Can dysbacteriosis. Algorithm of treatment with the combined preparation Florin forte. Intestinal malabsorption

When eating food containing food allergens, catarrhal, aphthous or ulcerative lesion oral cavity (gingivitis, glossitis, stomatitis), as well as esophagitis and cardiospasm. More often with food allergies the stomach, small and large intestines are affected. There are typical symptoms of gastritis, similar to irritable stomach syndrome (pain or heaviness in epigastric region, bitter taste in the mouth, belching, heartburn, nausea, vomiting, and vomit contains a large amount of gastric juice due to hypersecretion), tension abdominal wall. Intestinal damage is characterized by cramping, less often aching, dull pain in the abdomen, rumbling, bloating and transfusion, as well as an imperative urge to empty the intestines. Appears frequent liquid stool, often with an admixture of undigested food, rarely blood.

The diagnosis is established on the basis of an allergic history, clinical observations, laboratory and other research methods. With an erased clinical picture of the disease, only after keeping a "food diary" in which the date and time of eating, the composition and quantity of food products, the method of cooking, and the observed painful symptoms are noted, it is possible to establish the source of allergization.

To laboratory methods diagnostics include the determination of humoral antibodies and cell sensitization to food products using various methodologies.

The greatest importance is attached to the determination in blood serum total IgE and allergic antibodies using a radioallergosorbent test. An increase in the level of IgE and specific antibodies to that or food allergen usually confirms the diagnosis of a food allergy. Additional value in the diagnosis of food allergies are skin tests with food allergens.

The effectiveness of antiallergic drugs, the presence of common allergic symptoms(urticaria, etc.) allow you to make the correct diagnosis.

Irritable bowel syndrome, which developed against the background of dysbacteriosis (intestinal colic, pseudomembranous colitis, mucosal colic, spastic colon, functional intestinal dyspepsia) is a violation of the function of the colon without its organic lesions. This, however, does not exclude catarrhal inflammation of the mucous membrane of the colon.

In the development of irritable bowel syndrome in intestinal dysbacteriosis, the leading role is played by the effect on the intestinal mucosa of the tological microflora and its toxins, undigested food ingredients, bile and organic acids, gases, toxic products and other aggressive factors.

To confirm the diagnosis of intestinal dysbacteriosis, in addition to the clinical picture, data are of great importance. laboratory research(bacteriological and serological).

AT laboratory diagnostics dysbacteriosis the leading role is given to:

sowing feces for dysbacteriosis;

scatological examination of feces (an undoubted sign is the presence in the feces a large number digested fiber, intracellular starch and iodophilic microflora);

sowing bile, which is normally sterile;

urine culture (bacteriuria with urine culture of intestinal microflora - a sign of generalization of dysbacteriosis).

The clinical features of various types of intestinal dysbacteriosis depend on the leading type of microbe.

Staphylococcal dysbacteriosis intestine usually occurs in patients who have had acute intestinal diseases, suffering from chronic diseases digestive organs or other diseases in which the protective properties of the body are reduced.

A predisposing factor for the pathogenic action of staphylococcus on the intestinal wall is toxic and allergic action antibiotics directly on the mucous membrane and vitamin deficiency in the body.

For ascertaining staphylococcal, proteus, fungal and other types of intestinal dysbacteriosis, it is important not to detect bacteriological culture feces of these bacteria in general, and repeated finding of their abundant growth in pure culture on nutrient media or the detection of sharply increased amounts of these microbes during bacteriological examination, which does not happen in the presence of normal symbionts.

To confirm the active role of staphylococci, you can use serological methods research: detection of antibodies in blood serum. For this purpose, an autoagglutination reaction is set with a culture of staphylococcus isolated from a patient.

By clinical course There are mild, moderate and severe forms of the course of staphylococcal dysbacteriosis.

Mild forms of staphylococcal dysbacteriosis are characterized by subfebrile temperature, minor symptoms of intoxication and mild inflammatory processes in the intestines. The body temperature in patients is 37.0-37.5 ° C, its increase is sometimes accompanied by chills. Among the general symptoms of intoxication, only slight weakness, loss of appetite are noted. The duration of temperature and general symptoms of intoxication usually does not exceed 10-12 days.

