgery.

What can you eat after abdominal surgery?

Nutrition after abdominal surgery is another integral part of the rehabilitation period after surgery. In the first days of recovery, the patient can only consume mineral water without gas or unsweetened tea. Drinking should be frequent, and the liquid itself should be taken in small sips.

Nutrition during the rehabilitation period depends on the specifics of the surgical intervention. Patients in need of recovery are prescribed a zero therapeutic diet in three variations - 0A, 0B, 0B. The diet is adjusted taking into account the specifics of the surgical intervention. So, the diet after abdominal surgery to remove the pelvic organs in women involves the use of liquid or semi-liquid food, which avoids excessive stress on the intestines. The use of cereals, lean meat, sea fish and a moderate amount of walnuts allows you to recover from heavy blood loss. If the patient has any questions about what to eat, he should consult a doctor.

Return to the usual way of life

After discharge from the hospital, the patient should not forget to follow the recommendations of the doctor. In the first months after surgery, intense physical activity, weight lifting, hypothermia and sexual activity are prohibited if a gynecological operation was performed. As for the use of traditional medicine to speed up recovery, this issue should be discussed with the doctor.

Any surgical intervention is a forced measure associated with varying degrees of trauma to the tissues of the body. How quickly the patient can return to active life depends on the recovery time of the body after surgery and the speed of suture healing. Therefore, questions about how quickly the sutures heal and how to avoid postoperative complications are so important. The rate of wound healing, the risk of complications and the appearance of the scar after surgery depend on the suture material and the method of suturing. We will talk more about seams today in our article.

Types of suture materials and methods of suturing in modern medicine

An ideal suture material should have the following characteristics:

Be smooth, glide without causing additional damage. To be elastic, extensible, without causing compression and tissue necrosis. Be durable, withstand loads. Tie securely in knots. Possess biocompatibility with body tissues, inertness (do not cause tissue irritation), have low allergenicity. The material must not swell from moisture. The term of destruction (biodegradation) of absorbable materials should coincide with the time of wound healing.

Different suture materials have different qualities. Some of them are advantages, others are disadvantages of the material. For example, smooth threads will be difficult to tighten into a strong knot, and the use of natural materials, so valued in other areas, is often associated with an increased risk of infection or allergies. Therefore, the search for the ideal material continues, and so far there are at least 30 thread options, the choice of which depends on specific needs.

Suture materials are divided into synthetic and natural, absorbable and non-absorbable. In addition, materials are made, consisting of one thread or several: monofilament or polyfilament, twisted, braided, having various coatings.

Non-absorbable materials:

Natural - silk, cotton. Silk is a relatively strong material, thanks to its plasticity, it ensures the reliability of knots. Silk refers to conditionally non-absorbable materials: over time, its strength decreases, and after about a year the material is absorbed. In addition, silk threads cause a pronounced immune response and can serve as a reservoir of infection in the wound. Cotton has low strength and is also capable of causing intense inflammatory reactions. Stainless steel threads are durable and give minimal inflammatory reactions. They are used in operations on the abdominal cavity, when suturing the sternum and tendons. Synthetic non-absorbable materials have the best characteristics. They are more durable, their use causes minimal inflammation. Such threads are used to compare soft tissues, in cardio and neurosurgery, and ophthalmology.

Absorbable materials:

Natural catgut. The disadvantages of the material include a pronounced tissue reaction, the risk of infection, insufficient strength, inconvenience in use, and the inability to predict the timing of resorption. Therefore, the material is currently practically not used. Synthetic absorbable materials. Produced from degradable biopolymers. They are divided into monofilament and polyfilament. Much more reliable in comparison with catgut. They have certain resorption periods, which differ for different materials, are quite durable, do not cause significant tissue reactions, and do not slip in the hands. They are not used in neuro and cardiac surgery, ophthalmology, in situations where constant suture strength is required (for suturing tendons, coronary vessels).

Suturing methods:

Ligature sutures - with their help, they tie up the vessels to ensure hemostasis. Primary sutures - allow you to match the edges of the wound for healing by primary intention. Seams are continuous and nodal. According to indications, submerged, purse-string and subcutaneous sutures can be applied. Secondary sutures - this method is used to strengthen the primary sutures, to re-close the wound with a large number of granulations, in order to strengthen the wound that heals by secondary intention. Such seams are called retention and are used to unload the wound and reduce tissue tension. If the primary suture was applied in a continuous way, interrupted sutures are used for the secondary, and vice versa.

How long do stitches heal

Every surgeon strives to achieve wound healing by primary intention. At the same time, tissue restoration takes place in the shortest possible time, swelling is minimal, there is no suppuration, the amount of discharge from the wound is insignificant. Scarring with such healing is minimal. The process goes through 3 phases:

Inflammatory reaction (first 5 days), when leukocytes and macrophages migrate to the wound area, destroying microbes, foreign particles, destroyed cells. During this period, the connection of tissues has not reached sufficient strength, and they are held together by seams. Migration and proliferation phase (until day 14), when collagen and fibrin are produced in the wound by fibroblasts. Due to this, granulation tissue is formed from the 5th day, the fixation strength of the wound edges increases. Phase of maturation and restructuring (from the 14th day to complete healing). In this phase, the synthesis of collagen and the formation of connective tissue continues. Gradually, a scar forms at the site of the wound.

