Removal of the 8th tooth from below the consequences of edema. Extraction of a figure eight tooth. Features of removing the upper and lower "eights"

wisdom teeth on mandible most often erupted in the period from 20 to 25 years. The terms are individual, in some they appear at 16, and in others at 40. In most cases, the appearance of eights is accompanied by various complications, due to which their removal is necessary. Malocclusion, eruption difficulties, tumors and injuries of the mucous membrane are far from full list possible problems.

Why is the removal of a wisdom tooth in the lower jaw separately distinguished? This procedure is more complicated due to the position of the figure eight (the photo shows how it is located). If on upper jaw it is enough to loosen and pull out the tooth with special forceps, then on the lower one in most cases this is not possible.

When is the extraction of the 8th tooth necessary?

It is not always necessary to remove the 8th tooth. However, there are many indications for this procedure. The main ones are tumors, destruction of the jawbone, sepsis ( general infection blood). Also, an absolute indication is osteomyelitis of the jaw, accompanied by purulent tissue destruction. Another reason is the destruction of the crown of the tooth (the upper part is destroyed to the level of the bone). The last key indication is acute periodontitis(destruction of the integrity of the ligaments holding the chewing unit in the alveolus).

Sometimes, when teething, the figure eight injures the mucous membrane, causing irritation. The result is erosion and ulcers. If the body is disposed to oncological diseases, it can develop into a cancerous tumor.

8 tooth can be impacted, that is, not cut through to the end, then it is in wrong position. If it is located vertically, then perhaps it does not bring discomfort and its removal is not necessary, but if it is horizontal, then this procedure is necessary. It can destroy neighboring chewing units and bone.

The installation of braces requires the removal of wisdom teeth, even if they do not bring problems. This is due to the fact that they can interfere with the normal and painless restoration of the dentition.

Caries is another reason why removal is recommended. lower tooth wisdom. It is not necessary to specify which chewing units are most susceptible to caries. The position of the eights is such that complete care behind them is difficult, which leads to disease. A molar can be filled, but usually these measures are temporary, sooner or later the disease will begin to progress.

There are also relative readings:

difficult cutting;
sinusitis;
the need for prosthetics;
root softening;
tooth fracture;
bite problems;
inflammation of the hood - pericoronitis;
pulpitis;
pinched nerve.

Is it painful to remove a wisdom tooth?

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Patients often put off removing their wisdom teeth for fear of pain. However, in the twenty-first century, this fear is unfounded, in our time, this operation is performed with the use of analgesics in one hundred percent of cases. Pain may occur after the anesthetic wears off, but it is minor and would be more accurately described as discomfort that disappears quickly with certain medications.

All of the above applies to most people. For some, the use of anesthetics is not necessary. This applies to patients:

suffering from drug addiction;
abusing painkillers;
having an extensive purulent process (the phenomenon is extremely rare).

The answer to the question "Does it hurt?" also depends on where the wisdom teeth grow. For example, chewing elements located on top are easier to remove than those that grow from below.

This is due to the fact that the lower teeth are characterized by long crooked roots and a hard-to-reach position. Accordingly, it is more painful to remove them.

What is the difference between tooth extraction in the upper and lower jaw?

upper teeth wisdom is removed more easily, since the structure of the jaws and molars is different (we recommend reading:). On the bottom it turns out huge pressure, as the upper jaw constantly exerts pressure on them. For this reason, they are more massive, and their roots are stronger and have a sinuous shape. Not surprisingly, their removal is much more difficult.

Extraction of teeth from below can have more consequences, as the surgeon makes more efforts. The result is a possible fracture of the jaw, damage to adjacent molars, gum injury.

Anesthesia is also different: there are more vessels and nerves in the upper jaw and it is less massive. It is enough to inject an anesthetic into the area next to the molar, and this will not have any consequences. After anesthesia of the lower jaw, sensation of the tongue, face, ear and throat is often lost.

Preparation and stages of the operation

There are two types surgical intervention. When idle, drilling is not carried out bone tissue or gum incision. The dentist uses only forceps and an elevator (a tool for removing the roots of teeth, separating them from the bone). The procedure lasts up to one hour.

For difficult removal, use a drill, incise soft tissues. This requires the removal of a “lying” or impacted tooth. In such cases, it is located in the thickness of the bone, making it difficult to access. This operation can take several hours.

In general, the procedure takes place in several stages:

collection of tests, diagnosis;
anesthesia;
tooth extraction;
cleansing the wound, suturing.

Easy removal

It is necessary psychologically to prepare for the removal of a wisdom tooth, this applies to both simple and complex operation. For your own peace of mind, study the stages of the procedure, reviews about the clinic, discuss everything with the dentist and try to gain confidence. This operation not so scary.

The first thing the doctor will do is find out if there are allergic reactions to medications or diseases, indicators blood pressure etc. This information help reduce possible risks.

The second stage is anesthesia. The vast majority of dentists pull out wisdom teeth using local anesthesia. The exception is rare clinics where general anesthesia is used. Few would agree to this.

The next step is the actual removal. The tooth is removed from the alveolus using forceps and unfamiliar ordinary person elevators. This is a simple tool that consists of a pear-shaped handle, a rod and a curved working part. The lever principle is applied, where the bone or adjacent teeth act as a support.

The final stage - the dentist takes out the fragments of the root from the hole, if any. The wound is washed with antiseptic and anti-inflammatory agents.

Some doctors then sew up the wound to prevent the hole from bleeding and becoming re-infected. Recommendations are given for oral care.

Complex removal

Patients who already have complex operations on their account are in no hurry to go for another one. Although they are used strong anesthetics, the pain after removal is palpable. The difficulty lies in the position of the tooth: it is either completely or half in the bone, or it grows horizontally.

Removal requires a gum incision, root separation or bone removal (we recommend reading:). Used drill and others surgical instruments. An x-ray is required prior to the operation.