Inflammatory processes that develop in the intestines are characterized by minor pain in the abdomen and abundant liquid stools, in which mucus appears. Some patients may not have mucus impurities in the stool, its frequency is 4-5 times a day. An objective examination reveals slight pain on palpation of segments of the colon, bloating. In cases where staphylococcal dysbacteriosis develops against the background of acute dysentery, a spastically reduced sigmoid colon is found. In sigmoidoscopy, catarrhal phenomena and very rarely hemorrhagic changes are noted.

Thus, with a mild course of staphylococcal dysbacteriosis, the most characteristic is a slight inflammatory process on the part of the mucous membrane of the colon. Full resolution of the process occurs in 18-25 days.

With staphylococcal dysbacteriosis of moderate severity, more pronounced clinical manifestations. The temperature in such patients reaches 38-39 ° C, accompanied by chills and sweating in all. Among the complaints that characterize general intoxication, patients note severe weakness, loss of appetite, headache. The temperature lasts up to 15-20 days. Patients complain of abdominal pain, profuse loose stools mixed with mucus, blood and pus. Chair 6-10 times a day.

An objective examination noted pain on palpation of segments of the colon, bloating and spastic contraction of the sigmoid colon.

A sigmoidoscopy examination reveals the presence of catarrhal-hemorrhagic inflammation and much less often - erosive and ulcerative changes in the mucous membrane.

The total duration of staphylococcal dysbacteriosis of moderate severity is longer than that of a mild one. At the same time, the period of normalization of the stool is lengthened and pathological impurities in the feces remain longer. The outcome of the disease is usually a complete recovery, and only in isolated cases can there be an improvement with subsequent relapses.

Severe staphylococcal dysbacteriosis is characterized by a significant severity of all symptoms associated with both intoxication and local inflammatory processes in the intestine. Body temperature in this form of flow reaches 39-40°C and above. In all patients, fever is accompanied by chills, severe sweating. General symptoms intoxication is characterized by severe weakness, loss of appetite, insomnia, headache. Some patients experience nausea and vomiting. Symptoms of intoxication, including fever, persist longer than with mild and moderate severity. The duration of fever averages 14-20 days. Manifestations of the inflammatory process from the intestines are characterized by severe pain in the abdomen and impaired stool with the appearance of mucus, blood and pus. The chair happens from 7 to 12 Times and more often.

A sigmoidoscopy study shows the presence of inflammation of an erosive-ulcerative nature. Normalization of the stool, disappearance of abdominal pain, cessation of secretion of mucus, blood and pus is observed on the 16-20th day and later. Recovery of the intestinal mucosa is delayed for 30-45 days.

At severe course staphylococcal intestinal dysbacteriosis, dehydration of the body is noted, which develops as a result of the appearance of vomiting, frequent copious stools, impaired functions of cardio-vascular system: tachycardia, deafness of heart sounds, lowering blood pressure, cyanosis. Patients can die from infectious-toxic shock. Staphylococcal dysbacteriosis often proceeds as pseudomembranous enterocolitis. The prognosis in such cases is unfavorable.

The period of exacerbation in staphylococcal dysbacteriosis is characterized by changes in peripheral blood - leukocytosis up to 10-12x10 9 /l, an increase in ESR; in severe cases, there is hypoproteinemia and hypocholesterolemia.

The staphylococcal etiology of bowel disease is evidenced not only by a significant amount of staphylococcus in feces in a pure culture, but also by the duration of the inflammatory process, which intensifies after taking antibiotics.

At severe forms ah, staphylococci are sown in large quantities for a long time from the blood, urine and feces. As the disease progresses, staphylococcal sepsis develops. The course of dysbacteriosis is especially sharply aggravated with the association of staphylococcus aureus with Proteus, yeast-like fungi.

Proteus dysbacteriosis. According to the literature, Proteus is excreted from the faeces of healthy people in a small number of cases (2.3-8.2%). In intestinal diseases, this percentage can increase to 50-100%. In connection with wide application chemotherapy drugs increased the number of cases of proteus meningitis, encephalitis, lesions of the genitourinary tract and intestines, pneumonia.

It is important to note that dysbacteriosis does not have any characteristic combination of possible symptoms. In other words, in two patients with this pathology, the manifestations of the disease may be dissimilar. This is due to differences in the composition of the intestinal microflora in each person, a different state of the immune system, and different dominant pathogens.