How long does it take for stitches to be removed?

When the wound has healed enough that it no longer needs the support of non-absorbable sutures, they are removed. The procedure is carried out under sterile conditions. At the first stage, the wound is treated with an antiseptic, hydrogen peroxide is used to remove the crusts. Grabbing the thread with surgical tweezers, cross it at the point of entry into the skin. Gently pull the thread from the opposite side.

Suture removal time depending on their location:

Sutures on the skin of the trunk and extremities should be left in place for 7 to 10 days. Stitches on the face and neck are removed after 2-5 days. Retention sutures are left for 2-6 weeks.

Factors affecting the healing process

The speed of suture healing depends on many factors, which can be conditionally divided into several groups:

Features and nature of the wound. Definitely, wound healing after minor surgery will be faster than after laparotomy. The process of tissue repair is lengthened in case of suturing the wound after an injury, when there has been contamination, penetration of foreign bodies, and crushing of tissues. The location of the wound. Healing is best in areas with good blood supply, with a small thickness of the subcutaneous fat layer. Factors determined by the nature and quality of the surgical care provided. In this case, the features of the incision, the quality of intraoperative hemostasis (stop bleeding), the type of suture materials used, the choice of suturing method, compliance with asepsis rules, and much more are important. Factors related to the age of the patient, his weight, health status. Tissue repair is faster at a young age and in people with normal body weight. They prolong the healing process and can provoke the development of complications of chronic diseases, in particular, diabetes mellitus and other endocrine disorders, oncopathology, and vascular diseases. Patients with foci of chronic infection, with reduced immunity, smokers, and HIV-infected patients are at risk. Causes associated with the care of the postoperative wound and sutures, diet and drinking, the patient's physical activity in the postoperative period, the implementation of the surgeon's recommendations, and medication.

How to take care of your seams

If the patient is in the hospital, the stitches are cared for by a doctor or nurse. At home, the patient should follow the doctor's recommendations for wound care. It is necessary to keep the wound clean, treat it daily with an antiseptic: a solution of iodine, potassium permanganate, brilliant green. If a bandage is applied, you should consult your doctor before removing it. Special medications can speed up healing. One of these agents is contractubex gel containing onion extract, allantoin, heparin. It can be applied after epithelialization of the wound.

For the speedy healing of postpartum sutures, strict adherence to hygiene rules is required:

thorough hand washing before going to the toilet;
frequent change of pads;
daily change of linen and towels;
within a month, taking a bath should be replaced with a hygienic shower.

In the presence of external seams on the perineum, in addition to careful hygiene, you need to take care of the dryness of the wound, the first 2 weeks you can not sit on a hard surface, constipation should be avoided. It is recommended to lie on your side, sit on a circle or pillow. Your doctor may recommend specific exercises to improve blood flow to the tissues and heal the wound.

Healing of sutures after caesarean section

You will need to wear a postoperative bandage, hygiene, after discharge, it is recommended to take a shower and wash the skin in the suture area twice a day with soap. At the end of the second week, special ointments can be applied to restore the skin.

Healing of sutures after laparoscopy

Complications after laparoscopy are rare. To protect yourself, you should observe bed rest for a day after the intervention. At first, it is recommended to stick to a diet, give up alcohol. For body hygiene, a shower is used, the seam area is treated with an antiseptic. The first 3 weeks limit physical activity.

Possible Complications

The main complications in wound healing are pain, suppuration and suture failure (divergence). Suppuration can develop due to the penetration of bacteria, fungi or viruses into the wound. Most often, infection is caused by bacteria. Therefore, often after surgery, the surgeon prescribes a course of antibiotics for prophylactic purposes. Postoperative suppuration requires identification of the pathogen and determination of its sensitivity to antibacterial agents. In addition to prescribing antibiotics, opening and draining the wound may be necessary.

What to do if the seam is torn?

Insufficiency of sutures is more often observed in elderly and debilitated patients. The most probable terms of complications are from 5 to 12 days after the operation. In such a situation, you should immediately seek medical help. The doctor will decide on the further management of the wound: leave it open or re-sutured the wound. With evisceration - penetration through the wound of the intestinal loop, urgent surgical intervention is required. This complication may occur due to bloating, severe coughing or vomiting.

What to do if the seam hurts after surgery?

Soreness in the area of sutures within a week after surgery can be considered normal. For the first few days, the surgeon may recommend taking an anesthetic. Compliance with the recommendations of the doctor will help reduce pain: limiting physical activity, caring for the wound, and hygiene of the wound. If the pain is intense or persists for a long time, you should consult a doctor, since pain can be a symptom of complications: inflammation, infection, adhesions, hernia.

You can speed up wound healing with the help of folk remedies. To do this, phyto-collections are used inside in the form of infusions, extracts, decoctions and local applications, phyto-ointments, rubbing. Here are some of the folk remedies used:

Pain and itching in the area of the seams can be removed with the help of decoctions of herbs: chamomile, calendula, sage. Wound treatment with vegetable oils - sea buckthorn, tea tree, olive. Multiplicity of processing - twice a day. Lubrication of the scar with a cream containing calendula extract. Applying a cabbage leaf to the wound. The procedure has an anti-inflammatory and healing effect. The cabbage leaf must be clean, it must be doused with boiling water.