The sequence of stages of the operation does not differ from a simple one. After X-ray diagnostics, the doctor collects an anamnesis and prepares the oral cavity (plaque removal, removal of stones, etc.). Anesthesia is applied.

The surgeon cuts the gum and evaluates the position of the tooth according to the existing x-ray. Then he separates the roots with a drill and removes the tooth from the alveolus. The hole is cleared of fragments of roots, bone residues and other things. The edges of the wound are smoothed with special tools, it is washed with an antiseptic and sutured.

How difficult the procedure will be, the doctor determines. The cost depends on the degree of complexity.

X-ray diagnostics

Now wisdom teeth are not removed anywhere without an X-ray examination, because even in the absence of visible complications, there are often problems hidden behind the gums. These include, for example, long roots of irregular shape. They are not visible from the outside, externally the crown looks absolutely healthy. However, they are dangerous because they often break off, leaving pieces of dental tissue in the bones, which leads to inflammatory processes.

With the help of an x-ray, the number and structure of the roots is determined. Accordingly, the dentist will know how many of them he should extract. The study also allows you to learn about the direction of tooth growth, allowing the doctor to navigate. To obtain this information, an orthopantomograph is used. This is a digital x-ray machine that overview shots all oral cavity.

Orthopantomogram is superior to regular shots due to lack of human influence. Aiming radiography directly depends on how well the doctor will perform his work. It is also necessary to place the film deep, which is inconvenient for the patient, some cannot bear it for physiological reasons. Orthopantomography is performed using laser sensors attached to the head, the position of the person is fixed, which guarantees high quality images.

The patient, who is sure that the tooth will have to be removed in any case, can independently undergo X-ray diagnostics. Having received a ready-made X-ray, the doctor will plan the operation faster.

Consequences of removal

The consequences of removing the bottom eight are different, since the operation is difficult to tolerate by the body. Firstly, discomfort may appear a few hours after the procedure. It is caused by damaged gums and bone. In such cases, the dentist prescribes painkillers.

Also, in the first five hours, the hole bleeds. If the bleeding does not stop during this time, a swab soaked in a 3% hydrogen peroxide solution is applied to the wound. It needs to be bitten a little, and cold should be applied to the cheek.

Due to the effect of anesthetics, the temperature rises, chills appear, so the attending physician recommends taking antipyretics for three days. If the condition persists for more than a few days, it may indicate inflammation. Contact your dentist.

When to high temperature added putrid smell from the mouth, we can talk about the presence of alveolitis. The disease appears when an infection enters the wound, and inflammatory process is not limited to the gums, affecting the entire oral mucosa. The causes of the disease are poor-quality processing of the hole, spicy food or insufficient hygiene.

In some people, the capillaries are inelastic, which is why after the operation their walls are torn. As a result, hematomas appear, to which cold must be applied.

Sometimes the sensitivity of the lips, tongue, cheeks is lost. The phenomenon is observed if the dentist touches the nerve. Everything should recover within two weeks, otherwise appropriate treatment is prescribed.

Often there is swelling caused by tissue destruction. small swelling will disappear on its own in a few days. You can apply ice for 5-10 minutes.

Three days after the operation, the patient must visit the attending physician for examination. If the wound heals quickly, the stitches are removed after five days.

Despite the fact that the operation is carried out as painlessly as possible and with minimal consequences, after the removal of the lower eighth tooth, it is necessary to follow the doctor's recommendations in order to avoid complications. The rehabilitation period depends on how complicated the procedure was, on the characteristics of the body.

Sometimes swelling may persist for up to two days after the procedure. In this case, a wet tea bag (no additives) that should be applied to the hole can help. It must be kept until dry. The tannins of tea enhance the process of blood clotting, caffeine helps the wound heal faster.

For accelerated recovery oral health and reduce irritation will help the salt solution that is used for baths. For 200 g of water, 10 g of salt is taken, this is enough to reduce inflammation. They take a little solution into the mouth, hold it near the wound, and slowly spit it out. To avoid swelling, it is also recommended to sleep on a raised pillow.

Among the ancient Slavs, it was believed that the removal of the 8th tooth deprives a person of the protection of the ancestors, and they tried to avoid such a procedure, treating the “eight” with conspiracies. AT modern world everything has changed radically. The eighth teeth were classified as atavisms, and if there is evidence, the patient immediately receives a referral to the surgeon to remove them. In the USA, the removal of the 8th tooth is carried out as soon as its crown part appears above the gum, this service is even included in medical insurance. But dentists in our country consider such drastic measures to be unjustified, because the G8s can still be useful to the patient. Let's look at this issue in more detail.

What is 8 tooth?

Eighths are called wisdom teeth - the largest molars located at the edges of the dentition.

"Eights" is called the third pair on. They are also known as wisdom teeth. They erupt, as a rule, between the ages of 16 and 27, but sometimes much later. It is believed that with the eruption of these molars, the formation of the dentoalveolar system of a person is completed, and he becomes wise due to his age. Together with the third molars, and there are only 4 of them, there are 32 teeth in the human dentition - a complete set.

The third molars are called “eights”, since according to, just such serial number in the dentition they have. If you draw a conditional line between the front central incisors, starting from them to the right or left, the "wisdom teeth" will be eighth. Everything is simple.

Sometimes from the lips of a doctor in dentistry you can hear that these teeth are called completely unexpected numbers: 18, 28, 38, 48. A patient without knowledge of the matter may wonder where the 48th tooth came from and how he could not notice the extra 16 pieces. In fact, the numbers 1, 2, 3 and 4 in front of the figure eight indicate the location of the third molar: right or left, above or below. So, if the doctor looks at the patient's face, he will call the wisdom teeth on the right in the upper jaw 28th, on the bottom right - 38, on the top left - 18, and the bottom "eight" on the left will have the number 48. There are several more dental formulas, and according to each of them a wisdom tooth can have different names.