If we talk in general about the manifestations of dysbacteriosis, then in most patients its symptoms are very mild, and many do not have any manifestations of the disease or complaints at all. Asymptomatic course of dysbacteriosis is very common. In these cases, pathology can only be detected using bacteriological methods. However, in the case of an asymptomatic course, the harm to the body is minimal, and the microflora most often recovers on its own over time. Severe disorders in patients are not so common. Usually these are patients with concomitant anatomical anomalies, chronic diseases, pronounced weakening of the immune system. In the severe course of the disease, various disorders and complications are possible, health threatening patient.

In patients with intestinal dysbiosis, the following symptoms are most common:

• Chair disorders. Stool disorders in dysbacteriosis are one of the most common and characteristic symptoms. They may be of a different nature and will be considered separately.
• Flatulence. Flatulence is called increased gas formation, which leads to the frequent emission of gases and bloating. Against the background of flatulence, the patient may appear dull pain due to stretching of the intestinal walls. The reason for the appearance of this symptom is the predominance of bacteria in the microflora that cause decay and fermentation. Instead of the normal breakdown of food, it is fermented, during which a lot of gas is released. It accumulates in the intestinal loops and gradually comes out naturally. In patients on a diet less meat, carbonated drinks, beer and kvass), flatulence is less pronounced.
• Stomach ache. Pain in the abdomen with dysbacteriosis can appear immediately for several reasons. Firstly, this is the flatulence and stretching of the walls mentioned above. Secondly, it is a spasm of smooth muscles. It may be associated with the absorption of toxic decay products that are not released during normal microflora. Thirdly, the cause may be a primary or secondary inflammatory process. In primary dysbacteriosis, pain usually appears later than other symptoms, and in secondary it precedes them. The pain itself can also be associated with concomitant diseases that caused dysbacteriosis ( Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, etc.). In this case, there may be other symptoms that are not typical for dysbacteriosis. In general, abdominal pain does not appear in all patients with this disease. Most often it is absent, but many patients complain of discomfort. If pain appears, it is more often localized in the lower abdomen and is a pain or dull, "migrating" pain. In general, the nature of this symptom can be different and there is no obvious pattern.
• Slimming. Normal intestinal microflora takes an active part in the absorption of nutrients. In its absence, the so-called malabsorption syndrome develops ( malabsorption of nutrients in the intestine). So the patient can eat well and stick to different diets, but still the body will not have enough nutrients. With prolonged dysbacteriosis against the background of malabsorption syndrome, the patient begins to gradually lose weight. The more serious the violations, the faster this process will become noticeable. Since chronic protracted dysbacteriosis is quite rare, then weight loss in patients is not so common.
• Rumbling in the stomach. Rumbling in the abdomen is due to the accumulation of gases that do not find an outlet in a natural way, as well as contractions of the intestinal muscles. Gases accumulate due to the fermentation process against the background of dysbacteriosis, and hyperactive muscle work can be explained by the absorption of various bacterial toxins. Especially characteristic this symptom with dysbacteriosis in children. In older people, dysbacteriosis often occurs with signs of paralytic ileus ( bowel muscles do not contract). Then there can be no rumbling in the stomach.
• Bad breath. Many patients go to the dentist when they experience bad breath. A thorough examination of most of them reveals dysbacteriosis ( oral cavity or intestines). Intestinal dysbiosis can bad smell due to the processes of decay and fermentation caused by atypical microflora. As a result, gases are formed, some of which rises up the gastrointestinal tract. As a result, belching with an unpleasant odor or taste, or just bad breath, is possible. This symptom can appear even with minor deviations in the composition of the microflora and may be the only manifestation of the disease.

Diarrhea and constipation in intestinal dysbacteriosis

With dysbacteriosis, diarrhea has the following features:

• stool frequency is usually about 4-6 times a day ( but there are more severe cases );
• diarrhea is not always accompanied by pain and pain in the abdomen;
• in most cases, the stool is not completely liquid, but simply "not formed" ( mushy);
• often the stool has a sharp unpleasant odor - the result of the processes of decay and fermentation;
• untreated diarrhea can last weeks or even months ( in this case, the patient's condition gradually worsens due to progressive dehydration);
• episodes of diarrhea may be followed by occasional constipation.

Constipation in patients with dysbacteriosis is much less common than diarrhea. They are more typical for elderly patients, since dysbacteriosis often causes deterioration of motor skills in them ( cuts) intestines. As a result, food moves more slowly through the gastrointestinal tract, water from the feces is completely absorbed. Often there are also tenesmus - painful false urges.

