When is measles rubella mumps. Prophylactic MMR vaccination against serious diseases. Measles and rubella mumps vaccination for children

Today it is becoming fashionable to refuse vaccinations. If some do it out of conviction and for motivated reasons, then others express disagreement according to fashion trends. When it comes to children's health, you can't do what everyone else does.

Each parent should study the issue, consult with specialists and decide whether to refuse or to vaccinate. Let's try to understand the essence of the issue and identify all the pros and cons of measles, rubella and mumps vaccination.

Why are these diseases dangerous?

Measles, rubella, mumps (colloquially "mumps") are not as innocent as they might seem. The consequences of these diseases can be very dangerous! They belong to a group of acute viral diseases that are transmitted by airborne droplets.

Measles and rubella are transmitted even over long distances, the carrier does not have to sneeze nearby, his presence even in the next room is enough, or the virus can enter through the ventilation system. In the case of mumps, when the child is isolated, the virus will not pass beyond the room.

Symptoms and consequences of this "troika" of diseases

Measles

Measles is accompanied by high fever, cough, runny nose, conjunctivitis and rash. If a child has had contact with a carrier and is not vaccinated, then the probability of catching the infection is very high - 95-96 percent. The main feature of measles is the appearance of a rash on the skin. The rash first appears on the upper body, only then spreads to the arms and legs.

When a rash appears, the first thing to do is to rule out an allergy. Perhaps a new drug was introduced, and there was a reaction to this drug. In any case, to make an accurate diagnosis, you need to consult a specialist.

It is worth noting that children under one year old rarely get measles. Grudnichkov is protected by antibodies that they inherited from their mother. But by the year the protection passes, therefore, according to the national calendar, it is in the year that they are vaccinated against measles.

Complications to which measles can lead are otitis media, pneumonia, blood damage, convulsions, inflammation of the brain (encephalitis).

Rubella

Rubella, unlike measles, occurs in children in a mild form. After an incubation period (from 10 to 20 days), the disease is manifested by high fever, severe headache.

A feature of rubella is enlarged lymph nodes, often on the back of the head and behind the ears. Also, during rubella, a rash appears, sometimes with poor immunity, conjunctivitis is also possible, as a result of infection.

Usually this disease in children proceeds without consequences, only in rare cases (1 in 1000) may the development of inflammation of the brain (encephalitis).

Despite the fact that rubella is not dangerous for a child's body, it can harm an adult.

Pregnant women should be especially sensitive to this disease. It can cause a miscarriage or lead to blindness and deafness in the unborn child.

Therefore, when planning a pregnancy, you should definitely think about the rubella vaccine. Vaccination gives 100% protection against the virus and lasts for 20 years.

Mumps

Mumps (mumps) attacks the parotid and submandibular salivary glands. Under the influence of infection, they swell, and the face becomes round.

This disease is not characterized by a high temperature, because of the swollen salivary glands, it becomes difficult for the child to chew and swallow.

At risk are teenage boys and men, in 30% the testicles become inflamed (in medicine it is called "orchitis"), which can lead to infertility.

Are you familiar? Every mother should be able to diagnose this disease, because if the child is not urgently hospitalized, the consequences can be very deplorable.

What if the child suddenly has a temperature below normal? Do you know why this happens? we have published an article on this issue.

Current measles, rubella, mumps vaccine

Domestic or imported?

If you choose free vaccination, then at one year old your child will be offered a double vaccination against measles and mumps with a domestic vaccine and a separate Indian rubella vaccine. Revaccination is provided at 6 years.

Some parents are not satisfied with free vaccines, in such cases, you can purchase an imported paid vaccine - three viruses in one dose.

List of foreign-made vaccines allowed in Russia:

1. Ruvax (against measles)
2. Triple Vaccines:
   • MMR-II
   • Priorix

All of these vaccines are based on weakened viruses that will not cause the disease itself, but will help develop immunity.

It may be difficult to buy a vaccine on your own, so if you want to purchase an imported drug, you should contact a paid clinic. The cost of the procedure (price from 1000 rubles) includes consultation with an immunologist.

In general, before any vaccination, it is worth getting the advice of this specialist. It will help you choose the most suitable option for your baby.

Immunization against mumps, measles and rubella

Provided that the vaccine was given to an absolutely healthy child, there should be no acute post-vaccination reactions.