Before using herbal remedies, you should definitely consult a surgeon. He will help you choose an individual treatment and give the necessary recommendations.

After the operation, the diet should be as gentle as possible for the digestive organs, and, at the same time, provide the weakened body with all the necessary nutrients. The patient after surgery needs complete rest - the body needs strength for further recovery and normal functioning.

What should be the diet after surgery?

The diet after surgery depends, first of all, on which organs the surgical intervention was performed on. Based on this, the entire further diet and diet of the patient is built.

However, there are general rules for postoperative nutrition, taking into account the functioning of the organism of operated patients (weakness of the gastrointestinal tract, increased need for proteins, vitamins and trace elements). These recommendations are basic and are used for all diets after surgery:

Sparing food. Due to the fact that after operations, the load on the digestive organs is undesirable (and, in many cases, impossible), the dishes should be liquid, semi-liquid, jelly-like or creamy grated consistency, especially on the second or third day after surgery. The use of solid food is contraindicated;
The first day after the operation, only drinking is recommended: mineral water without gas, ordinary boiled water;
As the patient recovers, the diet after the operation is expanded - thicker food is introduced and some foods are added.

Diet after surgery for the first 3 days

What should be the diet in the first few days after the operation? Let us dwell on this issue in more detail, since nutrition in the first postoperative period is the most difficult.

After the operation, the patient's diet for the first 2-3 days consists only of liquid or frayed dishes. The temperature of food is optimal - not higher than 45 ° C. The patient is given food 7-8 times a day.

There are clear medical prescriptions for the use of dishes: what is possible and what is not possible with a diet after surgery is indicated in them quite accurately.

What can be done with a diet after surgery (the first few days):

Diluted low-fat meat broths;
Mucous decoctions with the addition of cream;
Rice broth with butter;
Rosehip decoction with honey or sugar;
Strained fruit compotes;
Diluted juices 1:3 for a third of a glass for one meal;
Liquid kissels;
On the third day, one soft-boiled egg can be introduced into the diet after the operation.

What not to eat after surgery:

The diet after surgery excludes carbonated drinks, whole milk, sour cream, grape juice, vegetable juices, rough and solid foods.

An example of a diet menu after surgery for the first 3 days

Warm tea with sugar - 100 ml, sparse berry jelly - 100 g;

Every two hours:

Strained apple compote - 150-200 ml;
Low-fat meat broth - 200g;
Rosehip broth - 150 ml, jelly - 120 g;
Warm tea with sugar and lemon - 150-200 ml;
Slimy cereal decoction with cream - 150-180 ml, fruit jelly - 150 g;
Rosehip decoction - 180-200 ml;
Strained compote - 180 ml.

After the initial light diet after surgery, a transitional restorative diet is prescribed, aimed at a gradual transition to a full diet.

What is possible and what is not in the diet after surgery on days 4.5 and 6

After the first three postoperative days, liquid or pureed cereals from buckwheat, rice or oatmeal are introduced into the diet. It is allowed to use cereal mucous soups and meat broths with the addition of semolina, steam omelettes. You can expand the diet with meat or fish steam soufflé, sweet mousses and milk cream.

It is forbidden to eat too dense and dry food, as well as fresh fruits and vegetables (due to the high content of fiber, which stimulates the contraction of the stomach).

In the following days and until the end of the recovery period, steam dishes from cottage cheese, baked apples, vegetable and fruit purees, sour-milk liquid products (kefir, fermented baked milk) are added to the diet menu after the operation.

diet after appendicitis

The recovery period after appendicitis surgery is about two weeks. All this time, you should adhere to a special diet, which in the first days will help the body recover and gain strength, and in the subsequent days it will allow you to fully eat without burdening the weakened gastrointestinal tract.

In the first 12 hours after the operation, eating is prohibited, but there is usually no appetite at this time. Further, for 3-4 days, the diet after appendicitis recommends eating the following dishes:

Low-fat broths;
Rosehip decoction with sugar;
Black tea with sugar;
rice water;
Jelly, diluted 1:2 fruit juices, jelly.

The diet after appendicitis prescribes to give up whole milk and any solid food for the first 3 days.

On the 4th day of the diet after the operation to remove the appendix, fresh soft fruits (bananas, peaches, grapes, persimmons) and vegetables (tomato, cucumber) are introduced into the diet. To replenish a weakened body with protein, steam dishes from cottage cheese (soufflé, casseroles), boiled meat and fish are prepared. It is useful to introduce fermented milk products (kefir, fermented baked milk, yogurt), boiled or stewed vegetables (zucchini, cabbage, eggplant), butter, low-fat cream into the diet after appendicitis.

Foods that are contraindicated in the diet after appendicitis:

Carbonated mineral and sweet water;
Rich meat broths;
Dough products, white bread;
Canned food and smoked meats;
Hot spices and seasonings;
Cakes, cookies, sweets.

The diet after the operation is based on the principle of fractional nutrition - you need to eat often, in small portions. You can not drink food with water or tea, you need to wait an hour and a half so that the food begins to be absorbed and does not stick together in a lump from the incoming liquid.

