Vaccination at 5 months akds. The opinion of Dr. Komarovsky on the vaccination of akds. The danger of the DTP vaccine

The issue of vaccinations has always been acute - a lot of materials are devoted to this topic both in the pro-vaccination and anti-vaccination zones. We will not step into a debate about the benefits or harms of vaccinations - just talk about one of the most serious vaccinations- DTP. Parents make the most complaints about this vaccination, most of the questions and “horror stories” are associated with it. As a doctor and a young mother, I consider it my duty to convey to parents objective information about this vaccination and answer the main questions that are associated with it. The choice is up to the parents...

What's this?

The DTP vaccine is called adsorbed vaccine against whooping cough, diphtheria and tetanus. In Russia, children begin to vaccinate with this vaccine at the age of three months, then they give a second injection at 4.5 months and a third at six months, revaccination is done at a year and a half, a floor from the moment of the third vaccination. In parallel with it, poliomyelitis and hemophilic infection are done (since January 1, it has been included in the list of mandatory calendars).

Why vaccinate so early, why not postpone these vaccinations to a later date?

In fact, if it were not important and not scientifically substantiated, the timing would, of course, be different. However, if there are no contraindications, it is necessary to vaccinate the baby at this time.Before the introduction of vaccination, most of these diseases ended in death, especially in these babies. Especially dangerous for a child early age, get sick with whooping cough, this leads to suffocation, because of which the brain can be affected, and disability is formed. Although diphtheria with tetanus is no less terrible, with diphtheria, the baby simply suffocates due to a blockage. respiratory tract films, and with tetanus, he experiences excruciating pain and dies from paralysis of the respiratory muscles. You can save the baby only if you introduce serum, but very serious consequences can remain.

At the age of one, the baby gradually expands the boundaries of his spaces - he begins to explore the world, injuries, wounds or scratches occur, and contacts with children expand. Immunity in children is not formed immediately, therefore, in order to reliably protect it from these infections by the age of one, it is necessary to carry out three vaccinations at such an interval. A year later, to maintain and form a full-fledged immunity, a final injection is given - now the baby is reliably protected from diseases for the coming years - approximately before school.

Then the pertussis component of the vaccine is no longer vaccinated, and tetanus and diphtheria are carried out in full at 7 and 14 years. And then adults every ten years should be vaccinated in adult polyclinic. How long have you been vaccinated yourself? Do you think it's dangerous? Do you go to the country or nature? Then any wound with contamination is dangerous for you with tetanus, and diphtheria usually begins as a common cold or sore throat, and carriage of diphtheria bacillus is widespread. Mortality from these infections is still very high.

DTP vaccination is carried out in most countries of Europe and Asia, the preparations for vaccination may be different, but the principles are the same - all countries vaccinate children from an early age no later than 2-4 months at intervals of 1-3 months. In Russia, there are now several vaccines - domestic and imported, which are vaccinated. In the clinic, they make for free those that the state has purchased (usually domestic, although they may be imported), in pay centers you are free to choose from several vaccines that will suit you in terms of price and composition, will be recommended to you by an immunologist or pediatrician.

What to do if the vaccination period is missed?

Sometimes, due to a medical exemption or for other reasons, the timing of vaccination is violated. In order to vaccinate correctly and as efficiently as possible, with minimal risk to health, you need to know certain rules. All DTP vaccines are administered three times with a minimum allowable interval between administrations of 45 days, and revaccination must be carried out 12 months after the last vaccination. If by the time last shot the child is not yet 4 years old - he is given a full DPT, after four years, vaccination is done only with ADS or ADS-m vaccine without a pertussis component. But, there is a slight deviation - if a child was vaccinated with the Infanrix vaccine, the whooping cough restriction does not apply to it - it is revaccinated even after three years with Infanrix.

If the deadlines between the introduction of the vaccine are violated, the vaccinations do not disappear, all the injections performed are credited to the child, and then all the remaining ones are completed according to the proper schedule - between the first three injections for a month and a half, revaccination no earlier than a year later. The DTP vaccine is compatible with all other drugs except BCG, so DTP is often combined with Haemophilus influenzae and polio.

What is in the vaccine?

Usually, vaccines are presented in an ampoule with a cloudy liquid, before driving it, it is thoroughly shaken until a homogeneous medium is obtained. Mom can control the action nurse- ask to show you the expiration date on the package, the ampoule itself for integrity and the absence of foreign inclusions. If there are flakes, sediment or inclusions in the ampoule - most likely it was stored incorrectly and this is evidence of its unsuitability, refuse to use such a vaccine.

The vaccine includes killed cells of the pertussis pathogen (in imported vaccines, the pertussis component is cell-free) and 40-60 IU tetanus toxoid and 30 IU of diphtheria toxoid. Such dosages of these toxins are determined by the need to create the desired level of antibodies in the child's immune system, and it is not yet fully formed and is working hard.

The cellular pertussis component is contained in our DTP and Tetracoccus vaccine - they usually give more reactions due to the pertussis component. But today for immunization is increasingly used imported vaccines Infanrix and Pentaxim - in them, the pertussis component is devoid of a cell wall. This means that it is less reactogenic (does not give strong reactions), but creates the same good immunity.

The presence of an adsorbent in the vaccine creates the greatest criticism - it is aluminum hydroxide. It is necessary in the vaccine, as it creates an immunogenic depot of the vaccine - this is the bump at the injection site, from which the vaccine is gradually released in portions and forms immunity. Our mothers love to treat this bump so much with compresses, but you don’t need to do this - you are doing a “bear” service to the immune system. And with the right scenario, at the injection site and aluminum hydroxide with the vaccine, an inflammation zone is formed - a much larger volume of immune cells is attracted to it and a more active formation of immunity occurs. But, if there are no bumps at the injection site, this does not mean that there will be no immunity. The degree of development of inflammation varies for everyone, and children's organisms are different.

Another serious concern for parents is the preservative-stabilizer of the vaccine, mercury salt (thiomersal). The word mercury is simply the horror of parents. However, these compounds are not toxic and not dangerous, especially in those concentrations that in the vaccine, much large dose You get mercury as you walk past a highway—on a daily basis.