1. Redness and swelling at the injection site will last for two days.
2. You may also experience a fever, runny nose, and cough.
3. Usually, all pediatricians advise giving the child an anesthetic on the day of vaccination, which will help smooth out all these consequences and help the child survive all the discomfort.
4. The place of edema can be treated with troxevasin ointment to improve blood circulation.

It is worth noting that imported vaccines cause allergies more often than Russian ones, since domestic ones contain quail protein, and foreign ones contain chicken protein.

To avoid allergic reactions, the day before the child can be given an antihistamine.

When should children not be vaccinated?

• Anaphylactic reactions to gelatin or neomycin
• Immune problems (hematologic and solid tumors; congenital immunodeficiency; long-term immunosuppressive therapy, HIV infection)

Cautions

• Recently used immunoglobulin (last 3 months)
• History of thrombocytopenia
• Positive skin test or tuberculosis
• Simultaneous tuberculin skin test
• Lactation
• Recipient's mother's pregnancy
• Home contact with immunocompromised family members
• Infections with HIV (except severely immunocompromised individuals with HIV infection)
• Non-anaphylactic reactions to chicken eggs or neomycin
• Anaphylactic and non-anaphylactic reactions to chicken eggs

Measles-rubella-mumps vaccination schedule

The vaccination schedule for children is as follows (based on the duration of these vaccinations and when they are given):

Results

• So, there is no cure for measles, rubella and mumps.
• Vaccination remains the only protection against these infections.
• Vaccination against mumps for children (especially boys) is required, because. the disease can lead to infertility
• Therefore, before writing a refusal from vaccinations, you need to carefully think about the reasons that make you do it.

The decision should be balanced, rational and beneficial to your baby. After all, only parents are responsible for the health of their child!

If you have vaccinated your child against whooping cough, but he still got sick with this cough, then read our material about and its treatment.

If your little one's cough sounds like a barking dog, then read our barking cough.

Cough can occur in children and simply because of an ordinary allergy: In this case, by eliminating the allergen, you can get rid of the cough itself.

Video

Dr. Komarovsky talks about the pros and cons of preventive childhood vaccinations and how important they are:

Measles is the deadliest infection of all childhood diseases. It spreads very quickly and easily, so it is important to take timely measures to protect children. To date, the most effective method of preventing measles is considered to be a comprehensive vaccination “rubella, measles, mumps”.
Vaccination against measles, mumps and rubella (MMR, MMR) is carried out in many countries according to its own schedule, but everywhere it is considered that two doses of the drug are needed for complete protection. The first dose of the measles vaccine is given at 12 to 15 months. A second dose may be given after 4 weeks, but is usually given before kindergarten attendance occurs between 4 and 6 years of age.

Statistics on measles incidence, complications and mortality

Before reading this section, we advise you to read about the disease itself, about its symptoms, development mechanism and complications - this will help you navigate further information more easily.
Measles is an infectious viral disease that occurs most often in late winter and spring. It starts with a fever that lasts for several days, followed by cough, runny nose, and conjunctivitis. The rash begins on the face and upper neck, spreads down the back and trunk, and then spreads to the arms and hands, as well as the legs and feet. After 5 days, the rash disappears in the same order in which it appeared.
Measles is extremely contagious. The measles virus resides in the mucus in the nose and throat of immunocompromised people. When sick people sneeze or cough, the spray droplets fly into the air, remaining active for up to 2 hours. Measles itself is an unpleasant disease, but the complications of the disease are even more dangerous. Between six and 20 percent of people who get measles have complications such as ear infections, diarrhea, or even pneumonia. One in 1,000 people with measles gets brain inflammation, and about one in 1,000 people die.

Why vaccination is necessary

In the ten years prior to the start of the measles vaccination program, an estimated 3-4 million people in the United States alone were infected each year, of whom 400-500 died, 48,000 were hospitalized, and another 1,000 were permanently disabled from measles virus encephalitis. . The widespread use of the measles vaccine has resulted in a reduction in measles cases by more than 99%.
However, measles is still widespread in other countries. The virus is highly contagious and can spread rapidly in areas where vaccination is not common. So in 2006 there were 242,000 measles deaths worldwide, which is about 663 deaths per day or 27 deaths every hour. If vaccinations are stopped, measles epidemics will return to pre-vaccination levels and hundreds of people will die from measles and its complications.