In the photo you can see that the roots of the "eights" can be winding and twisted.

Do humans need eighth teeth?

According to statistics, in 15% of the world's population, wisdom teeth do not erupt at all, since their rudiments are simply absent. Anthropologists say that the need for wisdom teeth in humans disappeared after the transition to soft food. Today, in our kitchen arsenal there are meat grinders, blenders, we can bake, boil and stew food, so that the load on the dentition modern people incomparable to that experienced by the jaws of our distant ancestors.

In 8 out of 10 people who have acquired third molars, they erupt problematically. Experts say that over the past century, the jaw of people has become about 12 millimeters. For "eights" there is simply no place on the jaw, so for many they grow as they should: under the gum, sideways, towards the tongue.

The X-ray image shows that the "eight" rests with the coronal part on the adjacent molar.

So the eighth teeth along with the dense hairline on the body and an elongated coccyx were attributed to atavisms - signs characteristic of our ancestors and absent in modern people normally. By the way, scientists say that in the future a person will lose the need for “twos” and “fives”, so that 32 teeth will soon finally cease to be taken as the norm.

However, if the wisdom teeth erupted correctly, do not rush to call them superfluous. If it became a question to treat or remove the 8th tooth during development on it, it is better to seal it. Despite the fact that in the process of chewing the "eight" play not so important role, they do not allow the rest of the teeth in the row to loosen. But the main thing is that with the loss of adjacent chewing teeth, the “eight” can become a support for or allow you to use it.

Extraction of 8 teeth

If the 8th tooth grows crookedly and, for example, its crown part scratches the mucous membrane of the cheeks, it will bring more harm than good. With constant damage to the mucosa, an ulcer forms on it, which can degenerate into a malignant tumor.

You have to pull out the "eight" in the presence of the following indications:

neglected caries, in which the tooth is destroyed very badly and it is impossible to save it;
complications such as , ;
- Difficulties in teething wisdom teeth;
abnormal growth of the molar, which, in addition to pain in the adjacent tooth, damage to the mucosa and gums, can lead to inflammation trigeminal nerve;
wisdom;
and its correction with orthodontic constructions.

Features of removing the upper and lower "eights"

While the removal of the upper 8 is easy and quick in most cases, the lower wisdom tooth can cause a lot of trouble for both the patient and the doctor. The point is in the features of the lower jaw bone and the molars themselves.

Teeth of the lower jaw are tested increased load, they not only participate in the process of chewing food, but also feel the pressure of the upper jaw. To do this, nature has made the units of the lower row more massive, and their roots are more powerful and stronger. So the removal of the 8th tooth from below for a dental surgeon can be a real challenge. Most often, for this, the doctor has to use various dental instruments to crush the tooth into pieces.

Using a drill, the dentist will break the tooth into smaller pieces.

Very often, the lower "eights" have too curved roots, which also makes the doctor's work difficult. To avoid unpleasant consequences when removing the 8th tooth from below, the dentist needs to see the whole picture, so you can’t do without it.

So that sad consequences more often it has the removal of the 8th tooth from below, from above the operation almost always goes smoothly. In the process of extracting the lower wisdom tooth, the surgeon can apply excessive force, resulting in a fracture of the jaw, damage to the adjacent "seven", injury to the gums with slipped forceps.

How is tooth extraction performed?

Since tooth extraction is a painful procedure, it is performed exclusively under anesthesia. This is usually an anesthetic injection. After the drug has taken effect and sensitivity will disappear, the doctor will proceed directly to the operation. If the tooth is located under the gum, it will have to be cut. In the case when there is also bone tissue above the molar, it will also have to be removed. A large tooth with twisting roots or if it is impossible to grab the molar with forceps, the doctor will extract it in parts, after using a burr. If the gum had to be cut, at the end of the operation, sutures are placed on the incision site, they will be removed after a couple of weeks. The place of manipulation is treated with antiseptics, the patient is given a snack gauze swab and tell how to proceed further in order to avoid complications after the removal of the 8th tooth.

How to avoid complications after removing the 8-ki?

Take very seriously the precise implementation of all the recommendations of the surgeon. This will help to avoid such dangerous consequences how:

- inflammation of the hole in which the tooth was located;
swelling and inflammation of the gums;
bleeding from the hole - it can appear even a day after the operation;
osteomyelitis is a complication of alveolitis.

Normally, after the tooth is extracted, a blood clot forms in its place, which subsequently turns into fibrous tissue, and already a bone is formed from it. Usually, within a couple of months, the hole is completely filled with bone tissue.

In order for the healing process to proceed well, follow these recommendations:

if the gauze swab fills with blood, it must be changed regularly for a new one, as it becomes a breeding ground for infection;
if the blood does not stop flowing from the hole after a day, go to the doctor;
within 4 hours after the operation, you can not eat, drink liquids and smoke (therefore, you should eat before visiting the surgeon);
to the cheek problem area ice can be applied to reduce pain and swelling;
try to limit fluid intake on the first day after surgery, as it can wash out the clot;
give up physical activity, visits to the bath, sauna on the first day after the procedure;
eat mushy and mashed warm food, try to chew on opposite side jaws;
in the first 2 days, refuse to brush your teeth with a brush and paste;
try not to open your mouth wide when yawning, laughing or screaming so that the seams do not come apart.

Do not forget to ask the surgeon what pain medications you can take if the pain is too strong. Usually dentists recommend Ibuprofen, Ketorol,.

Every adult has come across eighth teeth, painful teething, deletion and all related problems. It is necessary to understand why they are called that, why they are needed at all, where they are located, how do “wise” eights differ from the rest? What troubles can bring when it is necessary to remove, and does it hurt?

Where are wisdom teeth located?