Where are they vaccinated?

Any of the types of DTP vaccines are injected only intramuscularly. If it was previously practiced to introduce it into the buttock (an injection in the ass), then today this technique must be abandoned and you have the right to demand an injection according to the rules - in the thigh. The structural features of the buttocks in children are such that the thigh muscles lie deep and are covered with a thick layer of fat to cushion falls on the fifth point.With injections in the ass (and the needles on modern syringes are thin and not long), the vaccine can get into the fat, and there will be no sense from it, only an abscess will form and the risk of suppuration will be high. There is no fat in the thigh, and the vaccine hits exactly the target, gradually dissolves and forms immunity.

In babies, the vaccine is given only in the front surface of the thigh, closer to the outer part. In older children, you can do it in the upper third of the shoulder, this is the area of \u200b\u200bthe deltoid muscle. And ADS or ADS-m vaccines are injected into the subscapular region with a special needle.

What are the usual reactions to DPT vaccination?

With the introduction of any substance in the body, a response can form, even if it is an injection sterile water. The body's response to immunogenic substances, such as vaccines and toxoids, is especially actively formed. Yes, the DTP vaccine is one of the most serious vaccines in our modern calendar and it has the most claims and complaints. However, it is necessary to be able to distinguish between normal post-vaccination reactions and pathology, and not to mix everything up and escalate horror. How it is done by ardent "anti-vaxxers".

Let's start with the fact that the essence of vaccination is to simulate a microinfection, which will not be able to do much harm to the body. But it will cause a response from the immune system. Whooping cough itself is a very serious infection. microbes are difficult to treat even with antibiotics. Therefore, its vaccination is difficult, but this is not at all a reason to refuse it, but it is necessary to vaccinate against the background full health. We have already talked about the preparation for vaccination in detail earlier.

What to expect?

A child may or may not give a reaction to both domestic (cellular) and imported (cell-free) drugs, but according to statistics, Tetracoc and DTP of domestic production give more reactions.All reactions to vaccination can be divided into local and general. However, pay attention - the reaction to the administration of DTP can develop only in the border of the first two to three days after its administration. There can be no reaction to them either in a week or in a month - these are myths.

Let's start with a discussion of local reactions, they are more common and appear at the injection site. Usually, parents of babies or older children themselves note soreness at the injection site. This is due to a puncture and violation of the integrity of the tissues, as well as compression of the tissues and nerves by the administered volume of the vaccine. Swelling and redness may develop at the injection site - in children, tissue reactions are very pronounced, they are more hydrophilic, that is, saturated with water, and more loosely arranged. Swelling and redness indicate active inflammation, which gives rise to an active immune response, lymphocytes are attracted there and familiarity with the components of the vaccine and the formation of antibodies are formed. Thus, cells remember the components of the infection and, multiplying, transmit information from generation to generation.

The development of swelling and redness up to eight centimeters in diameter is quite acceptable, and swelling and redness most often occur when injected into the ass, and the resorption of such infiltrates occurs slowly. what parents should not do and should not be recommended to doctors is to do lotions and ointments at the injection site, Vishnevsky's ointment, dimexide and various antibiotics. with such, so to speak, "compresses", a normal reaction can be translated into abscess formation. And at the site of normal injection, an abscess is formed. What needs to be done is to provide peace to the leg - do not touch, do not press, do not smear or massage this place, if the baby is naughty - give children's nurofen in half the dose and drink valerian yourself.

General reactions to DTP.

General refers to the reactions that the whole organism gives as a whole to the introduction of a vaccine. Usually they develop a few hours after the introduction of the vaccine into the body and can be expressed in malaise, the child refuses to eat, the temperature rises. Three degrees of severity of reactions can be distinguished - this is weak, medium degree and strong.

With a weak reaction, the temperature rises to subfebrile figures, not higher than 37.5 ° C, with an average degree, the temperature rises within 38.5 ° C and the condition suffers from general malaise and a pronounced reaction, this is an increase in temperature to 39-39.5 ° C, severe violation well-being, lethargy, drowsiness and malnutrition.

If there is an increase in temperature above 40 ° C, these are no longer reactions, but the formation of complications for vaccination - in the future, DTP vaccination is no longer carried out, only ADS or ADS-m is done, these are vaccinations without a pertussis component, with it high temperature no longer put.

General reactions can occur both with the first and with repeated injections of the vaccine, there is no dependence on the severity of the injection. It is usually said that the reaction to the first injections is usually brighter, since the child first encounters new antigens, so his immunity works more actively, but this rule is true only for completely healthy children.

Reactions can be given by any of the vaccines, whether imported or domestic, stronger and pronounced reactions give vaccines with a whole-cell pertussis component - this is the domestic DTP and Tetracoccus. Miscellaneous reactions also give different series of vaccines, toxoids and cell-free vaccines negative reactions very rarely given.

>If the baby is unwell or has an allergy?

A child who is allergic himself or has a hereditary allergic predisposition among parents or relatives will have peculiarities during the vaccine process and must be known about in advance. vaccination affects the entire immune system as a whole, and also triggers the activation of allergic immunoglobulin E, which can give reactions. That is why such children may have very strong local reactions - in a word, swelling, redness and swelling will be stronger and brighter. When a baby receives the first dose of the antigen in the vaccine, the body only gets to know it and its components. But from the second dose of the vaccine, it can already react to its introduction by releasing some doses of immunoglobulin E, and in ever-increasing concentration - it is this immunoglobulin that is responsible for the enhanced reactions.

In order to prevent reactions or reduce their likelihood and activity, it is necessary to strictly observe the principles of vaccination only without exacerbation, and antihistamines should be taken before and after vaccination.

