Don't get sick with sugar. Monitor your weight. How do I know if I'm at increased risk for diabetes?

Diabetes is a very dangerous disease in which the body loses the ability to absorb glucose. Unfortunately, none of us is immune from the development of this terrible disease. To development diabetes largely predisposes to a hereditary factor that we are not able to influence. However, there are other circumstances that can act as a "trigger" to the emergence sugar disease. All of them are connected exclusively with the way of life and may well be adjusted. So, the risk of developing diabetes increases if you:

1. Skip breakfast.

According to an American publication dedicated to medical nutrition(the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition), by skipping breakfast just once a week, we increase our risk of developing diabetes by 20%. During a night's sleep, insulin levels are at a dead center, but when you wake up and for a long time do not eat, it drops sharply. When you finally eat lunch, insulin levels will rise just as sharply. These spikes in insulin are unhealthy and increase your chances of getting diabetes.

2. Eat lots of sweets.

Everyone knows that “if you eat a lot of sweets, diabetes can develop”. So, if you are a lover of cakes and cola, you are at risk. However, the development of the disease is provoked not so much by the amount of sugar consumed, but by the sugar that often appears in the sweet tooth. excess weight. As body weight increases, the body needs to produce more and more insulin to maintain normal glucose levels. The more extra pounds we gain, the more difficult it is to strike the right balance. In the end, insulin may not be enough and then diabetes will develop.

3. Get little sleep.

For the prevention of diabetes good sleep is no less important than . According to the Minnesota regional center According to the Minnesota Regional Sleep Disorders study, a person experiencing a lack of sleep triggers reactions similar to those that occur with insulin resistance. In particular, in a person who sleeps little, the process of converting glucose into energy can slow down. So if after sleepless night you feel overwhelmed and deprived of strength, this may also be due to the state of prediabetes.

4. Be depressed.

depression is considered side effect diabetes mellitus, but data from a study published on the American Diabetes Association website suggests that depression can also be a trigger for the development of diabetes. According to the information presented, people who experience depression are 63% more likely to develop diabetes. Some doctors even consider depression and diabetes to be similar diseases that manifest similar symptoms - weakness and increased fatigue.

5. You don't move much.

If you have sedentary work or do you prefer outdoor activities long sitting in front of the TV, you are at risk. Every hour you spend in stable sitting position increases the risk of developing diabetes by 3.4%. To reduce this risk, you need to get up and move from time to time. Even if you just get up every half an hour, the risk of getting sick will decrease. Ideally, to stay healthy, you need to exercise, at least 20 minutes 3-4 times a week. Moreover, it is best if you sweat a lot during these classes.

So, now you know what you can do to avoid becoming a victim of diabetes. Of course, rethinking your way of life will require some effort and work on yourself from you. However, it is absolutely worth it! Especially when you consider that new good habits improve your overall health and help prevent not only the development of diabetes, but also a whole “bouquet” of other diseases called “lifestyle diseases”.

The number of people with diabetes is increasing every year. This is confirmed by medical statistics. About what kind of disease diabetes is and how to live with it, we will tell in this article. However, it should be immediately reported that it is incurable. Your task, as well as the goal of the endocrinologist, is to carry out activities that reduce the risk of negative consequences.

In diabetes mellitus, blood sugar levels are high. It also appears in the urine.

All this leads to the emergence and development of side "effects" - metabolic disorders are detected, deep defeat blood vessels, "surrender" the nerves and fail the kidneys.

Varieties of diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is a type of serious disease that requires permanent, lifelong treatment. AT medical practice usually divided into 2 types:

1. the first, most terrible and rapidly developing,
2. the second is treatable.

Let's trace the difference between these varieties of the disease?

Characteristics of diabetes

If a disease is transmitted in the family along the genetic female line, then the question arises of how not to get sick with diabetes. Believe me, it turns out to be incredibly difficult. And, I think, it is not necessary to say that the first symptoms are familiar to every member of the family.