Is there a temperature with dysbacteriosis?

The temperature is more typical for secondary dysbacteriosis, which appeared against the background of other diseases. For example, subfebrile indicators ( 37 - 37.5 degrees) may be seen in Crohn's disease or non-specific ulcerative colitis. Acute inflammatory processes in abdominal cavity can cause a very significant increase in temperature ( 38 - 39 degrees), but they almost never occur in dysbacteriosis.

Chronic dysbacteriosis

The chronic course of dysbacteriosis is somewhat less common. At the same time, violations in the composition and quantity of microflora do not return to normal very much. long time (months, years). As a rule, there are prerequisites that do not allow the normal microflora to recover. However, in most cases, this problem can still be solved with the right treatment.

At chronic course dysbacteriosis, it is important to pay attention to the presence of the following factors:

• weakened immunity;
• chronic inflammatory diseases intestines;
• non-compliance with the prescribed diet;
• self-medication and unskilled treatment;
• the presence of a constant source of infection ( poor quality drinking water and etc.);
• possible bacterial resistance to prescribed antibiotics ( checked by antibiogram);
• the presence of intestinal tumors;
• chronic diseases of the liver, pancreas, stomach.

Dysbacteriosis in children

The development of microflora in the intestine is strongly influenced by several factors. First, it is the nature of the food ( mother's milk or formula). The intestine reacts differently to the food coming in the first year of life, and the limits of the norm for such children will be different. Secondly, age also affects. The older the child, the closer the composition of its microflora to the norm of an adult. Thirdly, it is necessary to take into account the possibility of anatomical and physiological abnormalities in young children, which often become the root cause of dysbacteriosis.

Normal composition of the intestinal microflora in children

The functions of normal microflora in a child's body are the same as in an adult, but play a more significant role. Children's body growing, and he constantly needs nutrients. For example, adults have a certain "reserve" of vitamins, while young children usually do not. With dysbacteriosis in these cases, vitamin deficiency B1 - B6, B12, K, E is most noticeable. The risk of allergic reactions and various metabolic disorders also increases. As a result, the growth and development of the child is delayed. It is believed that the younger the child, the more noticeable will be the violations in dysbacteriosis.

In addition to the causes characteristic of adults, dysbacteriosis may appear in children in the following cases:

• weakening of the immune system due to colds, angina, etc. ( which is very common in children.);
• Availability congenital anomalies intestinal development ( diverticula, narrowing, etc.);
• the use of hormonal and antibacterial drugs without consulting a doctor;
• a tendency to food allergies or intolerance to certain substances ( gluten, lactose, etc.).

In children, the manifestations of dysbacteriosis depend on the severity of the disease:

• Compensated intestinal dysbacteriosis. The manifestations of the disease will be mild, and at first there may be no symptoms at all. In young children, rumbling in the abdomen, loss of appetite, general anxiety, bad dream. The chair usually becomes more frequent up to 2-3 times a day, but depending on the dominant pathogen, it can be 6-8 times a day ( during the reproduction of Klebsiella, the stool is also greenish color ). In the case of compensated dysbacteriosis, the symptoms of general intoxication are mild. Temperature, vomiting and severe pain may not be.
• Subcompensated intestinal dysbacteriosis. In addition to the above symptoms, there may be signs general intoxication and metabolic disorders. The chair becomes more frequent up to 6 - 8 times a day, sometimes with blood impurities. Children who already know how to talk complain about severe pain in a stomach. Blood test shows anemia ( reduced level hemoglobin), elevated level leukocytes ( left shift leukocytosis and eosinophilia), increased ESR ( sedimentation rate of erythrocytes) . All this indicates the reproduction of opportunistic bacteria. Sometimes they enter the bloodstream, forming infectious foci outside the intestines.
• Decompensated intestinal dysbacteriosis. The frequency of the chair is 8 - 10 times a day or more. He contains undigested food, mucus, blood impurities. There are marked deviations in the blood test. The child is pale, weak due to anemia. In a chronic course, the treatment of severe forms can take up to several months. During this period, there is periodic increase temperature ( up to 39 degrees or more in the presence of secondary infectious foci), clouding of consciousness, allergic rash, vomiting, severe headaches and abdominal pain, enlargement of the liver and spleen ( hepatosplenomegaly). In the absence of qualified treatment in young children, there is a serious risk to life.

