How to cure pressure. What folk remedies to quickly increase the pressure at home. The degree of increase in blood pressure and the stage of the disease

Introduction

According to statistics, about 30% of the world's population suffer from arterial hypertension. Why is this disease dangerous? Mainly because it is most directly associated with diseases of the cardiovascular vascular system. 60-70% of stroke patients have arterial hypertension - the most important factor in the development of vascular atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease (one of the variants of which is myocardial infarction).

The problem of arterial hypertension has been known in medicine for a long time. In most cases, the disease is traditional treatment. But we are not used to taking care of our health, and this makes it difficult early detection diseases. If the diagnosis is made, we delay the start of treatment, do not follow the recommendations of doctors, cannot give up destructive bad habits, or self-medicate. But if the disease is started, then the consequences for health can be catastrophic.

In this book you will not find miraculous recipes for healing and exclusive healing techniques. The described methods of treatment can be found in any serious medical publication devoted to the problem of arterial hypertension. I would also like to point out that this book is not study guide in medicine. The drugs and non-drug therapies mentioned in this publication should not be considered the only ones available or the best. Indications and contraindications for the appointment of certain drugs and methods of therapy, as well as the dose and duration of treatment, are determined by the doctor, individually in each case.

The purpose of the book is to help the reader navigate the methods of diagnosing hypertension, to understand the main directions drug therapy, recipes of traditional medicine, to acquaint with methods of disease prevention.

Arterial hypertension is a sign of trouble in the body. Therefore, due to the serious threat that hypertension poses to life and health, self-treatment of this condition is unacceptable.

If you understand the damage to your health caused by uncontrolled high pressure, start monitoring your well-being, think about how correct your lifestyle is, sacrifice some bad habits and just see a doctor on time - you will already take the first step towards health and longevity.

The structure and function of the cardiovascular system

This vital important system The body includes, as the name implies, the heart and blood vessels. All tissues of our body require a constant supply of nutrients and oxygen. Proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, microelements and other nutrients enter the body with food, they are digested in the gastrointestinal tract and absorbed into the blood in a crushed form (the walls of the stomach and intestines are permeated with small blood vessels). With the blood flow, they are carried throughout the body, delivered to their destination (previously, many substances pass through the liver, which neutralizes substances toxic to the body). Oxygen with inhaled air enters the lungs, where it reaches their final sections through the system of branching bronchi - alveoli, special sacs through the walls of which oxygen seeps into the blood vessels adjacent to them. Carbon dioxide passes from the vessels to the alveoli, which is removed with the exhaled air.

Thus, blood vessels are needed to deliver oxygen and nutrients to the tissues and organs of our body, as well as to remove metabolic products. The heart is a pump that pushes blood through the vessels.

Oxygen is vital for the body. From the left side of the heart, oxygen-enriched blood enters the aorta, a large vessel, from where it is carried by smaller branching arterial vessels throughout the body. This is the arterial vascular system. From the tissues, the blood, which has given up oxygen and saturated with carbon dioxide, enters the vessels venous system. Through the veins, blood reaches the right side of the heart. This concludes the so-called systemic circulation.

From the right side of the heart, blood enters the lungs, where it gives off carbon dioxide and is again saturated with oxygen. Oxygenated blood from the lungs enters the left side of the heart. This so-called pulmonary circulation. From the left parts of the heart, the blood again goes into a large circle.

Let's try to figure out how the blood pressure in our vessels is formed and regulated. As we already know, this pressure is necessary to drive blood through the vessels and enrich our tissues and organs with oxygen and nutrients. Therefore, this pressure must be stable and sufficient to ensure a constant blood supply to all tissues. But at the same time, jumps or an increase in blood pressure above the norm are dangerous and have an extremely negative impact on human health. How does the body maintain balance in this system?

So, blood pressure is maintained by rhythmic contractions of the heart, which acts as a pump that pumps blood into the vessels of the systemic circulation. The walls of some vessels (the so-called resistive vessels - arterioles and precapillaries) are equipped with muscle structures that can contract and, consequently, narrow the lumen of the vessel. This creates resistance to blood flow in the tissue, and it accumulates in the general circulation, increasing systemic pressure.

The role of the heart in the formation of blood pressure is thus determined by the amount of blood that it ejects into the vascular bed per unit time. This quantity is defined by the term cardiac output, or minute volume of the heart(MO). The role of resistive vessels is defined as total peripheral resistance(OPS), which depends mainly on the radius of the lumen of the vessels (namely arterioles), that is, on the degree of their narrowing, as well as on the length of the vessels and blood viscosity.

MO and OPS are interconnected. With an increase in the amount of blood ejected by the heart into the vascular bed, the pressure increases. To maintain an adequate level of blood pressure, the smooth muscles of the resistive vessels relax, their lumen increases (that is, the total peripheral resistance decreases), blood is coming into peripheral tissues, and systemic arterial pressure decreases. Conversely, with an increase in total peripheral resistance, a decrease in minute volume occurs.

What pressure should be considered elevated?

It should be noted that if a patient has grade I hypertension, this does not mean that he is at less risk of dangerous complications than a patient with grade III hypertension. The fact is that most of the cardiovascular complications in patients with hypertension occur in patients with moderate arterial hypertension (grade II), and not with severe (grade III), as might be expected.

A single increase in blood pressure does not allow a diagnosis of arterial hypertension, but, of course, requires attention. And if during the next two therapeutic examinations (with an interval of at least a week) there will also be an increase in blood pressure above the norm, that is, above 140/90 mm Hg. Art., then the diagnosis of arterial hypertension can be considered justified. Formally, such a diagnosis can be made only after three visits to the doctor.

It is very important to follow a number of rules for measuring blood pressure. Since this procedure can be carried out at home, we will dwell on the technique for its implementation.

How to measure blood pressure

To measure blood pressure, we need a tonometer and a phonendoscope. This method was developed by the Russian surgeon N. S. Korotkov.

A tonometer cuff is placed on the patient's shoulder, and air is forced into the cuff reservoir using a pear. As a result, the brachial artery is completely clamped, the blood flow through it stops. In the area of ​​the elbow bend, above the projection of the brachial artery, a stethoscope (phonendoscope) membrane is installed so that it fits snugly against the skin, with light pressure. In this case, it is desirable that the nozzle of the stethoscope does not come into contact with the edge of the cuff or the tubes of the tonometer.

The air is gradually released from the cuff. The speed at which air should be bled is about 2 mm Hg. Art. per second. As a result, the pressure in the cuff drops. The blood that is driven through the vessels of the contraction of the heart, under pressure, begins to break through the obstacle created by the cuff. When the blood pressure in the vessels becomes greater than the pressure in the cuff, the blood will begin to jolt (at the moment of contraction of the heart, when the pressure in the vessels is maximum) to break through the brachial artery, overcoming the pressure in the cuff. At the same time, the blood hits the walls of the narrowed vessel squeezed by the cuff with force, and the examiner hears these pulsating beats through the phonendoscope.

These sound phenomena are called Korotkov's tones. After the appearance of the first tone, register systolic pressure - the highest blood pressure measured during contraction (systole) of the heart.

Gradually, the pressure in the cuff becomes less and less, and the blood passes through the vessel more and more easily. Until the patency of the vessel is fully restored and nothing interferes with the blood flow, it passes freely, without hitting the walls of the vessel, and the tones disappear. At this point register diastolic pressure- the lowest blood pressure, measured when the heart muscle is in a relaxed state (diastole) between two contractions, and which reflects vascular tone to a greater extent.

Two main types of blood pressure monitors are used in practice: mechanical (mostly aneroid) and digital. The first are based on the Korotkov method. A conventional mechanical tonometer is a device familiar to most for measuring blood pressure. It has a cuff that is put on the arm (wrapped around the shoulder). The cuff is connected with a pear by means of one tube, compressing which air is pumped into the cuff. With the help of a second tube, it is connected to a pressure gauge equipped with a graduation scale.

This method is the standard for examination of patients adopted by WHO. Although this is a fairly simple procedure, it still requires some training and a good skill for accurate measurements. In addition, the accuracy of this method is highly dependent on the state of hearing, vision and accuracy of the examiner's hand movements. Therefore, electronic (digital) blood pressure monitors are widely used at home.

Digital blood pressure monitors are based on an oscillometric method for measuring blood pressure, based on electronic processing of the vibration of a sound wave created in the cuff by heart contractions. The result is displayed digitally on the instrument monitor. Working with electronic blood pressure monitors is simple and eliminates possible errors.

There are automatic devices, which themselves inflate and release air from the cuff, and semi-automatic, when you need to inflate the air yourself. Lack of all electronic blood pressure monitors is that the microphone used in these devices captures a large amount of extraneous noise. Therefore, there is sensitivity to any changes in cuff pressure, which can be caused, for example, by slight movement of the arm or by talking. Also, some of them incorrectly register blood pressure in patients with arrhythmias. In addition to electronic blood pressure monitors mounted on the shoulder, there are also electronic blood pressure monitors that measure blood pressure on the wrist and even on the finger. In general, the accuracy of electronic tonometers varies from different manufacturers, more accurate and perfect tonometers and are somewhat more expensive.

In addition, in order to obtain correct measurement results a number of rules must be strictly observed:

– Before the procedure, it is necessary to exclude the use of drugs that affect blood pressure, as well as the intake of food, coffee and tea.

– Do not smoke for 30 minutes before the procedure.

– Measurements are taken after a five-minute rest at rest, in a comfortable environment (if the measurements were preceded by physical or emotional stress, then the duration of rest is 30 minutes).

– If the patient's condition allows, measurements are taken in a sitting position.

- The hand should be freely located on the table, the fingers of the palm are unclenched, it should be freed from constricting clothing.

- The cuff is applied slightly above the elbow, where the pulse is most felt (the middle of the cuff should be at the level of the heart), its lower edge should be 2 cm above the elbow bend.

- On average, the length of the cuff is 30-40 cm. In width, it should capture somewhere 2/3 of the length of the shoulder (on average 12-14 cm) or hips (on average 18-20 cm).

– Apply the cuff so that one finger can be inserted under it.

At the first measurement, blood pressure is measured on both arms. If there is no significant difference, then measurements can be taken only on the working hand (on the right for right-handers, on the left for left-handers). If the difference is more than 10 mm Hg. Art., then they are guided by a higher blood pressure and measurements are taken on the arm with high pressure.

Repeated blood pressure readings differ from each other due to physiological variability in human blood pressure. To determine the actual value of blood pressure, it is recommended to perform a series of repeated measurements with an interval of 1-3 minutes. The average of the three obtained values ​​is taken as the final result. Such meticulousness avoids measurement errors.

High blood pressure values ​​can also be obtained if a patient (mostly elderly people) has changes in the walls of arterial vessels - their thickening as a result of atherosclerosis. For squeezing such vessels, more pressure in the cuff is required.

Other factors that can cause distortion of measurement results:

- malfunction of devices (tonometer, phonendoscope);

– the cuff of a tonometer which is not picked up by the size;

- incorrect measurement technique;

– uncomfortable room temperature;

- incorrect position of the subject;

- negative emotional background;

- taking measurements during physical exertion, unpleasant (pain) sensations;

- Smoking, eating, coffee, alcohol, certain drugs.

Types of arterial hypertension

There are two types of arterial hypertension. Primary hypertension regarded as independent disease. Secondary hypertension is a consequence of any underlying disease, one of its manifestations, symptoms.

About 90% of cases of diseases are attributed to primary hypertension, which is widely known in our country under the name "hypertensive disease", and the term is accepted in the world essential hypertension. Regardless of how we call the disease, its essence can be defined as follows: it is an independent chronic disease, the main manifestation of which is an increase in blood pressure, not associated with any disease. That is, the diagnosis of hypertension can only be made after all other possible causes of high blood pressure have been excluded.

In addition to hypertension, blood pressure can also increase in a number of other diseases, when there is a primary lesion of any organs and systems. And already as a result of this lesion, a violation in the pressure regulation system is formed for the second time and, as a result, arterial hypertension. An increase in blood pressure may be accompanied, for example, by diseases of the kidneys, endocrine or nervous systems, pathological conditions of pregnant women, etc. All these conditions are combined by the term secondary, or symptomatic, hypertension, that is, an increase in blood pressure in this case is just one of the symptoms of the underlying disease. Note that symptomatic hypertension accounts for 10% of cases of high blood pressure. And this means that most people with sufficiently high blood pressure values ​​suffer from hypertension.

Reasons for the development of the disease

Genetics play an important role in the development of hypertension. About 80% of patients have relatives with high blood pressure.

However, in most cases, hereditary predisposition is not enough for the development of the disease. Gene disorders will manifest themselves only in the presence of provoking external factors.

These factors are:

- overweight;

- neuropsychic stress;

- increased consumption of salt;

- consumption of food great content saturated fatty acids, lack of potassium, calcium, magnesium;

– sedentary image life;

- smoking;

- alcohol abuse.

Thus, hypertension is a disease, which is based on whole complex causes, and their combined action leads to an imbalance in the normal functioning of the mechanisms that regulate blood pressure.

Symptoms of the disease

It is clear that the main symptom of hypertension is the actual increase in blood pressure. What else does a person with high blood pressure complain about? A fairly common complaint is headaches of a very diverse nature. Dizziness, tinnitus, fatigue, decreased performance, memory impairment may also be disturbing. In some cases, there are neurotic disorders: frequent shifts mood, emotional instability, irritability, depression, sleep disorders.

We already know that this disease provokes the onset of coronary heart disease (CHD) or worsens its course. It is not surprising that most people suffering from hypertension are concerned about pain in the region of the heart. The main manifestation of IHD is angina pectoris (angina pectoris), that is, attacks of pain behind the sternum (or at its left edge), which usually occur during physical or emotional stress.

Angina pectoris is characterized by dull, squeezing, pressing, burning, boring pains that radiate to the left arm, under left shoulder blade, in the neck, lower jaw. Pain subsides when the load is stopped, quickly pass when taking nitroglycerin.

However aching pain or a feeling of heaviness in the region of the heart that occurs when blood pressure rises and disappears when it decreases, are not always related to coronary artery disease. Similar symptoms may be associated with taking drugs such as diuretics, cardiac glycosides, reserpine, guanethidine, etc., which are used in the treatment of hypertension.

Another alarming signal is visual disturbances in the form of flies, sparks, crooked lines, fog before the eyes.

High blood pressure sometimes leads to nosebleeds. Also, patients suffering from hypertension may be disturbed by palpitations, interruptions heart rate and etc.

If the disease reaches stage I or II, then the consequences of all those lesions of target organs, which will be discussed below, may appear. These are disorders of cerebral circulation - from transient disorders to strokes. This is coronary heart disease - up to the development of myocardial infarction. These are lesions and impaired renal function - up to the development of chronic renal failure.

target organs

As we have said, hypertension is a chronic disease. Once having arisen, it becomes a constant companion of a person.

Any chronic disease proceeds with alternating periods of deterioration (exacerbation) and improvement (remission). The same can be said about hypertension. There are fluctuations in the periods of increase and decrease in blood pressure. However, in general, there is a stabilization of blood pressure at high values.

In a significant proportion of cases, the onset of the disease goes unnoticed. The patient is unlikely to be able to indicate the day, month or even year of the onset of the disease. In such cases, an increase in blood pressure is detected by chance, for example, during periodic preventive examinations.

However, sooner or later the disease makes itself felt. High blood pressure gradually causes damage to sensitive organs - they are called target organs.

It is the defeat of target organs that poses the main threat to health and is characterized by a number of symptoms that form the clinical picture of the disease (in addition to the actual high blood pressure). And the identification of these symptoms, including laboratory and instrumental methods, allows you to determine the diagnosis, stage and prognosis of the disease for a particular person.

Heart failure

One of early manifestations on the part of the heart in arterial hypertension is a violation of the active relaxation of the left ventricle in the diastolic phase, i.e., the diastolic function of the myocardium of the left ventricle. Recall that in the diastole phase, the left ventricle actively relaxes, its cavity expands and fills with blood coming from the pulmonary circulation (passed through the lungs and saturated with oxygen). During the systole phase, the ventricle contracts and ejects blood into the systemic circulation. When the ventricle cannot fully relax in the diastolic phase, its chamber does not expand enough and cannot receive all the necessary volume of blood. Consequently, a smaller volume of blood will flow into the systemic circulation during the systole phase.

With arterial hypertension, the heart has to overcome an additional load in order to pump blood into the systemic circulation. This is the so-called. The main work to overcome high blood pressure falls on the left ventricle of the heart. He has to contract more intensely. In conditions chronic load structural changes occur in the myocardium (heart muscle), metabolic processes are activated. We know that athletes subject their body muscles to regular physical activity to increase their strength and endurance. The main universal mechanism of adaptation (adaptation) to high loads is muscle hypertrophy, that is, an increase in muscle mass.

