All about the DTP vaccine. Imported DTP vaccination - which one to choose

Hearing the phrase "DTP vaccine" many young mothers fall into real horror, because this vaccine is considered the most dangerous and difficult to bear for the baby. Such opinions are also supported by gossip and rumors from the World Wide Web, due to which many women completely refuse DPT vaccination. So, what is the DPT vaccine really?

Whooping cough, diphtheria, tetanus

DTP (international name DTP) is a vaccine that develops immunity to three diseases at once - whooping cough, diphtheria and tetanus.

Whooping cough is a dangerous disease caused by a bacterium called Bordatella pertussis. Its main symptom is attacks of severe spasmodic cough. Whooping cough is especially dangerous for one-year-old children, as it is fraught with respiratory arrest and complications such as pneumonia. The disease is transmitted from an infected person or carrier of the infection airborne way.

Learn more about whooping cough.

Diphtheria is even more difficult in small patients, the causative agent of which is a special bacterium (diphtheria bacillus), which, among other things, is capable of releasing a toxin that destroys the cells of the heart muscle, nervous system and epithelium. Diphtheria in childhood is very difficult, with high fever, swollen lymph nodes and characteristic films in the nasopharynx. It should be noted that diphtheria poses a direct threat to the life of the child, and the younger the child, the more dangerous the situation becomes. It is transmitted through the air (when coughing, sneezing, etc.), or through household contact with an infected person.

Learn more about the disease diphtheria.

Finally, tetanus is a very dangerous disease for both children and adults; in addition, immunity in people who have recovered from tetanus is not formed, so there is a possibility of re-infection. The causative agent of the disease is tetanus bacillus, which can exist in the environment for a very long time, and is very resistant to antiseptics and disinfectants. It enters the body through wounds, cuts and other damage to the skin, while producing toxins that are dangerous to the body.

Learn more about tetanus

A way to protect yourself from the above diseases is the DTP vaccination, after which a person develops a stable long-term immunity.

DTP vaccination

What is the DTP vaccine?

The DPT vaccine against whooping cough, diphtheria and tetanus (DPT infection) consists of toxoids (attenuated pathogenic bacteria diseases), sorbed on a special basis, which is aluminum hydroxide, as well as merthiolate (preservative). 1 ml of this vaccine contains approximately:

20 billion microbial cells of whooping cough;
30 LF (flocculating units) diphtheria toxoid;
10 EU ( antitoxin-binding units) of tetanus toxoid.

In addition, there are so-called cell-free DTP vaccines, which contain particles of microorganisms, which are sufficient to develop the necessary immunity.

The mechanism of action of the vaccine

Once in the body, the drug releases weakened microorganisms that stimulate infection and cause an appropriate protective reaction of the body. Thanks to this, antibodies are formed and, as a result, immunity to the disease.

What vaccine is given as part of the vaccination?

Most often, domestically produced adsorbed tetanus vaccine, as well as imported DTP vaccines, are used for DTP vaccination under the state program.

Where is it entered?

Any DTP vaccines are administered intramuscularly, but if injections into the buttock were practiced before, now the drug is recommended to be injected into the thigh. DTP vaccination in the buttock has a high risk of suppuration, and there is also a risk that the vaccine will get into the fatty layer and its effectiveness will be reduced to zero. Older children are given an injection in the upper part of the shoulder, and some vaccines (for example, ATP-m and ATP) are injected under the shoulder blade with a special needle.

Vaccination schedules

All DTP vaccines have one feature - after a certain time after the planned vaccination, immunity is gradually weakened, so a person needs DTP revaccination, that is, a second injection. In the absence of contraindications, the DPT vaccination schedule is as follows:

I vaccination - 3 months;
II vaccination - 4-5 months;
III vaccination - 6 months.

Mandatory condition: the first three doses of the drug should be administered at intervals of at least 30-45 days. With the introduction of subsequent doses, the minimum interval between them should be 4 weeks.

IV vaccination - 18 months;
V vaccination - 6-7 years;
VI vaccination - 14 years.

Further, vaccination is carried out approximately once every ten years. If the dose schedule is violated, DPT vaccines are administered in compliance with the rule described above: that is, three vaccinations are administered after 45 days each, and the next is at least a year later.

DPT vaccines

On the territory of the CIS, there are several registered DPT vaccines, both domestic and imported. Some of them may contain weakened microorganism pathogens other diseases such as poliomyelitis.

Adsorbed tetanus liquid vaccine(Producer - Russia). Whole-cell DTP vaccine, which consists of dead pertussis pathogens and diphtheria and tetanus toxoids. The drug can only be administered to children who have not yet reached the age of four. Adults and children from 4 years of age, as well as those who have been ill with whooping cough, are vaccinated with ADS or ADS-m preparations that do not contain pertussis microorganisms.
Vaccine Infarix(Manufacturer - Belgium, England). Refers to cell-free vaccines that give minimal side effects. There are several types of Infarix vaccine: a vaccine whose components are similar to the DTP vaccine, Infarix IPV (DTP + polio infections), Infarix Hexa vaccine (DTP + polio infections, hepatitis B and Haemophilus influenzae). The drug should be used with caution in people who have problems with blood clotting.
Vaccine Pentaxim(Manufacturer - France). Cell-free vaccine that protects the body against DTP infections, Haemophilus influenzae and poliomyelitis. Due to the minimum number of side effects, the Pentaxim vaccine is considered an excellent alternative to domestic whole-cell vaccines.
Vaccine Tetracoccus(Manufacturer - France). Whole-cell inactivated vaccine for the prevention of DTP infections and poliomyelitis. It is considered one of the safest whole cell vaccines, which is highly purified and forms immunity in 95% of vaccinated patients.
Vaccine Bubo-Kok . A combined preparation consisting of the antigen of the causative agent of hepatitis B, obtained by a recombinant method (using genetic engineering), as well as killed microbes of whooping cough, tetanus and diphtheria toxoids. The vaccine is not recommended for children born to mothers who are carriers of the hepatitis B virus.

In our country, DPT and polio are usually given together, except when the child is vaccinated according to an individual schedule. Read more about setting up DTP + poliomyelitis

Vaccine safety

Like all medicines and vaccines, DPT can cause side effects. It should be noted that cell-free vaccines containing microbial particles are considered safer and more easily tolerated than whole cell preparations containing whole microorganisms. That is why the main task of parents is to choose the type of vaccine that will be as safe as possible for the baby.

immune response

The immune response of the body to the DPT vaccine is strong enough that it is considered the most serious vaccination on the calendar. As a result of vaccination, approximately 92-96% of vaccinated patients develop antibodies to the relevant infectious diseases. In particular, one month after three vaccinations, the level of antibodies to diphtheria and tetanus toxins in 99% of vaccinated children is more than 0.1 IU / ml.

How long does post-vaccination immunity last?

Post-vaccination immunity to infectious diseases largely depends on the type and characteristics of the DTP vaccine. Usually, immunity after vaccinations carried out according to the schedule lasts up to about 5 years, after which the child needs DPT revaccination. Subsequently, it is sufficient to carry out immunization approximately once every 10 years. Generally speaking, almost every child after being vaccinated with DPT is considered to be well protected from pertussis, tetanus and diphtheria viruses.

Preparation for vaccination

Since the DTP vaccine is a serious burden on the body, it is very important to properly prepare the baby for immunization before administering DPT to a child in order to reduce the risk of complications in a child after DTP vaccination.