What you need to know about measles vaccinations

The measles and mumps rubella vaccine is a live, attenuated combination vaccine that protects against all of these diseases. It was first licensed in a combined form in 1971 and has been studied by specialists all this time. To date, modern preparations contain the safest and most effective forms of each component.
The components are obtained by extracting measles viruses from the throat of an infected person and then adapting them to grow in chick embryos in the laboratory. As the virus becomes more capable of growing in chick embryos, it becomes less harmful to the baby's skin and lungs. When the virus enters the baby's body with the vaccine, it begins to multiply, but to a very small extent, so it is quickly eliminated from the body. This feature causes the development of immunity, in 95% of children the resistance to measles remains throughout life.
A second dose of the vaccine is recommended to protect the 5% of children who fail to develop immunity during the first dose of mumps rubella vaccine. In children with a good immune response, the effect of the first injection is simply fixed.

Who gets vaccinated against measles and when?

You have the right to decide whether or not to be vaccinated. If you want to do it, then check out the measles vaccination schedule around the world. There are two options for protecting children 12 months to 12 years of age against measles, mumps, rubella (rubella measles), and varicella (chickenpox):

• Double vaccination: measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine and additional varicella vaccine;
• Single vaccination: measles, mumps, rubella, chicken pox - a complex (MMRV) vaccine of 4 components.

Children should receive 2 doses of MMR vaccine:

• First dose 12 to 15 months after birth;
• Second dose at 4 to 6 years of age.

• Before any international travel, children 6 months to 11 months of age should have at least one dose of measles vaccine.
• Children 12 months of age and older should have two doses at least 28 days apart.

Adults do not need the measles vaccine if:

• blood tests show that you are immune to measles,
• mumps and rubella;
• you were born before 1957 and do not plan to have children;
• you have already been vaccinated against measles, have a positive test;
• you have received one vaccination and are not at high risk of contracting measles.

Adults need the measles vaccine if:

• are you a student;
• you work in a hospital or other healthcare facility with a high risk of infection;
• you are traveling internationally, or as a passenger on a cruise ship;
• you are a woman of childbearing age.

Why are people born before 1957 exempt from vaccination?

People born before 1957 lived for several years during the measles epidemic before the vaccine was licensed. As a result, these people are more likely to have been ill and are immune. Studies show that between 95% and 98% of those born before 1957 are immune to measles, note that this is not rubella measles - these are different diseases .

Is the measles vaccine dangerous: research and speculation

Myths and misinformation about the safety or danger of vaccines can be confusing for parents who are trying to make informed decisions about the need to protect their child. Before making a conclusion, study all the information regarding the studies, the comments of doctors and the real facts of complications.
Vaccination is a common event that is often discussed in the press and among people who have children. The lack of special knowledge often leads to wrong conclusions, when parents begin to confuse cause and effect. While some of the illnesses, reactions, and complications attributed to vaccination may be due to very different causes, and occur coincidentally after vaccination, the real facts are often overlooked. Thus, it is very important to study real scientific studies that attempt to identify true adverse reactions to vaccines by filtering them out by chance.
To begin with, the idea of ​​vaccination initially comes into conflict with the idea of ​​the harm of these procedures. Vaccines work effectively when most people have been vaccinated and the government has a vested interest in preventing outbreaks. It would be strange to impose on citizens something that will not stop the disease, but, on the contrary, will worsen it. In other words, why hold an event that can harm? Since vaccines must be safe for use by as many people as possible, they are developed to the highest safety standards. Years of testing by law go through before a measles vaccine is licensed and distributed. Once a drug is introduced, its use is continuously monitored to ensure safety and efficacy.
However, like any medical procedure, vaccination has some risks. People react differently to vaccines, and there is no way to absolutely 100% predict how an individual will respond to specific virus strains. The only thing that can be done is to study the full information about the benefits and risks of vaccination, then “trying it on for yourself” you can make an informed, competent decision. Any questions or concerns should be discussed with the doctor.

The real facts of complications after vaccination measles rubella mumps

Some parents wonder why their children should be protected from diseases that don't seem to exist. The myths and misinformation about vaccine safety are endless and can be confusing for parents who are trying to make informed decisions.

The vaccine, including the measles shot, like any medicine, can cause serious problems, such as severe allergic reactions. But the risk of serious harm or death from this vaccine is extremely small. Getting the MMR vaccine is much safer than complications from measles, mumps, and rubella. According to statistics, most people who receive the MMR vaccine do not have any serious problems later.

small problems

• Fever (up to 1 person in 6);
• mild rash (in 1 person in 20);
• Swelling of glands in the cheeks or neck (about 1 in 75 people).