However, I immediately want to make a remark for parents - antihistamines do not prevent a temperature reaction to the introduction of the vaccine,This is what many parents fear. Therefore, under the guise of antihistamines, it makes no sense to vaccinate all children in a row - this is not justified.In addition, at the time of vaccination you need to be very careful.complementary foods - often it is they and their irrational management that provokes the child allergic reactions. Important about a week before the planned vaccinationDon’t give DTP anything new to your child, don’t go to visit and go to nature, don’t change cosmetics and hygiene products, don’t move, etc. in a word - not to reward stressful situations in the child's body that undermine the functioning of the immune system. scarier kids should not be given chocolate, citrus fruits and other food hazards during the vaccination period - rewards for patience.

If the child has chronic pathologies from the side of the liver, kidneys or heart, DTP vaccination is given to him only after the permission of the specialist observing him, he decides whether it will be a full vaccine with or without whooping cough, he also prepares the child for vaccination and gives directions for all tests. Vaccination is carried out only in the period of stable remission and only with calm tests. In the event of the slightest doubt on the part of parents or a specialist, vaccination should be postponed.

When do you need help?

Sometimes the reactions of the baby require some measures from the parents, including those of a therapeutic nature.First of all, you need to remember and not panic at a temperature after DTP - we have already found out that this is a normal reaction of the body to the introduction of vaccine antigens into it. This is a sign that immunity is being actively developed on it, you should not be afraid of temperature. However,we said that normal rise temperature is allowed up to 39 ° C, which is not very good for the child, which means that you and I need to help the child endure the fever.From about 38-38.5 ° C, you can give the child antipyretics, and if the child had previous episodes of seizures, then we don’t wait for the temperature to rise at all and give him antipyretics preventively - that is, in advance, 1-2 hours after returning home.

You can give your child a decoction of herbs with an antipyretic effect - Linden blossom and raspberries, you can wipe it with a damp sponge with a water temperature of about 20-25 ° C. Do not wrap the baby, and if he feels normal at a temperature, let him not lie down, but go about his usual business.

Antipyretics should be given no more than once every 8 hours, usually the fever lasts no more than 2-3 days, more often this is the first day. if the temperature rose three days after vaccination. or she won't budge by conventional means and grows above 39 ° C, you need to call an ambulance or a doctor from the clinic.

An urgent medical call is required in the following cases:

A sharp increase in temperature above 39 ° C,

When nausea, vomiting and diarrhea occur,

With cough and runny nose,

For any other dangerous or worrying symptoms. Most likely, these are signs of a disease that has accumulated on vaccination, or, which happens less often, these are signs of vaccination complications.

Difficult question - complications.

Of course, there is not a single drug in medicine that has 100% absolute safety - even ascorbic acid can do much harm. Not to mention serious immunobiological preparations. Therefore, I consider it my duty to tell parents about all possible complications from DPT vaccination, although in fairness, it should be noted that most complications occur when vaccination rules are violated, and their number and possible risk incomparable with the consequences of the development of the infections themselves collected in the DTP vaccine. No statistics will be given. Which opponents of vaccinations love to show so much, I can only say that children used to die from diphtheria quickly and painfully in front of their parents, and today, thanks to DTP, we have practically not seen it for 30 years, although the microbe has not gone away. However, let's talk about complications and their types.

Shared common and local complications vaccination, local include the formation at the injection site (usually the buttocks, the vaccination process is worse there) of a dense and edematous infiltrate with compaction and redness of more than 8 centimeters in diameter. Due to swelling and compaction of the tissue, compression nerve endings soreness of the tissues develops at the injection site. This reaction can last about three days and resolves on its own. However, if the baby is very anxious, you can give him an antipyretic in half the dose and make a bandage."troxevasin", absorbable gel.

To common complications include those manifestations that affect the entire body as a whole, and they include such as:

Allergic reactions to the introduction of the vaccine, as well as to any other medicines and preparations, manifestations can be as acute urticaria(a rash that suddenly appears on this body 15-30 minutes after vaccination), Quincke's edema (swelling of the tissue of the throat and face. Neck), even anaphylactic shock (lowering pressure with convulsions and loss of consciousness). Not a single person can be insured against this complication - an allergy is an unpredictable thing. These phenomena occur quickly, within the first thirty minutes after administration. That is why it is not recommended to immediately go home after vaccination - you need to stay on the territory of the clinic or take a walk around it. This will allow you to help the child as quickly as possible together with the doctors - there is always an anti-shock kit in the vaccination room and that's it. necessary medicines for first aid.

Seizures can be another complication of vaccination. These are two large groups- non-temperature convulsions due to organic damage nervous system, which proceeded hidden and was not revealed earlier. Vaccination can become a provoking factor for the manifestation of health problems, which is why a thorough examination of the child before DPT is necessary, and if a complication occurs, the child is removed from all vaccinations until he has undergone a comprehensive examination. This is rare, but it's important to be aware of it.

Febrile convulsions occur in children not only when vaccinated, but in general when any elevated temperature occurs, it is usually 38-38.5 ° C and above. This, in fact, is not a vaccination complication, but a complication of fever.

Separately, a complication is isolated in young children in the form of monotonous screams or squeals that appear a couple of hours after vaccination and manifest themselves in bouts of incessant crying that last about three hours. At the same time, crying and screaming may be accompanied by an increase in body temperature, there may be a general anxiety of the baby, but this does not affect the subsequent health of the child and passes. given state without treatment. The basis of it is the stress from the procedure and the pain of the injection.

by the most serious complication fever above 39-40°C is considered to be caused by whole cell vaccines, imported vaccines rarely cause such complications.

If one of the listed complications developed on the introduction of the vaccine. further vaccination is continued without the pertussis component only with the ADS or ADS-m vaccine if the child is older. In addition, the vaccine is already given without whooping cough when the child reaches the age of four.

When you can not do DTP!

Any vaccine, and DTP is no exception, has a list of special contraindications, in which vaccination is canceled temporarily or permanently. However, recent times the vicious policy of parents has become more frequent to arbitrarily expand the boundaries of contraindications for themselves and the child and, by the way, force the doctor to do so.Of course, if you don't want to get vaccinated- no one will force you to do it, write a refusal and you don’t need to compose false diagnoses and contraindications for the child, this can go sideways for you in the future.In addition, by your actions you force the doctor to commit official forgery and then you will be the first to accuse him of incompetence. Doctors have strict instructions for action and all contraindications are prescribed in them. It is dangerous to add your own diagnoses or write diagnoses in the card that the child does not actually have - this is dangerous.Most often, vaccinations are postponed for those categories of children who need them most, and if the baby then becomes ill with whooping cough (well, if without disability and mortality), parents complain about the doctor who postponed the vaccination.