Complications arising from diabetes

Walls medical polyclinics We have seen bitter tears and suffering more than once. However, when making a diagnosis, endocrinologists rarely report further consequences.

If you suffered from hypertension/obesity before the onset of the disease, then these diseases progress and leave an “imprint” on the development of complications of diabetes.

How to detect and stop diabetes mellitus?

This question worries along with the one that was asked earlier: how not to get sick with diabetes? So we decided to dedicate a whole section to it. In medical practice, the detection and suspension of the disease is divided into 3 parts.

I. Analyzes

1. donating blood for glucose, it should be remembered: indicators of more than 6.1 mmol / l indicate the presence of pathology.
2. donating plasma for blood, the endocrinologist deciphers the results. In cases where the parameters are from 7.0 mmol / l, 126 mg / dl, treatment should be started immediately.
3. determination of the proportion of glycated hemoglobin. 6.2% or less is considered normal. Otherwise, you should visit an endocrinologist.
4. Less commonly, a glucose load test is performed.

II. Treatment

Diet #1 for type 1 diabetics

Every diet should contain minerals, supplements and vitamins. it required condition. You will also need to control your diet.

Diet #2 for type 2 diabetics

The disease of type 2 diabetes mellitus implies dietology, regardless of hypoglycemic drugs. In a couple of years, doctors reach full control behind the course of the disease. However, the selected therapy varies. So, other hypoglycemic tablets and insulin are prescribed as a supplement.

In case of diabetes mellitus, body weight must be carefully monitored. This is what the main menu in nutrition is aimed at.

1. Restriction in sugar and those products that contain it.
2. We get carbohydrates alimentary fiber from a set of vegetables, country fruits, legumes, nuts, wholemeal bread with the inclusion of crushed grains. Ground bran, wholemeal bread and cereals are allowed.
3. The endocrinologist limits the intake of fats, fatty acids.
4. According to the diet compiled by a gastroenterologist, a diabetic should eat 5 times a day. As a rule, it is advised to stand 4 hours between meals.

Nobody wants to get sick, ever. Even a cold. What can we say about other diseases that require a complex and long treatment. One of these is diabetes mellitus: its essence lies in the fact that the pancreas stops producing insulin for a number of reasons. the right dosage. But it is he who is extremely important for the proper life support of the body! So, how not to get diabetes, how does diabetes manifest itself, who is at risk? Let's figure it out!

How not to get diabetes by listening to your body?

Symptoms do not always appear immediately and can show themselves when a person has been ill for quite some time. There are a few things that are noticeable though:

1. Constant thirst.
2. Excessive fatigue for no apparent reason.
3. Frequent urination.
4. Weight loss.

Even with one symptom that suddenly appears, it is worth doing a blood test for sugar and going to the doctor with it. In diabetes, it is always elevated, since glucose is poorly absorbed by the body due to a lack of insulin.

Can you get diabetes if you are still young? Of course, although it is generally accepted that older people are more susceptible to this disease. Statistics recent years increasingly notes the development of the disease in people of medium age group and children. Many are sure that they certainly will not get diabetes, because no one in their family was sick a similar disease. Really, the main risk group for type 1 (out of 2) is a genetic predisposition. But the 2nd type is easily "earned" by people with excess adipose tissue on the body and a lack of activity during the day.

How not to get diabetes if you are at risk?

So, how not to get sick with diabetes, if your most main fear Is this a hospital and injections? For type 1, alas, there is no prevention. But anyone can get type 2 diabetes. It is enough to start yourself and eat everything in a row. Asking how to prevent diabetes, all experts are unanimous in the answer: control your weight and. Of course, as a preventive measure, you should include in your daily diet fiber and cereals will help and.
And, of course, exercise regularly. : go to the gym, join gym, go for a run. Find an active hobby: skateboarding/snowboarding, dancing, stretching, anything that will help you control your fat-to-muscle ratio, warm up and not gain weight.