Wisdom teeth or figure eights are named after their location and late eruption. Starting from the central incisor, they will be the eighth in a row (that is, they are located at the very end of the row). There should be four “wise” teeth in total, but for one reason there may be fewer of them. Formation begins with the crown at the age of 12-14 years. Roots develop later. Many are interested in the question, how many of them are there? The roots can be either 4 or 5, or one fused. Wisdom teeth grow from the age of 18-20, however, their eruption often occurs after forty.

Why are eights needed?

This article talks about typical ways to solve your questions, but each case is unique! If you want to know from me how to solve exactly your problem - ask your question. It's fast and free!

The growth of the eighth teeth is laid down by nature, since before they were simply necessary, in connection with the use of hard and unprocessed food. This explains the elongated jaw of ancient man. With the development of civilization, food became much softer, so the historical purpose of wisdom teeth came to naught. With evolution, the human jaw has decreased, which means that there is also less space for wisdom teeth. There are many problems associated with their eruption. Now eights are teeth that may be needed during prosthetics.

Therapeutic treatment

The treatment of wisdom teeth is not easy and long due to the strong curvature of their roots. It can be difficult for a doctor to completely clean and seal curved and branched roots, which makes treatment ineffective. The distant location of the eighth teeth makes it difficult to access them, and can provoke the patient vomiting reflex. Provided that the wisdom teeth have fully erupted and the doctor sees no other obstacles, a variety of procedures are applied. In parallel with treatment in dentistry, a course of antibiotics or antibacterial drugs is sometimes prescribed.

Indications for treatment:

preparation for prosthetics (8s can come in handy, especially if there are no sevens and sixes);
the wisdom tooth has completely erupted and is positioned correctly;
the wisdom tooth has an antagonist, and they are both used during chewing (removal of 8 may cause deformation of the opposite jaw).

When is removal shown?

Practice shows that wisdom teeth are needed only in isolated cases, and a modern person can easily live without them (and life often becomes more comfortable without them). Wisdom tooth extraction is a standard procedure performed by dentists all the time. You can find many on the web informative videos, which describes and shows the entire process in detail. There are many indications for the removal of wisdom teeth:

severe pain of an unerupted tooth;
inflammatory process and suppuration that accompanies eruption;
wrong growth;
lack of free space for a wisdom tooth;
carious destruction;
cyst.

Removing a wisdom tooth in the upper jaw is much easier. This is due to the fact that the bone tissue of the upper jaw is less strong and dense, and the roots are more straight. The upper wisdom teeth are easier to pull out in a simple way. The lower wisdom teeth "sit" much stronger. Their roots are prone to curvature, which makes it difficult for the doctor to work.

During the removal of the lower eights, x-rays are always taken to determine the complexity of the work. The removal of a wisdom tooth in the lower jaw is most often carried out through surgery.

There are two ways to remove eights:

Simple tooth extraction. Used when the wisdom tooth is completely out, the doctor can remove it with forceps or other instruments. During a simple wisdom tooth extraction, the patient is given an ordinary anesthetic injection. The procedure itself is completely painless, only slight pressure can be felt. In this way, wisdom teeth are often removed in the upper jaw.
Complicated tooth extraction. It is a small operation during which the doctor cuts the gum and removes the wisdom tooth. Complicated tooth extraction is performed under various types anesthesia, depending on the complexity and duration of the procedure. The extraction of a tooth in the lower jaw is often accompanied by surgical intervention, which allows less trauma to the bone and soft tissues.

A broken tooth hurts

This happens when there is not enough space for eruption or the 8 tries to grow in the wrong direction, that is, it “lies”. With the horizontal growth of the wisdom tooth, its crown is directed to the side. In this case, there is pressure not only on the adjacent seven, but on the entire row. Prolonged pressure of the wisdom tooth leads to crowding and deformation of the entire row, so its removal is mandatory.

The position of the wisdom tooth can be directed towards the cheek. This causes pain, and can also be fraught with other complications (inflammatory process and suppuration). In both cases, the method of complex extraction of teeth is used. After inspection based on x-rays the dentist evaluates the position of the wisdom tooth and proceeds to remove it.

Development of caries

The defeat of the eight tooth by caries is a fairly common occurrence. One of the reasons for which is insufficient oral hygiene due to its distant location. Complete treatment maybe not always, but you need to solve the problem quickly, since caries quickly spreads through the oral cavity.

Both simple and complex methods can be used. Simple removal is possible provided that the wisdom tooth has erupted, and caries has not completely destroyed it. This method more commonly used to remove upper wisdom teeth. With abundant caries, the doctor first drills the affected areas, and then removes it with an instrument. Complicated removal is used when caries has almost completely destroyed the crowns, and it is impossible to pull them out with a tool. This is especially true when removing lower teeth.

Purulent inflammation of the gums

The removal of the wisdom tooth in this case is mandatory, as the inflammation will spread and worsen. The inflammatory process usually develops when wrong growth wisdom tooth. That is, 8 does not grow upward, but horizontally towards the cheek. In this case, the gum becomes inflamed, inner part cheeks and nearby mucous membranes. They are constantly injured by their teeth while eating, infection and microbes get into the wounds, which provokes purulent inflammation, in order to understand how it looks, it is worth studying medical photos.

When removing horizontal wisdom teeth, they resort to surgical intervention. The dentist needs to remove the figure eight, if possible, clean the suppuration and sew up the wound. In the future, the patient will continue treatment at home with antiseptics and antibiotics.

Painful sensations

With constant pain with the removal of a wisdom tooth, you should not delay even if it has completely erupted. It is possible that the pain is associated with a lack of space. At constant pressure displacement of the dentition occurs. It causes chronic pain and leads to curvature. Both methods of removing wisdom teeth are used here, depending on the individual clinical case.