So, AKDMS is contraindicated for:

Any acute infections easy course ARVI is vaccinated after 7-10 days from the moment of recovery, in severe cases, you can wait a month.

With exacerbation of chronic diseases. medical outlet after subsidence for a month.

With illnesses of relatives in the family, moving, stress, starting to visit the garden.

These contraindications are temporary and can be removed if conditions change. There is also a group of permanent contraindications - this is:

Allergy to vaccine components

Seizures or fever above 40°Cto previous management.

Progressive nerve diseases

Immunodeficiencies.

In addition, if the child has already had whooping cough, he is no longer vaccinated against whooping cough, and the vaccination is continued with the DTP vaccine.This is all that could be said about DTP vaccination within the framework of the article, the choice is yours whether you do it or not. In any case, you can choose paid vaccination with a cell-free vaccine, if our, domestic

Vaccinations have existed since the time of Catherine. Thanks to them, thousands of victims were saved. Of course, there is always a risk of side effects after vaccination, but the task of every parent is to protect their child from serious diseases. Only a competent approach to vaccinations and awareness will help to avoid dire consequences. Next, consider what is DTP vaccination. Komarovsky - famous children's doctor, will help with his advice to prepare the child for vaccination and possible side effects.

Let's decipher DTP

What do these letters mean?

A - adsorbed vaccine.

K - whooping cough.

D - diphtheria.

C - tetanus.

The vaccine consists of weakened bacteria - the causative agents of the above diseases, sorbed on the basis of aluminum hydroxide and merthiolate. There are also cell-free vaccines, more purified. They contain particles of microorganisms that stimulate the body to produce the necessary antibodies.

Note that Dr. Komarovsky says: “The DPT vaccination is the most difficult and can be difficult for a child to tolerate. The pertussis element contained in it complicates its portability.

One vaccine will protect against diphtheria, whooping cough and tetanus. These diseases can lead to a sad outcome, and how dangerous they are, we will consider further.

Dangerous diseases

The DTP vaccine will protect against whooping cough, diphtheria, and tetanus. Why are these diseases dangerous?

Whooping cough is a disease caused acute infection. There is very coughing, which can cause respiratory arrest, convulsions. A complication is the development of pneumonia. The disease is highly contagious and dangerous, especially for children under 2 years of age.

Diphtheria is an infectious disease. Easily spread by airborne droplets. Severe intoxication occurs, and a dense plaque forms on the tonsils. Swelling of the larynx may occur, there is a great threat of disruption of the heart, kidneys and nervous system.

Tetanus is an acute and infectious disease. The nervous system is damaged. Reduces muscles on the face, limbs, back. There are difficulties in swallowing, it is difficult to open the jaws. Dangerous violation of the respiratory system. In most cases, death. The infection is transmitted through lesions on the skin and mucous membranes.

When and to whom do DTP

From the very birth of a child, a vaccination schedule is set. If you comply with all the terms of vaccination, the effectiveness will be high, the child in this case is reliably protected. DPT vaccination, Komarovsky draws attention to this, should also be done in a timely manner. Since the child is protected by the mother's antibodies only in the first 6 weeks from birth.

Vaccination can be domestic or imported.

However, all DTP vaccines, regardless of the manufacturer, are administered in three stages. Since immunity weakens after the first vaccination, it is necessary to re-vaccinate. There is a rule for DTP vaccination:

The vaccine should be administered in three stages.
In this case, the interval between vaccinations should be at least 30-45 days.

If missing, the graph looks like this:

1 vaccination - at 3 months.
2 vaccinations - at 4-5 months.
3 vaccinations - at 6 months.

In the future, the interval should be at least 30 days. According to the plan, DTP vaccination is carried out in:

18 months.
6-7 years old.
14 years.

Adults can be vaccinated once every 10 years. In this case, it must be observed that it should not be less than one and a half months.

Very often, one vaccine contains antibodies against several diseases. This does not burden the child's body at all, since they are easily tolerated. So, for example, if DPT and polio are vaccinated, Komarovsky notes that they can be done simultaneously, since the latter has practically no side effects.

The polio vaccine is oral, live. After it, it is recommended not to contact unvaccinated children for two weeks.

How long does the protection last

After the DPT vaccination is done (Komarovsky explains it this way), the immune system begins to produce antibodies to measles, diphtheria and tetanus. So, it was found that after vaccination in a month, the level of antibodies in the body will be 0.1 IU / ml. How long the protection will last depends largely on the characteristics of the vaccine. Usually, immune defense calculated for 5 years. Therefore, the interval routine vaccinations and is 5-6 years old. At an older age, it is enough to do DPT once every 10 years.

If the DPT vaccination is done, then the likelihood of getting diphtheria, tetanus or measles is very low. It is believed that a person in this case is protected from these viruses.

In order not to harm the body, it must be remembered that there are a number of contraindications.

Who should not do DTP

DPT is one of the vaccines that is difficult to tolerate in childhood. And if before that there were no reactions to vaccinations, then it can cause side effects. In order not to cause unwanted consequences of DTP vaccination, Komarovsky advises paying attention to the reasons why vaccination should be canceled.

The reasons may be temporary, these include:

Colds.
infectious diseases.
Increased body temperature.
Exacerbation of chronic diseases.

In such cases, it is necessary to cure the child, and only two weeks after complete recovery, DTP can be done.

DTP vaccination should not be done if there are the following diseases:

Deviations in the work of the nervous system that progress.
Previous vaccinations were very difficult to tolerate.
The child had a history of seizures.
Previous vaccinations caused
Immunodeficiency.
Special sensitivity to the components of the vaccine or their intolerance.

If your child has any disease, or you are afraid that the DTP vaccination will cause unwanted consequences, you should consult a doctor. You may be given a vaccine that does not contain whooping cough toxoids, because they can cause adverse reactions.