The human heart is also a muscle and also undergoes hypertrophy, an increase in its mass will manifest itself as a thickening of the walls, in particular the left ventricle.

However, left ventricular hypertrophy in arterial hypertension is not as harmless as an increase in muscle mass in athletes. In the hypertrophied myocardium, structural changes occur that disrupt its full functioning; part of the muscle tissue is replaced connective tissue, blood supply and normal conduction of electrical impulses in the myocardium are disturbed.

Sooner or later, with the progression of the disease and the lack of competent treatment, the left ventricle ceases to cope with the load. The adaptive reserves of the myocardium are depleted. Decompensation occurs, manifested by weakening of the heart muscle.

With timely treatment and removal of the load in the form of increased pressure from the left parts of the heart, the walls of the left ventricle acquire their previous thickness, and its contractility is restored.

Violation of diastolic (relaxation and filling with blood), and then systolic (contraction and ejection of blood) functions of the left ventricle leads to the development of circulatory failure.

Circulatory failure is a manifestation of a violation of the pumping function of the heart. The heart pumps blood inefficiently, blood flow slows down, blood stasis is noted, and edema appears. Myocardial infarction, cardiac arrhythmias, as well as concomitant diseases in the form of diabetes mellitus and severe infections contribute to the rapid onset of circulatory failure.

Hypertension is undoubtedly a provoking factor for the development of atherosclerosis of blood vessels, in particular coronary vessels that feed the heart muscle. Atherosclerotic plaques narrow the lumen of the vessel, the normal blood supply to the myocardium is disturbed. The heart begins to lack oxygen. This condition is called ischemia. A disease known as coronary heart disease (CHD) develops.

The ultimate manifestation of coronary heart disease is myocardial infarction. It develops when a sudden spasm and / or blockage of the vessel by a thrombus joins the atherosclerotic narrowing of the vessels that feed the heart. As a result, the blood supply to the myocardium is completely stopped, leading to the death of its cells. It has been proven that high blood pressure worsens the course and prognosis of myocardial infarction. Such threatening conditions as shock, pulmonary edema develop. The likelihood of death increases.

With hypertension, such forms of cardiac arrhythmias as atrial fibrillation and flutter, extrasystole, atrioventricular blockade, tachycardia are possible. More often, arrhythmias occur in the late (second and third) stages of the disease. The development of arrhythmias is also facilitated by the uncontrolled, illiterate intake of certain drugs that lower blood pressure.

Damage to large vessels

Under conditions of a prolonged increase in pressure, the walls of arterial vessels of the elastic type become rigid (rigid), lose their flexibility and pliability.

More than 90% of cases of dissecting aortic aneurysm are associated with hypertension. A dissecting aortic aneurysm is a very dangerous but fortunately rare complication. Atherosclerotic changes, loss of elasticity, and other structural changes make the aortic wall extremely vulnerable, which can lead to bulging of the vessel wall, or aneurysm. Naturally, in the area of ​​the aneurysm, the aortic wall stretches and becomes thinner. If the blood pressure in the vessel is not reduced and its wall is not restored ( surgically), sooner or later the aorta ruptures at the site of the aneurysm, and a massive internal bleeding with a lethal outcome.

Kidney damage

Damage to the kidneys of varying degrees of severity occurs in most patients with hypertension.

In response to increased pressure, the vessels of the kidneys contract, their lumen narrows, and blood flow in the kidneys decreases. In the future, structural changes in the renal vessels occur. One of the mechanisms underlying these changes is the impregnation of the walls of blood vessels, in particular arterioles, with blood plasma, the deposition of hyaline in them and the development of sclerosis and necrosis of arterioles.

Changed vessels do not supply the kidney tissue with a sufficient amount of blood, it dies off. Nephrosclerosis develops (from the Greek. nephros- kidney), or the so-called primary shriveled kidneys. The replacement of functioning kidney tissue with connective tissue causes a malfunction of the kidneys, that is, kidney failure develops.

Brain damage

Brain damage is one of the most frequent and dangerous complications of hypertension. Chronic increase in blood pressure causes structural changes in the vessels of the brain. In particular, hypertrophy occurs, that is, a thickening of the vascular wall. At the same time, the lumen of the vessels narrows, their tendency to spasm (narrowing) increases, and the ability to relax (expand) decreases. The vessels of the brain with hypertension become a vulnerable place, the risk of cerebrovascular accidents increases significantly.

An early manifestation of vascular disorders in the brain in hypertension are headaches.

Hypertension is complicated by both incoming (temporary) cerebrovascular accidents and strokes. A stroke can be caused by persistent, acute circulatory disorders (ischemia) of a part of the brain with its subsequent necrosis (infarction) or hemorrhage into the brain tissue or subarachnoid space. The incidence of acute disorders of cerebral circulation in patients with hypertension is 9 times higher than in people with normal blood pressure.

Eye damage

In hypertension, the vessels of the retina are also affected. This pathological condition is called hypertensive angioretinopathy. The patient complains of a short-term decrease in vision, shiny lines before the eyes. Examination of the fundus reveals characteristic changes caused by spasm of the vessels of the retina and vessels of the brain. As the disease progresses, these changes become more pronounced, dark spots appear before the eyes, and vision deteriorates.

At the doctor

A visit to the attending physician begins with the collection of complaints and anamnesis (the history of your illness and some of the circumstances of your life). After you talk about your problems, the doctor will conduct an examination.

We know that elevated blood pressure is the main manifestation of essential hypertension. And of course, the results of blood pressure measurements carried out according to all the rules that were highlighted above will be decisive during the examination. For a clear judgment about the presence of a chronic increase in pressure, arterial hypertension should be recorded in three measurements with an interval of 7 days.

The next stage of the examination is laboratory and instrumental diagnostic methods. At this stage, it will be possible to determine the stage of the disease, the presence of complications from the target organs, as well as to exclude other causes of high blood pressure.

Additional Research

The success of the treatment of hypertension sometimes depends largely on how accurately the diagnostic tests analyzes were done.

Laboratory examination methods:

- general urine analysis;

- general (clinical) blood test (electrolytes: K +, Na +; main indicators of protein, carbohydrate, lipid, purine metabolism).

Instrumental examination methods:

– electrocardiography (ECG);

– ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM);

– Holter monitoring of the electrocardiogram;

– ultrasonic dopplerography (USDG) of the upper and lower extremities and carotid arteries;

- echocardiography (ECHOCG);

- ultrasound examination (ultrasound) of the kidneys;

- Examination of the vessels of the fundus (ophthalmoscopy).

All the studies carried out will help to determine the following questions:

- is there a chronic stable increase in blood pressure, is it really possible to make a final diagnosis (essential hypertension);

- whether other causes leading to an increase in blood pressure, that is, secondary (symptomatic) hypertension, are excluded;

- What is the stage of the disease and the degree of hypertension;

What is the risk of developing cardiovascular complications?

By answering these questions, the attending physician will be able to assess the prognosis of the disease and determine the tactics of treatment. But first it is necessary to understand the modern classification of essential hypertension.

The degree of increase in blood pressure and the stage of the disease

The degree of increase in blood pressure to a certain extent corresponds to the stage of the disease, which in turn determines the tactics of treatment.

I stage. The stage of functional disorders, reversible. There is an increase in blood pressure (up to 160-170/90 - 100 mm Hg), but there is no damage to target organs. The pressure may return to normal indicators, then rise again above the norm. At the same time, patients complain of weakness, headache, poor sleep.

II stage. The pressure is steadily kept within 180-200 / 105-110 mm Hg. Art. If in stage I the pressure can decrease by itself, then in stage II it is impossible to do without taking drugs.

There are moderate lesions of target organs. Patients complain of poor sleep, pain in the heart, headache, dizziness, nausea and insomnia.

III stage. The pressure reaches 200-230 / 115-120 mm Hg. Art. and it stays pretty solid.

There are pronounced changes in the target organs with obvious manifestations:

- with damage to the heart - angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, heart failure;

- with brain damage - transient disorders cerebral circulation, strokes; vascular dementias, hypertensive encephalopathy;

- eye damage - hemorrhages or exudates, swelling of the optic nerve head;

- kidney damage - an increase in creatinine levels above 2 mg / dl, chronic renal failure;

- damage to large vessels - dissecting aortic aneurysm, symptomatic occlusion of the arteries.

Borderline arterial hypertension

As we have repeatedly mentioned, essential hypertension is accompanied by relatively constant increase blood pressure level. In order to define conditions when only periodic, unstable and rather low rises in blood pressure are noted, the term is introduced in cardiology - borderline arterial hypertension(PAG).

Previously, it was believed that borderline arterial hypertension is characterized by rises in blood pressure to the following values: from 140/90 to 159/94 mm Hg. Art. Now they tend to values ​​from 140/90 to 149/94 mm Hg. Art.

It is in order to distinguish borderline arterial hypertension from already developed hypertension that it is recommended to carry out three blood pressure measurements at weekly intervals in persons with newly diagnosed hypertension.

Conditions characteristic of borderline arterial hypertension:

- high blood pressure is reduced without taking medications;

- there are no lesions of other target organs;

- the increase in blood pressure is primary, that is, it is not symptomatic (secondary hypertension).

Borderline arterial hypertension can occur:

- in athletes;

- when employed in hazardous production;

- with psychoneuroses;

- with menopause in women;

- with alcohol abuse.

It must be said that a rather important role in the development of prehypertension is played by psychosomatic mechanisms associated with psychological factors, and for more effective treatment, the personal characteristics of people suffering from borderline arterial hypertension should be taken into account.

Treatment of hypertension

General principles

What are the goals of treating hypertension? We already know that the insidiousness of this disease is that it causes various cardiovascular complications. Accordingly, the main goal of treatment is to reduce the risk of these complications, which depends on the degree of hypertension, the presence of adverse factors that worsen the prognosis (risk factors), and the presence of target organ damage. So, it is necessary: ​​firstly, to lower blood pressure to a safe level; secondly, to eliminate those risk factors that can be corrected; thirdly, to protect target organs and reduce the degree of their damage.

Highly important question: to what level should blood pressure be reduced or what reduction will be sufficient?

The World Health Organization and the International Organization for Arterial Hypertension in 1999 adopted the so-called target levels of blood pressure, which should be strived for in the treatment of patients:

- below 140/90 mm Hg. Art. - in the general population of patients with arterial hypertension;

- below 130/85 mm Hg. Art. - in patients with arterial hypertension, suffering from diabetes mellitus without kidney damage in the form of proteinuria (protein in the urine);

- below 120/75 mm Hg. Art. - in patients with arterial hypertension, suffering from diabetes mellitus with kidney damage in the form of proteinuria (protein in the urine);

- below 120/75 mm Hg. Art. - in patients with arterial hypertension suffering from chronic renal failure.

It should be noted that such values ​​in practice are not always achievable in all patients. Therefore, treatment requires an individual approach, taking into account all possible circumstances, which are usually clarified with closer cooperation between the attending physician and the patient.

Non-drug treatment and medication are not two different approaches to treatment that should be opposed to each other. On the contrary, they complement each other and make the treatment more effective. Long-term studies have proven that at certain stages of the disease, drug correction of blood pressure is mandatory, and the earlier it is started, the less likely it is to have severe complications. In addition, in developed countries, mortality from myocardial infarction and stroke has been significantly reduced precisely thanks to effective programs of timely drug treatment.

The general tactics of treatment, as we have already said, is determined by the degree of risk of cardiovascular complications.

With a low risk of developing complications, they are first limited to non-drug treatment (lifestyle correction, elimination of harmful factors, etc.), during the year the level of blood pressure and risk factors are monitored. If, after 12 months, hypertension persists, that is, blood pressure is above 140/90 mm Hg. Art., then it is further recommended to switch to drugs. If non-drug methods manage to maintain normal blood pressure, then they are limited.

At medium risk, non-drug treatment and observation are also carried out first (but only for three months), followed by a review of treatment tactics.

With a high and very high risk of complications, treatment with antihypertensive drugs is immediately prescribed. At the same time, there is still a need for non-drug measures (lifestyle correction, fight against harmful factors and etc.).

Non-drug treatment

As we found out in the previous chapter, non-drug treatment has no contraindications. It is recommended for all patients, whether they are on medication or not, as it alone can achieve some reduction in blood pressure.

These methods of treating hypertension can reduce the dose of drugs (and therefore reduce their side effects), can eliminate some risk factors and, therefore, reduce the likelihood of complications of hypertension.

Reducing excess body weight

Being overweight is one of the most important factors causing an increase blood pressure. Studies show that weight gain per 1 kg, on average, increases systolic pressure by about 1-2 mm Hg. Art. In addition, with obesity, the effectiveness of drug therapy decreases, and concomitant diabetes mellitus is more difficult. But a decrease in excess weight by 5 kg leads to a decrease systolic pressure about 5 mm Hg. Art. and diastolic - about 2 mm Hg. Art., improves the course of diabetes, favorably affects such factors as high blood lipids, left ventricular hypertrophy.

Smoking cessation

It is known that nicotine causes vasoconstriction, that is, it contributes to an increase in blood pressure. If a person smokes, the disease often acquires a malignant course, is accompanied by various complications, and blood pressure is less amenable to correction.

To give up smoking - good prevention hypertension. In addition, this effective remedy in the fight against an already developed disease.

Quitting smoking is a very difficult task. Much depends on your willpower, and on the experience of smoking, and on the environment in the family and at work.

Reducing salt in the diet

Salt in excess amounts causes fluid retention in the body, which passes into the vascular bed and thereby increases blood pressure. In addition, salt increases the sensitivity of blood vessels to vasoconstrictor active substances.

This is most effective non-drug method acts in the so-called "salt-sensitive" form of arterial hypertension. In such cases, it is recommended to limit salt intake to 3 g per day, and liquids to 1.2–1.5 liters.

In other situations, it is necessary to reduce the consumption of table salt to 4–5 g per knock (a teaspoon without a slide). To control the amount of salt consumed, give preference to natural products, as semi-finished products, canned food, smoked meats, sausages, etc. have a fairly high content of salt.

Reducing alcohol consumption

Ethyl alcohol disrupts the regulation of vascular tone. Being a sufficiently high-calorie product, it can affect body weight. In addition, it reduces the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.

The permissible daily dose of alcohol in terms of pure ethanol is no more than 20-30 g for men (which corresponds to 50-60 ml of vodka, 200-250 ml of dry wine, 500-600 ml of beer) and 10-20 g for women.

Building an optimal diet

Basic principles of proper nutrition:

- a variety of diets in terms of basic nutrients (proteins, fats, carbohydrates), as well as vitamins and microelements;

- limited intake of high-calorie foods easily digestible carbohydrates, fat;

- a balance between energy intake from food and its consumption (that is, the number of calories consumed and expended);

- the correct diet (meal 4-5 times a day in small portions).

Enriching the diet with foods rich in potassium, magnesium and calcium

We list potassium-rich foods: apricots, beans, seaweed, prunes, raisins, peas, potatoes, beef, pork, cod, hake, mackerel, squid, oatmeal, green peas, tomatoes, beets, radishes, green onions, currants, grapes , apricots, peaches.

The attending physician may advise taking medications containing potassium, magnesium, easily absorbed calcium salts (citrate and carbonate).

Dosed physical activity

It is known that physical inactivity, that is, reduced physical activity, is a risk factor for the development of hypertension. Therefore, it is very important to compensate for the lack of movement, which is associated with a sedentary, sedentary lifestyle.

Regular exercise has been shown to reduce systolic and diastolic blood pressure by an average of 5–10 mm Hg. Art. Walking with a gradual acceleration of the step, swimming for 30-45 minutes 3-4 times a week are recommended. In contrast, isometric (static) exercise, such as lifting weights, can raise blood pressure.

Physical exercises should be approached deliberately, taking into account their initial form and state of health. Start with minimum loads and do not rush to increase their intensity. For example, when walking, gradually increase the speed and distance under the control of well-being and heart rate.

If you have already developed hypertension or have other diseases, then any loads should be agreed with your doctor, and the regimen and intensity of classes should be compiled together with a specialist in physical therapy (exercise therapy).

Fighting nervous tension

Try to avoid various stressful situations. For example, do not get carried away watching TV, meet friends, triple small holidays for yourself, relax more often, smile. Do not accumulate negative emotions in yourself (aggression, anger, anger, envy, resentment), try to think about something positive. Do not be alone with your problems, share your experiences with loved ones.

Auto-training will help to fight negative emotions, relaxing breathing exercises, psychotherapy.

Sometimes patients suffering from arterial hypertension with a labile nervous system are advised to take mild sedative drugs.