Before routine immunization visit children's specialists, in particular, a neuropathologist, since most often complications after this vaccination occur in children with disorders of the nervous system.
Necessary take tests blood and urine to make sure that there are no diseases that can complicate the child's condition after the injection.
If the baby has had any infection (for example, SARS), then from the moment of absolute recovery to the moment of administration of the drug, at least two weeks should pass.
Children who are prone to allergic reactions should start maintenance antihistamines about three days before the DTP vaccination.
Immediately before vaccination, the child should be examined by a pediatrician and adequately assess its condition.

Read more about preparing for vaccination.

Body reactions and side effects

An adverse reaction to DPT vaccination is observed in about a third of patients, and the peak of such reactions occurs at the third dose of the vaccine - it is during this period that intensive immunity formation occurs.

The reaction to the DTP vaccination manifests itself within three days after the introduction of the vaccine. It should be noted that any symptoms that appear after this period are not related to vaccination. Normal reactions to the injection, which resolve within two to three days after taking antipyretics and antihistamines, include the following:

Temperature rise. The temperature after DPT vaccination can rise to 38 °, so about two to three hours after the injection, doctors recommend giving the child a small dose of antipyretic. If the temperature rises again in the evening, it is necessary to repeat the antipyretic (the interval between taking the drugs should be at least 8 hours).
Changes in behavior. A child after DTP can be restless, whimpering and even screaming piercingly for several hours: this reaction is usually associated with pain after an injection. In other cases, the baby, on the contrary, may look lethargic and slightly inhibited.
Redness and swelling at the injection site. A normal reaction is swelling of less than 5 cm and redness of less than 8 cm. In this case, the child may feel pain at the injection site, and as if protecting the leg from other people's touches.

Strong adverse reactions include a significant increase in temperature (up to 40 ° C) and above, short febrile convulsions, significant local swelling and redness (more than 8 cm), diarrhea, and vomiting. In this case, the child should be shown to the doctor as soon as possible.

Finally, in rare cases, complex allergic reactions are noted: rash, urticaria, Quincke's edema, and sometimes anaphylactic shock. Usually they appear in the first 20-30 minutes. after the injection, so during this time it is recommended to be near the medical facility in order to be able to immediately provide the child with the necessary assistance.

Read about actions after vaccination.

Contraindications to DTP

There are general and temporary contraindications to DPT vaccination. General contraindications, in which case a medical exemption for vaccination is given, include:

Progressive disorders of the nervous system;
Severe reactions to previous vaccinations;
History of afebrile seizures (that is, those that were not caused by high fever), as well as febrile seizures associated with previous vaccine administrations;
Immunodeficiency;
Hypersensitivity or intolerance to any components of vaccines.

If you have one of the above violations, you should definitely consult with specialists, since in the presence of some of them, children can receive a dose of DTP vaccine that does not contain pertussis toxoids, which are the main source of severe side effects.

In some cases, encephalopathy, prematurity, low weight or diathesis are considered contraindications to vaccination. In this case, vaccinations are recommended during periods of stabilization of the child's condition, using cell-free vaccines with a high degree of purification for this.

Temporary contraindications to DPT vaccination are any infectious diseases, fever and exacerbation of chronic diseases. In such a situation, vaccination should be done no less than two weeks after the absolute recovery of the child.

Video - “DTP vaccination. Dr. Komarovsky"

Have you and your child had a positive or negative experience with DTP vaccination? Share in the comments below.

Doctors call the DTP vaccine the most important for children's immunization, because it instills immunity in a complex to 3 dangerous infectious diseases: diphtheria, whooping cough and tetanus. Regardless of which vaccine a child or adult will be vaccinated with, vaccination is carried out according to the same scheme for each age. For children up to a year, these are three vaccinations with an interval of one and a half months, starting from the age of 3 months, followed by revaccination in a year and a half. Older children (according to the schedule of 7 and 14 years old) and adults should be vaccinated with another drug, without the pertussis component, or with one of the imported DTP. Let's analyze all the available drugs in more detail to figure out which DTP vaccine is still better.

domestic vaccine

In Russia, the drug is produced by NPK Microgen. The drug meets all the necessary requirements for the quality and effectiveness of immunization. In its composition, the drug contains three main components: toxoids of diphtheria and tetanus pathogens and cells of inactivated (dead) whooping cough. They act according to the principle standard for all vaccines - when they enter the bloodstream, they cause a stress reaction of the immune system, which produces antibodies to dangerous components. Subsequently, these antibodies prevent the real infection from spreading in the body. Despite numerous controversies surrounding domestic DTP, it is effective and completely safe. However, the vaccine cannot be completely harmless to the body, and the domestic drug is far from in the first place here: it contains harmful substances merthiolate and formalin. In addition, whole cells of pertussis, which are an immunogenerating component, have a high stress effect on the immune system and the body as a whole, as a result of which children or people with weakened immunity can get sick or experience unpleasant post-vaccination reactions.

Feel free to ask your doctor about which vaccine to choose in an unusual situation.

DTP from NPK Microgen is produced in glass medical ampoules, 5 or 10 pieces in a cardboard cellular package. Each ampoule contains 0.5 ml of the drug, which is one standard dose for vaccination. The kit always comes with instructions and a special knife for opening ampoules. The main argument in favor of vaccinating with a domestic vaccine is the economic benefit: in clinics it is provided free of charge, and in pharmacies it is sold for an amount not exceeding 200 rubles per package (5–10 doses).

Imported vaccines

Vaccines produced in other countries for the prevention of diphtheria, tetanus and whooping cough are also conditionally called DTP, although this is the direct name of the drug produced in Russia. It is worth talking about them in more detail, since each imported vaccine is significantly different from the Russian one. The main difference is the absence of formalin and merthiolate in the composition (these substances are prohibited for use in preparations in the EU and the USA) and the cell-free technology for the production of the anti-pertussis component. Such features of the composition significantly reduce possible post-vaccination reactions, such as fever, swelling, rash, convulsions, and negate the chance of an allergic reaction. In addition, many imported DTP vaccines are designed in combination against other dangerous infections, polio, hepatitis, etc. The immune response (vaccination efficiency) is 2-3% lower than that of the Russian vaccine, however, taking into account revaccination, there is practically no difference .

Infanrix

The most popular vaccine after DPT, is used everywhere both from 3 months of age and by adults. The vaccine is produced on the basis of cell-free technology, without the content of merthiolate and formalin, and the reactogenicity is at the lowest level among imported preparations. The drug is sold only in pharmacies and vaccination rooms (in combination with the vaccination service), the price varies from 450 to 600 rubles (one dose). The drug is packaged in disposable syringes, complete with needles in accordance with the dosage, which has a positive effect on the convenience and speed of vaccination. The syringes are also aseptically hermetically sealed, which eliminates the possibility of contamination by non-sterile medical instruments. Doctors recommend vaccinating with this particular vaccine for babies with poor health or allergic reactions to DPT components. The drug is produced in Belgium, the world famous company GlaxoSmithKline.

Infanrix Hexa

This drug outwardly differs from the previous one by the presence in the package of a separate suspension with a vaccine against hepatitis B. The composition of the main vaccine also contains immunogenerating substances against pathogens of poliomyelitis and hemophilic infections. The possibility of joint simultaneous vaccination of whooping cough, polio, hemophilic infection, tetanus and diphtheria simultaneously with hepatitis is very convenient - this allows you to do fewer vaccinations and not worry about the interaction and quality of the drugs.

Remember: more expensive is not always better. Infanrix Hexa costs quite an impressive amount, however, the anti-hepatitis component in its composition is far from always needed!

It is best used at the age of 6 months, when the DPT vaccination schedule coincides with the hepatitis B vaccination. In addition, during the period from the 3rd to the 6th month of a child's life, the vaccination for Haemophilus influenzae and polio is carried out. Proper use of the vaccine, with doctor's approval, can cut the number of injections needed by half. The antihepatitis component in the package is in a dry form and is mixed in one syringe with the main suspension immediately before injection. It is important that no other vaccines and components can be administered in this way at the same time - only the components of Infanrix Hex. The approximate cost of the vaccine is 500-600 rubles. The package contains only one dose of the vaccine, in an aseptic and hermetically sealed disposable syringe.