Vaccination may also be delayed if the child:

Diathesis.
Little weight.
encephalopathy.

Under these conditions, vaccination is possible, but preparation for DPT vaccination, Komarovsky emphasizes this, should consist in stabilizing the state of health. It is best to use a cell-free vaccine with a high degree of purification for such children.

Possible conditions after vaccination

What are the possible consequences after the DPT vaccination? Reviews Komarovsky gives various. And all side effects can be divided into mild, moderate and heavy.

As a rule, the reaction to the vaccine appears after 3 doses. Perhaps because it is from this moment that the immune defense begins to form. The child should be observed, especially in the first hours after vaccination and for the next three days. If the baby gets sick on the fourth day after vaccination, then it cannot be the cause of the disease.

The occurrence of adverse reactions after vaccination is a very common occurrence. Every third person may have them. Mild reactions that resolve within 2-3 days:

Moderate and severe side effects

More serious side effects cannot be ruled out. They are much less common:

Body temperature can rise to 39-40 degrees.
Febrile seizures may occur.
The injection site will redden significantly, exceed 8 centimeters, and edema will appear more than 5 centimeters.
There will be diarrhea and vomiting.

If such reactions to the vaccine occur, it is urgent to show the child to the doctor.

In very rare cases more severe adverse reactions are possible:

DTP is a vaccination (Komarovsky notes this especially), which causes such side effects in one case per million.

Such a reaction may appear in the first 30 minutes after the injection. Therefore, the doctor recommends not to leave immediately after vaccination, but to stay near the medical facility during this time. Then you should show the child again to the doctor. All this is done in order to be able to provide needed help baby.

What to do after vaccination

In order for the child to tolerate the vaccine more easily, it is necessary not only to prepare for it, but also to behave correctly after it. Namely, follow some rules:

The child should not bathe in the bath and do not wet the injection site.
Dr. Komarovsky recommends walking, but do not walk in public places.
Spend these 3 days at home without visitors, especially if the baby has a temperature or is naughty.
The air in the room should be moist and fresh.
Should not be entered New Product in the diet a week before vaccination and after. If the baby is breastfed, mom should not try new foods.
Parents of children with allergies should be especially careful. Talk to your doctor about which antihistamines to give before and after vaccination.

How to behave in the event of adverse reactions

The manifestation of mild adverse reactions is still possible. Since the DPT vaccine is considered the most difficult for the body, especially if the child had previously been vaccinated negative reactions. What to do in case of occurrence side effects after DTP vaccination:

Temperature. Komarovsky recommends constantly monitoring it. You should not wait until 38, you need to give an antipyretic as soon as it starts to rise.
If there is swelling or redness at the injection site, it is necessary to show the child to the doctor. Perhaps this drug did not get into the muscle, but into the subcutaneous fat, because of this, swelling and induration may appear. In any case, a doctor's consultation is necessary to alleviate the child's condition and exclude possible complications. If it is just a slight redness, it will go away within 7 days and nothing needs to be done.

In order to avoid side effects, you should take seriously the preparation of the child for vaccination. More on this later.

How to prepare your child for DTP vaccination

Komarovsky gives some simple and necessary advice:

Should I do DTP?

Currently, you can observe Remember: the disease threatens with much greater problems than the consequences that arise after the DTP vaccination. Reviews Komarovsky, according to him, heard different things about vaccination, but there are always more pros than cons. After all, having been ill with diphtheria or tetanus, there is no immunity to these diseases. Medicine does not stand still, and vaccines are becoming more purified and safer. It's worth thinking about it. No need to risk the health and life of the child. A high-quality vaccine, an attentive doctor can reduce the risks of developing side effects. Health to you and your children.

Health ecology: An explosive mixture of diphtheria, whooping cough and tetanus cells. And this miracle vaccine is injected into the body of the baby as many as four times, starting from the age of three months. This is a very painful inoculation, and some children react to it with a long continuous cry. From DTP largest number complications and a greater percentage of the risk of allergic reactions in the child's body.

An explosive mixture of diphtheria, whooping cough and tetanus cells. And this miracle vaccine is injected into the body of the baby as many as four times, starting from the age of three months. This is a very painful inoculation, and some children react to it with a long continuous cry.

From DTP, the greatest number of complications and a greater percentage of the risk of allergic reactions in the child's body. On the conscience of this vaccine - numerous childhood deaths, lawsuits, many times it was banned in European countries, but not in Russia.

Japan and Europe have abandoned DTP

By the early 1970s, 37 children had died from DPT vaccination in Japan. The Japanese stopped giving this vaccine to their children, then transferred it from infancy to 2 years of age. As a result, Japan from 17th place in the world in terms of child mortality has sharply moved to last place. In the 1980s, they began to vaccinate against whooping cough with a new cell-free vaccine, which led to a fourfold increase in sudden infant death syndrome in the next 10-12 years.

A similar situation occurred in England, Germany, Holland. Whooping cough vaccinations killed and disabled dozens of children, after which the population began to refuse this vaccination. With the decrease in vaccination coverage, the number of visits to hospitals dropped sharply, and where vaccination was still not refused, an increase in the number of diseases was observed, that is, the vaccination did not save from the epidemic.

What does it say? The fact that the DTP vaccine is deadly, and in best case- is simply useless, and remains in the vaccination calendar for some reason that is beneficial only to him, and not in the interests of people.

This vaccine is poisonous

DTP is not even called a vaccine, but a chemical and biological conglomerate that contains many chemical components that are harmful to human health, causing irreversible changes in the nervous system, affecting kidney and brain cells, when they enter the stomach cancer-causing. All these components make the DPT vaccine the most dangerous vaccine which leads to autism and paralysis in children. Not many people know about this, and they do not realize the danger until they themselves face trouble.

In addition to whole cells of whooping cough, this drug is made terribly dangerous by an organomercury pesticide called merthiolate or thiomersal, which is used as a preservative, and formaldehyde - all these poisons are present in a vaccine dose in an amount sufficient to poison the body of a little man!