Organization healthy regimen work and rest

Avoid excessive fatigue, especially chronic. It is useful to alternate different kinds activities, such as mental work with little exercise. Stick to your diet. Sleep at least 8-9 hours a day. It is advisable to go to bed and get up at the same time so as not to knock down the biological rhythms of sleep and wakefulness. If you suffer from insomnia, try to take evening walks in the fresh air before going to bed, take a warm (not hot) bath, do not eat at night, consult your doctor about choosing sedatives, especially soft, herbal ones.

Medical therapy

- Prescribing medications does not exempt you from adhering to the correct lifestyle, that is, it does not cancel all the prescriptions that were given above. Properly selected non-drug treatment and lifestyle correction is a mandatory background for drug treatment. This makes our therapy more effective.

- Drug therapy is not carried out episodically - with rises in blood pressure, as many mistakenly believe. It is carried out continuously to prevent these rises and stabilize blood pressure at an acceptable safe level. After all, sometimes even a single sudden jump in blood pressure is enough to develop a stroke or heart attack.

- For each patient, the medicine is selected individually, taking into account the threshold of its sensitivity. On the different people the same drug works with different efficiency. One medicine helps someone, while another works better for someone.

– Drug treatment begins with small doses, as necessary, gradually increasing the dose. In severe cases of the disease, of course, they immediately begin with serious dosages.

- As a rule, therapy is started with one drug (monotherapy), if it is ineffective, an antihypertensive drug from another group is added to the treatment. Sometimes there is a need for a combination of three or more drugs with different mechanisms of action.

- If one drug is poorly tolerated, it is replaced by another drug, because the choice of antihypertensive drugs is now quite wide.

– The rate at which blood pressure should be reduced, and the level to which it should be reduced, is determined by the attending physician based on the patient's condition. For example, with mild to moderate hypertension, a rapid decrease in blood pressure to normal values ​​is acceptable. But with severe hypertension, blood pressure should be reduced gradually and very carefully: with a sharp decrease, cerebral blood supply may be disturbed. Also, blood pressure is gradually reduced in elderly patients with cerebral atherosclerosis.

– Medicines should provide a more or less stable level of blood pressure for 24 hours a day. For this, long-acting drugs are used, which are taken once a day and provide an effect for 24 hours.

- It is obvious that the treatment is carried out under regular monitoring of blood pressure (especially carefully when selecting and changing drugs) at home with periodic visits to the doctor.

– With stable normalization of pressure within one year in patients from low and medium risk groups, the attending physician can gradually reduce the dose of the drug to a minimum. At the same time, of course, all recommendations for non-drug support for such a patient remain valid.

Drugs that lower blood pressure

In this chapter, we will get acquainted with antihypertensive (antihypertensive) drugs that are used in modern practice.

There are several groups of these drugs, different in their mechanism of action. There are drugs that dilate blood vessels, there are diuretics, there are drugs that reduce cardiac output, there are drugs that act on the nervous system, and, finally, there are complex drugs.

What group of medicines is better to use? We will consider the features of each of these groups, their advantages and disadvantages.

Currently, for the treatment of hypertension are used:

- diuretics;

- blockers of B-adrenergic receptors, or B-blockers (BAB);

- angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors);

– blockers (antagonists) of calcium channels (BCC);

- angiotensin II receptor blockers;

- blockers of alpha-adrenergic receptors.

ACE inhibitors

Representatives: captopril (capoten), enalapril (renitec, enam, ednit), ramipril (tritapce), perindopril (prestarium), lisinopril (vinyl), fosinopril (monopril), cilazapril (inhibase), quinapril (accupro), trandolapril (odric), moexipril (moex).

Main mechanism of action

Blockade of ACE leads to a violation of the formation of angiotensin II from angiotensin I; angiotensin II, as we already know, causes severe vasoconstriction and an increase in blood pressure.

effects

Decreased blood pressure, reduced hypertrophy of the left ventricle and blood vessels, increased cerebral blood flow, improved kidney function.

Possible side effects

Allergic reactions: rash, itching, swelling of the face, lips, tongue, mucous membranes of the pharynx, larynx (angioedema), bronchospasm.

Dyspeptic disorders: vomiting, stool disorders (constipation, diarrhea), dry mouth, impaired sense of smell. Dry cough, sore throat.

The most significant side effects: arterial hypotension on the introduction of the first dose of the drug, hypotension in patients with narrowing of the renal arteries, impaired renal function, increased levels of potassium in the blood (hyperkalemia).

Advantages

Along with the hypotensive effect, the drugs have a beneficial effect on the heart, cerebral vessels, kidneys, do not cause disturbances in the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, uric acid, which means that they can be used in patients with similar metabolic disorders.

Contraindications

Do not apply during pregnancy.

Despite their great popularity, the drugs of this group cause a slower and smaller decrease in blood pressure than drugs of a number of other groups, therefore, in the case of monotherapy, they are more effective at earlier stages, with mild forms of hypertension. In more severe forms, it is often required to combine them with other antihypertensive drugs.

Beta blockers

Representatives: atenolol (tenormin, tenoblock), alprenolol, acebutalol (sectral), betaxolol, bisoprolol, labetalol, metoprolol (betaloc), nadolol (korgard), oxprenolol (trazikor), pindolol (visken), propranolol (anaprilin, obzidan, inderal), sotalol talinolol (cordanum), timolol.

Main mechanism of action

Block beta-adrenergic receptors.

There are two types of beta receptors: type 1 receptors are located in the heart, in the juxtoglomerular apparatus of the kidneys, in adipose tissue, and type 2 receptors are in the smooth muscles of the bronchi, pregnant uterus, skeletal muscles, liver, pancreas, etc.

Drugs that block both types of receptors are non-selective. Drugs that block only type 1 receptors are cardioselective, but in high doses they act on all receptors.

effects

Decreased cardiac output, a pronounced decrease in heart rate, a decrease in energy costs for the work of the heart, relaxation of vascular smooth muscles, vasodilation, non-selective drugs - reduce insulin secretion, cause bronchospasm.

Their use is also effective if a patient with hypertension has: tachycardia, hyperactivity of the sympathetic nervous system, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, hypokalemia.

Possible side effects

Cardiac arrhythmias, spasm of the vessels of the extremities with impaired blood circulation in them (intermittent claudication, exacerbation of Raynaud's disease).

Fatigue, headaches, sleep disorders, depression, convulsions, tremors, impotence.

Withdrawal syndrome - with sudden withdrawal, it is noted sharp rise blood pressure (the drug should be discontinued gradually).

Various dyspeptic disorders, allergic reactions.

Violation of lipid metabolism (a tendency to atherosclerosis), a violation of carbohydrate metabolism (complications in patients with diabetes mellitus).

Bronchospasm (deterioration in patients with diseases of the broncho-pulmonary system, in particular with bronchial asthma).

Some of these side effects are less pronounced or absent with selective beta-blockers.

These drugs are mainly used to treat stage I hypertension, although they are also effective in stage I and II hypertension.

Calcium channel blockers

Representatives

Dihydropyridines: nifedipine (corinfar, cordafen, cordipin, fenigidin, adalat), isradipine, amlodipine (norvask), felodipine (plendil), lacidipine (lacipil), nicardipine (loxen), nimodipine (nimotop), nitrendipine (bypress).

Phenylalkylamines: verapamil (isoptin, phenoptin), animapil, halopamil, falimapil.

Benzotidizines: diltiazem (cardil, dilzem, dilren), klentiazem.

Main mechanism of action

block the passage of calcium ions through calcium channels into cells that form vascular smooth muscle. As a result, the ability of blood vessels to constrict is reduced.

(spasm). In addition, calcium antagonists reduce the sensitivity of blood vessels to angiotensin II.

effects

Lowering blood pressure, slowing down and correcting heart rate, reducing myocardial contractility, reducing platelet aggregation.

Possible side effects

Decreased heart rate (bradycardia), heart failure, low blood pressure (hypotension), dizziness, headaches, swelling of the extremities, redness of the face and fever - a feeling of hot flashes, constipation.

Diuretics

Representatives

Diuretics from the thiazide group: hydrochlorothiazide, bendroflumetazide, polythiazide, cyclomethiazide.

Diuretics from the thiazide-like group: indapamide (arifon), clopamid, metozalone, mephruzid, chlorthalidone.

Loop diuretics: furosemide (lasix), ethacrynic acid, bumetanide, torasemide, pyretanide.

Potassium-sparing diuretics: spironolactone, triamterene, amiloride - are prescribed for hypokalemia.

Main mechanism of action

Reduce the reabsorption of sodium ions from the urine in the kidneys. Increased urinary excretion of sodium and fluid with it. The volume of fluid in the tissues and in the vessels decreases. The volume of circulating blood decreases, blood pressure decreases.

Possible side effects

Negative effect on lipid metabolism (increase total blood cholesterol: increase "bad" - causing atherosclerosis cholesterol, lower "good" - anti-atherogenic cholesterol).

Negative effect on carbohydrate metabolism (increase blood glucose levels, which is unfavorable for patients with diabetes).

Negative effect on the metabolism of uric acid (delayed excretion, which means an increase in the level of uric acid in the blood, with the possibility of developing gout).

Loss of potassium in the urine - hypokalemia develops, that is, a decrease in the concentration of potassium in the blood. Potassium-sparing diuretics, on the contrary, can cause hyperkalemia.

Negative effect on the cardiovascular system (increased risk of coronary artery disease, left ventricular hypertrophy).

These side effects occur mainly with the use of high doses of diuretics. In small doses, these drugs do not give pronounced side effects while maintaining a good hypotensive action. In addition, thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics in low doses improve the prognosis in patients with essential hypertension, reduce the likelihood of strokes, myocardial infarction and heart failure.

The so-called loop diuretics have a fairly strong and fast diuretic effect, although they reduce blood pressure slightly less than thiazides. However, they are not suitable for long-term use, which is required for hypertension. They are used in hypertensive crises (Lasix intravenously), and they are also used in patients with hypertension in the presence of renal failure. Indicated in the treatment of acute left ventricular failure, edema, obesity.

Potassium-sparing diuretics with a diuretic effect do not cause leaching of potassium in the urine and are prescribed for hypokalemia. One of the representatives of this group - spironolactone, together with beta-blockers is used for malignant hypertension against the background of aldosteronism.

For a long time, diuretics were considered as the main group of drugs for the treatment of hypertension. Then, due to the identification of a number of side effects, as well as the emergence of new classes antihypertensive drugs their use was limited.

Angiotensin II receptor blockers

Representatives: losartan, valsartan, irbesartan, candesartan, zolasartan, tazosartan, telmisartan, tosazartan.

Main mechanism of action

They block type I angiotensin receptors. The action of angiotensin II, which causes vasospasm, is disrupted.

effects

They inhibit and cause reverse development of left ventricular myocardial hypertrophy and smooth muscle of resistive vessels. They have a protective effect on the kidneys.

Side effects

Dizziness, headaches, cough, hyperkalemia, tachycardia, increased liver enzymes.

Contraindications

Do not apply during pregnancy and during lactation.

This is a relatively new class of drugs. In general, there is a similar effectiveness of this group of drugs and ACE inhibitors. However, there is a better tolerance of the former. That is, they are less likely to give unwanted reactions. However, while angiotensin II receptor blockers are under study, it is too early to draw final conclusions.

Alpha blockers

Representatives: doxazosin, prazosin, terazosin.

Main mechanism of action: drugs block alpha-adrenergic receptors, as a result of a violation of the interaction of noradrenaline with its receptors, its vasoconstrictive effect is eliminated.

effects

The peculiarity of drugs is their positive influence on lipid metabolism, with a decrease in predisposition to vascular atherosclerosis. In addition, alpha-blockers improve the functioning of the urinary system in men with prostate adenoma.

Side effects

Possible headache, dizziness, insomnia, fatigue, feeling hot, indigestion, allergic reactions, fluid retention (edema) with prolonged use, palpitations.

Orthostatic hypotension and collapse on the first dose of the drug. Orthostatic reaction is a change in blood flow when moving from a horizontal to a vertical position of the body. When we stand up, the blood under gravity rushes to the lower parts of the body, to the limbs, and the brain suffers from a lack of blood supply. Normally, the mechanisms of regulation of vascular tone are triggered, which prevent this. It follows that the intake of these drugs should be started with small doses.

How to choose the right drug

We have considered several groups various drugs, which lower blood pressure and are used to treat hypertension. Naturally, the question arises, which drug or group of drugs are preferred?

This dilemma lies entirely in the competence of the attending physician, cardiologist or therapist. Even specialists sometimes find it difficult to navigate among the existing abundance of medicines and newly emerging names. Some drugs are still at the stage of study and implementation. New information is constantly appearing about long-established means.

It must be admitted that at present there are no clear algorithms for choosing a drug. It is impossible to say that some antihypertensive drugs are preferable to others in all situations.

Sometimes you have to change more than one drug in order to choose the right one for a particular patient. It should also be taken into account that hypertension is, in fact, not one disease. According to the mechanism of occurrence, several variants of hypertension are distinguished, and in medical practice it is not always possible to clearly distinguish them. But if this is possible, then take into account that certain groups of antihypertensive drugs are preferable for certain options.

During treatment moderate hypertension often limited to the use of a single drug. If it is ineffective, increase the dose, and then, if it does not help, add a second drug (from another group). Combinations of the three drugs are also possible.

At severe hypertension treatment can start immediately with a combination of 2-3 drugs different action. This combination allows you to summarize the effects of drugs with different mechanisms of action. However, these drugs are used in moderate doses, which reduces their side effects. It should be borne in mind that not all of these drugs can be combined with each other. Otherwise, therapy may be not only ineffective, but also unsafe.

The following drug combinations are allowed:

- diuretic + beta-blocker;

- diuretic + ACE inhibitor;

- diuretic + angiotensin II receptor blocker;

- diuretic + calcium antagonist;

- calcium antagonist (dihydropyridines) + beta-blocker;

- calcium antagonist + ACE inhibitor;

- alpha-blocker + beta-blocker.

We repeat: do not self-medicate! Pharmacy workers also do not have the right to give recommendations on choosing a medicine, even if they are people with a pharmacological education - they may not be familiar with your situation and do not bear any responsibility for your health. Leave the choice of means and methods of therapy to the attending physician.

Help with hypertensive crises

A hypertensive (hypertensive) crisis is a sudden, usually very significant increase in blood pressure. The crisis is accompanied by a sharp increase in all those symptoms of the disease that were previously observed in the patient, and the appearance of new ones. First of all, the condition of the brain, cardiovascular system, and kidneys worsens.

Oddly enough, but a sudden rise in blood pressure can occur in people who have not previously suffered from arterial hypertension. Of course, this requires the existence of some acute situation. For example, when hepatic colic, infringement of a hernia, attacks of bronchial asthma, pulmonary edema, myocardial infarction, paroxysmal tachycardia, injuries of the spinal cord and brain, etc.

In patients with arterial hypertension, the crisis is also provoked by some unfavorable factors that can disrupt the calm course of the disease and lead to a sharp jump in blood pressure. These can be negative emotions, weather changes (in weather-dependent people), infectious diseases, abrupt cessation of antihypertensive drugs, etc.

A hypertensive crisis is not always a very high, prohibitive increase in blood pressure. Signs of the development of a crisis situation may also appear at not very high blood pressure values. For example, in young people or children with mild hypertension, for whom values ​​​​of 160/100 mm Hg. Art. – it is already palpable. In older people who suffer from hypertension for a long time, even significant, sharp jumps in blood pressure can pass without a typical picture of a crisis.

Hypertensive crisis has its own characteristic symptoms, which allow to suspect this life-threatening condition. According to the mechanisms of occurrence and external manifestations (symptoms), three forms of crises can be distinguished.

Neurovegetative, or adrenal crises. Their development is associated with a pronounced activation of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system and a massive release of its mediators into the blood (adrenaline, norepinephrine). Systolic pressure rises more than diastolic pressure.

The patient has anxiety, a feeling of fear, the skin of the face first turns red, and later it may turn pale, sweat appears, the temperature rises, trembling in the hands appears, urination becomes more frequent, cardiac arrhythmias are possible.

All these phenomena develop suddenly and can pass just as quickly. This variant of the crisis is more favorable than others, it is easier to treat. Although, of course, it also carries a danger to life and health and requires immediate treatment.

Most clearly, all these symptoms are manifested in crises associated with pheochromocytoma, which we have already described above.

Water-salt, or edematous crises. This form is associated with excessive water retention in the body.

This condition is characterized, on the contrary, by lethargy, lethargy, and drowsiness. A person is poorly oriented in time and space, inactive, pale. The face is puffy, edematous. Equally increased systolic and diastolic pressure.

Water-salt crises develop gradually and fade more slowly. However, more often lead to undesirable complications.