Tetraxim

Complex French preparation from the Sanofi pasteur company. It is also a complex vaccine containing an additional anti-polio component. Like Infanrix, it is made on the basis of cell-free technology, without merthiolate and formalin. Packed in metered sealed syringes, one dose per package. The cost exceeds 700 rubles, however, the quality of the drug is considered the highest compared to other vaccines. You can be sure that after vaccination there will be no negative reaction.

Pentaxim

By analogy with Infanrix and Infanrix, Hexa is a variation of the usual Pentaxim. The only difference is the presence of a component that generates immunity to hemophilic infection. There is no need to mix the components of the vaccine, they are ready-made in one syringe. The approximate cost of the drug is 1 thousand rubles. You can make injections with this drug at any time, this will not violate the vaccination schedule against other infections.

Final comparison

In order to simplify the question of which vaccine is still better to choose, let's summarize the differences in DPT preparations. As already mentioned, the main difference between imported drugs is the technology of their production. Imported vaccines completely exclude merthiolate and formalin, which most often cause a negative reaction of the body to vaccination. Among such reactions, there can be both a seal at the site of vaccination for 3-4 days, and a significant increase in temperature, which will have to be knocked down with antipyretics. The absence of pertussis cells (imported vaccines use parts of the cell walls, which does not cause any stress for the body, but provides the desired reaction of the immune system) is also a positive factor that reduces the likelihood of a disease after vaccination or an allergic reaction. Despite the fact that Russian companies have already developed a non-lethal composition of the DPT vaccine and are working on a cell-free one, the quality of these vaccines leaves much to be desired, and besides, they are not provided free of charge in hospitals.

The second advantage of imported vaccinations is their convenience: firstly, combined formulations that can instill immunity immediately from a complex of various infections, and secondly, the dosage and packaging of drugs in syringes, which greatly simplifies the injection process and eliminates the risk of infection if asepsis rules are not followed in polyclinic. In addition, a syringe ready for injection and detailed instructions allow even unqualified people to be vaccinated if necessary. It is important for many parents to reduce the number of vaccinations to a minimum, even if at a high cost, for example, if the child does not tolerate injections.

Whatever vaccine you decide to vaccinate at the required time, make sure that the drug is authentic and that its storage conditions are observed.

The most obvious and, perhaps, the only drawback of imported vaccines is the price factor. If vaccinations are made exclusively with foreign preparations, the price of immunological procedures increases to several thousand a year. While conventional DTP is always provided by local clinics within the time limits set by the national vaccination schedule.

The consequences of various kinds of vaccinations How many days does the temperature last after DTP and polio vaccination

Reviews: 18

Issues related to the vaccination of a child against infectious diseases are of concern to all parents. One of the first vaccinations that a baby receives at a very early age is the DTP vaccine. That is why the greatest number of questions arise - what could be the reaction to the DTP vaccination, how to prepare the child for the introduction of the vaccine, and how to respond to certain changes in the health status of the baby after vaccination. It is also the most talked about vaccine, as most children react to DTP with fever and sometimes other symptoms.

Let us consider in detail everything related to the drug itself, the rules for its use and possible reactions to the DTP vaccine in children.

What diseases do DTP

What is the DTP vaccine for? The vaccine contains components from three dangerous infections of bacterial origin - pertussis, diphtheria and tetanus. Therefore, the abbreviation of the name stands for - adsorbed pertussis-diphtheria-tetanus vaccine.

Whooping cough is a rapidly spreading infection that is dangerous mainly for children. It is very difficult for babies. It is complicated by damage to the respiratory system and proceeds with pneumonia, severe cough, convulsions. In the first half of the 20th century, whooping cough was a significant part of the causes of infant mortality.
Diphtheria. A bacterial disease that causes severe inflammation of the upper respiratory tract. Fibrinous effusions and films form in the larynx and trachea, which can lead to suffocation and death.
Tetanus is a soil infection, a person becomes infected when bacteria enter the wound lesions of the skin. It is manifested by a violation of muscle innervation and convulsions. Without specific treatment, the risk of death is high.

The first vaccines were given to children in the 1940s. Today, several drugs are allowed for use on the territory of the Russian Federation, but the main one, which is included in the vaccination calendar, is the Russian-made vaccine of the Federal State Unitary Enterprise NPO Microgen of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. This DTP manufacturer uses a pertussis component that is made up of inactivated pertussis germs. The DPT vaccine has an analogue of foreign production - Infanrix, as well as similar combined vaccines containing antigens and other infections.

The composition of the DTP vaccine includes:

pertussis component - killed whooping cough bacteria at a concentration of 20 billion microbial bodies per 1 ml;
tetanus toxoid - 30 units;
diphtheria toxoid - 10 units;
"Merthiolate" is used as a preservative.

The pertussis component of the vaccine is the most reactogenic as it contains whole cells of whooping cough bacillus (Bordetella pertussis). It causes the development of immunity to the bacteria that causes the disease.

Tetanus and diphtheria have a special course. To protect against these diseases, it is necessary that the body has protection not so much from microbes as from the toxins that they produce. Therefore, the composition of the vaccine does not include the pathogens themselves, but their toxins.

Vaccination Schedule

When is DTP done? According to the National Immunization Schedule, the DTP vaccination schedule is as follows.

The DPT vaccine is given to children three times at 3, 4½, and 6 months of age.
The interval between injections should be 30-45 days. If for some reason the first vaccination was missed, then they start from the current moment, observing intervals of one and a half months.
Children over four years of age are given the vaccine without the pertussis component.

The maximum interval between vaccinations is 45 days, but if for some reason the administration of the drug was missed, then the second and third vaccinations are given as far as possible - there is no need to do an extra vaccination.

DPT revaccination is carried out in the following terms: in a year at the age of one and a half years. If the first injection of the DPT vaccine was made later than three months, then revaccination is carried out 12 months after the third injection.

Adults are vaccinated with DTP only if they have not previously been vaccinated in childhood. Conduct a course of three injections with an interval of one and a half months.

At the age of 7 and 14, children are revaccinated against tetanus and diphtheria using the ADS-M vaccine or its analogues. Such revaccinations are necessary to maintain the amount of antibodies and immunity at the proper level.

Adults are vaccinated against tetanus and diphtheria every ten years.

Description of instructions for use

The DPT vaccine is a white or yellowish suspension packaged in ampoules. Ampoules are packed into cardboard boxes on 10 pieces.

According to the instructions for the use of DPT, the drug is intended to create immunity to whooping cough, tetanus and diphtheria in children. All children under four years of age should receive four doses of the vaccine. Children who have been ill with whooping cough and have natural immunity to it are given a vaccine without a pertussis component (ADS, ADS-M).

Where is the DPT vaccine given? It is placed intramuscularly in the thigh (quadriceps), and in older children, the injection is made in the shoulder. Intravenous administration of the DTP vaccine is not allowed.

The DTP vaccine can be combined with other vaccinations from the national calendar by injecting into different parts of the body. The only exception is the BCG vaccination, it is given separately, observing a certain interval.

Contraindications for DTP

What are the contraindications for the DPT vaccine and when should not be vaccinated? Contraindications are quite numerous.

People often ask, is it possible to do DTP during teething? Yes, it does not threaten the baby and does not affect the development of immunity. An exception is if the baby's teething is accompanied by a rise in temperature. In this case, the vaccination is postponed until it is normalized.