Merthiolate is not considered in our country medicine, not really tested, approved its use in a vaccine, based only on the results of testing in five guinea pigs who received a single dose.

During vaccinations, a child is given a dose five times more! Merthiolate is not excreted from the body, accumulates in nervous tissue, and in combination with aluminum hydroxide, its toxicity increases tenfold! It is not difficult to guess that aluminum hydroxide is also contained in a dose of DTP.

Merthiolate is a technical pesticide that Europe not only does not consider a drug, but even refused to produce this poison on its territory. And in our country, it is successfully used in the vaccine, and our Ministry of Health is not even going to conduct research on the dangers of this drug!

Benefit or risk?

According to data recognized by the World Health Organization, DPT vaccination causes persistent brain damage, various neurological seizures, up to death (5 deaths per million population).

In the 70s, Swedish scientists proved a direct link with the introduction of the whole cell DTP vaccine and encephalopathies (convulsions). Scientists have decided that the benefits of vaccination are not worth the risk. Despite being banned in many countries, the United States continues to manufacture and sell DTP containing whole cell pertussis to third world countries, while Americans have abandoned this form of vaccine domestically.

And the trouble is that no one can ever say in advance whether this vaccination will cause some kind of complication precisely in this child or everything will go well. Doctors reassure safe vaccination, complications are extremely rare, and most often all this is not discussed either before vaccination or after, only if a misfortune happens to the child. But even in this case, you will be told that vaccination has nothing to do with it, and it will be difficult to prove that the manifested diseases are related to the vaccination.

Pay attention to what complications this vaccine can cause: huge purulent tumors on the skin that have to be opened, damage to the central nervous system, joints, gastrointestinal tract, heart, various allergic reactions, asthma, diabetes, awakening of hidden diseases - tuberculosis, hepatitis; anaphylactic shock, sudden death. Vaccination during an epidemic of other diseases can be fatal!

This will be of interest to you:

So is it worth it, fearing an epidemic of whooping cough in advance, to agree to the introduction of such a dangerous dose of pathogenic cells into the child's body and toxic substances, thereby many times increasing the risk that the child will then become disabled or even worse - die?

Might be worth finding alternative ways maintaining the health of the child, and strengthening his immunity? Parents have the right to refuse vaccinations or agree, but in any case, it is worth getting full information from reliable sources, which, fortunately, are already available to everyone today. published

Vaccination of a child is a serious event that requires a responsible attitude from both the doctor and the parents. Before you take your baby for a vaccination, you need to carefully study the information on the issue of immunization. This will help you understand how it works. this method prevention, as well as prepare for adverse reactions and, if possible, avoid them.

Vaccination, or immunization, is the introduction of special drugs into the body. Most often these are killed or live, but weakened microorganisms. Rarely injected toxoid.

The task of vaccination is the formation of an immune response in the body, the development of special antibodies.

Since the killed pathogen does not possess pathogenic properties, it cannot cause the development of the disease. However, this does not interfere with the work of the immune system; in any case, it will produce specific antibodies.

If a virus or bacterium is weakened, it can cause a mild illness. But most often this does not happen, or the patient has only individual symptoms– such as fever, swollen lymph nodes or rash.

With the introduction of toxoid the immune system synthesizes antibodies to the toxins of the microorganism, since it is they that determine the severity and severity of the disease. This is true for infections such as diphtheria and tetanus.

Vaccination is also called vaccination, since the child is vaccinated against various diseases. One of the most important in childhood is immunization against whooping cough, diphtheria and tetanus. This vaccine is called DTP.

DTP

The adsorbed DTP vaccine protects against three infections:

whooping cough;
diphtheria;
tetanus.

These pathogens cause serious diseases that can not only lead to various complications and even disability of the baby, but also end in death.

Timely immunization allows the body to develop the necessary antibodies against these infections in advance. As a result, at the subsequent meeting with the pathogen, the child will be able to easily cope with the microorganism or its toxins. This will lead to the fact that the disease will not develop at all or will proceed in a mild, erased form.

However, a single administration of the DTP vaccine does not allow the formation of long-term and lasting immunity. In order for immunization to be truly effective, a child must be vaccinated according to a certain scheme.

Vaccination scheme

How many times do DTP? The pertussis, diphtheria and tetanus vaccine is given to the child 4 times according to the scheme, which is also called the schedule, or vaccination schedule. It is developed by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation and is called national. When immunizing a child, it is undesirable to deviate from the developed recommendations, as they offer optimal timing for vaccinations.

DTP vaccination begins in infancy. It includes primary immunization and revaccination.

Primary immunization

Primary immunization is a three-fold administration of the DPT vaccine to form an adequate immune response. If you reduce the number of vaccinations, the level of antibodies will not be enough to resist any of these three infections.

It is also desirable that the interval between vaccine administrations be maintained. However, violation of the timing of vaccination to a lesser extent affects its quality. In this situation, the risk for the child to get sick is increased, but it will remain until the primary immunization is over. In the future, if the vaccine was administered out of time, but with the proper number of doses, the child will form an adequate immune response.

How many times is this vaccination done and at what time? Primary immunization is considered complete after three doses have been administered. According to the national calendar of the Russian Federation, a child should be vaccinated at the following times:

At 3 months.
At 4.5 months.
At 6 months.

There are other schemes for primary immunization with DTP. So, in some countries, the baby is vaccinated at 2.4 and 6 months. The determining factor for choosing a vaccination schedule is the current national calendar state vaccination.

For the formation of normal immunity, the intervals between the administered doses may be longer than the generally accepted periods, but not less. If the vaccination schedule is violated, the immunization scheme is developed by the pediatrician individually for a particular child.

Revaccination

The main task of revaccination is to maintain the existing immune response. A child should receive a second vaccination against whooping cough, diphtheria and tetanus at the age of one and a half years. In this case, his body will be marked high level antibodies that help overcome the disease.

After one and a half years, the DTP vaccine is no longer administered, since according to national guidelines after 4 years, there is no need to vaccinate the baby against whooping cough.