Treatment of dysbacteriosis in children involves proper nutrition (for each age and under different conditions it is different), which will be explained in detail by the attending physician. To normalize the number of bifidobacteria in children on artificial nutrition, it is recommended NAN mixtures 1 and 2. For children older than six months - NAN 3 and kefir.

Antibiotics may be prescribed for persistent diarrhea metronidazole, vancomycin, etc.). Bacteriophages, enzyme therapy, vitamin therapy are used. Sometimes enterosorbents are required ( enterodez, enterosgel, etc.) to absorb toxins and reduce intoxication.

Also, with dysbacteriosis in children, the following eubiotics can be used:

• lacidophilus;

It is believed that treatment is not required at all in the following cases:

• when the number of E. coli with normal enzyme activity more than 300 ml/g;
• number of E. coli ( lactose-negative and hemolytic) less than 10% of the total;
• an increase in the number of enterococci ( more than 125% of the norm) in the absence of symptoms and complaints;
• growth of cocci without hemolytic activity up to 125% of the norm in the absence of symptoms;
• an increase in the number of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria.

children preventive treatment from dysbacteriosis is prescribed in the following cases:

• if the mother suffered from colpitis or other urinary tract infections during pregnancy and childbirth;
• exacerbation of chronic diseases in children ( amygdalitis, sinusitis, etc.);
• frequent allergies in a child;
• anemia;
• if the mother received corticosteroids during pregnancy;
• children born by caesarean section;
• children born prematurely.

Dysbacteriosis during pregnancy

In general, during pregnancy, there are the following prerequisites for the development of intestinal dysbacteriosis:

• Compression of intestinal loops. The growth of the fetus causes the intestinal loops to rise in the abdominal cavity, due to which its contents may be less likely to pass. As a result, atypical bacteria actively multiply in the formed "kinks".
• Diet change. Often, women during pregnancy try to change their diet in order to optimize the supply of nutrients to the growing fetus. However, the intestines may not be prepared for such changes. Unusually large amount of vegetable ( or, conversely, meat) food often causes dysbacteriosis.
• Hormonal changes. During pregnancy, a whole cascade of hormonal changes occurs, which, to one degree or another, affect almost all organs and systems of the body. For example, many women experience poor motor skills ( cuts) intestines, due to which its contents are worse excreted. As a result, pathogenic bacteria can develop in the intestines.
• Weakened immunity. During pregnancy, a woman's body is somewhat weakened. This is due not only to the increased intake of various nutrients ( they are consumed by both the mother's body and the fetus's body), but also by forced inactivity of the immune system. It weakens to allow the fetus to grow normally. This opens the way for pathogenic bacteria, including the prerequisites for their development in the intestines.

To prevent the appearance serious problems, pregnant women are recommended to prophylactically donate feces for microbiological examination. Changes in the composition of the intestinal microflora will allow you to notice the developing dysbacteriosis in time. Prescribing antibiotics during this period is not recommended ( they can harm the fetus and do not always help with dysbacteriosis). Therefore, it is important to compensate for the disorders caused by the disease ( for example, taking certain vitamins) and stimulate the growth of normal microflora. In most cases, dysbacteriosis in pregnant women is not so difficult to cure. The main thing is to contact a specialist in a timely manner for diagnosis and prescribing the right treatment. It will be individual for each patient, depending on the symptoms and test results.

What is the danger of frequent dysbacteriosis?

Also to get reliable result Patients must adhere to the following rules:

• Diet. It is advisable to start following a diet even before passing feces for analysis. For 2 - 3 days exclude beer, kvass, alcohol, lactic acid products. All of them can temporarily affect the composition of the microflora, and the results will be unreliable.
• Early stage of the disease. It is advisable to take feces for analysis in the first days after the onset of symptoms of the disease, before starting any treatment. Once antibiotics are started, many sensitive bacteria will already die, and the number of microorganisms in the sample will generally decrease. Because of this, it will be more difficult to make a correct diagnosis in the laboratory.
• Proper sampling. If possible, the analysis of feces is taken not from the toilet, but from a blank landscape sheet. It is recommended to take a sample from the middle portion, as this is where the greatest number of bacteria is.
• Repeat analyses. A single analysis does not always give an objective result. Sometimes, for a more accurate diagnosis, feces are taken for analysis 2 to 3 times with an interval of several days.