How to prepare your child for DTP vaccination

Since the DTP vaccine causes a large number of post-vaccination reactions and complications, this vaccination requires careful attention from parents and doctors. Here's how to prepare your child for the DPT shot.

By the time of vaccination, the child must be examined by all the necessary specialists and not have a medical exemption from them.
The child must be healthy, have good blood counts. Do I need to be tested before DTP vaccination? Yes, it is necessary. Also, the doctor should conduct a complete examination of the baby and listen to all mother's complaints.
If the baby has a predisposition to allergies - diathesis, rashes - a doctor's consultation is necessary. Most often, in this case, the vaccine is given against the background of the preventive administration of antihistamines (often doctors prescribe Fenistil before DTP vaccination). The drug and dosage is selected by the doctor, you can not independently prescribe the medicine crumbs.

Preparation for DTP vaccination of parents immediately before vaccination includes the following.

Do I need to give the child "Suprastin" before the DTP vaccination? Without a doctor's prescription, you can not give any such drugs. Although their intake does not affect the development of immunity, the WHO recommends that children should not be given antihistamines before preparing for vaccinations.

Care after vaccination

How to care for a baby after DTP vaccination? Here are some of the most frequently asked questions by parents.

Do I need to give antipyretics after DTP vaccination? Yes, doctors recommend doing this as a preventive measure, without waiting for the temperature to rise. They can be used in the form of syrup, tablets or suppositories. It is best to put a candle with ibuprofen at night for the baby.
Is it possible to walk after DTP vaccination? There are no outdoor restrictions. After visiting the vaccination room, sit in the corridor for a while (15-20 minutes) in case of a severe allergic reaction. Then you can take a short walk. Walks are canceled only if there is a temperature or other general reaction to the vaccination.
When can I bathe a child after DTP vaccination? On the day of vaccination, it is better to refrain from swimming. In the early days, try not to wet the injection site, but it's okay if water gets on the wound - do not rub it with a washcloth and do not wash it with soap.
Is it possible to do massage after DTP vaccination? There are no direct contraindications, but usually massage therapists recommend abstaining for 2-3 days. You can either shift the massage course or postpone the vaccination for a few days until the massage is over.

On the day of vaccination and three days after it, you need to carefully monitor the health of the baby, if necessary, measure body temperature.

Possible reactions to the DTP vaccine

According to various sources, from 30 to 50% of children, one way or another, react to the DPT vaccination. What reactions are considered normal and how to help the baby cope with them? Most of all symptoms occur in the first 24 hours after the injection, but the reaction can occur within three days. It should be noted that if the symptoms appeared later than three days after vaccination (fever, diarrhea, acute respiratory infections), then this is no longer a reaction to the DTP vaccine, but an independent infection, which, unfortunately, is easy to catch after a trip to our clinics.

There are local and general reactions to DTP vaccination. Local include changes in the skin and subcutaneous tissues at the injection site.

A slight redness forms at the injection site after DTP vaccination. What to do? If the speck is small, then you should not worry. Such a reaction is typical of the introduction of a foreign agent. In a day or a little more, the redness will disappear.
Also, a seal after DPT vaccination is considered a normal reaction. What to do in this case? To speed up resorption, lubricate the swelling with Troxevasin gel. The lump and bump should resolve within 10-14 days. A bump at the injection site can also form if part of the vaccine was mistakenly injected into the subcutaneous tissue. In this case, the resorption of the vaccine will be slower, but this will not affect the health of the baby and the formation of immunity.
At the injection site, the baby often feels soreness. It is expressed strongly or weakly, depending on individual sensitivity. Sometimes for this reason, after DTP vaccination, the child limps, as it protects the sore leg. Applying ice to the injection site will help relieve the baby's condition. If the pain does not go away for a long time, then consult a doctor.

Common reactions include systemic manifestations, including those of an allergic nature.

Other reactions to the DTP vaccine include decreased appetite, restless behavior, nervousness, moodiness, and drowsiness.

Temperature and allergic reactions develop more often in response to the second administration of the DPT vaccine, when the body is already familiar with its antigens. Therefore, how the second DTP is tolerated, one can judge how the child will tolerate subsequent vaccinations. In case of severe reactions or allergies, DTP is replaced with lighter analogues or the introduction of the pertussis component is completely excluded.

When to see a doctor

In rare cases, a child develops a severe reaction to a DPT shot. This situation requires immediate medical attention. Take your baby to the hospital or call the pediatrician if the following signs appear:

persistent crying lasting more than three hours;
swelling at the injection site larger than 8 cm in diameter;
temperature above 39 ° C, which is not brought down by antipyretics.

Also, you should consult a doctor if you have symptoms characteristic of complications of DTP.

Complications of the DTP vaccine

Typical reactions to the DTP vaccine go away without a trace within a few days. But the complications and side effects differ in that they require treatment and can cause serious harm to the health of the child. What is the danger of DPT vaccination in this regard?

DPT analogues

The domestic DTP vaccine is given to children free of charge according to the vaccination schedule. At the request of parents, foreign-made paid vaccines can be used instead. Their common advantage is that they do not contain mercury compounds as preservatives.

One of the analogues of DPT is the Tetracoccus vaccine. It additionally includes an inactivated polio virus. However, judging by the reviews, the drug has a similar reactogenicity to DTP.

To reduce the likelihood of adverse reactions to vaccination, imported DTP analogues are used, made on the basis of a cell-free pertussis component.
These include:

Infanrix, manufactured by GlaxoSmithKline;
"Infanrix IPV" (added polio);
Infanrix Hexa (plus polio, hepatitis B and Hib);
"Pentaxim" manufactured by "Sanofi Aventis Pasteur", France - from five diseases (whooping cough, tetanus, diphtheria, poliomyelitis and Hib infection).

In conclusion, we can say that DTP vaccination is one of the most serious vaccinations, often causing post-vaccination reactions. The child must be prepared for vaccination in advance, undergo all the necessary examinations, and, if necessary, get advice from specialists. DTP vaccination is carried out only for healthy children, after which the baby is carefully monitored for three days. In the event of an increase in temperature, antipyretics are given, and with the development of signs of a strong reaction, they consult a doctor.

You can rate this article:

In fact, this vaccination was canceled in many countries! And in Russia they do, this is a very dangerous vaccine, I would not give it to my children !!!

Do not do this, only then do not complain if your child gets sick and the doctors cannot do anything! You made the decision not to vaccinate your child!
I am amazed at modern mothers, do you want the return of epidemics of such serious diseases? When did entire cities die? Poliomyelitis should have been eradicated by the year 2000, but because of such “anti-vaccination moms”, the danger of this disease still exists!

154+

Razil, poliomyelitis has not been registered in the Russian Federation since 1998. But this is so, as information. To believe that epidemics of infectious diseases are caused by the failure to vaccinate is a rare folly. Read at least some information and scientific (!) Literature on this topic. Of course, it is much more difficult to read, study, analyze, fish out information bit by bit among campaign cries and pseudo-statistics than to aggressively attack those who have a different opinion on this issue. I do not dare to think that I will make you even for a moment think about this topic. Well, let me ask at least one question: Do you really think that it is possible to exterminate all infectious diseases and get a “sterile” world?! Epidemics must be prevented, and there are many other ways besides the questionably effective and dangerous vaccination.

My son miraculously survived after DPT.
The consequences are for life!
An encephalopathic reaction, a terrible thing! Three days fought for the life of my child!