Convulsive crises. This severe form is associated with disturbances in the functioning of the brain (brain edema develops).

Excitation, severe headaches of a pulsating nature are observed. There is repeated vomiting. Visual disturbances are possible. The crisis ends with convulsions with loss of consciousness, may be complicated by hemorrhages in the brain and irreversible damage to it. The patient falls into a coma. Possible death.

In more favorable situations, the patient regains consciousness and gradually recovers. For some time, visual disturbances, disorientation in time and space, memory impairment (amnesia) still persist.

* * *

Can you feel the approach of a crisis? Sometimes yes, but most often people do not feel any symptoms, most crises come on suddenly. And what to do in this case, what to do?

“Fast is not always good” - this is the principle of lowering blood pressure during a hypertensive crisis. A rapid decrease in blood pressure (in 30 minutes or less) is required in severe crises, when there is a threat of early development of lesions of the heart and brain. In other cases, such rates are not only unnecessary, but even undesirable. A sharp decrease in blood pressure leads to impoverishment of cerebral blood flow in the elderly, especially if they suffer from cerebral atherosclerosis or have impaired kidney function (renal failure), or have previously had a stroke. Therefore, in uncomplicated crises, blood pressure is reduced gradually, over 1-2 hours.

It is also not necessary in all situations to reduce blood pressure to the ideal 120/80 mm Hg. Art. For some patients, this is simply dangerous. Decrease in systolic pressure up to 160 mm Hg. Art. may be enough. Diastolic pressure should not be reduced below 100 mm Hg. Art.

We list cases when a more significant reduction in pressure is required (to normal values, that is, about 120/80 mm Hg): preeclampsia in pregnant women, dissecting aortic aneurysm, postoperative hypertension with bleeding, acute glomerulonephritis in children and young people.

Treatment of a crisis depends on its form, severity and a number of other factors. It should be borne in mind that there are diseases that have manifestations similar to those in a hypertensive crisis.

Only a qualified specialist can correctly assess the patient's condition and select the appropriate treatment.

Because at home or outside medical assistance cannot be provided immediately, then at first you have to manage on your own.

If you or your relatives suffer from arterial hypertension, then in home first aid kit essential drugs to rapidly lower blood pressure should be kept. We have already talked about the treatment of hypertension, where they are used for a long time. active drugs, the effect of which develops gradually and stretches up to a day. Such drugs are not intended for the treatment of hypertensive crises. This is where faster tools are needed. And vice versa - drugs for stopping crises are in no way suitable for drugs for long-term continuous use.

So, in the first aid kit it is desirable to have the following drugs: captopril (Capoten), clonidine (clonidine, hemiton), nifedipine (corinfar, cordaflex, adalat), lasix (furosemide). Of course, in a family where there are hypertensive patients, there must be a tonometer, a reliable mechanical or proven electronic one.

In a hypertensive crisis, the patient should be kept calm. Let him settle down reclining, lifting his upper body. Warmers or mustard plasters should be applied to the legs, and a moistened cold towel or ice should be applied to the head. If the patient is in the room, it is advisable to dim the light, it should not be bright. It is also necessary to calm the patient, excessive excitement is completely useless here. Therefore, there is no need to panic. Try to keep cool. Speak calmly and confidently.

And in any case, you need to call an ambulance (urgent) help or seek other available medical care. Get instructions from the dispatcher. Be sure to tell what worries you and what should be done before the doctor arrives.

Drugs that can be used before the arrival of the ambulance team

For the treatment of a hypertensive crisis, 10 mg of nifedipine is usually taken orally. For patients of very advanced age, people with vascular diseases of the brain, it is better to reduce the dose of nifedipine by half - up to 5 mg.

Nifedipine(corinfar, cordaflex, cordipin, adalat) is available in the form of tablets, capsules, dragees. The drug is taken orally. There are long-acting formulations of nifedipine (the so-called "retard forms") - they are designed for long-term constant control of blood pressure. During a crisis, "retard forms" are not effective.

When should the pressure drop be expected? Remember that a too sharp, rapid drop in blood pressure can be no less dangerous than the crisis itself. The action of the drug begins after 15-30 minutes (with resorption under the tongue - after 5-15 minutes, to speed up the action when taken orally, the tablets can be chewed). Blood pressure drops by about 25%. The effect persists for 2-6 hours.

Monitor the effect of the drug by repeated measurements of blood pressure. A single dose of nifedipine is usually enough to wait for the arrival of an ambulance. If a quick arrival of a doctor is impossible and the symptoms of a hypertensive crisis persist, then the drug is taken again at the same dose (10 mg) 30-60 minutes or more after the first dose. If necessary, the drug can be repeated at this dose at intervals of 30-60 minutes, until the total dose taken drug will not reach 60-90 mg.

Contraindications to taking nifedipine:

- it is not recommended to use in patients with severe ischemic heart disease (angina pectoris III-IV functional class, unstable angina pectoris, myocardial infarction) and in acute cerebrovascular accident;

- if hypersensitivity and allergy to this drug is noted, then other means should be used;

- not used for low blood pressure (hypotension), severe heart failure;

- not used in patients with severe aortic stenosis, in a state of shock, collapse;

Single doses of nifedipine can cause such side effects as headache, dizziness, nausea, reddening of the skin of the face, sensation of hot flashes (the condition resembles the symptoms of the hypertensive crisis itself). In some cases, there is a rapid heartbeat (tachycardia), low blood pressure (hypotension).

Clonidine(clofelin, gemiton, katapressan) is indicated for neurovegetative (adrenal) form of hypertensive crisis. The drug is taken orally or dissolved under the tongue at a dose of 0.15 mg (150 mcg). The hypotensive effect occurs in 30-60 minutes. Keeps for 4-10 hours.

If after 30-60 minutes there is no effect from the drug, and the "ambulance" is delayed, then repeated administration of clonidine is possible, but at a lower dose of 0.075 mg (75 μg). If necessary, the drug can be repeated at this dose at intervals of 1 hour, until the total dose of the drug taken reaches 0.8 mg.

When taking the drug, the following may occur adverse reactions: dry mouth, lethargy, drowsiness, nasal congestion.

Furosemide(lasix) is effective in the water-salt (edematous) variant of the crisis. In this form of crisis, lasix is ​​taken orally once at a dose of 40-80 mg while taking nifedipine (10 mg).

Captopril(Capoten) is taken at a dose of 25 mg under the tongue. The drug begins to act after 10 minutes, the hypotensive effect persists for 4-6 hours.

If the effect does not occur, then, if necessary, repeated doses of captopril 25 mg orally are possible, but only 30-60 minutes after the first dose.

Contraindications to taking captopril:

- hypersensitivity to captopril and other ACE inhibitors;

- severe violations of the kidneys;

- bilateral stenosis (narrowing) of the renal arteries;

- arterial stenosis single kidney;

- stenosis of the aortic orifice and similar blood flow disorders;

- patients after kidney transplantation;

- with hereditary Quincke's edema;

- with primary hyperaldosteronism;

- during pregnancy and lactation.

In severe hypertensive crisis, the patient needs intravenous administration of drugs. In such cases, drugs with a stronger effect are used. However, they can also cause a dangerous drop in blood pressure. Therefore, the intravenous administration of drugs such as sodium nitroprusside, pentamine, etc. requires strict control and is used only in a hospital setting or by emergency doctors.

There are features of the treatment of crises, accompanied by complications in the form of a stroke, heart attack, etc., as well as with a convulsive form of a crisis. Such serious conditions require qualified medical care.

Additional means of treatment, prevention and rehabilitation

The methods below are a good remedy prevention, rehabilitation of patients. I repeat: in relation to hypertension, they can be used without medical support only for borderline hypertension or stage I of the disease.

In all other cases, additional treatments should give way to individually tailored drug therapy. Naturally, in this case, the secondary nature of the disease should be excluded, because with symptomatic hypertension, it is necessary to look for the root cause of the disease, and not just reduce blood pressure in one way or another.

Such additional means as physical therapy, physiotherapy, manual therapy have already firmly entered traditional medicine. The means of so-called alternative medicine are also gaining popularity - homeopathy, varieties of reflexology, etc.

Therapeutic exercise, physiotherapy

It has been proven that physical inactivity (a sedentary lifestyle) is one of the factors provoking arterial hypertension.

Physical exercises normalize blood circulation (blood pressure, pulse, etc.), increase the endurance of the body, it is easier to cope with stress. Physical activity improves blood supply to peripheral tissues, thus reducing the amount of blood in the systemic circulation, which means lowering blood pressure. Physical exercises help to cope with mental stress, stress, that is, they have a positive effect on the nervous system, which plays an important role in the development of the disease.

The selection of means for the physical rehabilitation of people suffering from hypertension depends on the severity of the condition, the stage of the disease, its form, and the individual characteristics of the person.

Loads increase gradually so that the body has time to adapt to them.

Very useful so-called aerobic exercise (jogging, cycling or exercise bike, cross-country skiing, swimming, dancing, etc.), that is dynamic exercises which perform for a long time, without interruptions.

For elderly and untrained people, regular walking (preferably in the fresh air) gives quite sufficient load.

In any case, it is advisable to consult a professional (doctor, exercise therapy methodologist) who will conduct stress tests: on an exercise bike or on a treadmill, he will assess the response of your cardiovascular system to a certain load and select the necessary set of exercises.

Excessive load causes exhaustion of forces. You feel worse. There will be fatigue, fatigue, sleep disturbance, palpitations, and blood pressure will increase, etc. Of course, you should stop and analyze the causes of this condition, adjust the intensity of the exercises.

Too light a load will not have the desired effect. But a properly selected load should increase emotional tone, give a charge of vivacity. Each time, it will become easier for you to pedal or perform dance moves.

The means of physiotherapeutic treatment include electrosleep, iodine-bromine, radon, hydrogen sulfide baths, ultraviolet irradiation.

Therapeutic massage is also useful for hypertension. It helps to improve the functioning of the nervous and cardiovascular systems, improves metabolism in the body, causes muscle relaxation and thereby reduces vascular spasm.

homeopathic treatment

In this chapter we will try to reveal the secrets of the popular, but at the same time very mysterious and controversial art of healing, which is based on the principle of treating like with like.

Homeopathy is based on the use of microdoses of those substances that, in large doses, cause healthy person manifestations of this disease.

Homeopathic medicines are prepared according to special technologies and laws. The source of the drug can be substances of plant origin, animal tissues, microelements. The main substance is diluted in alcohol, water, lactose. They prepare a dilution that is a multiple of ten, and designate: x1, x2, x3, etc. Or a dilution that is a multiple of a hundred, and designate 1, 2, 3, etc.

Based on the experience of using substances of different concentrations, homeopaths came to the conclusion that it is more effective to use substances in a dilution that is a multiple of three (3, 6, 12 or x3, x6, x12, etc.).

Simultaneous intake of food and homeopathic medicines should be avoided.

All prescriptions for homeopathic treatment should be made by a qualified homeopath. Only he will be able to choose a truly effective remedy for this disease and for this particular patient.

This is one of the advantages of the homeopathic approach - treatment is carried out taking into account the individual characteristics of a person.

Homeopathic treatment is used at the non-drug stage of hypertension therapy along with other non-pharmacological methods and lifestyle correction. In patients at low and intermediate risk for developing cardiovascular complications, this may be the only form of treatment. At high risk, classical drug therapy is also required.

In moderate and severe forms of the disease, homeopathic remedies can be an addition to treatment, but do not replace or exclude modern antihypertensive drugs.

A conscientious homeopath will never recommend a cure severe forms hypertension only with homeopathic remedies and forget about traditional medicines.

In addition, at acute situations(for example, hypertensive crises, heart attacks, strokes) homeopathy alone often remains powerless. Here, effective potent pharmacological agents must also be used.

Phytotherapy

Medicinal plants have been used for the treatment and prevention of high blood pressure for a long time. They can be combined with traditional therapy. However, it should be remembered that the use of any methods of treatment, including herbal medicine, requires a doctor's consultation.

Despite the fact that more and more effective potent medicinal preparations appear, interest in medicinal plants is constantly growing. Side effects, allergic reactions to many drugs of synthetic origin enhance the practical significance of herbal medicine.

Medicinal plants should be used for hypertension stage I and II. In these cases, a significant and persistent reduction in blood pressure is usually achieved.

Juice treatment

When arterial hypertension is combined with overweight, it is desirable to use plants that activate metabolism. In this case, vegetable and fruit juices are a wonderful remedy for lowering high blood pressure.

For example, beet juice reduces the risk of nocturnal high blood pressure. In addition, beetroot drink has many other positive properties that affect the human body.

It is better to drink the drink at night in combination with carrot juice in the following proportion: 1 part of beetroot juice and 4 parts of carrot juice. Take no more than 100 ml during the day.

Also, with high blood pressure, it is recommended to prepare a mixture of an equal amount (1 glass each) of juices. carrots, beets, black radish with the addition of juice of 1 lemon and 1 cup of honey. To stir thoroughly. Take a drink 1 hour before meals 2-3 times a day, 1 tablespoon.

watermelon juice It is also considered a useful addition to the diet of people suffering from high blood pressure. From the pulp of watermelon isolated folic acid, fructose, trace elements, vitamins B1, B2, C, PP. It is advisable to regularly use watermelons for atherosclerosis, as it helps to remove cholesterol from the body, and also has a positive effect on the cardiovascular system.

Grapefruit used in dietary nutrition, it has a beneficial effect on the digestive system, reduces high blood pressure and has an effect that enhances immunity. Grapefruit juice is recommended to be taken 30 minutes before a meal, 1/4 cup.

Apples contain a wide variety of vitamins, minerals and organic acids necessary for the human body to raise vitality. People suffering from high blood pressure are advised to take apple juice 15 minutes before meals, 1/2 cup.

Great remedy for high blood pressure cranberry juice . Cranberries contain citric, benzoic, quinic, ursolic acids, vitamin C, vaccinin glycoside, pectin substances. Cranberry juice is recommended as a mild vasodilator for angina pectoris.

To prepare cranberry juice, you need to take 1 kg of fresh cranberries, knead the berries well with sugar in equal proportions. Take 30 minutes before meals 3 times a day. The course of treatment is 3 weeks, after which it is necessary to take a break for 1 week. Then you can continue taking the mixture.

Juice aloe arborescens (the plant is also known as agave) also helps to reduce high blood pressure.

Large aloe leaves are cut off, washed and squeezed out. Take only freshly squeezed juice before meals, diluting 3 drops of juice in 1 teaspoon of boiled cold water.

onion juice also contributes to the normalization of high blood pressure. It is necessary to take 3 kg of onion, squeeze the juice out of it, then add 500 g of honey and a partition of walnuts. Pour the mixture with 1/2 liter of vodka. Seal the container with the mixture and insist in a dark place for 10 days. Take the finished product 2-3 times a day, 1 tablespoon.

Characteristics of some medicinal plants

hawthorn blood red

AT medicinal purposes use hawthorn flowers collected at the very beginning of flowering, as well as fruits without stalks in full maturity. The plant is used for violations of cardiac activity, vegetative neurosis, high blood pressure.

Hawthorn and preparations created on its basis have a beneficial effect on the brain and coronary blood supply, can reduce nervous excitability, eliminate the symptoms of arrhythmia and tachycardia. These drugs are especially well tolerated by the elderly. Traditional medicine recommends using an infusion of hawthorn fruits in menopause.

With high blood pressure, as well as menopause and vegetative neurosis, an infusion of blood-red hawthorn fruits is recommended.

Pour 10 g of fruits with 1 glass of water at room temperature. Close the bowl with a lid and place on water bath approximately 10-15 minutes. Then cool at room temperature, strain. Take 1 tablespoon 3 times a day.

In addition to infusion to reduce pressure, you can prepare a tincture of hawthorn fruits.

Pour 10 g of flowers with 100 g of vodka or 70% alcohol, cork tightly and leave for 10 days. Then strain the tincture. Store in a dark container. Take 3 times a day 30 minutes before meals, 20-30 drops. The course of treatment is 20-25 days.

Spring adonis, or Montenegrin

For medicinal purposes, the aerial part of the herb is used. Adonis should be harvested when it blooms, or during the fruiting period.

This plant is used for diseases of the cardiovascular system, in particular for chronic circulatory failure, as well as a diuretic and sedative in complex therapy. Adonis spring is part of some pharmaceutical preparations. It must be remembered that before using preparations of Adonis or the herb itself, you need to consult a doctor.

Black cohosh Dahurian

For medicinal purposes, a thick rhizome with roots is used. When studying the plant, it was found that it has a beneficial effect on the central nervous system, and also helps to relax the muscles of the intestines. Black cohosh Dahurian has the ability to reduce pressure. It is one of the highly effective medicinal plants used in arterial hypertension. In addition to water infusions, you can prepare alcohol infusions, which are also recommended for some gynecological diseases. At high pressure, Dahurian black cohosh tincture is used (it can be purchased at a pharmacy) 50 drops 3 times a day.