These problems usually occur within 7-12 days after the injection. After the second dose, they are even less common.

moderate problems

• chills caused by fever (about 1 in 3000 doses);
• temporary pain and stiffness in the joints, mostly in adolescence and adult women (up to 1 in 4);
• temporary decrease in platelet levels, which can cause bleeding (about 1 in 30,000 doses).

Serious problems (very rare)

• serious allergic reactions (less than 1 in a million doses);
  some other serious problems have been reported immediately after the injection:
• deafness;
• long-term seizures, coma, or loss of consciousness
• complete brain damage.

These cases are so rare that it is difficult to say whether they are due to vaccination. But this possibility cannot be ruled out either.

Statistics of complications when using a 4-component licensed vaccine

Here are the key findings on the safety of the measles vaccine in children aged 12-23 months (US studies).

• Adverse events occurred most frequently within 42 days after the first dose of MMRV vaccine, with children having a fever of 38 or higher and rash. Most of the risk existed in the first 5-12 days after vaccination. The disease usually resolves on its own.
• Soreness at the injection site was reported less frequently after the MMRV vaccine than after the triple vaccine and varicella vaccine, in separate vaccinations at the same visit.

Frequency of side effects after MMRV vaccination:

• soreness at the injection site: 1 child out of 5;
• fever: 1 child in 5;
• rash: 1 child in 20.

The frequency of side effects for MMR and varicella vaccine given at the same time were:

• soreness at the injection site: 1 child out of 4;
• fever: 1 child in 7;
• rash: 1 child out of 25.

These studies have shown an increased risk of developing fever after quadruple measles vaccination compared with measles, mumps, and varicella vaccines in separate vaccines.
The researchers also decided to calculate the potential risk of febrile seizures (caused by fever) after MMRV vaccination. As part of regular vaccine safety monitoring, vaccine safety studies have been conducted for all new products.
Children aged 12-23 months were eligible for examination, as the first dose of MMRV or MMR and varicella vaccine is recommended during this period. The study assessed the incidence of various complications after MMRV vaccination, including febrile seizures.

The research results showed:

• in the first 7-10 days after the first dose of vaccine, the frequency of febrile seizures was 2 times higher among children who received the MMRV vaccine (8.5 per 10,000 vaccinated children) than among children who received the measles, mumps and rubella vaccine ( MMR) and varicella separately per visit (4.2 per 10,000 vaccinated children);
• in the first 7-10 days after vaccination, febrile seizures occur among every 2300 children vaccinated with the first dose of MMRV vaccine, compared with children vaccinated with the first dose of MMR and varicella vaccine at the same visit.

In recent years, measles infection and rubella are among the potentially dangerous infections, to which mumps is also equated. Therefore, today the whole world is actively fighting these diseases through routine vaccination of the population.

First of all, vaccination against infections is indicated for young children, who are the most susceptible to viral agents and are at risk of developing severe forms of ailments with complications of the pathological process. In most countries, and, and only then, depending on the epidemiology of the region where young patients live.

Names of imported vaccines against measles, rubella and mumps

Today in our country three-component imported vaccines are mainly used, which contain active biocomponents against MMR.

Such a composition of preparations is very convenient, as it makes it possible to simultaneously administer three vaccinations at once without the need to make three injections. In terms of effectiveness, imported vaccines do not differ from domestically produced drugs, at least according to experts.

Approved in the territory of our state are several imported vaccines against measles, mumps and rubella, including:

• co-production of Holland and;
• Belgian solution Priorix;
• Ervevaks from the UK.

As a rule, among the free vaccines provided to patients in public clinics, imported drugs are extremely rare. But those who want to vaccinate a child with an imported solution can always purchase it at the pharmacy network at their own expense.

Subject to proper storage and transportation, such a suspension can be administered by contacting a pediatrician at the place of registration of the child. The Belgian vaccine Priorix is ​​one of the most popular vaccinations among doctors and parents.

It is characterized by high efficiency and minimal risk of development. The vaccine is produced taking into account all the requirements of the World Health Organization and has a high level of purification.

This popular suspension has received a huge amount of positive feedback from doctors and patients around the globe. Immunologists have no complaints about this vaccine, so it can be safely used for mass vaccination of children and adults.