In a month we got our first vaccination. After it, we lost our appetite, although more than one doctor said that this was a reaction to DTP. For feeding the child ate 20 gr. Then Elkar was prescribed to us and the appetite gradually returned, the baby began to eat and gain weight, for 2 months without appetite, the child gained 180 grams. At 4.5 we were re-vaccinated, the reaction is the same, the child refuses to eat. Our pediatrician said it wasn't because of the vaccine. It turns out he's just LOW. Soon we are 6 months old, the time for 3 vaccinations is coming, I don’t even know what to do. And when I told the doctors about the analogue, they told me not to invent and spend money.

For the first time I hear that the DTP vaccination is done in a month.

They made the second injection of the Akds at 6 months, after 18 days he began to wipe the pus from the point from the injection. What to do?

Asthma started after vaccination at 4 years old
👏👏👏

In the first grade, they got vaccinated, in the place where the injection was given (buttock) everything was swollen, reddened, and then a rash began. Now we are studying in the 3rd grade on the priest and thighs with a rash, no matter how they treat it, including hormonal ointments, the result is zero ... What should I do?

When the question of the need for vaccination against diphtheria, tetanus and whooping cough is resolved (exactly), parents face a new task: to decide on the vaccine. The domestic vaccine is considered the most severe for the child's body, so parents are trying to choose the safest option from imported analogues. Is the imported DTP vaccine really better than the domestic one, is it easier to tolerate and worth the money?

What are the options

The domestic DPT vaccine is a mixture of 3 components: killed whooping cough, inactivated diphtheria and tetanus toxins. It belongs to whole-cell vaccines, and it is precisely because of the presence of the killed pertussis component that it is considered the most dangerous, since after such an injection there is a higher chance of developing complications.

Name of imported vaccines most common on the Russian market:

Infanrix (Belgium): toxoid is used instead of pertussis germs to ensure that the child responds easily to the vaccine. An immune response after vaccination occurs in 88% of cases.
Infanrix-Geksa (Belgium): an additional component for poliomyelitis and hepatitis B is included.
Pentaxim (France): includes components for poliomyelitis and Haemophilus influenzae.

Cell-free (purified) vaccines are considered safer for children. The number of vaccinations does not depend on the choice of drug, and they are performed according to the national vaccination schedule.

Attention! The most important thing before vaccination: the child must be completely healthy.

An imported or domestic vaccine does not guarantee a bad or good reaction of the child's body, you should know about everything in advance. It happens that children tolerate domestic vaccination well, and lie at home with a temperature of 40 degrees after the introduction of an imported drug.

There are also Russian analogues of the DPT vaccine, for example, the drug Bubo-kok. It contains a component against hepatitis B, which equalizes it in terms of the concentration of harmful substances with the usual DPT vaccine.

What is the price

Vaccination with a domestic vaccine is carried out by city polyclinics free of charge. The drug is paid from the state budget. Other drugs are paid for by the parents. You can find out how much an imported DTP vaccine costs in pharmacies or by contacting private clinics.

Approximate cost of vaccination in a private clinic:

Pentaxim - 3600-5000 rubles;
Infanrix - 2000-3500 rubles;
Infanrix-Geksa - 3600-5500 rubles.

Do not forget to check the availability of the necessary vaccinations in advance by calling the medical centers.

Remember! Each private clinic or vaccination room usually includes the cost of vaccinations for services, so the price range can be very large.

The question of where to get vaccinated often occupies parents. If the choice is on the usual DTP vaccine, it can be done at any children's city clinic after being examined by a pediatrician and passing the necessary tests.

City polyclinics usually refuse to give an injection with a self-purchased drug, because the polyclinic staff do not know if the vaccine was stored correctly. It is strictly forbidden to inject a vaccine with violations of storage rules to a child.

If an imported vaccine was chosen by the parents, it is necessary to find out about its availability by calling medical centers on their own. If a child has been observed from birth not by a local pediatrician, but in a private clinic, you can seek advice from your doctor.

Important! If a child is observed in a city clinic, but the parents decide to vaccinate him with an imported drug, they have the right to write a refusal to vaccinate with a domestic DPT vaccine and contact another medical institution.

The decision to vaccinate and choose the drug is made only by parents. It is important that the vaccination information is included in the child's vaccination certificate.

Where is the injection

Domestic and imported vaccines are administered intramuscularly into the outer region of the thigh. The injection is not placed subcutaneously or in the buttocks, because the fat layer interferes with the normal absorption of the drug. Children older than one and a half years are allowed to administer the drug into the deltoid muscle, from 7 years old - into the scapular region.

Which vaccine to choose

There is no single answer as to which DTP vaccine is better than imported or domestic. Not a single doctor can say with certainty how the child will react to the introduction of a domestic drug, whether the baby will be worse from an imported vaccine.

When choosing, parents can proceed from considerations of a different nature:

whether they can afford to give their child several expensive injections;
whether their baby is guaranteed safety when choosing an imported vaccine;
whether they will be able to be vaccinated with the drug of their choice in a few months (taking into account interruptions in the supply of imported vaccines to the territory of Russia);
whether they can give the baby an injection with another drug in the absence of the initial one they have chosen.

Many children tolerate the domestic DPT vaccination without fever, redness, or induration at the injection site. Some children had a high temperature and increased swelling at the injection site from imported drugs.

Remember! Making your child safe by choosing an inactivated vaccine does not guarantee complete safety for their health.

You can keep your child safe by following a few simple rules:

a ban on vaccination at the time of illness and within 2 weeks after it;
examination by a doctor and passing the necessary tests;
taking antihistamines a few days before and after vaccination;
do not allow the introduction of new dishes into the diet of the baby and the nursing mother a week before and after the procedure;
limit the child's access to crowded places and playgrounds 2 days before vaccination and 3 days after it;
do not vaccinate babies with neurological disorders, exacerbations of chronic diseases.

Caring for the health of the child is in the hands of the parents. Making the right choice sometimes seems simply impossible. If the baby is healthy, he will most likely respond equally to domestic and imported vaccines.

What is the best DTP vaccine available on the market?

domestic vaccine

Feel free to ask your doctor about which vaccine to choose in an unusual situation.

Imported vaccines

Infanrix

Infanrix Hexa

Remember: more expensive is not always better. Infanrix Hexa costs quite an impressive amount, however, the anti-hepatitis component in its composition is far from always needed!

Tetraxim

Pentaxim

Final comparison

Whatever vaccine you decide to vaccinate at the required time, make sure that the drug is authentic and that its storage conditions are observed.

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The opinion of Dr. Komarovsky on the DTP vaccination

DTP vaccination is most often discussed by parents of babies. Hundreds of thousands of mothers and fathers speak for and against this vaccination on numerous Internet sites. Some tell scary stories about how a child with a high temperature was vaccinated, others say that they did not notice any reaction in their child at all to the introduction of a biological drug.

DTP has its opponents and supporters, and quite often the question is raised whether it is necessary to do DTP at all. On this topic, quite often it is necessary to give a qualified answer to the well-known pediatrician of the highest category in Russia and in the former CIS countries, Yevgeny Komarovsky.

The DTP vaccination is one of the very first in a child's life, it is done at an early age, and therefore the very fact of this vaccination raises many questions and doubts among the parents of infants. The name of the vaccine consists of the first letters of the names of the three most dangerous infectious diseases for children - whooping cough (K), diphtheria (D) and tetanus (C). The letter A in the abbreviation means "adsorbed". In other words, the vaccine contains the maximum amount of active substances obtained by adsorption (when a high concentration is achieved from a gas or liquid at the contact surface of two media).

Thus, the adsorbed pertussis-diphtheria-tetanus vaccine (DPT) is designed to stimulate the production of specific antibodies to the listed infections in the baby's body. The immune system will “get acquainted” with the microbes that cause whooping cough, diphtheria and tetanus, and in the future, if such pests enter the body, it will be able to quickly identify, recognize and destroy them.