However, diphtheria and tetanus continue to threaten children and adults, and revaccination against these diseases continues. However, the vaccine now contains only diphtheria-tetanus toxoid, and it is called ADS.

In order to maintain immunity, vaccinations are given at the following times:

6 or 7 years old.
14 years.
18 years.

Upon reaching the age of majority, the patient goes under the supervision of a therapist. From this age, revaccination against diphtheria and tetanus is carried out every 10 years.

The composition of the DTP vaccine

What is the DPT vaccine? The composition of this vaccine includes killed whooping cough pathogens, as well as purified toxoids - tetanus and diphtheria. They are adsorbed on aluminum hydroxide.

also in this preparation a preservative is present so that the vaccine can retain its properties for a long time. For this purpose, merthiolate is used. Its concentration is 0.01%.

Visually, the vaccine looks like a suspension white color or yellowish. When standing in it, one can observe the formation of a precipitate, but it quickly disappears when shaken.

You should know that there is another vaccination option - AaDPT. This vaccine does not contain whole cells of the whooping cough pathogen, so it is called acellular, or acellular. This composition reduces the number of complications and post-vaccination reactions associated with the whooping cough component.

It is believed that the effectiveness of DTP and AaDTP is the same, but today this opinion is disputed by many doctors.

With regard to the persistence and severity of the immune response, some pediatricians prefer whole-cell DPT, but the acellular variant is considered safer.

Complications of vaccination

The introduction of any drug into the body, even if it is ordinary vitamins, can cause unwanted reactions. Sometimes they are very serious, even fatal.

Vaccination in this situation is no exception. Moreover, the risk of adverse events during vaccination is quite high. However, although side effects and are characteristic of DTP, in most cases unpleasant symptoms disappear on their own.

But parents should be aware of the possibility of post-vaccination reactions in order to help their child on their own or consult a doctor in time.

Post-vaccination reactions

Post-vaccination reactions are very often observed with the introduction of DTP. They are local and general. Local are characterized by changes at the site of vaccine administration. These include:

Hyperemia (redness).
Swelling, sometimes very significant. It can extend to 1/3-1/2 of the thigh.
Local rise in temperature.
Marked soreness.

Common post-vaccination reactions can be many and very different. The most common are the following:

Fever. In children, both subfebrile condition and severe hyperthermia, above 40 ° C, can be observed.
Headache.
Great anxiety, piercing cry. Sometimes it can last several hours. Doctors associate the appearance of such a cry with a headache, especially in young children who cannot explain what is bothering them.
Irritability, emotional instability, aggression.
Drowsiness.
Lack of appetite.
Nausea and vomiting.
Skin itching.

Any post-vaccination reaction must be reported to the pediatrician for their registration and accounting. However, at the same time, parents should be able to help their baby with the most common complications.

First aid

Often, parents ask the doctor: “After DTP vaccination, what can be done to alleviate the child’s condition?”

You should be aware that the most common post-vaccination reactions are fever, pain and swelling at the injection site.

If the child becomes lethargic and capricious, parents notice hyperthermia in him, the use of antipyretics is recommended. With post-vaccination fever, there is no need to wait until the thermometer shows high numbers. You can take the medicine already at 37.5 ° C.

Paracetamol.
Ibuprofen.

Paracetamol is usually allowed from the first days of life. In babies, it is prescribed in the form of syrup or rectal suppositories. Its most common trade names are Panadol and Efferalgan.

Ibuprofen is known as Nurofen. It is undesirable to take it up to 4-6 months, but then it can be used for post-vaccination fever.

Paracetamol and ibuprofen can be alternated if the effect of one of them is insufficient.

Parents should be aware that the likelihood of post-vaccination hyperthermia increases when the baby is revaccinated. If the thermometer shows 39 ° and above, and antipyretic drugs do not work, it is necessary to call the ambulance team.

If swelling occurs in the injection area, local treatment is indicated.

Local treatment

Sometimes there is significant swelling at the injection site, extending to 1/2-1/3 of the thigh. With the repeated introduction of DPT, it can affect the entire limb. This reaction is usually accompanied by redness, local increase temperature and pain syndrome.

anti-inflammatory;
decongestant;
anesthetic.

Post-vaccination edema rarely occurs after the first dose, but it is very common with the third or fourth DPT vaccination.

Other complications

Less commonly, after vaccination, a child has a long, piercing cry. In this situation, it is necessary to show it to the doctor as soon as possible to provide effective assistance.

With mild nausea and single vomiting, it will be sufficient to provide rest to the baby and replenish the volume of lost fluid, especially during the hot period.

If vomiting continues and worsens general state baby, he should also be examined by a doctor.

When convulsions or other vital dangerous symptoms an ambulance must be called immediately.

Preparation for vaccination

Proper preparation for vaccination can reduce the risk adverse reactions. First of all, the child must be healthy before vaccination.

It is very important to tell your doctor about a recent cold or SARS during your checkup, as pediatricians usually recommend waiting a few days after recovery.

If a child is prone to allergies, suffers from atopic dermatitis, an anti-allergic drug can be taken before the introduction of DTP - for example, Erius or Suprastin. You need to understand that this will not reduce the risk dangerous complications- anaphylactic shock, but will help prevent rashes and other skin lesions.

If the child has previously had fever after immunization, doctors may recommend taking antipyretic syrup preventively - even before the injection.

According to some pediatricians, it is necessary to prepare the child's digestive system. Constipation may increase the risk of vaccine reactions. It is advisable to achieve emptying of the baby's intestines on the eve of vaccination.

Place of injection

The severity of post-vaccination reactions may also depend on the place of administration of DTP vaccinations. Modern drugs inserted into the thigh outer part. Previously, injections were made only in the buttock. However, due to a large number subcutaneous fat in this area in children, a significant part of the vaccine did not get into muscle tissue, and its absorption was slower.

When injected into the thigh, the drug quickly enters the bloodstream and begins to act. However, local infiltrates will be observed more often.

It is important to clarify the expiration date of the vaccine from the nurse before vaccinating DPT, and if necessary, a series of the drug.

Contraindications

Sometimes DTP vaccination is contraindicated. Medotvod can be temporary - for example, with a cold, and permanent.