Vaccine Priorix

Our country has rich experience in using the American-Dutch vaccine MMR-II. Pediatricians often recommend this particular immune drug as the safest in terms of the development of undesirable consequences of immunization.

In addition, specialists are well aware of all possible post-vaccination MMR-II reactions, which allows them to quickly react in each individual situation and take, if necessary, really effective actions in terms of their elimination.

What is the name of the domestic MMR vaccine?

Its reliability is not lower than that of imported suspensions. In addition, the frequency of adverse reactions and complications to the domestic vaccine also does not differ from foreign solutions.

However, in our country, a three-component vaccine is not produced, which includes components against both measles and mumps, as well as rubella.

Domestic manufacturers produce only.

To vaccinate a child with MMR with domestic vaccine preparations, two injections must be given:

• first injection against rubella and mumps;
• second shot for measles.

Such actions are not very convenient, moreover, they somewhat injure the child's psyche and develop in him a feeling of fear of vaccination.

What is the difference between foreign vaccination compositions and Russian analogues?

Among domestic MMR vaccinations, the following drugs are allowed:

• dicomponent suspension from mumps and rubella;
• monocomponent suspension against measles.

Therefore, in order to vaccinate a child against these infections, he needs to receive two injections at once. This is not always convenient, as it leads to additional injury to the baby.

Foreign analogues of vaccines are three-component preparations, for the introduction of which there is no need for additional injections, since they are formed in the form of a single solution. In addition, some experts are convinced that domestic vaccines often provoke development, especially when it comes to vaccinating allergic children.

The composition of Russian drugs includes Japanese quail egg proteins that can cause hypersensitive reactions, and, accordingly, provoke the appearance of undesirable consequences.

Representatives of local pharmaceutical companies do not support such a belief, assuring that domestic vaccines are not inferior in safety to foreign solutions.

Which vaccine against measles, rubella, mumps is better: imported or ours?

But for the implementation of vaccination against rubella, measles and mumps, it is necessary to administer two drugs at once, which are forbidden to be mixed in one syringe.

Such actions are fraught with sad consequences and can provoke a huge number of complications of such vaccination. Double injection is very inconvenient and leads to additional injury to the child.

Most experts prefer to use a three-component imported vaccine, which is vaccinated at the same time.

Related videos

About Priorix and other vaccines against measles, rubella and mumps in the video:

Vaccinations in infancy can avoid dangerous diseases or make it easier to transfer the infection when it enters the body. Vaccination is done to healthy babies after examination by a pediatrician. A good doctor will recommend observing the child's reaction for several days, monitoring the temperature and general condition, drinking antihistamines to avoid allergic reactions.

Despite these measures, some parents still experience side effects, particularly from MMR vaccinations. What causes them, how do they manifest themselves, and can they be avoided? Maybe it's better not to vaccinate at all? This and much more needs to be explored in detail.

PDA decryption

The task of public health is to take preventive measures against diseases that can lead to the emergence of an epidemic in a particular city and beyond. The compulsory vaccination calendar includes an injection against measles, mumps and rubella (decoding of the abbreviation MRC). These diseases claim the lives and disable more than 150,000 people worldwide every year.

The measles, mumps and rubella vaccination plan for children should be followed if the child is healthy and there is no reason to postpone the injection for the future. It can be done together with other vaccines (BCG, tetanus, Haemophilus influenzae). The indication is the age of a small patient - from 12 months.

CPC is not combined with blood products and immunoglobulins. Between these injections, a pause of 2-3 months should be maintained (the order of administration is not important).

What are the dangers of measles, rubella and mumps?

Not vaccinating is a risk to your baby's health. When he comes into contact with his mother and father vaccinated in childhood, the risk of infection is minimal. However, the infection can wait for the baby in public transport, a clinic, a kindergarten. By vaccinating a child, parents help him avoid serious illnesses with dangerous and sometimes irreparable complications.

Rubella

The disease affects children and adults, it is transmitted by airborne droplets and from mother to fetus. The initial symptoms are similar to a common viral infection. Later, a red rash appears on the body, which disappears without a trace within three days. In young children, rubella usually resolves without sequelae.

In adults, complications are observed - increased permeability of blood vessels, hemorrhages, encephalomyelitis with loss of consciousness, convulsions up to paralysis with a fatal outcome. If the expectant mother gets sick with rubella, her baby may subsequently experience pneumonia, hemorrhage, and damage to internal organs, which ends tragically in 30% of cases.