Important dietary tips after surgery

During surgery on the esophagus or other organs of the gastrointestinal tract, it is forbidden to eat food through the mouth in the first 2-3 days - feeding is done through a probe. Further, the diet after the operation follows the usual scenario.

A frequent problem after surgery is difficulty in the natural emptying of the intestines. Constipation can be caused by postoperative adhesions or scars, weak activity of the stomach after an abundance of mashed dishes, general weakness of the body.

In this case, you should enter in the diet menu after the operation products that enhance intestinal motility (if there is no doctor's ban): kefir, softened prunes, grated raw carrots and an apple.

First day after surgery

Formally, the patient remains lying down until the next day (for more details, both on the first day and beyond). However, this did not stop me from walking to the dining room (although on the first day after the operation, food will be brought directly to the ward, and they will also come in for dishes in the same way). However, I did not manage to walk for a long time - already after about 130 - 140 steps (I thought!) There was a feeling of weakness. I had to return to the room.

The most difficult stage after the operation is the first night. Firstly, at this time it will not be possible to sleep except on your back (and since I had implantation at 2 o'clock in the afternoon, and I lay down on the couch waiting for my turn at 12, then by the time of lights-out - by 10 hours of the evening - I already managed to thoroughly lie down for myself everything that I could).

Secondly, while tossing and turning on the couch, I could think about a lot of things - and most importantly, how my life would change from now on, and how many habits I would have to give up. I was advised to use painkillers: it would be easier to fall asleep with it (there is some kind of sedative plus painkiller). But my wound did not hurt (fortunately, it did not hurt at all, doctors say that this is due to muscle training). Therefore, once again I did not inject "chemistry" into myself. I slept the next day, after lunch ...

Preparing for this stage is quite simple:

it’s worth dealing with the device of the bed - it’s good if its back rises, if it doesn’t work out on your own - ask other patients or medical staff: it will be easier to sleep with a raised back;
do not think about the bad - a pacemaker, all other things being equal, is more reliable than many of our own organs, as for an active lifestyle - if you have been leading it up to now and it is important for you - it is more than accessible with a pacemaker;
and yes, do not worry about the things with which you arrived at the hospital - they will be delivered to the ward a few hours after the operation, they will be waiting for you already in the ward or will arrive after you.

Second day

On the second day, already in the morning, I could move freely. I felt a slight weakness, but with short transitions - from the ward to the post and from the post to the winter garden (60 and 30 steps), where I could sit down, I began to “disperse”. By lunchtime, I had almost fully recovered, only lack of sleep was felt. They say that it happens, but at that time I did not have such symptoms.

On the second day, relatives can still be allowed into the ward, although they are usually allowed only to bedridden patients. Walk to the dining room on your own. In general, I did not experience much discomfort, apart from the presence of a bandage on my left chest. The left arm was immobilized throughout the day. Here I was glad that I took with me not only a T-shirt, but also a jacket from a tracksuit with a zipper.

During almost the entire postoperative period, it is not recommended to raise the arm, where the pacemaker is implanted, above the horizontal, and for the first time for 2-3 days it should be completely immobilized. It will be very difficult to pull a T-shirt over your head - I only started doing this regularly for 4-5 days.

On the second day, they also offered me an injection of painkillers - and I refused it in the same way. On the same day, I was already allowed to sleep on my left shoulder, but I still preferred to sleep on my back, since I figured out how to raise the back of the bed - it became easier.

Preparation for this stage involves:

the need to take suitable clothes with you - something that can be pulled over the body without raising the “sore” hand;
for the first walks, flip flops and socks are suitable - if you are in the hospital in the cold season, then it is better to wear flip flops with socks - this is not entirely in fashion, but it is better than catching a cold;
the hospital is rather boring - take a book with you (you can ebook - there is no dangerous radiation from it).

Third day

This day is the last when painkillers are supposed to be injected, the first time is when the bandage is changed (hereinafter this will be done every day, except for weekends). In principle, if everything goes well, then the patient is no longer limited in movement, he can go downstairs and meet visitors.

I felt more or less well that day, but it was still difficult to stand for a long time (I wanted to sit down or lie down), walk. I think it was, but the operation to install it. And so far I have not ventured up and down the stairs (although more experienced patients already begin their walks on the stairs on this day).

In general, the day passed quietly: I walked around the floor - from the panoramic window with a view of the Volga and the terraces descending to it to the winter garden with panoramic windows on the entire Volga, read a book ("Dune"), delved into a mobile phone (already on this day, I began to answer correspondence at work and read industry news).

It was my first night that I tried to sleep on my right side, not only on my back. He even lay down briefly on his left side, but quickly turned over. I left such experiments for the future - for the second week after the operation.

On the same day, I began to bathe. We had a shower in the ward, with a removable gander - so it was easy to wash our legs, back, stomach, right arm without soaking the bandage. The left arm, armpit and chest, as well as part of the abdomen, had to be wiped with wet sanitary napkins. Unfortunately, I washed my hair for the first time only after I was discharged, at home.