Completely erupted wisdom teeth in the upper jaw can be pulled out with ordinary forceps. In the lower jaw, complex extractions of teeth are more often resorted to. Surgery is appropriate even if they have grown completely. This will help reduce tissue trauma when pulling curved roots from dense bone.

Cyst

The development of a cyst is possible when the eruption of wisdom teeth is very long (this can last for several years) (see also:). In most cases, the cyst develops on the lower jaw. Education may not grow for a long time, that is, the disease will proceed without obvious symptoms.

If the cyst increases (liquid accumulates in it), there is significant pressure on the gums and the entire dentition, which is very painful. An infection can get into the cyst, which will provoke complications in the form of purulent inflammation and flux. Eights are removed by surgery. The upper wisdom teeth are also subject to removal with the help of surgery.

How to prepare for the operation?

Preparing for the operation is simple, it does not require much time. A detailed x-ray is taken, it gives an accurate picture of the position of the figure eight. The physician then takes a history to rule out the possibility allergic reaction for one of the drugs. Personal preparation of the patient depends on the method of anesthesia chosen by the dentist.

The process of removing wisdom teeth can last from half an hour to two hours, based on this, and the type of anesthesia is selected. During the procedure, the patient does not feel pain. It appears after the effect of painkillers wears off. Pain depend on the degree of intervention and accompany the patient until complete recovery.

For quick healing, the patient is prescribed a number of medications that are aimed at relieving pain, swelling, inflammation, as well as preventing infection. AT given period regular rinsing of the mouth, application of cold, personal hygiene and diet are shown (hot, spicy, alcohol, etc. are excluded).

Consequences and possible complications

The process of tooth extraction is not easy and is always accompanied by possible consequences. With complex deletion, this list grows:

Is it possible to avoid the inflammation of the "eights"?

If the wisdom tooth climbs in the wrong direction, or there is no room in the gum, it is impossible to avoid inflammation. A person cannot influence the lying position, so he will have to be pulled out. For teeth that have grown, you must carefully monitor, observe oral hygiene, clean the eights, use dental floss. This will help prevent tooth decay, and hence inflammation. It is worth remembering to visit the dentist regularly, who can notice future troubles and solve the problem in time.

The rudiments of teeth are formed during the period prenatal development fetus, and the last, the wisdom tooth, completes its development and erupts at the age of 17-25 years. "Eight" for someone can be a real torture, because many resort to surgical procedure called wisdom tooth extraction

What are the structural features of the eighth tooth and how to remove painlessly? Let's take it step by step.

The structure of the eighth tooth. retraction

Wisdom tooth, or as it is also called the figure eight, - ordinary tooth, is identical in structure to all the others. But there are some differences, which lie in the peculiar function and atypical form root:

The wisdom tooth does not take on any of the functions of the dentoalveolar system. Its chewing load is zero;
it is deprived of one supporting tooth on the distal side, which can lead to improper eruption;
also the figure eight has no predecessor - milk tooth, which prepares the conditions for physiological eruption;
the roots of the eighth tooth may be different amount- from one, when several splicing occurs, up to five, - it is impossible to determine the exact number;
another feature is that the roots are very curved, and therefore the treatment of wisdom teeth is a difficult procedure.

And the wisdom tooth got its name due to the wonderful age during which it erupts - 18-25 years. When all 28 teeth have already taken their place in the dentition, the eights simply may not have enough space, and such a pathology is referred to as retention. As a result - difficult removal wisdom tooth. The process is especially painful and with complications in people after 30 years.

An improperly erupted tooth creates a number of inconveniences. Such as constant throbbing pain, aggravated by chewing and talking, a feeling of discomfort in the oral cavity. In addition, retraction can cause rows in the frontal region, papillitis and periodontitis.

Features of the extraction of the eighth tooth. Removal of a wisdom tooth in the lower jaw

The timing and side of the eruption is individual for each, but dentists recommend removing the eighth tooth, even when it is healthy, in order to avoid complications.

The removal of a wisdom tooth in the lower jaw has its own characteristics. The dentist-surgeon performs the operation with the help of special dental forceps for teeth in the lower jaw - with open cheeks. Under anesthesia, the dentist makes an incision in the mucous membrane of the gums and drills a hole in the bone tissue. If necessary, the tooth crown is sawn into several parts with a bur or a special disk. Medicine is placed in the alveolar socket, and it is sutured.

This procedure is the safest - it minimizes the risk of injuring neighboring teeth, bone and mucous membranes.

The duration of the operation is from 30 to 50 minutes. When there are indications for the removal of several wisdom teeth, the operation is performed at intervals of 3 weeks. Treatment of other teeth, professional cleaning and other dental procedures can be carried out 2-4 weeks after the removal of the figure eight.

Physiologically, figure eights on the lower jaw can have more roots than on the top. Their removal is quick and painless. The simplicity of the procedure is also due to the fact that the lower jaw bone is denser, and complications in the form of a fracture occur less frequently.

The removal of the lower wisdom tooth should be accompanied by the following procedures:

physiotherapeutic methods: fluctoorization;
washing the mouth with antiseptics;
applications from natural herbs: oak bark, aloe;
irrigation of the oral cavity antiseptic preparations(Furacilin, Hexoral) and decoctions of herbs that have anti-inflammatory properties (sage, St. John's wort, chamomile, oak bark);
with significant pain - analgesics (drug "Nimulid" 1 tablet).

Absolute indications for the extraction of the eighth tooth

There are absolute and relative indications for the extraction of the eighth tooth. When is it necessary to remove a wisdom tooth? Tumor, destruction of bone tissue, sepsis are among the few absolute readings. The list can be supplemented by such processes in the oral cavity:

Relative indications for extraction of the eighth tooth

These were absolute contraindications. Now let's list the relative ones:

retraction (impossibility of normal eruption);
odontogenic sinusitis;
dental prosthetics;
softening of the root of the tooth;
fracture of the root and part of the crown of the tooth;
malocclusion;
violation of the root bifurcation.