Mumps

Mumps (mumps) is an infectious disease caused by paramyxovirus, a related influenza virus. It is transmitted by airborne droplets and is characterized by inflammation of the salivary, parotid glands, leading to swelling of the face. The first signs appear 2 weeks after infection. The consequences of the disease are dangerous, and its treatment should be carried out from beginning to end, under the supervision of a physician.

Common complications of mumps include: inflammation of the thyroid gland and gonads, diabetes, pancreatitis, secondary penetration of the virus into the bloodstream, serous meningitis, complete damage to a number of glands and organs.

Measles

The measles virus enters the body by airborne droplets, manifests itself 9-11 days after contact with a sick person. Children are more likely to experience this disease, but adults are also at risk. People who are not vaccinated against the disease are 100% likely to get sick. Those who have been ill receive permanent immunity for life.

Measles is fraught with such complications as blindness, encephalitis, otitis, inflammation of the cervical lymph nodes, bronchopneumonia. Treatment under the supervision of a doctor reduces the risk of complications, but even this does not always help to avoid them.

Imported and domestic MMR vaccines

Modern medicine offers several types of MMR vaccinations. Preparations contain live viruses and their combined analogues.

They are selected taking into account the characteristics of the child's body and risk factors. According to the number of components, serums are divided into 3 types:

• Monocomponent. The vaccine will provide immunity against one of the diseases. Vaccines against measles, mumps and rubella are administered by different injections, they cannot be mixed. An example is the Russian measles vaccine L-16 based on quail egg protein, the L-3 vaccine or the Czech Pavivak against mumps. There are foreign rubella vaccines called Sll (India), Ervevaks (England), Rudivaks (France).
• Two-component. Combined preparations for measles-rubella or measles-mumps. They are supplemented by an injection of one missing drug. Vaccinations are given in different parts of the body. An example is the associated divaccine against measles and mumps (Russia).
• Three-component. Ready-made preparations include 3 weakened viruses and, with the help of one injection, protect against three infections at once. For example, a vaccine called Priorix (Belgium) has gained a reputation for being the most effective and safe. Another popular vaccine is MMR II (USA), which has been used for a longer time and has been well studied for adverse reactions.

Vaccination with domestic drugs against measles, mumps and rubella is carried out in municipal clinics. The drugs include attenuated virus. They are not inferior in effectiveness to foreign analogues, are normally tolerated and do not cause side effects. Their disadvantage is the lack of a measles component, and measles vaccination has to be done separately.

Imported purified 3 in 1 preparations are more convenient, but they should be purchased independently - for example, the live combined vaccine Priorix, which reduces the time for vaccination and has a low reactogenicity. Pediatricians often recommend this particular drug, and parents often purchase Priorix, which helps to avoid post-vaccination complications.

Children's vaccination schedule

How many times and where are MMR vaccinations given? Injections are injected according to a strictly defined algorithm and according to the existing vaccination schedule:

• at 12 months or older (if the child was sick and it is not possible to vaccinate exactly one year) - the vaccine is injected into the thigh;
• at 6 years old - in the shoulder (provided that the baby did not suffer from dangerous diseases from which he is vaccinated);
• in the absence of contraindications, the vaccine is administered to young girls 16-18 years old in the direction of a doctor;
• from 22 to 29 years old and every 10 years according to the schedule.

If by the age of 13 the child has not received a dose of a multicomponent drug that prevents measles, mumps and rubella, a domestic vaccination can be done at any age (we recommend reading:). Subsequent revaccination is prescribed according to the medical calendar, but not earlier than 22 years and not later than 29 years.

How is the MMR vaccine administered? For injection, a disposable syringe is used, into which the vaccine, previously diluted in water for injection, is drawn. The volume of a single dose of the finished vaccine is 0.5 ml, it is injected subcutaneously into the thigh (for babies) or into the shoulder (for older children).

Contraindications for immunization

When issuing a referral for vaccination, the doctor must take into account the intolerance of the vaccine by certain categories of children. Contraindications for PDAs include:

• intolerance to egg white, vaccine components (kanamycin and neomycin);
• complications after the first MMR vaccination;
• SARS, influenza, viral infection;
• chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunosuppression;
• heart failure;
• severe blood diseases, pathologies of internal organs;
• propensity to allergies;
• pregnancy.

How to prepare for vaccination?

To reduce the risk of side effects and complications after vaccination, you should properly prepare for the procedure.