Better stock up:

stock up on a small amount of money - hospital food will quickly get bored, besides, it is preferable to drink bottled water than from the tap (and the need to go down for a bottle of water is another reason to walk);
take the phone - for sure, you will want to talk to someone, but keep it when talking from the opposite side from the implantation site, but it is better to use a headset;
hygiene items - wet wipes to clean the body, soap.

Fourth and fifth days

To be honest, I don’t remember what day the pacemaker checks and various tests (blood from a finger, vein, urine) begin - it seems to be already on the second day after the operation, but, in general, this is a routine that takes an hour and a half - two day (taking into account all queues and waiting for dressing).

And I began to ask the attending physician about the limitations of life with an EX: everything was clear regarding the ban on weightlifting and contact-traumatic sports, etc. obvious things. However, questions remained regarding travel by public transport (tram, trolley bus), use of a headset with a mobile phone and an audio player, and other gray areas.

These days I started walking up and down stairs. First, one span, then two, and so on. By the time I was discharged, I had already climbed from the 0th floor to the 5th and went down several times (only 169 steps in one direction). At first it was scary, although there were no physical difficulties - it was scary to climb, at first I walked strictly next to the railing.

The same goes for putting on a T-shirt over your head - a start was made, but once again I was not transmitted. By the way, you need to dress from the “sick” hand - first we put it in the sleeve, then the healthy one.

At this stage you will need:

clean change of underwear - from underwear to T-shirts, pants, shorts;
towels (large and small) - for various procedures (a large towel spreads to lie on it, a small one to dry off): however, you can use hospital towels.

Sixth and subsequent days

On this day, I installed the wonderful program "Pedometer" (it is available for Android) and walked with it more than 10,000 steps (about 6.7 km) - although I did not install it in the morning, so the real distance was longer. Again, I did not experience any discomfort at that time. On the same day, I started climbing stairs for the first time with a small load - a 1.5-liter bottle of water.

Prior to this, “loaded” I went up exclusively in the elevator. The bottle was carried, of course, in the right - opposite to the "sick" hand. It was quite risky (as it seemed to me at that time), because. with a conditionally sick hand, I would not have dared to lean on the railing.

In the future, the load only grew - just before I was discharged, I already walked almost 20 thousand steps (about 13.5 km), of which at least 800 were climbing stairs. On the sixth day, I painlessly put on a T-shirt over my head, bathed freely in the shower (however, without allowing moisture to get on the bandage).

Before discharge

On the eighth or ninth day, the bandage is removed, followed by the stitches. The scar cannot be wetted for another 3-4 days (until the last black “dots” fall off - it happened to me only after a week, but I started swimming earlier, trying not to wet the scar).

You may need to take additional or repeated tests, be sure to do an ultrasound, ECG (to assess the work of the heart with a pacemaker). But here you don’t have to think - the medical staff will tell you everything.

There may be problems with the healing of the suture, discharge may appear - then antibiotics are pierced or other therapy is prescribed. But, as a rule, on the 10th day - an extract. And the end of the postoperative period after the operation to install a pacemaker ...

Instead of output

The food in hospitals is now relatively normal - the portions are not large, but, given the extremely sedentary lifestyle, their calorie content is quite sufficient.

You need to take some money with you, a mobile phone, literature (sometimes there is a library in the hospital - with a quite good choice: apparently other patients leave), change of linen, towels and hygiene products (including a toothbrush - but I don’t think comments needed).

It is better to start walking in the hospital - it will be easier to track down possible discomfort and immediately stop it. Although, of course, an active lifestyle - only in agreement with the doctor.

Upon discharge, they will issue a pacemaker passport that you have been implanted and will be told. There will be more information on the Internet about the modes of its operation than the observing doctor will tell you - she (he) simply does not have time, there are other patients.

Based on the functional characteristics of various systems and organs, as well as taking into account the specific physiological consequences of their surgical treatment, an appropriate surgical diet after abdominal surgery has been developed. Its goal is to reduce the load on the entire body and on the operated organ, but at the same time provide the body with energy.

What diet after surgery is prescribed immediately after it? Regarding the acceptable set of products and methods of their culinary processing, the most strict is the zero diet after surgery. In clinical practice, this diet is observed during the first three days after surgery. This diet consists of sweetened tea (with or without lemon), rosehip broth, various jelly and diluted fresh juices, fruit and berry jelly, fat-free meat broth, and slimy rice water. Portions are small, but meals are taken up to seven times a day.

Such nutrition helps to avoid unwanted stress on the gastrointestinal tract and the entire digestive system of the operated patient. Moreover, a diet after surgery on the esophagus, a diet after surgery for stomach cancer, a diet after surgery for peritonitis, and a diet after heart surgery can be prescribed by doctors only after a few days, since at first such patients in the intensive care unit can be fed through a tube or by parenteral the introduction of special drugs.

The zero diet after surgery has three options - A, B and C. The zero (surgical) diet 0A is described above, its daily calorie content is minimal - no more than 780 kcal. The 0B diet differs from it in the addition of rice, buckwheat and oatmeal (liquid and pureed), mucous cereal soups, vegetable decoction seasoned with semolina or low-fat chicken broth. In addition, depending on the condition of the patient, steamed omelet (only from egg whites) and steamed meat soufflé are allowed. This diet also provides low-fat cream, berry mousses and jellies (non-acidic). A single food volume is limited to 360-380 g, the number of meals is 6 times a day, and the daily calorie content should not exceed 1600 kcal.