Rowan chokeberry

For medicinal purposes, rowan fruits are used. They contain a large amount of vitamin P, as well as vitamins C, A, B2, B6, trace elements, iron, boron, iodine and many others. useful substances. It is the content of vitamin P, supplemented by the action ascorbic acid helps to reduce high blood pressure. Therefore, the fruits of mountain ash and juice from it are recommended for use in stages I and II of hypertension.

Juice is prepared from the fruits, which must be taken (in the absence of any contraindications) 3 times a day 30 minutes before meals, 50 ml each for 10 days. You can continue the course of treatment up to 50 days, after consulting with your doctor.

Fruit chokeberry and preparations created on its basis are not recommended for patients suffering from gastritis accompanied by high acidity, as well as for gastric and duodenal ulcers.

marsh cudweed

For medicinal purposes, the plant is used along with the roots. Cushweed marsh and preparations made on its basis are widely used to reduce high blood pressure, as well as in complex treatment peptic ulcer stomach and duodenum.

Swamp cudweed is used in the form of infusions, decoctions. The pharmaceutical industry produces tablets, which include marsh cudweed.

At high pressure, it is recommended to use blue cyanosis tablets (0.05 g) together with cudweed tablets (0.2 g), since their combined use has a more pronounced therapeutic effect. Take cudweed tablets 30 minutes before meals 3 times a day, 2 pcs. and cyanosis blue tablets 3 times a day after meals, 1 pc. (check with your doctor!). With high blood pressure, it is recommended to make warm foot baths from the herbs of marsh cudweed and blue cyanosis.

To prepare baths, you need to take 150 g of grass and pour 3 liters of boiling water over it. Insist 30 minutes. Take a bath for 30 minutes.

For the treatment of high blood pressure, an infusion is prepared from the marsh cudweed herb.

30 g of herbs are poured into 1 glass warm water, cover with a lid and put in a water bath for 15 minutes. Then cool for 45 minutes and filter. Take 3-4 times a day, 1 tablespoon 30 minutes before meals.

Herbal preparations

Collection number 1

Kidney tea - 1 part;

Cudweed herb - 2 parts;

Motherwort grass - 3 parts.

1 tablespoon with a slide pour 300 ml of boiling water. Boil over low heat for 5 minutes. Then wrap well and leave for 3-4 hours. After that, strain. Take 20 minutes before eating food 1/2 cup 3 times a day. Infusion should be taken only in the form of heat.

Collection number 2

Cudweed herb - 1 part;

Blood-red hawthorn flowers - 1 part;

mistletoe leaves - 1 part;

Motherwort grass - 1 part.

Mix the ingredients well. 4 tablespoons of the prepared herbal mixture pour 1 liter of boiling water. Strain. Take the infusion 1 hour before meals 3 times a day for 1/2 cup.

Collection number 3

Valerian officinalis rhizome - 15 g;

Baikal skullcap roots - 15 g;

Carrot seeds - 10 g;

Horsetail herb - 10 g;

Fennel seeds - 10 g;

10 g of the prepared herbal mixture pour 200 ml of boiling water. Put in a boiling water bath for 20-30 minutes. Cool 10 minutes, strain. Quantity received herbal decoction bring to 200 ml with boiled water. Take 3 times a day for 1/3-1/4 cup.

Collection number 4

Herb motherwort five-lobed - 8 parts;

Wild strawberry leaves - 4 parts;

Marsh cudweed herb - 4 parts;

Shepherd's purse grass - 2 parts;

Blood-red hawthorn fruits - 2 parts;

Cultural flax seed - 2 parts;

Peppermint herb - 1 part.

Depending on the weight of the patient, 2-3 tablespoons of the herbal mixture is taken. Grass fall asleep in a thermos and pour 2 cups of boiling water. Leave in a thermos for 6-8 hours. After the infusion, drink during the day in a warm form in 3 divided doses. Take 30 minutes before a meal.

Collection number 5

Kidney tea - 1 part;

Adonis grass - 1 part;

Blood-red hawthorn fruits - 1 part;

Cudweed herb - 2 parts;

Peppermint herb - 2 parts;

Motherwort grass - 3 parts.

Grind all ingredients well and mix. Pour 2 tablespoons of herbal collection with 2 cups of boiling water. Put to boil on low heat for 5-10 minutes, then tightly close the lid and wrap. Strain after 30 minutes. Take the infusion after meals 3 times a day for 1/3 cup.

Collection number 6

Blood-red hawthorn fruits - 15 g;

Black chokeberry fruits - 15 g;

Baikal skullcap roots - 10 g;

Horsetail herb - 10 g;

Blue cornflower flowers - 10 g.

10 g of the prepared herbal mixture pour 200 ml of boiling water. Put in a boiling water bath for 30 minutes. Cool for 10 minutes, strain. Bring the resulting amount of herbal decoction to 200 ml with boiled water. Take 3 times a day for 1/4 cup.

Collection number 7

Rose hips - 1 part;

Basil grass - 1 part;

Fruits and flowers of blood-red hawthorn - 1 part;

Swamp cudweed herb - 1 part;

Motherwort grass - 1 part.

Grind and mix all the necessary ingredients. 4 tablespoons of the prepared herbal mixture pour 1 liter of boiling water. Leave the infusion to infuse for 7 hours. Strain. Take a ready-made infusion 3 times a day for 1/2 cup.

Collection number 8

Blood-red hawthorn flowers - 20 g;

Young shoots of white mistletoe - 20 g;

Small periwinkle leaves - 10 g;

Valerian officinalis rhizome - 10 g;

Common cumin fruits - 10 g.

Mix all ingredients well. Pour 1 tablespoon of the herbal mixture with 1 cup of boiling water. Leave to infuse for 2 hours, then strain. Infusion take 2 times a day for 1 glass.

It should be emphasized that in the treatment of herbal preparations can be used both in isolation and in combination with drug therapy (at the discretion of the attending physician).

Usually, with herbal medicine, after 2 weeks, improvement occurs: sleep normalizes, weakness decreases, and blood pressure levels decrease. However, a lasting effect can be achieved only in the case of long-term and regular use of herbs (for 6-8 weeks).

It is advisable to take breaks for 7–10 days after a month and a half of treatment against the background of good health, and after the break, if possible, change the fees. In addition, it is recommended to change the plants added to the main collection for the treatment concomitant diseases. After the course of treatment, it is recommended to take prophylactic preparations (even with the normalization of blood pressure and satisfactory health) for 2 months twice a year - in spring and autumn.

In herbal medicine, it should be borne in mind that herbal treatment, like any other treatment, cannot be effective enough without following the correct regimen, using physiotherapy exercises and a sparing diet, quitting smoking, drinking alcohol and strong coffee.

People quite often do not pay attention to headaches. In a sense, this is facilitated by modern medicines that allow you to drown out unpleasant sensations.

But everyone should understand that its appearance is a signal from the body, saying that not everything is in order with you. Quite often in such patients, the main cause of discomfort is increased intracranial pressure. Symptoms in adults, treatment methods - read about all this in our review.

What is intracranial pressure

Liquor is a cerebrospinal fluid, the excess of which can put pressure on the human brain. It is formed in clusters of small vessels, which are called "sacs" of the human brain.

And it is the pressure of this fluid that has come to be called intracranial. If there is little cerebrospinal fluid, then the pressure will inevitably decrease, but if there is too much of it, then this is exactly the case when doctors diagnose increased intracranial pressure. Symptoms in adults are extremely unpleasant. And yes, it is a dangerous disease.

A healthy person is distinguished by a stable level of fluid in the body, without obvious predominance in one direction or another.

Increased intracranial pressure: symptoms in adults

In addition to the actual high blood pressure, this problem has a number of accompanying symptoms. How does increased in adults manifest the following:

• headache markedly worse in the evening and at night;
• constant feeling of nausea, but no vomiting;
• a person feels weak and lethargic, he becomes irritable much faster;
• the pupil of the eye does not react to light, and the patient himself has “flies” flashing in his eyes;
• one side of the body abruptly loses muscle strength, which strongly resembles paralysis.

Headache with intracranial pressure often becomes more pronounced with sneezing and coughing. The same is to be expected from slopes.

In such cases, if the pain zone turns out to be indefinite, one can expect an increase in pain not in the evening, but in the morning.

Pressure has a significant effect on the optic nerve. The consequences of this may be temporary blindness, fog before the eyes and other manifestations that prevent a person from leading full image life.

Even mentally stable people experience discomfort during bouts of high blood pressure. They may experience nervous breakdowns long periods of depression. The person becomes lethargic, leads a passive lifestyle and is quickly irritated.

Frequent back pain can also be one of the manifestations of the disease.

How to be treated

If you have increased intracranial pressure, treatment should not be delayed until long box. You need to urgently seek help from a specialist. Methods of therapy are quite strongly dependent on the reasons for the appearance of such high pressure. Much also depends on the age of the patient who consulted a doctor.

The main methods of treatment are taking drugs that affect the blood vessels, as well as sedatives and diuretics.

In addition, manual therapy and gymnastics are prescribed.

The patient is put on a specific diet, the essence of which is the use of foods rich in vitamins. It is necessary to avoid taking large amounts of liquid and salt.

In especially severe cases, drainage and the introduction of shunts are indicated - this is necessary to reduce the amount of cerebrospinal fluid.

How to reduce intracranial pressure yourself

If the disease caught you at the wrong time, then you can always deal with it at home. You should not count on a complete cure, but it is quite possible to relieve most of the symptoms. So,

An important role in self-treatment is played by diuretics, such as tincture of hawthorn, rosehip, lavender, etc. They provoke a decrease in intracranial pressure.

It is worth noting that before taking herbal tinctures, it is imperative to consult with your doctor.

Another quite effective massage of two points on the back of the head. To use it, you need to grab your head with your hands so that your thumbs are exactly on the back of your head. After that, it is necessary to make circular movements for several minutes.

Tablets from intracranial pressure

Of course, in the treatment of intracranial pressure, it is also used drug therapy. It is necessary to pay attention to the fact that drug treatment must necessarily take place under the supervision of a physician. Otherwise, negative and even fatal consequences should be expected.

The usual practice in such cases is the appointment of diuretic drugs like Furosemide or Veroshpiron. If the condition adversely affected optic nerve patient, then in this case he is prescribed corticosteroid tablets for intracranial pressure, for example, Prednisolone or Dexamethasone.

Alternative treatment

Is it possible to treat alternative intracranial pressure? Alternative medicine is quite effective, but its main disadvantage is that it only weakens the symptoms that have manifested. In fact, it is almost impossible to cure intracranial pressure with the help of folk remedies. They should be used in cases where it is not possible to get an appointment with the attending physician.

The main weapon against all ailments is herbal infusions and decoctions. Valerian, sage and St. John's wort are mainly used.

Having selected medicinal herbs, they should be poured with boiling water. You need to make sure that the herbs were taken no more than one tablespoon. You need to drink the infusion for one month, drinking a quarter cup three times a day. After a course of herbs, you should take a break from them for a significant period of time.

There are other options. Alcohol tincture is a very popular remedy among the people. It is necessary to take dry clover flowers as a basis, fill them with exactly half of the jar, and fill to the very top with alcohol or vodka. After that, the tincture should be placed in a dark and cool place for two weeks.

When it is ready, it can be taken twice a day, one teaspoon, previously diluted with water.

And finally, tincture of garlic is good for headaches. To make it, you need to take three lemons and pass them through a meat grinder along with the skin. Add three chopped cloves of garlic to the resulting mixture.

After that, the drug should be allowed to settle, and only then you can start taking the medicine in small doses and several times a day.

Intracranial pressure. Which doctor should I contact?

What kind of doctor treats this unpleasant and potentially dangerous disease? First you have to go to a therapist to cut off all possible options. After that, they should issue a referral to a neurologist, but he already knows perfectly well what to do with the disease.

You should not expect that the doctor will be able to cure intracranial pressure instantly. To begin with, you will need to undergo many examinations, including an MRI and an encephalogram. After making sure that you do not have other brain pathologies, the doctor will be able to proceed with standard treatment procedures.

The need for an examination by a therapist is high, since he needs to cut off many other possible diseases. This is very important, because the sooner you can start the right treatment, the easier it will be to defeat the disease.

Medicines for increased intracranial pressure

Some of the drugs fight the manifestations of intracranial pressure, while the rest are aimed at the root cause of the disease.

Medicines for increased intracranial pressure in adults are primarily diuretics. Their main purpose is to help the body get rid of excess fluid. The smaller it is, the faster the pressure will drop.

For example, the drug "Gricerol" effectively copes with this task.

In addition, drugs that expand the human vascular system are actively used. For example, one of the most widely used options is magnesia. It also has an antiarrhythmic effect.

Among some doctors, it is common practice to treat internal cranial pressure according to a certain scheme, which includes nootropics and pills that help stabilize the blood circulation process in the brain.

The most frequent choice of doctors is Nootropil, Pirocetam and Phenotropil. Their main goal is to normalize the patient's thought process and at the same time help him cope with intellectual stress.

"Sermion" and "Cavinton" are already drugs that affect blood circulation. It is worth recalling once again that only a doctor is able to choose the right pills and determine the dosage. Self-treatment in such a delicate field of medicine can lead to such consequences that none of the doctors can reverse.

When to See a Doctor

It is not the slightest difficulty to measure normal pressure, but when it comes to intracranial pressure, here many fall into a stupor. And there is something from.

The most effective way to find out if there is a problem is a puncture. The doctor takes a needle connected to a pressure gauge and then inserts it into dorsal canal. All this requires careful preparation patient, which is available only in a hospital setting.

These are not all options. More expensive - MRI. It costs decent money, but it is no less accurate, and there is no need to insert any needles and other things that can scare the patient. And yet, most often, doctors manage with electroencephalography. With its help, it is possible to detect changes in the picture of brain activity, which is also evidence of an increased level of pressure in the brain.

If you once found yourself with an unreasonable headache and nausea, do not delay, consult a doctor. It may be possible to prevent the disease before it passes into more serious phases.

Causes of the disease

Intracranial pressure, the symptoms and treatment of which we examined, can be triggered by many factors, but most often similar condition observed in cases of congenital pathologies and in a variety of inflammations, such as meningitis and encephalitis.

At risk are people who are overweight. Such a useful vitamin A at the same time is a substance that can significantly increase your pressure, but this is possible only with an excess of retinol in the body.

Intoxication is another reason for the onset of the disease. Exposure to toxic substances adversely affects the normal functioning of the brain. As a result, serious organic damage can be obtained.

Intracranial pressure in children

Children, no less than adults, are at risk of getting this unpleasant disease, which in the end can have the most negative impact on their level of development and further success in life. Apathy, drowsiness, excessive sensitivity, in some cases even strabismus. All this does not contribute to the learning process, prevents the child from being active and inquisitive.

The consequences of intracranial pressure for a child

The child is at risk of falling into depression, he inevitably lags behind in his studies, does not want to go out with his peers, avoids new acquaintances and even locks himself in his room, because he does not want to participate in any of the activities.

Increased intracranial pressure (symptoms and treatment of the disease depend on the presence of concomitant diseases) can be detected even in infants. Because of him, children learn late to hold their heads, walk and even talk. Therefore, a scheduled examination by specialists, including a neurologist, is not recommended to be skipped and ignored.

To prevent such a disaster from happening to your child, you should carefully listen to their complaints (of course, we are talking about older children, not babies) and, if necessary, take them to the doctor in a timely manner.

Symptoms of intracranial pressure in children

In children, the disease manifests itself in its own way, but there are common symptoms. Anxiety and fatigue, severe headache, nausea and vomiting, strabismus - all this is what you should pay attention to during the period of growth of the child.

In absolutely crumbs, the shape of the head can be deformed and the volume of the head can increase, too frequent regurgitation is observed, and this does not even depend on meals. The child as a whole behaves more restlessly than all other children. And finally, a monotonous cry is another evidence that a small organism suffers from increased intracranial pressure.

A disease in which there is an increase in blood pressure (systolic) of 140 mmHg or more and (or) an increase in blood pressure (diastolic) of 90 mmHg or more with at least two measurements of blood pressure using the Korotkoff method, which should be carried out at two or more visits to the doctor with an interval of at least one week in the absence of antihypertensive therapy and the exclusion of secondary arterial hypertension, is called essential hypertension or hypertension.

The main symptom is a steady increase in blood pressure associated with impaired vascular tone and heart function. Often, an increase in pressure can be a symptom of other diseases of the internal organs (for example, kidneys, endocrine system), but in this case there is no talk of arterial hypertension (an increase in pressure is called symptomatic). According to the recommendations of the World Health Organization, elevated blood pressure is more than 140/90 mmHg(regardless of age).