• 2-3 days before vaccination, the child should be given an antihistamine (taken within a week);
• during the preparation period, new foods should not be introduced into the baby's diet;
• if the child is predisposed to febrile convulsions, an antipyretic should be taken immediately after vaccination;
• take blood and urine tests the day before;
• prepare an antipyretic and analgesic drug (Nurofen, Panadol) in case the temperature rises;
• undergo a medical examination, inform the pediatrician if the day before the child had diarrhea or other malaise;
• do not swim for three days after the injection;
• after the injection, you do not need to immediately leave the clinic - in case of a negative reaction and a sharp deterioration in well-being, the child will be immediately helped here.

How is the vaccine tolerated by children of different ages?

Negative reactions to the MMR vaccine are often observed, because they contain components of dangerous infections.

When foreign agents enter, the body begins to fight them:

• body temperature rises to create disastrous conditions for bacteria;
• weakness appears - all the forces of the child's body go to the synthesis of antibodies;
• appetite worsens, as energy is directed to fight infection.

Parents should be prepared for a possible reaction to the vaccine - an increase in temperature up to 40 ° C, the appearance of a small rash on the cheeks and neck, which will disappear by itself within three days. Often parents confuse the side effects and complications of vaccinations. There should be no complications such as suppuration of the injection site, a rash all over the body.

Normal reaction

What reaction to PDA is considered normal? It may be completely absent or appear slightly. Parents panic even at the slightest change in temperature, so you should figure out what doctors consider normal:

• slight swelling, increased sensitivity of tissues in the injection area;
• subfebrile temperature (37-37.5 °C) after MMR vaccination during the first 5 days;
• moderate joint pain;
• headache and cough;
• anxiety, capriciousness of the child;
• rashes on the cheeks, neck, palms - as a reaction to the measles antigen (rare).

Possible Complications

Complications after a PDA injection can be very dangerous, posing a threat to life and health. The most common include:

• any severe pain that cannot be relieved with ibuprofen, paracetamol;
• temperature above 39 ° C and convulsions associated with it;
• severe vomiting, diarrhea;
• lowering blood pressure;
• mild measles, rubella or mumps;
• nosebleeds;
• intracranial hemorrhages;
• bronchospasm;
• bruising and bleeding for no reason;
• rash over the body, like hives;
• post-vaccination encephalitis (in 1% of cases).

With any deterioration in well-being (high temperature, vomiting, loss of consciousness, rapid breathing, bronchospasm), actions should be extremely fast. It is important to give the child an antihistamine and urgently call an ambulance.

In a conversation with a doctor, be sure to indicate the time when the vaccine was given, and describe in detail all the symptoms that occurred after the injection.

How to deal with side effects after vaccination?

The reaction to the vaccine may be lightning fast or occur within 5-10 days after the injection. A light diet and plenty of fluids will help ease the baby's condition after vaccination. Immunity at this time is weakened, so you should limit contact with other children and avoid visiting crowded places.

You can walk, because fresh air and physical activity are good for the child. However, do not play with other children, so as not to get SARS. It is impossible to allow overheating and hypothermia of the child. You can swim after 3 days. After vaccination, the child is not contagious.

What should parents do if negative reactions could not be avoided? When a baby has a fever, a rash appears all over the body, vomiting and diarrhea occur, an allergic reaction, neurological symptoms are observed, doctors strongly advise not to self-medicate. You should seek professional medical help - call an ambulance or take the baby to the hospital yourself.

Before the arrival of the doctor, you should alleviate the condition of the baby. Panadol, Nurofen in the form of suppositories or suspensions will help relieve the heat by a few degrees. At elevated temperatures (under 40 ºС), compresses should be used (add a spoonful of vinegar to a glass of water and mix). Put gauze soaked in the solution on the forehead and calves of the baby. Compresses need to be changed every 3-5 minutes.

After assessing the condition of the baby, the emergency doctor will prescribe a course of treatment or recommend hospitalization. In severe reactions will be assigned:

• with anaphylaxis - adrenaline injections;
• in case of loss of consciousness, cardiovascular insufficiency, respiratory failure - hospitalization;
• with itching and rash - antihistamines (Suprastin, Fenistil, Tsetrin and others).

If the reaction to the vaccine is insignificant, there is redness, swelling in the injection area, muscle pain, fever up to 39ºС, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (Ibuprofen) should be taken. If after two days the condition does not improve (the fever will keep up to 38.5 ºС, bleeding or swelling in the injection area will not disappear), you should immediately show the baby to the doctor.