In the vast majority of cases it is microbiological analysis feces allows for dysbacteriosis to make a final diagnosis. It also roughly determines the stage of the disease and its severity. The resulting colonies of pathogens can be tested for sensitivity to various antibiotics ( with an antibiogram). Based on the results of this analysis, the doctor will prescribe the correct treatment.

Where to get tested for dysbacteriosis?

Treatment of dysbacteriosis

In a narrower sense, the treatment of dysbacteriosis is aimed at restoring the normal intestinal microflora. Also, in severe cases, supportive and symptomatic treatment which will improve the general condition of the patient.

The vast majority of patients with intestinal dysbiosis do not see a doctor in the early stages of the disease. With absence concomitant diseases and normal operation immune system, recovery occurs on its own, without taking any medication, and sometimes without dieting. In more severe cases, treatment is carried out on an outpatient basis ( the patient visits the doctor almost daily, but does not go to the hospital). If there are any complications or serious comorbidities are identified, the patient can be admitted to the gastroenterology department. The leading specialist will be, respectively, a gastroenterologist.

Also, the following specialists may be involved in the treatment of patients with intestinal dysbacteriosis:

• surgeon- with serious complications associated with inflammatory processes;
• family doctor/therapist– deals with the treatment of mild forms of dysbacteriosis, observes the patient for a long time;
• gynecologist- with dysbacteriosis during pregnancy;
• pediatrician/neonatologist- with dysbacteriosis in children;
• immunologist– rarely, for consultation and identification of possible causes;
• microbiologist- the main specialist who is engaged in diagnostics ( identification, classification, recommendation of antibacterial treatment) dysbacteriosis.

Drugs for dysbacteriosis

In general, the following groups of drugs can be used in the treatment of intestinal dysbacteriosis:

• Eubiotics. This group drugs contains representatives of the normal intestinal microflora and substances that promote their growth. In other words, the restoration of normal intestinal microflora is stimulated. The choice of a specific remedy is made by the attending physician. Eubiotics linex, lactobacterin, hilak-forte, etc. are very common.
• Antibacterial drugs. Antibiotics could be the main cause of dysbacteriosis, but they are often necessary for its treatment. They are prescribed for the isolation of an abnormal dominant microorganism ( for example, with staphylococcal intestinal dysbacteriosis). Of course, in this case, antibiotics are prescribed only after an antibiogram, which shows which drug is best suited for the treatment of a particular microorganism.
• Antifungal agents. They are prescribed when an increased amount of yeast fungi is found in the intestinal contents.
• Multi vitamin complexes. With dysbacteriosis, the absorption of vitamins is often disturbed, hypovitaminosis and beriberi develop. This aggravates the patient's condition. Vitamins are prescribed to make up for the deficiency, as well as to maintain the immune system, which is also important in the fight against dysbacteriosis. Vitamin complexes of various manufacturers can be used ( pikovit, duovit, vitrum, etc.). When severe violation absorption in the intestine, vitamins are administered intramuscularly in the form of injections.
• Antidiarrheals. These funds are prescribed to combat diarrhea - the most an unpleasant symptom dysbacteriosis. In fact, there is no cure. The drugs worsen the contractions of the intestinal muscles, improve the absorption of water. As a result, the patient goes to the toilet less often, but no direct impact on the intestinal microflora does not occur. Antidiarrheal drugs are a temporary solution to the problem and should not be taken for a long time. The most common are lopedium, loperamide and a number of other drugs.
• Bacteriophages. Currently, this group of drugs is rarely used. in the intestines ( often in the form of a suppository) introduce special microorganisms ( viral), which infect certain bacteria. Bacteriophages are specific and affect only a certain group of microorganisms. There are, respectively, staphylococcal bacteriophages, coliproteic bacteriophages, etc.

Diet for intestinal dysbacteriosis

Since the normal intestinal microflora is represented mainly by bacteria that decompose sugars, it will be beneficial to consume lactic acid products ( contain milk sugar - lactose). It is also important sufficient use vegetable fibers that stimulate bowel contractions and normalize the mode of its emptying.

With unexpressed dysbacteriosis, the following products must be included in the diet:

• kefir;
• yogurt;
• cheeses;
• curdled milk;
• cottage cheese.