In what other cases should you consult a dentist to avoid complications?

The wisdom tooth, which begins to erupt, injures the mucous membrane of the cheeks. Constant irritation leads to erosion, and then ulcers. When the body is predisposed to oncological diseases, the process can develop into a malignant tumor of the buccal mucosa. To avoid this, you should go to a specialist and remove the tooth. If the process is started and a neoplasm appears, you should consult an oncologist. The dentist who finds the tumor is also required to send you to a specialist.
An inflamed wisdom tooth becomes a focus of pathological infectious processes. pathogenic microorganisms can enter the bloodstream, lymph and spread throughout the body, causing sepsis - blood poisoning. This is very serious condition which can be fatal.
Purulent inflammation can cause infection of the body - its intoxication. The person weakens, apathy appears and constant fatigue, decreases mental activity memory deteriorates. It is not always possible for such patients to make a correct diagnosis due to the fact that the tooth is in chronic stage inflammation does not disturb and does not cause suspicion.

Recovery after the extraction of the eighth tooth

In spite of modern technologies which are actively used by the branch of medicine - dentistry, the recovery period after surgical operations goes differently for everyone. The worst thing that your wisdom tooth was waiting for was the removal. The photo below can prove that there is nothing to fear for those who decide to get rid of the discomfort created by the figure eight.

The experience of doctors and high-quality painkillers successfully solve problems associated with the pathology of the dentition.

After wisdom tooth retraction, several useful advice specialists:

If within a day (or 1-2 days) does not pass, then you can use a tea bag. You need to apply it to the alveolar socket and keep it until it dries. The tannins found in tea promote blood clotting, and the caffeine improves blood circulation. 'cause it happens fast healing wounds.
To reduce irritation and speed up regeneration, you can rinse your mouth with saline. To do this, dissolve 1 teaspoon of salt in a glass of water and rinse your mouth several times a day.
In cases where, after removal, it torments It's a dull pain, you need to apply ice to the cheek. This prevents swelling and soothes pain due to vasoconstriction.
During sleep, the head should be elevated - this also reduces the likelihood of swelling.
The gum after the removal of a wisdom tooth should not be exposed to extreme temperatures and solid food.
In the evening, the pain intensifies, so put everything you need near the bed: gauze, cotton wool, painkillers.
Do not use drinking straws for some time after the operation. The vacuum they create slows down the recovery processes of the soft tissues around the alveolar socket. extracted tooth. Such pernicious influence also have cigarettes and alcohol - exclude them for the recovery period.

Carrying out a complex operation to remove the eighth tooth

What is the complicated extraction of a wisdom tooth, and how does such an operation differ from the usual procedure?

Complicated removal of a wisdom tooth involves the use of drills, suturing wounds and making incisions. Most often, this procedure is impacted teeth wisdom or teeth with a horizontal arrangement, as in this radiograph.

The bone has to be sawn out to extract the tooth and its root. The procedure is performed under anesthesia. Such operations are carried out only in the conditions of the surgical room with absolute cleanliness and all the rules of antiseptics.

Re-admission is made 2-3 days after the operation. The patient is placed with absorbable sutures, which are removed after complete healing of the wound edges.

Methodology

Incision and detachment from the bone of the soft tissues of the attached gum.
Sawing out the bone lying above the tooth being removed.
Extraction from the alveolar socket.
Stitching the wound.

After the procedure, the dentist puts a sterile gauze swab with a hemostatic agent (heparin) on the hole. The tampon is spit out after 15 minutes to prevent bacterial growth.

It is not recommended to smoke, drink hot, do heavy work after the procedure. physical labor. If you are concerned about fever after the removal of a wisdom tooth, the doctor prescribes antipyretic drugs and a second examination by a dentist.

Complications after surgery

What is dangerous wisdom tooth removal The consequences of the operation may be invisible to someone, but for someone turn into pain and constant trips to the doctor.

Removing a wisdom tooth in the lower jaw can save you a lot of trouble. Despite the complications that surgery or medications can provoke, it is better to resort to surgical method and get rid of excruciating pain and serious consequences for the rest, more useful and functional teeth.

Pain before removal

Painless removal of wisdom teeth - anesthesia and local anesthesia. AT contemporary practice Dentists use local anesthesia to relieve pain before removing teeth. And only in rare cases carry out the procedure under general anesthesia for kids. Only because children are more prone to fear of dental instruments and do not allow them to perform a normal tooth extraction from the hole.

Before the operation to remove the eighth tooth in the lower jaw, local anesthesia anesthetize the surrounding tissues with an injection. For this, drugs are used: Novocain, Dikain, Trimekain, Lidocaine. Also, local anesthesia is used if the hole hurts after the removal of a wisdom tooth.

In the case when the patient is very nervous before the procedure, sedatives are used: oral sedatives and intravenous sedatives.

The most effective are intravenous sedatives, they have a long and deep effect. But before using it is necessary to consult with a specialist and find out if there is an allergy to a particular drug and its components.

Contraindications for wisdom tooth extraction

There are not so many contraindications to the removal of the eighth tooth in the lower jaw. But there are nuances that you should pay attention to before the procedure.

recent heart surgery or myocardial infarction;
sharp infectious diseases(SARS, influenza, herpes);
chronic diseases of the cardiovascular system;
problems with the digestive tract;
high pressure;
three days before and during menstruation;
period of pregnancy.

These contraindications are not absolute, and under the supervision of a doctor, it is possible to carry out the procedure for extracting the eighth tooth in the lower jaw.

The majority successfully and without complications undergoes the removal of a wisdom tooth in the lower jaw. The reviews show that the condition after the operation improves rapidly, the pain gradually disappears, discomfort in the oral cavity. Timely extraction of the wisdom tooth prevents complicated consequences retention for the oral cavity and the whole body.