Causes of arterial hypertension, hypertension

The causes of hypertension (hypertension) are not exactly established. Contribute to the development of hypertension dysfunction of the endocrine glands, kidney disease, smoking, eating large amounts of salt; professions that require great responsibility and increased attention, insufficient sleep, injuries of the central nervous system, hereditary predisposition. Atherosclerosis plays an important role in hypertension.

A sudden increase in blood pressure is most often due to an unexpected increase in the amount of vasoconstrictor substances supplied by the nervous and endocrine systems in the blood. Blood pressure can also rise from an excess of sugar or salt in it. High blood pressure may have other causes: weakening of the kidneys, damage to the liver or epithelial suction hairs of the small intestine, weakening of vascular function (damage to the membrane properties of blood vessels), increased blood sugar, etc.

Symptoms of hypertension and high blood pressure.

During hypertension, there are three stages of hypertension:

Stage I hypertension(functional changes) - patients are concerned about weakness, headache, fatigue, sleep disturbances. High blood pressure is unstable, under the influence of rest and sedatives it normalizes. The pressure rises to 160-170 / 90-100 mm Hg. Art., the pressure level is unstable. Patients complain of headache, insomnia, fatigue.

Stage II hypertension(initial organic changes) - to reduce it, the use of special antihypertensive drugs is required. Hypertensive crises may occur. There is damage to the kidneys, eyes and other organs. The pressure is stable and is kept within 180-200/1105-110 mm Hg. Art.

III stage of hypertension(pronounced organic changes) - blood pressure is elevated constantly. The pressure reaches 200-230 / 115-120 mm Hg. Art. or higher. At this stage, organic changes occur in the vessels and organs. There may be such severe complications like myocardial infarction, cerebral stroke, heart failure, blindness.

The main complaint in all stages of the disease is a headache, usually in the occipital region, which appears in the morning after sleep. There may be irritability, insomnia, some memory loss, and as the disease progresses, pain in the heart area, shortness of breath during exercise, and decreased vision are disturbing.

A severe manifestation of hypertension is hypertensive crisis- a sharp increase in blood pressure, which, as a rule, occurs after stress, physical effort, insufficient sleep, diet errors (consumption of large amounts of salt, alcohol). Headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, pain in the heart area, palpitations, visual disturbances appear or sharply increase.

Headache, dizziness, flushing, nosebleeds, nausea - these are the main symptoms of hypertension. But most often, hypertension is asymptomatic, for which it is called the "silent killer." It is known that more than half of people are unaware that they have high blood pressure.

Treatment of hypertension and high blood pressure.

The disease should be treated comprehensively. First of all, you should reduce weight, change your lifestyle and diet, stop smoking, regulate physical activity, try to reduce stressful situations, reduce the consumption of salt, alcohol and certain drugs. If a doctor has prescribed a medicine for hypertension, it must be taken even if the symptoms disappear.

At hypertension it is important to normalize the mode of work and rest - sufficient night sleep, walks in the fresh air, dosed physical activity, a less intense work schedule are necessary. From the diet you need to exclude or at least limit the consumption of spicy, smoked, spicy seasonings, reduce the amount of table salt consumed. It is necessary to limit alcohol and smoking.
Prescribe antihypertensive drugs (ACE inhibitors, calcium antagonists, AT1-angiotensin receptor blockers, vasodilators, beta-blockers), diuretics, sedatives.

MEDICINES USED IN THE TREATMENT OF HYPERTENSION (ON THE APPOINTMENT AND UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF A CARDIOLOGIST)
ACE inhibitors (angiotensin-converting enzyme)
Captopril (Alcadil, Angiopril, Apo-Capto, Aceten, Capoten, Capril, Capto, Cardopril, Catopil, Novo-Captoril, Rilcapton, Sistopril, Tenziomin, Epsitron)
Lisinopril (Dapril, Diroton, Listril, Prinivil, Sino-pril)
Ramipril (Korpril, Tritace)
Fosinopril (Monopril)
Enalapril (Berlipril, Vasopren, Invoril, Calpiren, Co-randil, Co-renitec, Lerin, Minipril, Miopril, Olivine, Renipril, Renitec, ] Ednit, Enazil, Enam, Enap, Enarenal, Envas, Enpril, Enril)
Calcium antagonists Amlodipine (Norvasc)
Verapamil (Atsupamil, Isoptin, Lekoptin), Nitrendipine (Bypress, Lusopress, Nitrepin, Oktidipine, Unipres)
Nifelat, Nifesan, Ronian, Sponif, Fenamon, Ecodipine) Felodipine (Auronal, Plendil, Felodip)
AT1-angiotensin receptor blockers
Valsartan (Diovan, Co-Diovan)
Irbesartan (Aprovel)
Losartan (Brozaar, Vero-Losartan, Cozaar)
Vasodilators
Hydralazine (Apressin, Triniton, Trireside K) Minoxidil (Alopexy, Loniten, Regaine) Papaverine (Papazol)
Alpha blockers
Doxazosin (Artezin, Zokson, Kamiren, Cardura, Magurol,
Tonocardin) Prazosin (Adverzuten, Minipress, Polpressin, Prazosin-
bene, Pratsiol) Proroxan (Pirroxan) Terazosin (Kornam, Setegis, Haytrin)
Beta blockers
Atenolol (Azektol, Ategexal compositum, Aten, Atenil, Atkardil, Katenol, Kuksanorm, Prinorm, Tenolol, Te-norik, Tenormin, Falitonzin, Hypoten, Hipres)
Betaxolol (Betak, Betoptik, Lokren)
Bisoprolol (Bisogamma, Concor)
Metoprolol (Betaloc, Vasocordin, Corvitol, Specicor, Egilok)
Propranolol (Anaprilin, Betakep, Inderal, Novo-Pranol, Obzidan, Propranobene)
Diuretics
Acetazolamide (Diacarb, Phonurite)
Hydrochlorothiazide (Apo-Hydro, Hypothiazide, Disalunil,
Dichlothiazide) Spironolactone (Aldactone, Aldopur, Veroshpiron, Lazi-
lactone, Spirix, Spiro, Spironaxan, Spironobene,
Spironol, Urakton, Furo-Aldopur) Furosemide (Aquatrix, Difurex, Kinex, Lasix, Uride,
Urix, Florix, Frusemide, Furon)
Calming agents
Diazepam (Apaurin, Valium, Relanium, Reladorm, Seduxen)
Hobpassit
Oxazepam (Apo-oxazepam, Nozepam, Tazepam) Phenazepam
Drugs that act primarily on the nervous system
Guanfacine (Estulik)
Clonidine (Barclid, Hemiton, Katapresan, Clonidine, Chlophazoline)
Reserpine (Antihypertonin, Acinosin, Brinerdin, Normatens, Rausedil, Sinepress)
Combined drugs
Adelfan Kristepin Trirezid K Enap N

how to lower blood pressure without pills

"hypertensive diet"

This diet is very effective; the fractional nutrition provided by it practically eliminates the feeling of hunger. It is recommended to “sit” 1 day on a hypertonic diet once every 10-15 days.

7.45 - take 20 drops of vodka tincture of garlic, which should be washed down with 0.5 cups of infusion of rowan fruits: pour 1 tablespoon of rowan fruits with 1 cup of boiling water, insist until cool, strain.

8.00 - drink 1 glass of wild rose broth: pour 20 tons of whole rose hips with 1 glass of boiling water, cook over low heat for 10 minutes in a sealed container, then insist for 1 day at room temperature, strain. For taste, you can add honey or jam. For children, the dose is reduced by half.

10.00 - drink 1 glass of decoction of hawthorn fruit. A decoction is prepared according to the same method as a decoction of rose hips.

11.45 - take 20 drops of vodka tincture of garlic, washed down with 0.3 cups of red beet juice.

12.00 - vegetarian soup without salt - 0.25-0.5 l: peas - 50 g, carrots - 40 g, beets - 40 g, fresh white cabbage - 40 g, onions - 40 g, garlic - 40 g. All boil over low heat in 2-4 cups of water.

14.00 - drink 1 glass of rosehip broth, dissolving 20 drops of garlic vodka tincture in it.

16.00 - drink 1 glass of carrot juice, dissolving 1 teaspoon of garlic juice in it.

18.00 - vegetarian soup without salt - 0.25-0.5 l.

20.00 - drink 0.5 cups of carrot juice, dissolving 1 teaspoon of garlic juice in it.

22.00 - drink 1 glass of compote of raisins, dried apricots and figs, dissolving 20 drops of garlic vodka tincture in it.

Tincture of garlic is prepared like this. Pour 50 g of chopped garlic with 0.25 liters of vodka, insist in a dark, warm place for 12 days, shaking the contents from time to time, then let stand for 1 day. Strain carefully through a layered cheesecloth. Store in a dark, cool place.

Folk remedies for the treatment of hypertension

Phytotherapy is of no small importance in the complex of means of treating GB. First of all, these are sedative herbs and fees. They can be used in finished form (extracts, tinctures and tablets).

These are mainly preparations of valerian, motherwort, hawthorn. Among the plants that have a calming effect, also include chamomile, lemon balm, peppermint, hop cones and many others.

Traditional medicine advises patients with GB to eat honey, chokeberry (200-300 g per day), citrus fruits and rose hips in the form of a drink, green tea. All of these foods reduce high blood pressure and are rich in vitamin C, which is necessary for a weakened heart muscle.

• Dissolve a tablespoon of honey in 1 glass of mineral water, add the juice of half a lemon. Drink on an empty stomach in one go. The duration of treatment is 7-10 days. The remedy is used for hypertension, insomnia, increased excitability.
• Grind 2 cups of cranberries with 3 tablespoons of powdered sugar and eat daily at one time an hour before meals. This remedy is used in mild forms of hypertension.
• Beetroot juice - 4 cups, honey - 4 cups, marsh cudweed grass - 100 g, vodka - 500 g. Combine all components, mix thoroughly, leave for 10 days in a tightly sealed container in a dark cool place, strain, squeeze. Take 1-2 tablespoons 3 times a day half an hour before meals. The drug is used for hypertension I-II degree.
• Onion juice helps to lower blood pressure, so it is recommended to prepare the following remedy: squeeze juice from 3 kg of onion, mix it with 500 g of honey, add 25 g of walnut films and pour 1/2 liter of vodka. Insist 10 days. Take 1 tablespoon 2-3 times a day.
• St. John's wort (herb) - 100 g, chamomile (flowers) - 100 g, immortelle (flowers) - 100 g, birch (buds) - 100 g. The components are mixed, ground in a coffee grinder and stored in a glass jar with a lid. The daily dose is prepared in the evening: brew 1 tablespoon of a mixture of 0.5 liters of boiling water and leave for 20 minutes. Then filter through the canvas and wring out the residue. Half of the infusion with 1 teaspoon of honey is drunk immediately, and the rest is heated in the morning to 30-40 ° C and drunk 20 minutes before breakfast. Treatment is carried out daily until the mixture is completely used. Used for heart attack and hypertension.
• 10 g of viburnum fruits are poured with a glass of boiling water, heated under a lid in a water bath for 15 minutes, cooled for 45 minutes, filtered, squeezed and adjusted to 200 ml. Drink 1/3 cup 3-4 times a day. Store the infusion for no more than 2 days.
• To normalize blood pressure, long time take an alcohol tincture of calendula (at a ratio of 2:100 at 40-degree alcohol) 20-40 drops 3 times a day. At the same time, headaches disappear, sleep improves, efficiency and vitality increase.
• It is very useful to drink a mixture of a glass of beetroot juice, a glass of carrot, half a glass of cranberry, 250 g of honey and 100 g of vodka. Take 1 tablespoon 3 times a day. You can also prepare the following mixture: 2 cups of beetroot juice, 250 g of honey, juice of one lemon, 1.5 cups of cranberry juice and 1 cup of vodka. It should be taken 1 tablespoon 3 times a day one hour before meals.
• Pass 100 g of pitted raisins through a meat grinder, pour a glass of cold water, cook for 10 minutes over low heat, strain, cool and squeeze. Drink the entire dose during the day.
• Chokeberry juice should be taken half an hour before meals, 1/3 cup 3 times a day. The course of treatment is 2 weeks.
• Blackcurrant juice or a decoction of its berries take 1/4 cup 3-4 times a day.
• Decoction of viburnum berries take half a glass 3 times a day.
• A mixture of half a glass of beetroot juice, the same amount of lemon juice and 1 glass of linden honey, take 1/3 cup 1 hour after eating.
• Eat 1 glass of cranberries every morning and take 5-10 drops of hawthorn flower tincture with water.
• Soak socks in vinegar essence, diluted with water in a ratio of 1: 1, and put them on at night, wrapping your feet tightly.
• Collect the ingredients in the following proportions: five-lobed motherwort grass - 4 parts, marsh cudweed herb - 3 parts, blood-red hawthorn fruits - 1 part, peppermint leaf - 1/2 part, shepherd's purse grass - 1 part, black chokeberry fruits - 1 part, dill fruits - 1 part, flax seed - 1 part, wild strawberry leaf - 2 parts. Pour two or three tablespoons of the mixture (depending on the patient's body weight) into a thermos with 2.5 cups of boiling water. Leave for 6-8 hours. The next day, take the entire infusion warm in 3 divided doses 20-40 minutes before meals.
• Drink fresh juice of chokeberry fruits (chokeberry) 1/2 cup per reception for 2 weeks. You can grind 1 kg of washed and slightly dried fruits with 700 g of granulated sugar. Take 75-100 g 2 times a day.
• A glass of crushed garlic cloves is infused in 0.5 liters of vodka in a dark and warm place. Infusion take 1 tablespoon 3 times a day before meals.
• AT equal parts in 1 liter of boiling water, brew 1 cup of motherwort grass, marsh cudweed, hawthorn flowers and white mistletoe, insist and take 100 ml 3 times a day half an hour before meals.
• Mix herbs in the following proportions: hawthorn (flowers) - 5 parts, motherwort (grass) - 5 parts, cudweed (grass) - 5 parts, chamomile (flowers) - 2 parts. Two tablespoons of the mixture pour 1 liter of boiling water, leave for 20 minutes, strain. Drink 100 ml of infusion 3 times a day.
• Mix herbs in the following proportions: cumin (fruits) - 1 part, valerian (root) - 2 parts, hawthorn (flowers) - 3 parts, white mistletoe (grass) - 4 parts. Two tablespoons of the mixture pour 400 ml of boiling water, leave for 2 hours, strain. Drink during the day.
• Mix lemon or orange gruel with peel, but no seeds, with granulated sugar to taste. Take a teaspoon 3 times a day before meals.
• Mix herbs in the following proportions: common yarrow herb - 3 parts; blood-red hawthorn flowers, horsetail grass, white mistletoe grass, small periwinkle leaves - 1 part each. Pour a tablespoon of the collection with a glass of hot water and leave for 3 hours, boil for 5 minutes, cool and strain. Take 1/3-1/4 cup 3-4 times daily.
• Mix herbs in the following proportions: blood-red hawthorn flowers, white mistletoe grass - equally. Pour a teaspoon of the collection with a glass of boiling water, leave for 10 minutes and strain. Take 1/3 cup 3 times a day one hour after meals.
• A tablespoon of the fruits of mountain ash, brew 1 cup boiling water, insist until cool, strain. Drink 0.5 cup 2-3 times a day.
• Collect the ingredients in the following ratios: marsh cudweed grass, five-lobed motherwort herb - 2 parts each, blood-red hawthorn flowers, horsetail grass - 1 part each. Pour 20 g of the collection into 200 ml of water, heat in a boiling water bath for 15 minutes, cool for 45 minutes, strain and add boiled water to the original volume. Take 1/4-1/3 cup 3-4 times a day.
• Collect the ingredients in the following ratios: tansy (inflorescences), high elecampane (root) - equally. Pour a teaspoon of the mixture with 2 cups of boiling water, boil in a water bath for 1.5 hours, strain. Drink 100 ml 3 times a day 2 hours before meals.
• Pass 3 large heads of garlic and 3 lemons through a meat grinder, brew 1.25 liters of boiling water, close tightly and insist in a warm place for a day, stirring occasionally, then strain. Drink 1 tablespoon 2-3 times a day 30 minutes before meals.
• For hypertension with atherosclerosis, chop 2 large heads of garlic and pour 250 ml of vodka, leave for 12 days. Take 20 drops 3 times a day 15 minutes before meals. To improve the taste, mint infusion can be added to the tincture. The course of treatment is 3 weeks.
• Dilute 3 drops of fresh aloe juice in a teaspoon of cold boiled water. Take daily on an empty stomach 1 time per day. The course of treatment is 2 months. The pressure is back to normal.
• Grind 250 g of horseradish (washed and peeled), pour 3 liters of cold boiled water, boil for 20 minutes. Drink 100 ml 3 times a day. After several doses, the pressure drops to normal.
• Pour 20 g of chopped bean leaves with 1 liter of water, boil in a water bath for 3-4 hours, cool, strain. Decoction drink 0.5 cup 4-5 times a day.
• 10 g of spring adonis flowers, buckwheat flowers, lily of the valley roots, crushed valerian roots, 1 glass of vodka.
  Pour the crushed collection with 1 glass of vodka. Insist in a dark place in a glass container with a lid for 20 days.
  Take 3 times a day, 25 drops per 1 tbsp. l. water 30 minutes before meals.
• 60 g of dry grape wine, 20 drops of fresh yarrow juice, 20 drops of rue juice, 10 g of buckwheat grass.
  Mix the ingredients, insist for a day in a dark glass vessel in a warm place.
  Take 1 time per day in the morning, 30-40 minutes before meals.
• 5 g of water willow bark, 1 g of wormwood herb, 15 g of yarrow herb, 10 g of ground flaxseed, 150 ml of boiling water.
  1 st. l. collection, pour into an enamel bowl, pour boiling water, cover, leave for 30 minutes. Strain the resulting infusion, squeeze the raw material.
  Take 2 times a day 30 minutes before meals for a month.
• 10 g leaves of lemon balm, 20 g corn silk, juice of 1 lemon, 0.5 l of boiling water.
  Squeeze juice from lemon. Pour the resulting collection into an enamel bowl, pour boiling water. Keep in a water bath for 20 minutes. Insist until cool. Drain the infusion, squeeze out the raw materials. Add lemon juice to the resulting infusion.
  Take 1/2 cup 3 times a day 30 minutes after meals. Conduct 3 courses of 7 days with a weekly interval.
• 20 g of rue herb, corn stigmas, 10 g of valerian root, peppermint leaves, 1 cup of boiling water.
  Mix all ingredients, 2 tbsp. l. collection place in an enamel bowl, pour boiling water. Boil in a water bath for 20 minutes. Insist until cool. Strain, squeeze raw materials.
  Take 2-3 times a day with meals for a month.
• 30 g of valerian roots, common anise herb, motherwort herb, 20 g of dried sunflower petals, yarrow herb, 1 cup of boiled water.
  2 tbsp. l. collection place in an enamel bowl, cover with a lid. Infuse in a water bath for 20 minutes. After cooling, strain, squeeze the raw material.
  Take 1/3 cup 2-3 times daily with meals.