Why people get diabetes is now quite clear, so even with such a diagnosis, following the instructions of doctors, you can full life and enjoy every moment of it. Rate, share with friends, because everyone should own such information!

The most common diagnosis in the world is diabetes mellitus. In terms of the number of people suffering from this disease, it is second only to oncological and cardiovascular diseases. This disease has been studied in detail, but, nevertheless, it does not have an absolute cure. Therefore, many people are afraid of him and wonder how to get diabetes and is it possible to avoid this fate?

Definition of diabetes

Diabetes is a disease endocrine system characterized by impaired insulin production. As a result, an increase occurs, which is reflected in all types of human metabolism: protein, carbohydrate, fat.

The hormone insulin is produced in the body by the pancreas. It enters the bloodstream and affects the absorption of glucose. Malfunctions of this organ lead to diabetes. There are two types of diabetes mellitus, from staging correct diagnosis successful treatment depends.

1. Type 1 diabetes is insulin dependent.

   This variety is most all cases. The basis of the violation is the death of pancreatic cells due to its inferior development or diseases. As a result, insulin is not produced, and without it it is impossible. The predisposition to this disease is inherited and cannot be cured. These patients are thin and require constant injections of insulin. Getting it by artificial means from the outside is the basis of vital activity and working capacity of such patients.

2. Type 2 diabetes is non-insulin dependent.

   With this type, the production of the hormone insulin occurs normally and enough. However, according to different reasons the human body is not able to absorb it and insulin resistance occurs. Regulation of glucose in the blood will not occur, as in the first case. This type of diabetes occurs more often at an older age, and provoking factors can serve as a cause. Such patients do not require insulin injections.

   Patients with both types of diabetes face the same problems. With this disease, you can lead an almost normal life, only slightly changing some habits. The most important thing in this is diet, because all the manifestations of diabetes will be associated with the use of excessive amounts of carbohydrates and glucose.

   The main symptoms and manifestations of diabetes are:

• constant thirst and dry mucous membranes;
• skin itching;
• weakness and drowsiness;
• rapid fatigue and decreased performance;
• hair loss;
• slow wound healing;
• the smell of acetone from the mouth;
• weight loss in type 1 diabetes and obesity in type 2.

Reasons for the development of diabetes

The exact reason why people get diabetes is unknown. Several factors can lead to the development of pathology. All of them in a certain way can affect the function of the pancreas and the process of assimilation.

1. hereditary predisposition. This factor is very common and it is not possible to influence it. Studies have shown that the chance of getting maternal diabetes is 5% and paternal 10%. For type 2 diabetes, the probability is much higher - 80%. If both parents are diagnosed, the child's risk of developing diabetes increases.

   Such parents, when planning a child, should be prepared for possible development he has diabetes. This does not necessarily mean that the child can get this disease. Hereditary predisposition implies measures to exclude factors that provoke the onset of diabetes. For example, with early years it is necessary to monitor the nutrition of the baby, the diet of such children must be properly balanced.

1. Excess weight. Overweight body affects the body's metabolism. Delayed lipoid and carbohydrate metabolism affects the ability of insulin to break down glucose, resulting in type 2 diabetes. Most often it occurs in people over 40 who are prone to obesity.
2. Diseases of the pancreas. Diseases such as pancreatitis, tumors of the gland can lead to disruption of its work. As a result, the production of insulin may stop altogether or be disrupted. This can happen with injuries of the pancreas and other diseases of the endocrine system.
3. Infectious diseases. In some patients with a predisposition to the disease, the transferred viral diseases and infections can serve as an impetus for starting the disease.
4. Frequent stress. Prolonged stressful situations have a negative impact on work nervous system and lead to metabolic disorders. Systematic this factor It is also the cause of diabetes mellitus.
5. Elderly age. Age changes are reflected in the tissues of all organs, including the pancreas. Its mass decreases, and, consequently, the number of cells that produce insulin. The required rate of the hormone decreases, since excess glucose is perceived by the body as the norm. In old age, the risk of earning this diagnosis is significantly reduced.