It is also important to exclude the following foods from the diet:

• carbonated drinks ( including beer and kvass);
• fried meat, tough meat, meat with blood;
• fruit, bloating intestines ( apricots, plums, etc.);
• legumes ( may increase gas buildup and discomfort);
• cream cakes and other confectionery large quantities;
• alcoholic drinks and coffee;
• canned and pickled foods;
• spicy and salty seasonings.

In general, there are dietary various types dysbacteriosis. It depends on the type of stool disorder ( constipation or diarrhea predominates), as well as the frequency and intensity of abdominal pain. In each individual case, the attending physician can adjust the diet at his discretion.

Folk remedies for intestinal dysbacteriosis

Folk remedies to combat the symptoms of dysbacteriosis

Prevention of dysbacteriosis

In general, the following preventive measures can be distinguished to prevent intestinal dysbiosis:

• dieting;
• limited consumption of kvass and beer;
• eating fresh, quality products;
• timely treatment of chronic diseases;
• timely access to a doctor at the first signs of intestinal pathology;
• breastfeeding;
• rational and reasonable prescription of antibiotics;
• strict adherence to the prescribed antibacterial treatment by the patient.

Is it possible to drink alcohol with dysbacteriosis?

Strong alcoholic beverages in large quantities can various conditions lead to diarrhea, dehydration, weakened immune system, impaired motor skills ( cuts) intestines. All this does not directly affect the intestinal microflora, but creates the prerequisites for the reproduction of some pathogenic bacteria. Some varieties of wines, beer and other alcoholic beverages directly related to the fermentation process have a direct effect on the microflora. For example, brewer's yeast is separate view fungal microorganisms. Overconsumption these drinks especially with pre-existing dysbacteriosis) stimulates the processes of fermentation and putrefaction in the intestines. As a result, all the symptoms of the disease will increase, and the risk of various complications will increase. That is why abstinence from alcoholic beverages is an indispensable component of the diet for patients with intestinal dysbacteriosis.

Symptoms of dysbacteriosis in adults are different. They may affect not only gastrointestinal tract, as is commonly believed by many, but also the skin, various organs and body systems. It should be noted that there is no clear framework for the development of this disease.

However, many people are still concerned about what symptoms of dysbacteriosis should pay attention to. First of all, it must be emphasized that the symptoms of this disease are divided into intestinal and extraintestinal. The former are the most common and include:

• violation of the stool - diarrhea can be replaced by constipation and vice versa, or one of the symptoms can be observed over a long period of time;
• bloating and unpleasant rumbling;
• change in feces (color, smell and consistency);
• pain with dysbacteriosis in the lower abdomen.

It should be noted that these phenomena can be observed in the patient both separately and in various combinations. If putrefactive or fermentation processes predominate in the intestines, then a fetid or sour smell faeces. These processes also explain the occurrence of symptoms such as rumbling and bloating.

The cause of these symptoms is excessive activity beneficial microorganisms With opportunistic pathogenic bacteria. high education organic acid bacteria causes diarrhea, retaining fluid in the body, and lead to changes in the acidity of the intestinal contents.

Moreover, with intestinal dysbacteriosis from fatty and bile acids microorganisms produce substances that irritate the intestinal wall. As a result, mucus is secreted in the intestines, and erosions occur on the mucous membrane.

Outside intestinal dysbacteriosis - symptoms of manifestation

Extraintestinal dysbacteriosis - the symptoms of its manifestation in adults, of course, judging by the name, are completely unrelated to the gastrointestinal tract, but its common signs are changes in the skin, in the structure of nails and hair. Quite common various rashes, itching, and irritation of the perineum.

Peeling and dry skin, brittle nails and brittle hair- this is another of the common symptoms of dysbacteriosis in women, which is noticed not only by the patient, but also by those around her.

The reason for their appearance is the lack of vitamins that are synthesized by bacteria.

The patient's temperature

With respect to body temperature, light flow disease, it is usually normal or slightly elevated. However, the temperature with moderate dysbacteriosis rises significantly and in certain cases can rise very high. In this case, intestinal dysbiosis, the symptoms are more pronounced. In addition to the above signs, there is also rapid dehydration of the body.

Regular violations in intestinal dysbacteriosis

Under conditions of weakened immunity, intestinal bacteria multiply not only in the intestines, but also bypassing the protective barriers of the intestinal wall, and enter the bloodstream. It is worth noting that toxins also penetrate into the general bloodstream. This is what leads to inflammatory processes lymph nodes of the abdominal cavity and organs that are located nearby. Moreover, even intoxication of the body is possible. In this variant of dysbacteriosis, the temperature rises to subfebrile figures.