DTP includes several types of biological material:

Diphtheria toxoid. This is a biological material derived from a toxin, but does not have independent toxic properties. The dose of the vaccine is 30 units.
Tetanus toxoid. A laboratory-derived drug based on a toxin that affects the body with tetanus. By itself, it is non-toxic. DTP contains 10 units.
Pertussis microbes. These are the real whooping cough pathogens, only pre-killed and inactive. In 1 ml of DTP vaccine there are about 20 billion of them.

Diphtheria and tetanus toxoids are introduced into the composition of the drug, because for a child it is not so much the causative agents of these ailments that are terrible, but their toxins, which begin to be produced as soon as the microbes are activated in the child's body. Dead whooping cough is the most active component of the drug, it is to him that children often have a reaction after vaccination.

DTP is included in the National Immunization Calendar, which implies certain vaccination periods, which Dr. Komarovsky strongly advises against violating. Children do it three times. The first time the baby reaches three months of age. Then at 4.5 months and at six months. If the first vaccination for some reason did not take place (the child was sick, quarantine for influenza or SARS was declared), then they begin to vaccinate him from the current moment, strictly observing the interval between vaccinations from 30 to 45 days).

Revaccination should take place one year after the third injection. If the baby is on schedule, then at one and a half years, if the first vaccination was given to him later than the due date, then 12 months after the third vaccination.

The child will have to face DTP at the age of seven, and then at the age of 14, these will be one-time revaccinations necessary to ensure that the level of antibodies to tetanus and diphtheria is maintained at the proper level.

Children who are already 4 years old, as well as older children, if necessary, are given an ADS vaccine devoid of pertussis killed microbes. Children who have already had whooping cough will also be vaccinated with the same vaccine.

DPT can be combined with other vaccinations given to the baby according to the National Calendar. However, simultaneous administration with BCG is not allowed (this vaccination should be done separately).

For babies, DTP is injected intramuscularly into the thigh, for older children - into the shoulder. Before the age of 4 years, the child should have 4 vaccinations.

Yevgeny Komarovsky advises worried and doubting parents to carefully read the issue, and advises those who oppose vaccination in general to reconsider their views. Since DPT, according to the doctor, is a highly effective way to protect the baby from diseases dangerous to his health and the only reasonable choice for moms and dads.

In this video issue, Dr. Komarovsky will tell us everything he thinks about the need for DPT vaccination

Like any prevention, vaccination with adsorbed pertussis-diphtheria-tetanus vaccine requires some preparation and readiness of parents for possible problems. However, they are quite surmountable, emphasizes Komarovsky, if you follow a certain algorithm of actions.

First of all, parents should be aware of which manufacturer's vaccine their child will be vaccinated with. Today, there are many such drugs, they have their pros and cons, but there are no frankly bad vaccines on the pharmaceutical market at the moment. Parents are in no way able to influence the choice of the vaccine, since the drug is imported centrally to polyclinics. DPT vaccination, which is given free of charge.

And now let's listen to Dr. Komarovsky on the topic of complications after vaccinations

However, moms and dads can go the other way and ask the pediatrician to vaccinate the baby with Tetracocom and Infanrix, these drugs are expensive, and such a vaccination is done solely at the expense of the parents. Komarovsky, based on personal experience, claims that there are a lot of children who get whooping cough after a timely DTP. However, in his practice there were only isolated cases of this disease in children vaccinated with Infanrix or Tetrakok.

The reaction to Tetrakok is sometimes stronger than after DPT. Infanrix is much better tolerated by most children. Komarovsky does not exclude the use of Pentaxim, as this vaccine contains additional biological preparations against poliomyelitis.

At the time of vaccination, the child must be perfectly healthy. It is for this baby that the pediatrician always examines before the injection. But the doctor sees your child less often and less than the parents, and therefore careful monitoring of the child's condition by mom and dad will help the doctor decide if the right time has come to administer the vaccine.

And here is the video where Dr. Komarovsky will tell you when you can’t get vaccinated

Do not get vaccinated with DTP if the child has signs of SARS, a runny nose, cough, or if he has a fever. If the baby has previously had convulsions that are in no way associated with high fever, the vaccine should not be given. If the previous procedure caused a severe allergic reaction in the little one, a high temperature (over 40.0), Komarovsky also advises to refrain from DTP vaccination. With great care, the doctor should decide on the vaccination of a baby whose medical record contains marks on the presence of serious immune diseases.

If the baby has a runny nose for a long time, but at the same time the appetite is excellent and there are no other symptoms of the disease, Komarovsky is sure that rhinitis in this case will not be a contraindication to vaccination.

If the time has come to inject the vaccine, and the child is teething with might and main, and his condition is far from perfect, you can vaccinate him. Limitation one - high temperature. In this case, the procedure is postponed for a while until the condition of the crumbs becomes stable. If there is no heat, then AKSD will not harm the baby, who plans to acquire the first teeth soon.

Yevgeny Komarovsky emphasizes that it is the parents who should first of all assess the condition of the baby, and if in doubt, be sure to tell the doctor about them at the next appointment.

It is advisable to do a complete blood count a few days before the expected date of vaccination. The results of such a study will help the pediatrician understand whether everything is in order with the baby.

For children with allergic dermatitis, Komarovsky advises doing DTP only after no new skin rashes have appeared for 21 days. Previously, a child prone to severe allergies can be given an antihistamine, the name of which and the exact dosage should be prescribed by a pediatrician. Self-activity in this matter is unforgivable. However, Evgeny Olegovich advises not to take "Suprastin" and "Tavegil", since these drugs "dry" the mucous membranes, and this is fraught with complications after an injection into the respiratory tract.

Monitor your child's bowel movements. The day before the vaccination, on the day and the next day, the baby should walk in a big way so that the intestines are not overloaded. This helps the baby to survive DTP more easily. If there was no stool, you can do an enema a day before going to the clinic or give the child age-appropriate laxatives.

It will be better if the mother reduces the amount of food during these three days, reduces its calorie content and does not overfeed the child. For artificial infants, Komarovsky recommends diluting the dry formula at a concentration lower than that declared by the manufacturer, and for those who are breastfeeding, he advises them to suck out less milk, giving warm drinking water as a “supplementary feed”. According to Komarovsky's observations, it is precisely those who feed on the breast, and not mixtures, who tolerate the vaccine more easily. Before the injection of the child, it is better not to feed for 2 hours.

Vitamin D, if such a baby takes additionally, should be stopped 3-4 days before the intended vaccination. After vaccination, you need to wait at least five days to start taking the vitamin again.

Do not dress your child too warmly before the clinic. A sweaty baby with a lack of fluid in the body is more likely to be harmed by a vaccine than a baby dressed for the season and weather.

And now let's listen to Dr. Komarovsky on how to prepare for vaccinations.

If, after DTP vaccination, a child has a pronounced reaction, you should not blame the drug manufacturers and the attending pediatrician for this. According to Komarovsky, the matter is solely in the state of health of the baby at the current time.
You can try to reduce the risk of a reaction to a vaccine by carefully approaching the choice of the drug. Infanrix and Tetrakok are sold in Russia, however, Evgeny Olegovich categorically advises parents not to buy them in online pharmacies. After all, there is no guarantee that the vaccine, the cost of which is from 5 thousand rubles per dose and more, was stored correctly and did not violate these rules during transportation and in the process of delivery to the buyer.
To make it easier for a child to tolerate the DPT vaccination, and at the same time all other vaccinations, Komarovsky strongly recommends taking proper care of him, especially during periods of his incidence of viral infections. Do not stuff the baby with pills that suppress the immune defense of the crumbs, but provide such conditions under which the child will develop strong immunity, which makes it easy to cope with both diseases and the consequences of vaccination.
Proper care includes a sufficient stay in the fresh air, a balanced diet rich in vitamins and microelements, the baby does not need to be overfed, dressed up and fed with various medicines with or without reason, Komarovsky believes. The normal lifestyle of the baby is the main secret of successful vaccination.
If a reaction to DTP is manifested (high temperature, lethargy, impaired appetite), you need to prepare preparations at home in advance to normalize the water-salt balance (Rehydron) and antipyretic drugs Ibuprofen and Paracetamol.
Half an hour that the doctor will ask you to spend after vaccination in the corridor of the clinic, Komarovsky recommends spending in the fresh air next to the medical facility, so it will be easier for the baby to endure the “immune training”.