The basis for it is following states occurring within 48 hours of the previous vaccination:

Afebrile and febrile convulsions.
High-pitched crying for more than 3 hours in a row.
Fever over 40.5°C.
Shock-like state or collapse.

If a child has a progressive disease of the nervous system - epilepsy, infantile spasms, and others, it is recommended to postpone the introduction of a vaccine containing a pertussis component. After stabilization of the condition, immunization can be continued, but using the acellular variant.

Types and combination of vaccines

The best known vaccine against whooping cough, diphtheria and tetanus has tradename Infanrix.

However, the isolated administration of DPT alone is rarely used. It is usually combined with immunization against polio, since the timing of vaccinations coincides. The vaccine against whooping cough, diphtheria, tetanus, and polio is called Infanrix IPV.

It can also be combined with a vaccination against Haemophilus influenzae. The drug that protects against these five dangerous infections is called Pentaxim. It is produced in France. Sometimes Pentaxim is combined with an anti-hepatitis vaccine.

The most famous combined preparations that produce antibodies to six pathogens at once are Infanrix Hexa and Hexaxim.

There is another vaccine - against whooping cough, tetanus and diphtheria. It's called Boostrix. However, the doses of the components are such that the drug is not used for primary immunization. It can be recommended for DPT revaccination at 1.5 years. The combination with the polio vaccine is called Boostrix Polio.

DTP is a vaccine that can protect against serious and even fatal diseases. However, the child should be prepared for vaccination, since the risk of adverse reactions is quite high. What to do after vaccination is usually told by the pediatrician during the examination. But even if he did not, parents themselves need to ask such a question in order to know what measures can be taken if necessary.

DPT vaccine protects against 3 infectious diseases, namely from diphtheria, tetanus and whooping cough. ADS and ADS-M are forms of the same vaccine, but without the pertussis component.

Diphtheria- an acute infectious disease caused by bacteria, characterized by the formation of a fibrinous film at the site of the introduction of the pathogen, phenomena general intoxication, severe complications such as infectious-toxic shock, myocarditis, polyneuritis, nephrosis, etc. Diphtheria is a serious infection in which airway blockage can occur.

Tetanus- an acute infectious disease with a contact mechanism of pathogen transmission through damaged skin and mucous membranes, characterized by damage to the nervous system with the occurrence of generalized tetanic convulsions.

Whooping cough- an acute infectious disease with an airborne transmission mechanism caused by the bacteria Bordetella pertussis, the leading clinical symptom of which is a paroxysmal spasmodic cough, during which a state of severe hypoxia often occurs with the development convulsive syndrome and hypoxic encephalopathy. In children of the first year of life, the disease is characterized by severe course and even lethal outcome in connection with the development of apnea (stop breathing). Whooping cough affects children of all ages, including newborns and adults. The greatest incidence is observed at the age from 1 year to 5-7 years.

So, we got acquainted with all the components of the combined vaccine, which is designed to save a person from three diseases at once. The main advantages of the DTP vaccine Russian production- ease of access, efficiency and safety. The vaccination course consists of 3 vaccinations with an interval of 30-45 days and 1 revaccination 12 months after the last vaccination.

The DTP vaccination course can be carried out simultaneously with vaccinations against polio, hepatitis B and Haemophilus influenzae type b (ACT-Hib), provided that they are administered in different parts of the body. DPT revaccination can be combined with the same vaccines, as well as with the measles, rubella and mumps vaccine (Priorix, MMR-II).

Contraindications almost no vaccine. Children who have had acute respiratory infections (ARI) can be vaccinated immediately after recovery. For mild forms respiratory diseases(runny nose, slight redness pharynx, etc.) vaccination is allowed against the background of residual effects of acute respiratory infections. Children with neurological conditions are vaccinated after exclusion of the progression of the process.

The introduction of the DTP vaccine is temporarily or absolutely contraindicated only if the child has:

- progressive diseases of the nervous system
- seizures of convulsions were previously noted not against the background of high temperature.

In both of these cases, children are vaccinated with vaccines without a pertussis component (APS).

Vaccinations are also carried out after the end of the exacerbation allergic diseases, while stable manifestations of the disease (localized skin phenomena, latent bronchospasm, etc.) are not contraindications to vaccination, which can be carried out against the background of appropriate therapy.

Children suffering from various chronic diseases ( bronchial asthma, polycystic, congenital cardiovascular diseases, persistent neurological conditions, chronic diseases kidneys, liver, etc.) should be vaccinated in the first place, since all these conditions and diseases increase the risk of severe outcomes from diseases prevented by the DPT vaccine.

Note to parents

If you are worried possible reaction baby for vaccination, accept necessary measures to prevent it:

Antipyretics can be given 2 hours after vaccination.
Feed at will.
More to drink mineral water, dried fruit compote, green, fruit, berry tea.
Do not introduce complementary foods or change the mother's diet in case of breastfeeding baby.
Limit contact with other people
Ventilate the room more often
More time outdoors

Vaccine reactions

Do not panic if your baby develops redness and swelling at the injection site. This is considered normal reaction for vaccination. At the same time, the child may be restless, whiny, and also “take care of the leg” into which the injection was made. These phenomena will disappear in 2-3 days on the background of the appointment antihistamines(tavegil, claritin, etc.)

It is believed that most adverse reactions to the administration of the DPT vaccine are due to the pertussis component. Severe reactions include an increase in temperature up to 40 C and above, swelling at the injection site with a diameter of 5 cm or more, sharp redness skin 8 cm or more. An increase in temperature in children may be accompanied by convulsions, usually mild and short-lived. In these cases, you need to call a doctor.

In conclusion, it should be said that vaccination is the most effective and safe means protection against many infectious diseases. Adverse reactions to vaccines, in particular to DPT, are extremely rare and reversible. used in all countries of the world. The exclusion of vaccination from the vaccination calendar inevitably leads to an increase in morbidity and mortality among children. By refusing to vaccinate your child, you are exposing him increased risk infections. On the other hand, you can prevent any reactions by following the simplest preventive measures.