Measures to prevent diabetes

Most people know how to get diabetes, but not many people know that the development of this disease can be prevented, even if genetic predisposition. AT this case is of great importance healthy lifestyle life, integral part which is proper nutrition. If the body has malfunctions of the pancreas or endocrine disorders, you should pay attention to diet and physical activity.

Dietary nutrition for the prevention of diabetes does not mean giving up half of the products. For the correct assimilation of all nutrients from food should be balanced daily ration. It should contain proteins, fats and carbohydrates.

It is necessary to exclude refined fats, sugary drinks with a high glycemic index, alcoholic drinks.

Some dishes should be replaced with healthier ones. For example, it is better to use products from whole grain- more energy is spent on their processing. Fats found in margarine, fried foods and bakery products adversely affect the functioning of the pancreas. They are recommended to be replaced with polyunsaturated fats from vegetable oil, cereals, seeds and.

As a source of protein, it is better to use poultry meat and. Many studies have shown that - beef, pork, badly affects the production of insulin and its effectiveness. Associate it with large quantity the iron that these foods contain.

In addition to nutrition, attention should be paid to active image life. Physical activity is main factor preventing obesity. You also need to get rid of bad habits affecting the body's metabolism.

Thus, you can prevent diabetes on your own, observing 3 main components:

• Food;
• Rejection of bad habits;
• Active lifestyle.

How not to get sick dangerous disease? It turns out that type 1 diabetes cannot be prevented. But the 2nd is quite real. What needs to be done for this? There are many simple rules.

How not to get diabetes - features

In short, you need to adhere to the following:

1. Watch your weight, as diabetes most often affects people who are obese.
2. Move more, lead an active lifestyle so that there are no congestion in the body.
3. Eat right, do not allow an excess of sugar in the body. Remember, sweets and excessively fatty foods disrupt carbohydrate metabolism.
4. No need to overeat.
5. Give up smoking and alcohol abuse.
6. Control your blood glucose levels.
7. In case of any violation in the body, consult a doctor in a timely manner (see which doctor treats diabetes mellitus).

You need to know that diabetes does not develop rapidly, it develops over a long period of time, so you always have the opportunity to take action in advance. On the initial stages much easier to get rid of pathology.

Blood sugar control

It is advisable to visit an endocrinologist at least once a year and take appropriate tests. If for some reason you cannot do this, you can control your blood sugar levels at home. Just before that, carefully read the instructions and consult a doctor. Today, many devices for measuring sugar on their own are produced. The following are considered the most reliable and accurate:

1. Device number 1. Test strips are purchased specific color after contact with biological fluid(blood, urine). It is the shade of the strip that indicates the level of glucose.
2. Device number 2. The glucometer device also has test strips that must be inserted into the device. The device automatically evaluates the sugar level. The result is shown on the display.

Step-by-step instructions for measuring sugar at home

The glucometer is sold in a complete set with test strips, a finger prick lancet and instructions for use. Rules for measuring glucose levels with a glucometer:

• Be sure to check the accuracy of the code on the device and the tube with the test strips before use. If it is not the same, you need to adjust the glucometer. How to do this is indicated in the annotation.
• Hands must be clean and dry.
• Pierce the fingertip with a lancet, which must first be massaged.
• Remove the strip from the vial and place it against the drop of blood.
• Remember, the first drop from the finger is wiped off, and the second is used to conduct the test.
• Insert a test strip into the meter.
• Wait a maximum of 15 seconds and read the result.

Please note that glucose readings may vary due to several factors. For example, after heavy physical activity, at high temperature body or in stressful situations. Therefore, in this state, the sugar content may not correspond to reality.

Measuring blood sugar levels with a Bionime GM 110 glucometer (video)

From the video review you will learn clearly how to measure the level of glucose in the blood using the Bionime GM 110 model glucometer:

Table of indicators of blood sugar levels - transcript

See also: how to determine diabetes mellitus (tests, signs, risk factors).