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The composition of the DTP vaccine by the names of the drugs with the characteristics of the components

DTP vaccination is given by introducing a pertussis-diphtheria-tetanus vaccine, which includes a suspension of killed pertussis microbes and diphtheria and tetanus toxoids, which are sorbed on an aluminum hydroxide gel.

Important: Anatoxins are preparations derived from toxins, but devoid of pronounced toxic properties. Such substances contribute to the production of antibodies to the original toxin by the body. Toxoids are obtained by keeping toxins for a long time in a warm and dilute formalin solution.

There are several options for pertussis-diphtheria-tetanus vaccine:

tetanus adsorbed liquid - "AKDS";
"Bubo-Kok";
"Infanrix";
"Pentax";
"Tetrakok".

Russian drug

The domestic pharmaceutical manufacturer FSUE NPO Microgen offers DTP.

Composition of 1 ml of the preparation:

pertussis microbial cells - 20 billion;
diphtheria toxoid - 30 flocculating units (FU);
tetanus toxoid - 10 antitoxin-binding units.

Merthiolate (thiomersal) was used as a preservative. It is an organometallic compound of mercury. It is used against fungus and as an antiseptic, added to soaps, nasal sprays, ophthalmic products, etc. Merthiolate is toxic and is an allergen, mutagen, teratogen and carcinogen. The substance is especially dangerous if it enters the body with food, through the skin or along with inhalation.

66 mg/kg of the substance administered subcutaneously is a lethal dose in mice. In one vaccination dose (standard 0.5 ml) - 0.05 mg of merthiolate. The elimination half-life after the vaccine is given to newborns is 3-7 days. After a month, the level of mercury compounds in the body is reduced to the original.

Thiomersal is banned as a component of a children's vaccine in the European Union, the United States and a number of other countries. Although the results of the studies found that the rejection of preparations containing merthiolate did not affect the incidence of autism in any way, despite claims that there is a direct relationship between the occurrence of this disease and the introduction of mercury compounds to children as a vaccine preservative.

Please note that DTP vaccination is only available up to the age of 3 years 11 months and 29 days. After 4 and up to 5 years, 11 months and 29 days, ADS-anatoxin is used. For children older than 6 years, ADS-m-anatoxin has been created.

The Russian enterprise "Combiotech" has developed and produces the drug "Bubo-Kok", one vaccination dose of which contains:

Bordetella pertussis (pertussis germs killed with formalin) - 10 billion;
tetanus toxoid - 5 EU;
diphtheria toxoid - 15 FU;
HBS-protein (the main surface antigen of the causative agent of hepatitis B) - 5 mcg.

0.01% merthiolate was used as a preservative.

Belgian variants

The composition of 1 dose (0.5 ml) of the Belgian drug Infanrix (INFANRIX ™) from GlaxoSmithKline J07A X:

diphtheria toxoid from Corynebacterium diphteriae - at least 30 MIE;
tetanus toxoid from Clostridium tetani - not less than 40 MIE;
purified pertussis antigens:

detoxified pertussis toxin from Bordetella pertussis - 25 mcg;
filamentous hemagglutinin - 25 mcg;
pertactin (outer membrane protein) - 8 mcg.

Anatoxins are inactivated and purified.

Other components:

aluminum hydroxide and phosphate - the first enhances the body's immune response, the second is necessary to neutralize hydrochloric acid;
2-phenoxyethanol - ethylene glycol monophenyl ether, in large doses affects the central nervous system;
formaldehyde is a preservative, carcinogenic to animals, and possibly to humans;
polysorbate 80 is a low-toxic emulsifier;
sodium chloride - table salt;
water for injections.

The structure of "Infanrix IPV" (INFANRIX ™ IPV) additionally includes inactivated polio viruses, strains:

type 1 (Mahoney);

type 2 (MEF-1);

type 3 (Saukett).

"Infanrix ™ HEXA" (Infanrix ™ HEXA) in addition to polio strains is supplemented with hepatitis B surface antigen.

France

The French from the company SanofiAventis Pasteur offer their analogue of the DTP vaccine - Pentaxim.

The drug is designed to protect the baby not only from diphtheria with whooping cough, as well as tetanus, but also from polio and even hemophilic infection. The latter affects the central nervous system, respiratory organs, can cause purulent foci in the body.

The composition and dosage of one dose of a French-made vaccine in terms of toxoids (diphtheria and tetanus) and pertussis antigen is similar to the Belgian Infanrix.

Also, Pentaxim contains inactivated polio virus:

Type 1 - 40 units;

2 types - 8 units;

3 types - 32 units.

Auxiliary components of the French analogue "AKDS":

aluminum hydroxide - 0.3 mg;
formaldehyde - 12.5 mcg;
Hank's medium - 199 * - 0.05 ml - a complex two-component mixture (Hanks' medium and M 199 medium) of amino acids. Phenol red is excluded from DPT-type preparations;
phenoxyethanol - 2.5 µl - is a carcinogen, it negatively affects the central nervous system, the reproductive system;
water for injection up to 0.5 ml;
acetic acid (possibly sodium hydroxide) - up to pH 6.8 - 7.3.

The composition also includes:

10 mcg Haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide;
42.5 mg sucrose;
0.6 mg trometamol (antiacidemic agent).

Another French version of the DPT vaccine is Tetrakok (manufacturer - Pasteur Meyer Sir & Vaksin), 1 dose of which contains at least:

30 IU of purified diphtheria toxoid;
60 IU of purified tetanus toxoid;
4 IU Bordetella pertussis.

It also includes an inactivated polio vaccine (1, 2, 3 types of strains). As auxiliary substances used:

aluminum hydroxide;
formaldehyde;
2-phenolethanol.

The question of interchangeability and complementarity of drugs

For the first time, a DPT vaccine is given to a person at the age of 3 months. Then it is repeated 2 more times with an interval of one and a half months. Further, the vaccine is given at the age of one and a half years. Then - at 6-7, 14 years old and already adults - anti-diphtheria and anti-tetanus revaccination with ADS-m is performed.

Considering that the composition of the vaccine differs from different manufacturers, it is important to consider for the prevention of which diseases this or that drug is intended, as well as vaccination schedules against specific infections.

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You should not completely refuse DPT vaccination!

Among all vaccinations, the most dangerous is DTP - the general vaccine against diphtheria, tetanus and whooping cough. Why is she dangerous? DTP is dangerous for its consequences, therefore, the decision of whether it is worth doing this vaccination or not, if so, which manufacturer to give preference to, should be treated with due attention.

Deciphering DTP: vaccination against whooping cough, diphtheria, tetanus

History of diphtheria

Diphtheria refers to infectious diseases that are transmitted more often by airborne droplets (coughing or sneezing), less often by contact (through touch).

The incubation period can last up to 5 days, after which the child develops a sore throat, a severe headache, cough, nausea, and the temperature jumps sharply to 39-40 degrees.

At the next stage, dirty white raids may be observed in the throat, due to which the larynx swells and swallowing is difficult, in the worst cases it comes to suffocation.