The MMR vaccine is one of the mandatory vaccination schedules. It protects against infectious diseases and the complications they cause in 95% of cases. Getting vaccinated is much safer than getting infections and getting complications. Subject to preventive measures and medical recommendations, vaccination will be beneficial and provide reliable protection against infections.

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Many parents are very wary of vaccinating young children. Particularly worried about how the measles-rubella-mumps vaccine is tolerated. Expecting possible severe reactions, mothers sometimes refuse to give their child a prophylactic injection. However, these diseases are much more dangerous than short-term ailments from the vaccine.

Temperature after vaccination with measles-rubella-mumps

Doctors distinguish between two types of adverse reactions that can occur after a vaccine is given. Local - pain in the injection area, mild inflammation, "bump". Common - fever, skin rash, runny nose, cough, red throat, swollen lymph nodes, muscle and joint pain. Such consequences are sure signs of the formation of immune protection against a dangerous triad of diseases. A rise in temperature as a reaction to the measles-rubella-mumps (MMR) vaccine occurs in the first 10 days in about 15 out of 100 children.

And for some, it rises only slightly, and this is considered normal. Others may experience fever up to 39-40 degrees. Such cases are rare and are a deviation from the norm. You should not wait for the thermometer to go off scale - as soon as the temperature reaches 38-38.5 degrees, you should immediately apply an antipyretic medicine. Babies are given Cefekon candles. Paracetamol, Nimesulide, Ibuprofen are effective. High fever sometimes occurs as a reaction to the measles vaccine. It should be reduced with drugs in the form of tablets or syrups.

Rash reaction after vaccination with measles-rubella-mumps

Skin pathology that can occur after an injection is not a sign of a child having an infection, but an immune response of the body to the MMR vaccine as a whole or to individual components of the drug. The reaction to the rubella vaccine in children can be manifested by a particularly violent rash. More often, small pinkish spots appear on certain areas of the face, neck, arms, back, buttocks. However, they can literally be dotted with the entire body of the child.

A rash after MMR vaccination occurs for one of three reasons: as an allergic reaction, as a result of rapid reproduction of vaccine viruses in the skin, or a temporary bleeding disorder. Rashes do not pose any danger, they always disappear on their own, so there is no need to treat the skin with any ointments. This reaction of the body is considered normal. Moreover, a child, even with a very significant rash, is not a carrier of infection and is not contagious to either other children or adults.

Respiratory effects of measles-rubella-mumps vaccination

Sometimes immunity against these infections is formed in a child, accompanied by symptoms of a cold. Among the adverse reactions to the measles-rubella-mumps vaccine may be a runny nose, cough, muscle weakness, swollen lymph nodes. The older the person being vaccinated, the more likely they are to experience joint pain. These symptoms are unpleasant, but do not pose a threat to health and do not require any treatment. You just need to be patient - all these ailments will pass on their own.

Complications of vaccination

Side effects from vaccinations can be severe. However, one should not confuse such temporary painful manifestations and complications after measles-rubella-mumps vaccination, which, although rare, do occur. It:

• allergic reactions of varying intensity - from urticaria to anaphylactic shock;
• pneumonia;
• reactive arthritis;
• encephalitis;
• meningitis;
• myocarditis (inflammation of the heart muscle);
• glomerulonephritis.

Complications from MMR vaccinations in the form of violent allergies can be caused by antibiotics or chicken (or quail) egg protein, which are used in many vaccines. Pneumonia sometimes develops in children with chronic inflammatory processes in the respiratory organs, since the body's defenses are concentrated on the formation of immunity against the PDA.

Encephalitis or meningitis can only affect an extremely weak child, but such a complication occurs in one in a million vaccinated people. The likelihood of developing reactive arthritis is also extremely low. For this, there must be a predisposition to this pathology, which occurs if the child has had rheumatism. The age of the vaccinated also matters: the later the vaccine is administered, the greater the likelihood of complications in the form of arthritis.

When solving the issue of measles-mumps-rubella vaccination, many prefer the Belgian drug Priorix. This vaccine is distinguished by a very high degree of purification, efficiency and minimal side effects. Priorix is ​​well tolerated, has been used in world medical practice for many years, has no complaints and is widely used for MMR vaccinations for adults and children.

Video: complications from vaccinations