Who is at risk

• Age category over 40 years.
• Obese people.
• With a hereditary predisposition (if one of the close relatives has diabetes).
• People with in an inactive way life.
• In case of non-compliance proper nutrition(consumption of excessive amounts of sweet, fatty, smoked, canned, etc.).
• The presence of diseases of the digestive tract, heart, circulatory system, pancreas.

What should be the food

Nutrition in the life of every person plays one of the critical roles. Because it depends general state health. Food products can affect the functionality of all body systems, both positively and negatively, so the diet must be correct.

In order to prevent the development of diabetes, the diet should be as follows:

• It is important to limit the intake of carbohydrates and high-calorie foods. Carbohydrates overload the pancreas, disrupting its work, and calories lead to a set overweight which is dangerous for diabetes.
• The diet should be as varied as possible.
• The diet should be divided into 5 times a day. In this case, portions should be small.
• Dishes should preferably be steamed or cooked in water. Can be baked in the oven, but with the minimum amount fat.
• Be sure to include in your diet fresh vegetables and fruits - let them be the maximum number.
• Eliminate the consumption of sweets, pastries and fatty foods. It is necessary to refuse smoked, canned and too salty.
• Vegetables and fruits are conditionally divided into 3 groups based on the content of carbohydrates. So, eggplants, cucumbers, zucchini, pumpkin, cabbage, tomatoes are considered the most useful and low-carb. Average carbohydrates are found in carrots, beets, radishes, onion. And also in currants, raspberries, strawberries, citrus crops. Most high content harmful carbohydrates in potatoes, grapes, bananas, figs, sweet apples. Of course, it is impossible to completely refuse such products, it is enough to reduce the dosage.
• It is very important to eat foods that contain dietary fiber, as they contribute to the formation of insoluble and poorly absorbed complexes, thereby removing cholesterol and sugar from the body. These are foods such as rye and bran bread, various cereals.
• Eat more protein foods. it lean varieties fish and meat, dairy products.
• Give special attention drinking water, it should be at least one and a half liters per day.
• If there is a need to use alcoholic beverages(birthdays, holidays), then drink them in moderation.

Prevention of diabetes: proper nutrition (video)

From the video you will additionally learn what should be the diet that helps prevent diabetes - the features of food intake, types of foods and much more:

Weight loss: sports, physical activity

As you know, excess fat, which accumulates in the body, significantly reduces the sensitivity to natural insulin, resulting in an increase in glucose levels. To actively combat extra pounds you need to follow a low-carb diet and be sure to exercise. The fact is that this will not only prevent and relieve obesity, but also increase the sensitivity of cells and tissues to their own insulin. Therefore, the sugar level will not rise.

Among exercise aerobic training, strength and high-intensity is very popular. It turns out that more load further increases the body's sensitivity to insulin. And so less likely get diabetes.

Besides, physical activity consumes a store of energy within each cell. And this indicates that now the cells become open to absorb and process new doses of glucose. Sports activities save a person from bad cholesterol and fully strengthen circulatory system. Needless to say, reducing body fat and strengthening the immune and muscle systems!

No stress and bad habits

Stressful situations can develop diabetes mellitus, because with nervous overstrain, the level of secretion of one's own insulin decreases. Among other things, the produced insulin is inhibited basally, resulting in the release of glucose from the tissues into the blood.

This leads to a hyperglycemic state, which is characterized by a lack of a hormone. Another negative factor under stress is a decrease in the body's sensitivity to insulin and an increase in sugar levels. If a nervous tension lasts a long time, it strictly leads to the development of diabetes.

Smoking also has negative impact to the glucose level. It turns out that nicotine stimulates secretion stress hormones(somatotropin, cortisol and catecholamine). These hormones greatly increase the amount of sugar. Therefore, smokers have a much higher risk of developing diabetes than non-smokers.

If you contact the clinic for blood sugar control in a timely manner, adhere to proper nutrition and lead a healthy active lifestyle, you will eliminate the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.