According to experts - opponents of vaccinations, today diphtheria has come to naught, and the chances of catching diphtheria are the same as being bitten by a cobra. As arguments, they cite a case that was recorded in 1969 in Chicago - during a diphtheria surge, 4 out of 16 patients had a complete immune map.

But despite these data, today millions of parents choose to be vaccinated against these diseases.

History of Whooping Cough

Whooping cough is a contagious bacterial disease that is transmitted by airborne droplets.

The incubation period lasts up to two weeks. The symptoms of the first days are the same as those of a common cold, then a strong cough joins them, which will develop into a paroxysmal one.

Whooping cough is most common in children under two years of age. Vaccination against this disease has been done for several decades, despite this it is one of the controversial issues in medicine.

There are many complaints about its effectiveness. According to Professor Gordon T. Stewart (Scotland), in 1974 he supported this vaccine, but then he watched the vaccinated children fall ill with this disease.

History of tetanus

Tetanus refers to contagious infectious diseases, transmitted by contact, caused by tetanus bacillus toxin, affects the nervous system.

Pathogens can be found in the soil, in the digestive tract of humans and animals. Tetanus is also dangerous with complications - bronchitis, pneumonia, myocardial infarction, sepsis, fractures, vein thrombosis, pulmonary edema.

Many parents who refuse vaccinations agree to be vaccinated against tetanus, since you can even encounter the disease while digging in the country, in the village. Although the disease is more common in tropical countries and in poor hygiene conditions.

History of DTP

The DPT vaccine is given in Russia free of charge to prevent whooping cough, diphtheria, and tetanus in children.

Produced by NPO Microgen in Russia. The composition of the DTP vaccine includes killed pertussis microbes, purified toxoids, tetanus and diphtheria, adsorbed on aluminum hydroxide.

Now let's find out when they put DTP and how many times it is done to babies in Russia.

DTP vaccination schedule plan according to the national calendar

The first DTP vaccination is done at 3 months:

Vaccinations
First DTP vaccination
Second DPT shot	4.5 months
Third DPT shot	6 months
Fourth shot (DPT booster)	18 months

At the fourth stage, pertussis vaccination ends. Against diphtheria and tetanus, it will be necessary to inject at the age of 7 and 14, in adulthood it will be necessary to be vaccinated every 10 years.

Many parents are indignant at such an early vaccination against these diseases, they say, at three months the baby is still too small to subject his immunity to such tests.

In response, doctors argue that these diseases are very dangerous, so the sooner the process begins, the sooner the child will have protection. Whooping cough is a particularly big threat to the baby.

Imported or domestic DTP vaccine? Which is better, paid or free? Let's figure it out.

Which vaccine to choose

It is worth noting that vaccinations against these three diseases are made not only in Russia, but also in Europe, America and Asia. The difference is only in the vaccine preparations themselves, the essence of the issue remains the same - they start in the first months of life and are carried out every one and a half months.

Therefore, it is not worth refusing to vaccinate completely! After all, today you can choose the most effective drug with minimal side effects.

Types of vaccines allowed in Russia and what is included in the vaccine:

DPT is a Russian-made whole-cell vaccine, which is provided by the state free of charge as part of the national vaccination calendar.
Infanrix (diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus) is a cell-free, acellular, purified, inactivated liquid vaccine similar to DTP. The cost is from 1400 rubles.
Infanrix IPV is a combined acellular vaccine for the prevention of diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough (acellular component) and poliomyelitis. The cost is from 1400 rubles.
Pentaxim (France) - acellular vaccine against diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough, poliomyelitis and Haemophilus influenzae. The cost is from 1300 rubles.

Whole-cell vaccines contain dead cells of pathogens, cell-free vaccines contain individual particles of microorganisms. According to the consequences, acellular ones are considered more favorable.

DPT, Pentaxim or Infanrix? Now you know what DTP vaccines are, and which vaccine is better - you choose.

Continuing the topic of vaccinations, vaccination against measles, rubella, mumps is also a very important moment in the life of a baby. Today there is a lot of controversy about whether or not to do this vaccine. Let's figure it out together.

And we cover the symptoms of parotitis in children here. If the child is not vaccinated (especially a boy), then you should know the signs of this disease and how to treat it.

Preparing for DTP vaccination

How to prepare for vaccination? Doctors say that DTP is one of the most difficult vaccines. Therefore, the preparation of the child for vaccination should be very thorough. Most often, whole cell vaccines give a reaction. Acellular usually have a milder effect.

Ideally, vaccination should begin with a visit to an immunologist, who, using tests and diagnostic methods, will help you choose the most appropriate drug.

Fenistil and suprastin

A common question that young mothers ask is: should I take fenistil or suprastin before DTP vaccination? The answer is: yes, you can take it, but only after consulting with your pediatrician first.

Suprastin. Give the child 3 days before vaccination and for another 2-3 days after. Dosage according to the age of the child, check with your doctor.
Drops Fenistil. 3 days before vaccination, give the child 3 drops three times a day. On the day of vaccination - also 3 times 3 drops.

Contraindications to DPT vaccination - diseases

When should you not be vaccinated with DTP? It should be borne in mind that only a healthy child should be vaccinated. Even if there is a slight runny nose, it is better not to endanger the baby.

After a mild cold, after two weeks, you can resume the process, after severe forms of the disease, you need to wait at least a month so that the children's body has time to get stronger!

In addition, in a few days you need to start taking antihistamines, which will help to avoid allergic reactions. In the post-vaccination period, an elevated temperature may be observed, in these cases, an antipyretic agent can be used.

You also need to consider that any vaccination undermines the body's defenses, so children tend to get sick immediately after vaccination. To avoid this, parents should “turn on” the child’s energy saving mode, not expose the baby to infections during this period.

Where is DPT done?

Important! It is customary to vaccinate DTP only intramuscularly. If earlier they did it in the buttock, today this method was abandoned because of the fat layer there. The vaccine, getting into the fat, forms a seal that will not dissolve for a long time, due to which the effectiveness of the entire process is lost.

Is it possible to wet the DTP vaccine and other myths

It is an erroneous opinion that the DPT injection site cannot be wetted. This myth is associated with the ban on bathing a child for the first day. Bathing a child is not possible solely for reasons of respect for health.

Since after vaccination the child's immunity is busy producing antibodies, the defenses are reduced, the baby can easily catch a cold so that this does not happen and it is recommended to refrain from water procedures and walks! That's why "you can not wet the vaccine."

So, if you wet the DTP vaccine, do not panic - nothing terrible happened.

The reaction to DTP vaccination is different. We talk about which reactions are normal, and which ones you should start worrying about.

Read our separate material about the re-introduction of vaccination (revaccination): http://bo-bo-bo.ru/zdorove/privivki/revakcinaciya-akds-nuzhna-li.html

And here we talk about the consequences of DTP. If you feel like something is going wrong after getting vaccinated, check out this article.

Summing up

So, every parent should understand why DTP is being done. That whooping cough, diphtheria and tetanus are serious diseases. Of course, opponents of vaccinations argue that these diseases are rare in our country today and it is not worth exposing children's immunity to such an “attack” unnecessarily.
At the same time, one must be aware that in the event of an epidemic, the child will not be protected. Therefore, it is not worth completely abandoning the DPT vaccination.
If you choose a vaccine wisely, you can choose a safe remedy that will help protect your child without any negative consequences.

Now you know at what age DTP is done, which vaccine to choose, where to get an imported vaccine, and all the pros and cons of this important procedure. We hope this helps you make the right decision.

Video

The conversation about DTP is led by Dr. Komarovsky. You can trust the experience of this person:

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