The diet after abdominal surgery 0B (2200 kcal), in addition to mashed soups, includes dishes from mashed boiled meat, chicken and lean fish; vegetable puree; liquid milk porridge, grated cottage cheese with cream, kefir; baked apples and white crackers (no more than 90-100 g per day). In general, such a postoperative diet - as the condition of patients improves - is like a transition to a more complete diet, which in most cases is also limited to the indications of various therapeutic diets.

Diet 1 after surgery

It must be borne in mind that diet 1 after surgery (No. 1A surgical and No. 2 surgical) largely repeats the prescriptions of the 0B diet, but with a higher daily calorie content (2800-3000 kcal). Diet - 5-6 times a day. There are two options here - wiped and not wiped.

What can not be eaten after surgery if this diet is prescribed? You can not use meat and fish broths, fatty meat, poultry and fish, mushroom and strong vegetable broths, any fresh bread and pastries and, of course, all pickles, smoked meats, canned food, spicy sauces and seasonings. You also need to exclude millet, barley, barley and corn porridge, legume dishes, sour dairy products, spicy cheese and eggs - fried and hard boiled. White cabbage, radish and radish, cucumbers and onions, as well as spinach and sorrel are excluded from vegetables. Diet 1 rich in fiber, as well as sour fruits, also excludes after surgery. And also - chocolate, ice cream, black coffee and carbonated drinks.

What can you eat after surgery with this diet? Warm boiled (or steamed) food - in a highly chopped form. You can cook soups from mashed vegetables and boiled cereals and mashed soups from pre-cooked meat.

Following diet 1 after surgery allows the use of sweet fruits and berries in the form of puree, mousse and jelly, and from drinks - tea, jelly and compote.

It is this diet that is the diet after lung surgery, the diet after gastric ulcer surgery and the diet after stomach cancer surgery. Moreover, in the latter case, three weeks after the operation, doctors recommend that patients include meat and fish broth in the diet - so that the digestive system begins to work more actively.

Diet after gallbladder surgery

Diet after gallbladder surgery (its partial or complete resection) - after the abolition of diet 1 - imposes a complete ban on fatty and fried foods; for smoked meats, pickles and marinades; excludes the use of canned food, mushrooms, onions and garlic, as well as confectionery with cream, ice cream and carbonated drinks. Sweets are strictly limited, especially chocolate.

What can you eat after gallbladder surgery? Gastroenterologists recommend eating only low-fat varieties of meat and fish, first courses based on weak meat and vegetable broths, dried bread, and various low-fat dairy products. Between butter and vegetable oil, you should make a choice in favor of the latter.

It is harmful to eat very hot or cold: the optimal temperature of food corresponds to normal body temperature. Portions should be small, and there should be at least five meals throughout the day.

Diet 5 after surgery

Diet 5 after surgery is the main therapeutic diet after liver surgery, after gallbladder surgery (including its removal), as well as the most commonly prescribed diet after pancreatic surgery.

As expected, meals should be fractional, that is, five or six times a day. The patient needs about 80 g of proteins and fats per day, and carbohydrates in the range of 350-400 g. The daily calorie content does not exceed 2500 kcal. During the day, you need to drink at least 1.5 liters of water. This sparing diet after surgery allows you to consume 45 g of butter and 65 g of vegetable oil per day, no more than 35 g of sugar and up to 180-200 g of dried bread.

Diet 5 after surgery does not allow in the diet in foods such as fatty meats and fish, lard, offal; any broths; sausage and canned food; fatty dairy products; fried and hard boiled eggs. It is also unacceptable to eat garlic, green onions, radishes, spinach and sorrel, mushrooms and legumes, fresh bread and muffins, confectionery, ice cream, chocolate, black coffee and cocoa. And of the cooking methods, boiling and steaming are used, although baking and stewing are also allowed.

Diet after colon surgery

Given the localization of surgical intervention, the diet after intestinal surgery completely excludes the use of coarse vegetable fiber, as well as any foods that are difficult to digest, cause increased contractions of the walls of the digestive tract, that is, intestinal motility, and also provoke flatulence.

Easily digestible liquid homogenized food in small quantities 5-6 times a day are the main rules on which the diet after the operation of intestinal adhesions, the diet after the operation of the sigmoid colon, as well as the diet after the operation of intestinal obstruction and the diet after the operation of the rectum are based. As the condition improves with these pathologies, the doctor gives permission to include lean meat, poultry, sea fish, eggs and low-fat fermented milk products in the menu.

Since the most suitable for the intestines is a sparing diet after surgery, the food must be thoroughly crushed. Over time, diet 4 is prescribed, in which vegetables and fruits (in any form) are completely absent from the menu; milk soups and dairy products (except cottage cheese); bread and flour products (except wheat bread crumbs); meat soups (with any dressing, except for steamed meatballs or boiled minced meat); fatty meat, sausage and sausages; fatty or salted fish; fats (you can put only a little butter in ready-made dishes).

The diet after intestinal surgery does not allow the use of legumes and any pasta, all sweets (including honey), as well as cocoa, coffee and carbonated drinks.