The blood pressure is increased. Recipes Vanga

• Pour a tablespoon into the bottom of the cup. cornmeal and pour hot water to the top, leave overnight. In the morning, drink water, trying not to stir up the sediment from the bottom.
• Moisten a cloth with apple or wine 5 - 6% vinegar. Apply to heels for 5-10 minutes. The pressure level must be carefully monitored. When the pressure returns to normal, stop the procedure.
• In order to get rid of hypertension, you need to take a chopped clove of garlic with a cup of apple cider vinegar every morning. In the sclerotic form of hypertension, use fresh garlic (2-3 cloves daily).
• Vanga also recommended eating fresh onion bulbs.
• A good remedy is an infusion of valerian. Pour 10 g of roots and rhizomes with 1 cup of boiling water, boil for 30 minutes, leave for 2 hours. Drink 1 - 2 tablespoons 3 - 4 times a day after meals.
  Valerian decoction: grind 10 g of roots and rhizomes (the length of the particles should be no more than 3 mm), pour 300 ml of water, boil for 15 minutes, cool, filter. Drink 1/2 cup 3 times a day after meals.
  A good remedy is valerian powder: crush valerian roots in a mortar. Take 2 grams of powder 3 times a day.
• In the early stages of hypertension, Vanga successfully used motherwort: in terms of strength of action in nervous and heart diseases, it is significantly superior to valerian. Moreover, various medicines can be prepared from it (water infusion, alcohol tincture), used as part of a soothing tea 3-4 times a day.
• To achieve a decrease in blood pressure, it is necessary to use calendula tincture for a long time. At the same time, the disappearance of headaches, improved sleep and increased efficiency are noted. An alcohol tincture is used. To do this, 40 g of calendula flowers are added to 100 ml of 40-degree alcohol. They insist one week. Take 20-30 drops 3 times a day for a long time.
• Beetroot juice with honey (equally) take a tablespoon 4-5 times a day for 2-3 weeks for a course of treatment.
• A decoction of dried black currant fruits: pour 2 tablespoons of dried fruits with a glass of hot water, boil for 10 minutes on low heat, leave for 1 hour, strain. Drink 1/4 cup of decoction 4 times a day, 2 - 3 weeks.
  Jam and decoction of dried blackcurrant fruits can be consumed in the form of tea.
• Raspberry fruits (complete) - 2 parts, oregano herb - 2 parts, heart-shaped linden flowers - 2 parts, coltsfoot leaf - 2 parts, large plantain leaf - 2 parts, white birch leaf - 1 part, horsetail shoots field - 3 parts, grass and dill seeds - 3 parts, rose hips (grind) - 5 parts. Brew 2.5 cups of boiling water, simmer for 30 minutes, strain. Take 150 ml of infusion 3 times a day 10-15 minutes before meals.
• A mixture of 1 tablespoon of honey, 1 cup beetroot juice, 1 cup carrot juice, 1 cup horseradish juice (Grated horseradish is infused with water for 36 hours), mix 1 lemon juice, take 1 cup 2 times a day for 1 hour before meals. The course of treatment is 1.5 months.
• 40 cloves pour 0.8 liters of water, boil over low heat until you get 0.5 liters. Store the broth in a bottle, take 1 tablespoon 3 times a day (on an empty stomach in the morning, 2 times before meals) for a long time;
• Pass the tops (15 - 20 cm) of flowering celandine through a meat grinder, squeeze out the juice and leave to ferment, covering with two layers of gauze. When the smell disappears, mold appears, you need to remove the mold film and take an infusion of 5 to 10 drops, depending on age.
• Take an infusion of lilac, quince and mulberry leaves, both fresh and dry. Take 5 leaves of these trees, pour 0.5 liters of boiling water over them for 3-4 hours, strain and take 100 ml 5 times a day.
• In Bulgarian folk medicine, for the treatment of high blood pressure, they drank 1-2 cups a day of cold yarrow tincture and ate 1 teaspoon of brewer's yeast a day.
• Mix honey with an equal amount of cranberries passed through a meat grinder, take the mixture 1 tablespoon 3 times a day half an hour before meals.
• It is useful to drink an infusion of adonis herb: five grams of adonis herb pour two cups of boiling water, leave for two hours. Take 1 tablespoon 3 times a day.
• Infusion of adonis, hawthorn, kidney tea, cudweed, peppermint, motherwort: mix 10 grams of adonis herb, 10 grams of herb or hawthorn fruit, 10 grams of kidney tea, 20 grams of cudweed herb, 30 grams of peppermint herb and 30 grams of motherwort herb. Pour two tablespoons of this mixture with half a liter of boiling water, boil for 10 minutes. Infuse for half an hour, strain and take 1 tablespoon 3 times a day.
• Infusion of adonis herb, horsetail, motherwort, cudweed, hawthorn flowers, birch leaves: mix 10 grams of adonis herb, 10 grams of hawthorn flowers, 10 grams of birch leaves, 10 grams of horsetail herb, 20 grams of motherwort herb, 20 grams of cudweed herb. Pour two tablespoons of the mixture with half a liter of boiling water, insist, wrapped, 5 - 6 hours, strain. Drink 1/2 cup 3 times a day before meals in a warm form.
• Infusion of hawthorn flowers: pour 15 grams of hawthorn flowers with 3 cups of boiling water, leave for 2 hours. Take 1 glass 3 times a day.
• Infusion of hawthorn, motherwort, cudweed, cornflower and wild rose: mix and carefully grind hawthorn fruits and flowers taken in equal amounts, motherwort herb, cudweed grass, cornflower grass and rose hips. Pour 20 grams of the resulting mixture with one liter of boiling water. Insist 8 hours, strain. Take 1/2 cup 3 times a day after meals.
• Infusion of hawthorn, motherwort, cudweed, mistletoe: mix and carefully grind hawthorn flowers, motherwort grass, cudweed grass, mistletoe leaves taken in equal amounts. Pour 20 grams of this mixture with 1 liter of boiling water, leave for 8 hours, strain. Take 1/2 cup 3 times a day one hour after meals.
• Infusion of hawthorn, horsetail, mistletoe, garlic and arnica: Mix and finely grind 30 grams of hawthorn fruit, hawthorn flowers, horsetail herb, mistletoe herb, chopped garlic bulbs and 10 grams of arnica flowers. Pour 20 grams of this mixture of herbs with 1 cup of boiling water, leave for 8 hours, strain. Take 1/4 cup 4 times a day half an hour before meals.
• Red clover infusion: Brew 1 tablespoon of red clover flowers with a glass of boiling water, leave for half an hour, strain. Drink 1/2 cup 3 times a day. The course of treatment is 2-3 weeks.
• Infusion of red clover flowers: Pour 5 grams of red clover flowers with 1 cup of boiling water, leave for half an hour, strain. Drink 1/2 cup 3 times a day.
• Infusion of motherwort herb, cudweed, wild rosemary and kidney tea: mix 90 grams of motherwort herb, 30 grams of cudweed grass, 20 grams of wild rosemary herb and 10 grams of kidney tea. 1 tablespoon of this collection brew one and a half cups of boiling water, boil for 5 minutes. Insist, wrapped, 4 hours, strain. Drink 1/2 cup 3 times a day 2 minutes before meals.
• Infusion of motherwort herb, cudweed, wild rosemary, horsetail and buckthorn bark: mix 30 grams of motherwort herb, 30 grams of cudweed herb, 20 grams of wild rosemary herb, 10 grams of horsetail herb and 10 grams of buckthorn bark. Pour 2 tablespoons of this mixture into 1/2 liter of boiling water, boil for 10 minutes, leave for half an hour, strain. Drink 1/3 cup 3 times a day after meals.
• Infusion of lettuce leaves: brew 5 grams of crushed lettuce leaves with 1 cup of boiling water, leave for 2 hours, strain. Take 1/2 cup 2 times a day or 1 cup at night.
• Infusion of different herbs: mix 10 grams of licorice root, 10 grams of woolly panzeria grass, 10 grams of string grass, 10 grams of calendula flowers, 5 grams of rhizome with valerian roots and 5 grams of fragrant dill fruits. Steep 1 tablespoon of this mixture in a glass of boiling water. Infuse for 1 hour in a tightly sealed container, strain. Take 1/3 cup of infusion 2 to 3 times a day for hypertension.

Traditional treatments for hypertension

The success of therapeutic measures is determined by the normalization of blood pressure figures in accordance with age, good health, and the absence of complications from the treatment.

Treatment of hypertension should be comprehensive. When choosing drugs, drugs that reduce pressure are used. This is a large group of drugs with various actions. In addition to them, vasodilators and diuretics are used. medicinal substances. An important role in successful treatment is played by calming (sedative) drugs. Doses and duration of medication are selected only by a doctor, individually for each patient!

When prescribing treatment, doctors pay great attention to indicators of systolic and diastolic pressure. If there is an increase in systolic pressure, then preference is given to a "braking" effect on the heart.

The patient must also observe the regime of rational work and rest, sleep should be sufficient, afternoon rest is desirable. Great importance have physical training physical therapy, walking within reasonable limits, not disrupting the work of the heart. The patient should not experience discomfort, discomfort behind the sternum, shortness of breath, palpitations.

Diet for hypertension

First of all, it is necessary to exclude fatty foods and foods rich in cholesterol from the diet; eat less sweets, as well as fresh bread, replacing it with crackers or rice. All products that delay the development of atherosclerosis are useful: fruits, cottage cheese, dairy products (especially yogurt and whey), egg white, cabbage, peas, boiled beef, etc., as well as foods rich in vitamin C: radishes, green onions, horseradish, black currants, lemons. This diet reduces the level of toxins in the body. Salt intake should not exceed 3 grams, or half a teaspoon per day.

Recent studies have found a link between the presence of calcium and potassium in the body and blood pressure. People who consume large amounts of foods high in potassium have normal blood pressure without even controlling their salt intake. Calcium and potassium contribute to the removal of excess sodium and control the state of the vascular system. Potassium is found in large quantities in vegetables and fruits, calcium - in cottage cheese.

Recommendations regarding the diet include certain restrictions: reducing the intake of table salt (no more than 5 g per day), liquids (no more than 1.5 liters per day), refusal of alcoholic beverages. Patients who are overweight need to reduce the calorie content of food, eat more vegetables and fruits.

Treatment of hypertension

Physical factors in the treatment of hypertension are increasingly used. At the same time, a physiotherapist prescribes soothing, relaxing procedures: electrosleep, electrophoresis of medicinal substances.

Treatment with a low-frequency magnetic field (magnetotherapy) produces a pronounced positive effect due to the ability of this physical factor to lower pressure and relieve pain.

Currently, there are a large number of devices that generate a low-frequency magnetic field. Among them are portable, easy to use, they can be purchased at pharmacies. The area of ​​influence of the magnetic field in GB is the back surface of the neck.

In addition, various therapeutic baths are very useful - coniferous, carbonic, pearl, hydrogen sulfide, as well as therapeutic showers.

Most patients with the initial stages of hypertension with a slight increase in blood pressure can be treated at home, with periodic supervision of therapists in the clinic, following the recommendations for organizing a regimen, diet, and physical training.

Hypertension. Sedation fees for treatment

To lower blood pressure and calm the central nervous system.

Mix 2 parts of motherwort grass, marsh cudweed herb, hawthorn flowers and 1 part of white mistletoe leaf. Brew 1 cup collection 1 liter of boiling water, insist, wrapped, 4 hours, strain. Drink 1 tablespoon (can be up to 0.3 cups) 3 times a day 30 minutes before meals for 3-4 weeks.

Mix by weight: 3 parts garlic cloves, white mistletoe leaf, horsetail grass, hawthorn fruit, hawthorn flowers, 1 part arnica flowers and 4 parts yarrow flowers. Pour 1 tablespoon of the crushed mixture with 1 cup of boiling water, insist, wrapped for 30 minutes, strain. Take 0.25 cup 3-4 times a day 30 minutes before meals.

Take 2 parts of dill seeds and rhizomes with valerian roots and 3 parts of motherwort herb. Mix 1 tablespoon of the mixture with 1 cup of boiling water. Insist 30 minutes. Strain. Take 0.3 cup 3 times a day.

Take 1 part of peppermint leaf, 2 parts of hawthorn fruit; blood-red, shepherd's purse herb and flax seed, 4 parts of cudweed herb and wild strawberry leaf, 8 parts of five-lobed motherwort herb, 2 or 3 tablespoons (depending on the patient's body weight) pour in a thermos 2 cups boiling water. Leave for 6-8 hours. The next day, drink the whole infusion warm in 3 divided doses 20-40 minutes before meals.

Take 25 g of sandy immortelle flowers and a three-leaf watch leaf. Pour this amount of grass with 2 liters of water, boil 1 time and evaporate to 1 liter. Take 3 times a day, 50 ml for 1 month.

Take equally the flowers of common tansy and the root of elecampane high (crushed). Pour 1 teaspoon of the mixture with 2 cups of boiling water, steam for 1.5 hours, strain. Take 0.5 cup 3 times a day 2 hours before meals.

Take 2 g of a leaf of young shoots of white mistletoe (it is recommended to pick berries from mistletoe), 10 g of meadow geranium herb, 5 g of herb chistetsa primal color. The dose is given for 1 brew. Brew a mixture of herbs with 300 ml of boiling water. Wrap well, leave for 30 minutes. Then stir, strain and drink hot. Take the mixture for 6 months.

Take 2 parts of common yarrow herb, 1 part of blood-red hawthorn flowers, field horsetail grass, white mistletoe leaf, small periwinkle leaf. Pour 1 tablespoon of the collection with 1 glass of hot water and leave for 3 hours, then boil for 5 minutes, cool for 15 minutes, strain. Drink 0.3-0.5 cups 3-4 times a day.

Take 2 parts of the grass of the highlander bird and the grass of the graying jaundice, 1 part of the flowers of the calendula officinalis and rhizomes with the roots of the valerian officinalis. Pour 1 tablespoon of the mixture with 1 glass of water, insist, strain. Take 1 tablespoon of infusion 3 times a day.

Take 5 parts of cumin fruit, periwinkle leaf and hawthorn flowers, 3 parts of rue herb and 20 parts of rhizome with valerian roots. 1 tablespoon of the collection insist on 1 glass of cold water for 3 hours, cook for 5 minutes and stand for 15 minutes. Take this dose throughout the day in sips.