• A mark within 37 degrees shows that the body is aware of the disease and has taken control measures. You don't need to bring down the temperature. accepted general measures for a cure (rationalization of the diet, medication, prebiotics and probiotics, intoxication).
• When the mark of 37 degrees is reached, vomiting is sometimes observed. First of all, the signs of dyspepsia are eliminated. Sorbents that absorb toxins, which are the primary sign of changes in body parameters, help. Then the temperature is measured.
• Upon reaching the bar of 38, it is worth thinking seriously about lowering the degree for the first time (detailed recommendations are given below in the text). This state of affairs suggests that the body cannot cope with invasion, it needs extra help Along the way, supplements, food enzymes are taken, the cause of hyperthermia is eliminated.
• When the bar has exceeded 39, you need to call an ambulance so that the doctors take the heat off with an injection.

Prescribing antipyretics

Antipyretics are prescribed in the following cases:

• History of fibril seizures (extreme muscle tremors close to epileptic appearance) - when reaching 38 degrees Celsius.
• The presence of diseases of the cardiovascular system, lungs - when reaching 38.5 degrees.
• Infants up to 3 months - when reaching 38 degrees.

From the foregoing, the conclusion is that the temperature during dysbacteriosis does not require a decrease in each case.

Emergency conditions

When the temperature has exceeded 39 degrees, it is impossible to postpone measures to reduce. Signs (in children):

1. The thermometer shows 40 degrees Celsius and above.
2. The skin is variegated, greyish-purple, or marbled.
3. The extremities are cold, despite the general high temperature body.
4. Circulatory disorders.

How to reduce

Dysbacteriosis is characterized by a feature: not any medicine is absorbed. Well, if the absorption of the drug occurs in the stomach. Aspirin should not be used. Phenacetin, amidopyrine, analgin (metamisole sodium) are not suitable. In the latter case, exceptions are possible. For example, when special indications. Cefecon and salicylamide are not suitable for children.

Instead, you should use:

1. Paracetamol.
2. Ibuprofen.

The temperature is lowered using a lytic mixture (for injection), which includes the following components:

• Pipolfen (2.5%).
• Analgin (50%).
• Papaverine (2%).

Dysbacteriosis is characterized by an imbalance in the intestinal microflora. The process is accompanied by symptoms such as pain, cramps and colic in the intestines, stool disorders, diarrhea, flatulence (bloating), an unpleasant aftertaste in the mouth, severe weakness. Also, the patient may experience low temperature.

How to be treated in case of temperature with dysbacteriosis?

Dysbacteriosis is the cause digestive process, healthier trace elements are absorbed much longer. Bloating occurs due to the fact that the intestines are irritated by elements of undigested food. This same factor is the reason intestinal colic and problems with temperature in dysbacteriosis.

With dysbacteriosis, both the thick and small intestine, which entails inflammation, as a result - there is a temperature during dysbacteriosis. The body is often unable to overcome a severe damage to the microflora on its own, so it would be logical to help it in this with a complex of special preparations.

How to lower the temperature with dysbacteriosis?

Antibiotics are prescribed only in cases of severe inflammation. the main task- get rid of pathogenic microbes that have accumulated in the intestines and actively began to develop there. For this you need to take antimicrobials.

Along with anti-inflammatory drugs, the temperature in dysbacteriosis is treated by taking lactobacilli that support immunity and digestion. For this, special capsules and tablets have been developed.

Colon flora should be restored with probiotic (live bacteria) and prebiotic (not bacterial origin) drugs.

It is also necessary to restore the work of the intestine to its previous level and stimulate all the responses of the body.

In the process of treating dysbacteriosis, refrain from eating fatty foods and carbohydrates, namely: pasta, sugar, potatoes. Food, if you have a temperature with dysbacteriosis, should be light and not heavy for the stomach and intestines.

Additional causes of fever in the diagnosis of dysbacteriosis

Dysbacteriosis can be caused not only by irritations, but even mental disorders and disorders, which is why during treatment the patient is advised to remain calm, and in some cases mild sedative drugs are prescribed.

Helminths can also cause fever

• unfavorable environmental conditions,
• air pollution

All of these affect changes in intestinal microflora, and as a consequence, the development of dysbacteriosis.