In the lower jaw, wisdom teeth usually begin to form at the age of 20-25, although occasionally they erupt at the age of 15 and after 40. Moreover, according to numerous studies, in almost 80% of cases their eruption is associated with certain complications. We note the most common problems due to the appearance of wisdom teeth in the lower jaw, which most often provoke their removal:

complications of caries (periodontitis, periostitis, osteomyelitis, etc.);
malocclusion and misalignment neighboring teeth(formation of crowding);
difficult teething (pericoronitis);
formation of cysts, tumors and various neoplasms near the roots
violation of the structure and function of the temporomandibular joint;
chronic injury of the buccal mucosa due to improper tilt of the wisdom tooth, which can cause the development of a long-term non-healing ulcer, which, in turn, can even turn into a malignant tumor.

It is interesting

In 8-10% of people, the eighth teeth do not form at all, and women most often do not have lower wisdom teeth, and men do not have upper ones. Approximately 0.1% of all cases develop large quantity wise teeth (mostly six) - usually two wisdom teeth appear on the upper jaw at once on both sides.

In order to prevent serious consequences associated, for example, with difficult eruption of the 8th tooth, its incorrect position in the jaw or severe carious destruction, it is important to contact a dental surgeon in time for timely help. Especially often severe consequences are observed when a person ignores obvious problems associated with the lower wisdom teeth.

However, even directly during the removal of the 8th tooth from below, certain problems can also arise, leading to the development of complications immediately after its removal or some time after the procedure. We will talk about all these important and interesting nuances further ...

Difficulties that often arise when removing the lower wisdom tooth

The structure of the lower jaw has a number of features that in the region of the lower eighth teeth create a lot of obstacles to their easy removal. For example, if the upper eighth teeth can almost always be successfully and quickly removed from the beginning to the end with forceps, then this is simply not possible with the lower teeth in 80-90% of cases.

Due to the massiveness and density of the lower jaw bone, it is not possible to carry out a normal grip and rocking of the tooth (especially in case of difficulty in its eruption, when only 20-30% of the crown part can be on the surface). Even in the presence of a well-defined and not destroyed by caries crown, shake the lower wisdom tooth, which is located in the thickness massive bone, is very, very problematic, especially when the roots have the most unpredictable number and location in the jaw.

Indeed, the twists and turns of the roots can be the most incredible. Often, the dentist has to deal with two or more roots bent at different angles, which make it difficult to extract even a tooth that is well loosened by the surgeon.

That is why, before carrying out the removal procedure, it may be necessary to make a diagnostic X-ray, allowing the dental surgeon to understand what he will have to deal with. This helps to avoid errors on the part of the doctor, and also reduces the risk of possible postoperative complications.

On a note

When removing the lower wisdom tooth, the dentist-surgeon is often forced to resort to various tricks, and can use a variety of tools. Forceps alone are often not enough here, so don’t be surprised and don’t be scared if suddenly the doctor starts literally sawing your tooth with a drill into pieces, or takes up a chisel and starts knocking on it ...

Possible consequences of removing the 8th tooth from below

Unfortunately, even after the lower wisdom tooth has already been removed, the consequences of the experience surgical intervention they can still make themselves felt in the future - after all, a large wound surface with torn tissues around it often remains in the oral cavity. Typical problems that can be encountered are heavy bleeding from the hole, gradually increasing pain, swelling of the cheeks and gums, inflammation and suppuration of the walls of the hole (alveolitis), and others.

Many people know from their own experience how long the lower wisdom tooth is sometimes removed and what palette of sensations after such an intervention awaits in the very near future. On the Internet you can find a large number of reviews that paint a rather terrible picture of the removal procedure itself and no less terrible after it.

“I have a sad story. My wisdom tooth on the bottom left pushed all the others, because of which they began to grow incorrectly. In the end, I decided to remove it immediately. And that was the worst thing I've ever experienced in hospitals. I came to the clinic, they anesthetized there, cut the gum, and then they began to twist the tooth out of the jaw! But it failed. Therefore, they began to crush it and gradually extract it into fragments. Terrible.

They tortured me for about 30 minutes, then they began to sew me up. Then she looked in the mirror in the corridor - it was necessary to see. Absolutely distorted face, everything is swollen on one side, a bruise all over his cheek. And when the frost began to pass, everything began to hurt, the constant taste of blood in the mouth.

I woke up at night and was horrified - my cheek became 3 times larger, all purple. In the morning I ran to the same doctor, who also gasped. And only after 2 weeks she began to look like a person ... "

Evgenia, St. Petersburg

All of this is, to some extent, true. dental clinics. In addition, not a single person is immune from the doctor’s mistakes and the consequences associated with this (sometimes during the procedure, the doctor, due to excessive effort, breaks the patient’s lower jaw, tears the corners of the mouth, can dislocate adjacent tooth(7), cut the cheek or gum with a tool that has come off, etc. )

However, if there are obvious problems caused by the 8th tooth from below, simply postponing its removal indefinitely and waiting for everything to somehow go away by itself is stupidity, which can sometimes even cause death. The lower chewing teeth generally have a specific position in the jaw: they are surrounded by well-perfused tissues, around their roots and under them there are spaces directly adjacent to the muscles, large vessels and nerves. The consequences associated with the departure of the infection deep into these spaces can be very serious and dangerous, and can create risks for human life.

If the tooth should be removed for orthodontic reasons, then delay with this often causes permanent malocclusion, as well as problems in the functioning of the lower jaw joint (all this in the future can lead to a serious deterioration in the quality of life, and someone can even ruin their career).

To regret a wisdom tooth that creates a chronic injury to the cheek means to bring development closer malignant tumor on the spot non-healing ulcer(and this is confirmed by the corresponding statistics of the appearance of cancer in the maxillofacial region).