What can you eat after bowel surgery? Pureed cereals (buckwheat, rice, oatmeal); vegetable broths (without the vegetables themselves); soft-boiled eggs and in the form of a steam omelette; kissels and jelly (from apples, pears, quince); black and green tea, cocoa, weak black coffee. It is recommended to drink diluted fresh fruit and berry juices (except grape, plum and apricot).

Diet after appendicitis surgery

The diet after the operation of appendicitis pursues the most rapid assimilation of food and consists in the use of exclusively liquid food in the first days after the operation. What can not be eaten after surgery to remove an inflamed appendix? It is strictly forbidden to use any raw vegetables and fruits, legumes, milk, fatty and fried, spicy and salty, as well as strong tea and coffee. Fractional nutrition also contributes to the rapid absorption of food: 7-8 times a day in small portions.

Within 8-10 days, the diet after appendicitis surgery consists of: low-fat broth, vegetable and rice broth, grated vegetable soups and liquid puree (zucchini, pumpkin, non-acidic apples). The diet menu after appendectomy surgery also includes porridges cooked on water (rice, buckwheat, oatmeal), boiled or steam chicken, veal and low-fat sea fish, fruit and berry jelly, compotes, rosehip broth. Further, boiled and stewed vegetables, vermicelli, eggs (soft-boiled or protein steam omelet), yesterday's white bread, cottage cheese, sour-milk drinks are introduced into the diet.

After removing the stitches and discharge from the hospital, a sparing diet after surgery is recommended - therapeutic diet 2, in which the following are excluded from the diet: fatty meat, lard, salted and smoked, canned food, fresh bread, buns, legumes and millet, mushrooms, hard-boiled eggs . It is contraindicated to eat onions and garlic, radishes and radishes, sweet peppers and cucumbers, fresh fruits and berries with rough skins or grains. A total ban is imposed on cakes, ice cream, cocoa, black coffee and grape juice.

Diet after stomach surgery

At the first stage, the diet after stomach surgery and the diet after gastric ulcer surgery are diet 0A, 0B and 0B (read more above). The peculiarity of this clinical case is that salt can be completely excluded from the diet, and the number of meals increased up to 8-10 times a day - with the same minimum single amounts. But daily fluid intake should be at least two liters.

The diet after gastric ulcer surgery (an average of three days after surgery) is the 1A surgical diet (wiped). The acceptable foods include the same as for an exacerbation of peptic ulcer, that is, low-fat chicken broth, milk and fruit jelly and jelly, low-fat cream, slimy soups (with the addition of butter), eggs (only soft-boiled), sweetened decoction or infusion rose hips, carrot juice and diluted non-acidic fruit juices. Patients adhere to this diet for about half a month. Then the range of products and diet menus after the operation are gradually expanded, but the key principle of nutrition is preserved in order to protect the gastric mucosa from any irritants for as long as possible and thereby promote recovery.

Diet after hernia surgery

The diet prescribed by doctors after hernia surgery - the diet after inguinal hernia surgery or the diet after umbilical hernia surgery - in the first days is absolutely similar to the nutrition that patients receive after operations on the intestines and stomach.

Approximately on the fifth or sixth day after the operation, the diet expands due to various first courses, primarily vegetarian soups, as well as second courses - cereals and meat. However, the principles of a sparing diet after the operation remain for some time (it is determined only by the attending physician).

In order to prevent constipation, which leads to overstrain of the smooth muscles of the peritoneum and small pelvis, patients who have undergone hernia closure are advised by doctors to continue to refuse fatty foods, eat more plant foods, do not overeat and control their weight.

Diet after hemorrhoid surgery

The diet after hemorrhoid surgery and the diet after anal fissure surgery, as well as the diet after prostate adenoma surgery, are based on the same principles. And the key point that unites clinical nutrition in the surgical treatment of these pathologies is the prevention of constipation, the prevention of flatulence and the relief of defecation.

Therefore, on the first day, such patients are shown only drinking, and then a diet is prescribed that completely excludes: milk, rye bread, cabbage, radishes and radishes, onions and garlic, spicy herbs, legumes, raw fruits and berries rich in fiber (apples, pears, grapes, gooseberries, etc.), as well as all kinds of nuts. Such a diet is referred to in some sources as a non-slag diet after surgery. We would like to note that in the official dietetics such medical nutrition does not appear ...

It is clear that the use of particularly harmful foods (fatty, spicy, salty and sweet) and all canned food is unacceptable. And what you can eat after the operation of this localization includes crumbly buckwheat and millet cereals, wheat white bread (from semolina flour), all sour-milk, lean beef and chicken. Fried food is taboo: everything needs to be boiled, stewed or cooked in a double boiler. Drinking should be plentiful to avoid problems with the bladder.

Diet after hysterectomy

The diet recommended for women after hysterectomy, as well as the diet after ovarian surgery, is not much different from the rules that have already been given above. However, a couple of days after these operations, the diet is completely different: no liquid cereals, slimy soups and jelly.