Therefore, no matter how frightened you are by friends, relatives or even doctors - if there is a problem associated with wisdom teeth, then it must be solved quickly, without postponing “for later”.

“Recently I signed up for the removal of the lower wisdom tooth, because because of it my cheek was very swollen. I came to the municipality, they sent me for an x-ray, well, as usual. She brought an x-ray to the doctor: he looked at it meaningfully for a long time, then examined the tooth in his mouth. And imagine, he said that it was urgent to cut out the tooth along with the gum, and then sew the whole thing in and go to the reception 5 or 6 times until it healed. And he immediately said that most likely everything would be bad and painful, scared me to death. So I rushed away from this almshouse ...

In general, they did not help me there and did not reassure me at all. So I went back to normal. private clinic, albeit not with such low prices, but there they normally pulled out a wisdom tooth and gave me detailed advice what to do after removal so that the blood does not go and does not hurt much. So now I don’t give a damn about these clinics, otherwise they’ll cut off something extra along with the gum.”

Marianna, Samara

Severe bleeding from the hole of the extracted wisdom tooth

Bleeding after the removal of a wisdom tooth in the lower jaw occurs more often than when the lower 5, 6 or 7 teeth are removed, since there are richly vascularized gum tissues around the “eight”, and the complexity of the removal procedure itself plays an important role here, when the surrounding tissues are severely injured . The blood may not stop for a very long time: in such cases, the gauze swab that the dentist-surgeon leaves on the hole is abundantly saturated with blood.

Such bleeding can last from several hours to days.

On a note

The hole may not begin to bleed immediately, but several hours after the tooth is removed (the so-called secondary bleeding). Let's explain this point in more detail.

Removing a wisdom tooth in the lower jaw requires good anesthesia. Which anesthetic should be used in this clinical case the doctor decides, and in order to achieve the longest possible anesthesia, adrenaline is usually added to the drug, which greatly narrows blood vessels. That is why immediately after the extraction of a tooth, there may be almost no blood in the hole: the so-called “dry hole” effect occurs.

After 1-2 hours, the arterioles expand, and early secondary bleeding occurs. Late secondary bleeding (after a few days) may develop if the blood clot, for example, due to the inflammatory process.

Bleeding after tooth extraction can also occur for common reasons:

in diseases associated with impaired blood clotting;
when using anticoagulants direct action, as well as with an overdose of direct-acting anticoagulants, for example, heparin;
with hypertension.

Prolonged bleeding after the removal of a wisdom tooth (and any other) sometimes leads to serious consequences: deterioration general well-being, weakness, dizziness, decreased pressure, up to loss of consciousness. That is why it is so important to consult a doctor in time for advice if the blood from the hole after tooth extraction does not stop for a long time.

Home ways to stop bleeding from the hole do not always work.

Severe pain after the extraction of the eighth tooth

Postoperative pain during the first day is normal, especially if you remember how difficult it is sometimes to remove wisdom teeth in the lower jaw. In practice, it looks like this: within a couple of hours after passing the “freeze” from anesthesia, almost every person experiences quite severe pain.

Most often for prevention severe pain after tooth extraction, it is recommended to drink the first tablet 30 minutes after the procedure. For example, your doctor may prescribe the following medications:

Ketorol;
Nimesil;
Ketanov;
Nise;
Nurofen

If the socket continues to hurt badly in the days following the removal of the wisdom tooth and this pain is accompanied by other alarming symptoms (for example, fever, impaired mouth opening, putrid smell from the mouth), you should immediately contact your dentist for help.

Paresthesia or consequences of a nerve injury in the jaw

One of the rare, but very unpleasant consequences of removing a wisdom tooth in the lower jaw can be paresthesia of a part of the face, chin, lips, cheeks, tongue - partial or total loss their sensitivity. This complication is associated with damage to the mandibular nerve, which passes near the roots of the lower wisdom teeth: if during the operation the surgeon accidentally touches the nerve, then the person may then get the impression that the anesthesia does not go away.

In other words, all those signs of anesthesia that the patient feels before the procedure for removing the lower wisdom tooth remain after, and sometimes last for several weeks or months, depending on the severity of the nerve damage. With a minor injury to the mandibular nerve, paresthesia goes away on its own in 1-2 weeks, and physiotherapy and the use of special drugs accelerate this process.

In more rare cases, paresthesia after tooth extraction can persist for months and even be permanent.

Alveolitis

Simply put, alveolitis is the suppuration of the hole, which fully reflects the essence of the ongoing process. The occurrence of alveolitis after tooth extraction is mainly the result of the actions of the dentist, which are associated not only with the high trauma of the operation, the reflux of infectious contents carious tooth deep into the socket and leaving a "dry socket" without a normally formed blood clot, but also with insufficient information to the patient about postoperative care behind the hole If the rules of care and hygiene are violated, alveolitis can occur even with a normally performed removal of a wisdom tooth in the lower jaw.

Inflammation of the hole, as a rule, is accompanied by pain, fever, difficulty chewing on the side of removal, putrid breath, and slight swelling of the face. If the disease remains untreated or the treatment is carried out incorrectly, then at the site of the removed lower wisdom tooth, limited osteomyelitis, which causes a violation of the opening of the mouth and increased swelling of the gums and cheeks.

Complications of alveolitis can also be life-threatening abscess, phlegmon and lymphadenitis. Seek medical attention if you experience anxiety symptoms, as home treatments are almost always ineffective.

Summing up, it should be said that despite the certain complexity of removing a wisdom tooth in the lower jaw and the risks associated with it, it would be wrong to refuse surgical intervention if there are indications. The help of a doctor in such situations is really necessary.

If you had a chance to experience all the “charms” of removing the lower wisdom tooth from your own experience, be sure to leave your review at the bottom of this page!