Firstly, the volume of liquid drunk during the day should be at least three liters. Secondly, food should help to loosen the intestines. To do this, in the diet menu after surgery on the uterus and its appendages, doctors introduce fermented milk products (low-fat kefir is especially useful), various cereal dishes (for example, crumbly cereals), weak broths and boiled meat, light vegetable salads (except cabbage) with sunflower or olive oil, fruits and berries (with the exception of grapes, figs and pomegranates). Meal regime - in small portions, from five to seven times a day.

For a long time remain banned: salty, spicy and fatty foods; almost all groceries; all fried; bean dishes; white bread, muffins and confectionery; strong tea, coffee, cocoa (and chocolate), as well as alcoholic beverages.

Diet after heart surgery

Diet after heart surgery involves a zero diet (0A) for the first three days. Then the operated patients are transferred to diet 1 after surgery (1 surgical), and approximately on the 5th-6th day (as the condition) diet 10 or 11 is prescribed. Similar rules apply when a diet is prescribed after bypass surgery.

We think we should briefly characterize the mentioned diets. So, therapeutic diet 10 is prescribed for diseases of the cardiovascular system and is aimed at normalizing the functions of blood circulation and general metabolism. Its key features are a significant reduction in the consumption of salt, liquids (up to 1200 ml per day), fats (up to 65-70 g) and carbohydrates (up to 350-370 g), as well as the enrichment of nutrition with potassium and magnesium. The daily calorie content is the energy value of 2500 kcal.

The protein diet after surgery (diet 11) is used to increase the body's defenses and restore normal conditions, in particular in case of anemia, general malnutrition and chronic infections. In many cases, it is also prescribed to improve the quality of nutrition of patients with other pathologies, since this is a protein diet after surgery (up to 140 g of protein per day). This physiologically complete diet is fortified and high-calorie (3700-3900 kcal), which provides up to 110 g of fat and up to 500 g of carbohydrates. With this diet after heart surgery, patients eat five times a day. There are no restrictions on the culinary processing of food and its consistency, but in any case, fried and fatty foods are contraindicated even in the absence of any internal diseases.

The diet after bypass surgery is aimed at reducing blood cholesterol levels, and its recommendations must be followed constantly to prevent the deposition of cholesterol in the blood vessels.

The diet after bypass surgery limits the intake of fats and completely excludes all fried and fatty, as well as ghee and sunflower oil (only cold-pressed olive oil is allowed). The diet menu after coronary artery bypass surgery should include: boiled meat (lean beef and veal), beef liver, poultry meat, low-fat dairy products, white sea fish, legumes, vegetables, fruits, berries, nuts.

Diet after kidney surgery

According to experts, a diet after kidney surgery - in the case of ultrasonic crushing of the stones in it - is not prescribed, but it is recommended to eat light, steamed food, not to eat fatty and spicy food, to refuse canned food and carbonated water.

If the stones are removed by abdominal surgery, the patient needs a diet of zero after surgery, then a diet of 1 after surgery (return to the beginning of the publication and read the characteristics of these diets).

In the standard course of the postoperative period, on about the fifth or sixth day, doctors establish a diet for their patients in accordance with the therapeutic dietary table 11 (it is also described above).

But the diet after the operation of removing the kidney (after eating on the zero and first surgical diets) involves a balanced full-fledged diet with some well-founded restrictions. So, it is necessary to add less salt to food, reduce the number of meat dishes in the diet, eat black bread instead of white bread, drink kefir instead of milk. And there is no doubt that steam cutlets are healthier than fried ones, and stewed rabbit meat for a single kidney is better than pork kebab.

Various cereals, dairy products, vegetables, fruits - all this is possible. And all canned food, semi-finished products and food products with preservatives, flavorings and food colorings can only do harm. By the way, different reasons lead to the removal of the kidney, so the diet after the operation of removing the kidney is prescribed for each patient individually.

Diet after bladder surgery

All diets in the surgical treatment of pathologies of the pelvic organs, including the diet after bladder surgery, prescribe food that is easily digested. Therefore, it is natural to prescribe a diet after abdominal surgery, that is, food with a liquid and semi-liquid consistency, with the restriction or complete exclusion of fats, salt, coarse fiber, etc.

The main recommendations of urologists regarding the diet after bladder surgery are reduced to more frequent and abundant water intake, as well as the need to avoid foods that contain oxalic acid compounds (oxalates).

Diet recipes after surgery

Do I need to give detailed diet recipes after the operation, in the sense of the same zero diet? It is unlikely, because while patients are eating slimy rice water or low-fat chicken broth, they are in the hospital ...

And outside the hospital, you will have to learn how to cook, for example, milk jelly. To prepare it for a glass of milk, you need a teaspoon of ordinary potato starch and so much granulated sugar.

Milk should be brought to a boil and pour starch diluted in a small amount of water (50-60 ml) into it. Starch is introduced with continuous stirring - so that the jelly is homogeneous. Add sugar and remove from heat. The principle of preparing all jelly is similar to this diet recipe after surgery.

And here is a tip for cooking mashed cereals - rice, buckwheat or oatmeal. In order not to bother with grinding the finished porridge, you need to grind the corresponding cereals and oatmeal almost to the state of flour. And pour the already crushed product into boiling water (or into boiling milk), while stirring. This porridge cooks much faster.

Diet after surgery is the most important component of rehabilitation after any surgical intervention. And now you know the basic rules of clinical nutrition.