Hypertension. Therapeutic baths

With hypertension, garlic baths are useful. To do this, crush 30-40 cloves of garlic, pour 10 liters of boiling water into the gruel and, having closed the dishes, leave to infuse, wrapped, for 6-10 hours. Reheat the resulting infusion, without bringing it to a boil, pour it into a bath or a basin and add plain hot water or hot infusion (1:10) of birch leaves to the desired volume. If you want to take a garlic bath completely, then the ratio of garlic and ordinary water or birch leaf infusion should be 1:10, if you need to steam your legs or arms, then 1:7. You can add infusions of peppermint leaves, lemon balm, St. John's wort, yarrow to the bath, this will significantly enhance the healing properties of the garlic bath.

A good way to treat hypertension are contrast garlic foot baths with sudden changes in water, from hot to very cold. First, dip your feet in a hot garlic bath for 2 minutes, then in a cold one for 30 seconds. Repeat the procedure for 20 minutes. The last bath should be cold. See above for the garlic bath recipe.

Pour 50 g of dry herb cudweed marsh 1 liter of boiling water, leave for 2 hours, strain, dilute the resulting infusion in 10 liters of water heated to 40 ° C. Baths are taken 2 times a week for 10 minutes.

Hypertension. Herbal treatment

Herbs and preparations for the treatment of hypertension

Pour 1 tablespoon of lettuce leaves with 1 cup of boiling water, leave for 1-2 hours. Take 0.5 cup 2 times a day for hypertension.

Pour 20 g of crushed beans into 1 liter of water, boil for 3-4 hours, cool, strain. Drink 0.5 cup 4-5 times a day.

Take a decoction of dried blackcurrant fruits: pour 2 tablespoons of fruits with 1 cup of boiling water, heat over low heat for 10 minutes, leave for 1 hour and strain. Drink 0.25 cup 4 times a day for hypertension.

Pour 4 teaspoons of dried blueberries with 1 glass of water, leave for 8 hours. Drink the infusion during the day with hypertension.

Pour 1 tablespoon of multi-colored clove herb with 1 cup of boiling water. Insist 1 hour, strain. Take 1 tablespoon 3-4 times a day for hypertension.

Pour 10 g of rhizome with valerian roots with 1 cup of boiling water, boil for 30 minutes, leave for 2 hours. Drink 1-2 tablespoons 3-4 times a day after meals for hypertension.

Pour 1 tablespoon of the fruits of mountain ash with 1 cup of boiling water, insist until cool, strain. Drink 0.5 cup 3 times a day for hypertension.

Pour 1 tablespoon of whole red clover inflorescences with 1 cup of boiling water, leave for 30 minutes, strain. Take 0.5 cup 3 times a day for 2-3 weeks for hypertension.

Pour 1 tablespoon of motherwort herb with 1 glass of boiling water, leave for 3 hours. Take 1 tablespoon 3 times a day 1 hour before meals for hypertension.

Pour 1 teaspoon of sweet clover herb with 1 cup of boiled water at room temperature. Insist for 2 hours, strain. Drink 0.3-0.5 cups 2-3 times a day. The infusion not only lowers blood pressure, but also increases the level of leukocytes in the blood.

Grind the berries of the narrow-leaved sucker, pour 0.25 cups of berries with 1 cup of boiling water, leave for 1 hour, drink, mixing with sugar or honey for hypertension.

Take 1 kg of fresh magnolia leaves, finely chop and pour 1 liter of vodka, leave for 21 days in a dark, warm place. Take 1 tablespoon 3 times a day 30 minutes before meals for hypertension. After 1 month, the pressure returns to normal.

Pour 1 tablespoon of rose hips with 3 cups of water, boil 2 times and leave to soar for 3 hours. Drink as tea during the day for hypertension. Do not drink any more liquid. The course of treatment for hypertension is 1.5 months.

Take a tincture of crushed Manchurian aralia root: 5 g of raw materials per 50 ml of vodka or alcohol, leave for 2 weeks in a dark place. Take 30-40 drops 2-3 times a day 30 minutes before meals for hypertension.

Insist in 1 glass of vodka 30 g of bark or barberry root for 21 days in a dark place at room temperature. Drink with hypertension 1 tablespoon every 1 hour for the first three days, and then 3 times a day. The course of treatment for hypertension is 2-3 weeks.

Home remedies for hypertension

Prepare fresh beetroot juice, mix with honey (1:1), take 2-3 tablespoons 3 times a day.

Take 3 drops daily of fresh aloe juice, dissolving them in 1 teaspoon of boiled water. Drink on an empty stomach. After 2 months, the pressure drops to normal.

Drink carrot juice: 1 tablespoon 3 times a day before meals for several months in hypertension.

Mix 1 glass of juice of beets, carrots, horseradish (grated horseradish; pre-infused with water for 36 hours) and 1 lemon, mix with 1 glass of honey and take 1 tablespoon 2-3 times a day 1 hour before meals or 2-3 hours after eating. The course of treatment for hypertension is 2 months.

Mix 1 glass of red currant juice, horseradish (see above), 1 honey and 1 lemon juice and take 1 tablespoon 3 times a day 1 hour before meals or 2-3 hours after meals. Store such mixtures in a well-closing glass container in a cool place. AT initial stages hypertension, these drugs give a good result.

Fresh strawberries and black currants help reduce blood pressure.

Grind cranberries with sugar. Take 1 tablespoon 3 times a day after meals for hypertension.

Boil 2 cups of mashed cranberries with 0.5 cups of sugar and 1 cup of water. Strain. Drink instead of tea for hypertension.

Squeeze juice from ripe hawthorn berries. Take 2 tablespoons 2-3 times a day 30 minutes before meals for hypertension.

Grate 1 lemon or 1 orange with peel, mix with sugar. Take 1 teaspoon 3 times a day for 2-3 weeks with hypertension in the initial stage.

Take for hypertension 14 days in a row on an empty stomach 30 minutes before meals, controlling blood pressure, 1 tablespoon of grated raw potatoes or a solution of 15 g of starch in 0.5 cups of boiled water.

Drink a decoction of potatoes boiled in their skins (1-2 cups daily), and also eat baked potatoes in their skins along with their skins for hypertension.

Drink a decoction or broth from potato husks: thoroughly rinse the potato peels, pour boiling water over it, boil for 10 minutes, insist and drink 2 tablespoons 4 times a day before meals for hypertension. The dosage can be increased.

Take 5 medium-sized onions (without husks), 20 cloves of garlic, 5 lemons (without zest and seeds), 1 kg of granulated sugar. Mix everything thoroughly and pour 2 liters of boiled cooled water. Insist for 2-3 days in a dark place at room temperature. Take the mixture (without filtering) 1 tablespoon 3 times a day 20 minutes before meals for hypertension.

Grind 2-3 small onions, pour 0.5 liters of alcohol or vodka and infuse for 7 days in the dark at room temperature. Take 1 teaspoon of tincture diluted in 3 tablespoons of water on an empty stomach to relieve pressure.

Every morning until complete recovery from hypertension on an empty stomach, eat 1 chopped clove of garlic, drinking it with 0.3 cups of water, in which 1 teaspoon of apple cider vinegar is dissolved.

Peeled garlic cloves finely chopped, spread on cheesecloth thin layer and air dry. Grind dry garlic in a coffee grinder, put in a glass jar and close the lid tightly. Store in a dark, dry, cool place. Take with hypertension 0.5 teaspoon 3 times a day before meals, drinking infusion of peppermint leaves or lemon balm. Garlic powder can be filled into gelatin capsules so that you and those around you are not bothered by the smell of garlic.

Grind 20 garlic cloves, 5 heads into a pulp onion, 5 lemons (without peel and seeds). Mix everything thoroughly with 1 kg of granulated sugar and 2 liters of cold boiled water. Insist in a dark, cool place for 10 days, periodically shaking the contents, let stand. Store in a cold place. Take 3 times a day 15-20 minutes before meals, 1 tablespoon until complete recovery from hypertension.

Crush 4 large heads of garlic in a mortar, insist in a tightly closed container for 30 minutes, then pour 1 glass of vodka into the lower half of the garlic gruel with the highest content of garlic juice, insist in a dark, cool place for 15 days, periodically shaking the contents, let stand. Carefully strain the settled oily liquid. Store in a dark, cool place. Take 20 drops 3 times a day 15 minutes before meals for 3 weeks. Tincture is useful for sclerotic form of hypertension.

Take 1 medium-sized onion, 4-5 cloves of purple-skinned garlic, chop them and pour into a 2-liter enameled pan, add 1 tablespoon of dried red rowan fruits there, pour 5 cups of cold water and cook in a tightly sealed container for 15 minutes , then add 1 tablespoon of dry chopped grass cudweed, dill and parsley (or 2 tablespoons of fresh raw materials), mix and boil for 15 minutes, remove from heat and let it brew for 45 minutes, strain. Store in the refrigerator for up to 5 days. Take 1.5 tablespoons 4 times a day 30 minutes before meals. The course of treatment for hypertension - 10 days, then 2 weeks - a break. And so on until complete recovery. At the same time, it is recommended to massage the back of the head and the collar area.

Take 3 large heads of garlic and 3 lemons (without peel and seeds), chop, pour 1.5 liters of boiling water, close tightly and infuse in a warm, dark place for 1 day, shaking the contents occasionally, then strain. Take for hypertension 1 tablespoon 3 times a day 30 minutes before meals. This infusion is also useful for atherosclerosis, gout.

The following remedy is useful for lowering blood pressure. Take 100 g of golden beans (grown in Central Asia) and garlic cloves (their number should be equal to the age of the person being treated). For people over 50 years of age, the dose is constant - 50 cloves of garlic. Pour the beans and garlic with 0.5 liters of boiling water, insist in a tightly closed container, well wrapped, for 10 minutes. Drink like tea with honey.

For high blood pressure, put 1 tablespoon of cornmeal in a glass, pour hot water to the top and leave overnight. In the morning on an empty stomach, drink only water (do not stir the thick).

To quickly lower blood pressure, moisten a piece of cloth with 5-6% vinegar (apple or regular) and apply it to the feet for 5-10 minutes.

Everyone knows that high blood pressure (hypertension) is the most widespread problem.

The disease today affects every fifth person in the world, and in our country every third.

The danger of hypertension is that for many years it can proceed completely unnoticed by a person, the patient is only bothered by headaches from time to time.

Later, his memory and working capacity deteriorate, and excessive irritability appears. Months later, the symptoms increase, there is weakness in the limbs, there are constant pain in the chest, dizziness, swelling, intelligence can be significantly reduced.

Features of hypertension

Starting as a failure in the regulation of blood pressure, hypertension soon becomes the cause of various pathologies of the internal organs. High blood pressure provokes the development of angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke.

Like other chronic ailments, hypertension can only be corrected if:

1. systematic competent drug therapy;
2. conscious change of habitual way of life.

With an organic combination of these factors, it will be possible to maintain optimal blood pressure indicators, maintain excellent health and performance.

High blood pressure is inextricably linked with a number of conditions that have a serious impact on the state of the cardiovascular system. Approximately 60% of adults can identify some of the risk factors for hypertension, while half of them have more than 1 factor.

It has been proven that it often develops in close relatives. The risk increases several times when more than 3 of them suffer from high blood pressure.

Another risk factor is gender. Men are more predisposed to the disease than women, especially after the age of 35 years.

The number of patients equalizes after 50 years, when menopause begins in women, their body undergoes serious hormonal changes.

Medications for hypertension

If hypertension is unstable, the patient may periodically suffer from sudden changes in blood pressure levels, which are called hypertensive crises. In this state, a person is not long, but it gives powerful symptoms and can cause death. Signs of a crisis include:

• headaches, usually sharp and severe;
• blood pressure above 150/95 mm. rt. Art.;
• loss of orientation in space, accompanied by bouts of nausea, blurred vision;
• severe flushing of the skin of the face;
• pathological panic, an inexplicable feeling of fear.

Any episode requires mandatory medical treatment. It involves the use of several drugs at once, providing the maximum quick help to the victim.

Means against high blood pressure should be taken only for the smooth relief of an attack that is not accompanied by serious complications. The main drugs should be called Nifedipine (dissolve under the tongue, starts working after 5 hours), Captopril (taken at 10 or 50 mg, acts after 5 hours).

Additionally, you should take a diuretic, a beta-blocker, a vasodilator. The most popular diuretic is Furosemide. It is administered intravenously at a dosage of 1 mg per kilogram of the patient's body. The medicine can affect the body in different ways, depending on the individual reaction of the patient. Therefore, sometimes it is justified to increase the dosage to 12 mg / kg of body weight.

Beta-blockers work well for high blood pressure:

1. Atenolol;
2. Esmolol.

Their use is justified in the case of a hypertensive crisis against the background of a reduced heart rate.

Vasodilators include sodium nitroprusside, which stops nitric oxide in the vessels, helping to relax the arteries.

Since there is no cure for hypertension and permanent reduction of high blood pressure, prevention is essential. It can be primary or secondary.

Primary prevention is necessary for healthy people whose blood pressure does not go beyond the norm, secondary - to prevent exacerbations, hypertensive crises. The set of measures proposed below will help not only maintain pressure indicators, but also get rid of excess weight, and significantly improve overall well-being.

It is required to start treatment of high blood pressure with a gradual increase in physical activity. All exercises should be aimed at endurance training:

1. general developmental;
2. exercises on simulators;
3. breathing exercises;
4. walking;
5. swimming.

However, with a strong physical overstrain, an increase in systolic blood pressure may occur, for this reason the best option is to start exercising gradually, for 30 minutes, but every day at the same time.

To quietly get rid of mild to moderate hypertension will help limiting the intake of table salt. The maximum amount of sodium per day is 1 teaspoon (5 g). It should be borne in mind that various semi-finished meat products, sausages, pickles, and smoked meats also provoke high pressure. Naturally, such products should be completely abandoned.

To make changes in taste not so noticeable, salt can be replaced with garlic, herbs. If it is extremely difficult for a hypertensive patient to abruptly give up salt, you can ask your doctor for permission to use a product with a reduced sodium content, the taste of which is practically the same.

To get rid of pressure will help the rejection of food of animal origin:

• sour cream, butter;
• lard, fried meat.

The menu should contain a sufficient amount of vegetables, berries, fruits, low-fat varieties of fish, vegetable oil. Dairy products and meat cannot be completely excluded from the diet, they must be replaced with varieties with a minimum amount of fat. This will help to reduce weight and enrich the diet with the most important element for hypertension - potassium.

Mandatory psychological relief will help reduce high blood pressure in hypertensive patients, since it is stress that is the main cause of an increase in blood pressure. For withdrawal methods emotional stress It is customary to attribute: meditation, auto-training, self-hypnosis. It is necessary to learn in everything and always see only positive points, seek the joys of life, work on character traits, change for the better.

Another condition for successful treatment is the rejection of addictions. Smoking, alcohol and high blood pressure can safely be called a time bomb that will kill a person sooner or later.

When the diagnosis of hypertension is confirmed, in addition to all the above methods of prevention, protection against negative consequences should be added:

1. target organ damage (eyes, heart, brain, kidneys);
2. formidable complications (heart attack, stroke, coronary disease).

If preventive measures have not brought the desired result, how to treat high blood pressure in this case? How to get rid of it once and for all?

High blood pressure, which persists against the background of lifestyle changes, requires the addition of drugs. Otherwise, aggravation of hypertension is not ruled out.

Monotherapy and the use of combined drugs will help cure the disease. Often, only the first degree of hypertension is treated with one remedy in minimal dosages, when health disorders are minor.

Of great importance right choice drug with which therapy begins. It will be necessary to take into account all possible contraindications, the possibility of correcting concomitant disorders, if necessary.

1. maintaining normal fat, carbohydrate metabolism;
2. no effect on the level of electrolytes in tissues, blood;
3. gradual decrease in blood pressure;
4. no effect on the activity of the central nervous system.

Treatment of high blood pressure with one drug is carried out as long as possible, increasing only its dosage. However, sooner or later there is a need to use a drug from another group or a combination of several drugs from different groups.

There may be several variations of treatment, for example, beta-blockers can be supplemented with diuretics, calcium antagonists or ACE inhibitors. In addition, the doctor may recommend ACE inhibitors in combination with diuretics or calcium antagonists.

It may be that such treatment will not be able to cure high blood pressure, therefore, there is an indication for adding a third drug.

A slightly different approach to the treatment of severe or malignant hypertension. The peculiarity is that it is necessary not only to keep blood pressure normal, but also to get rid of the symptoms of target organ damage. This includes a violation of the mechanisms of autoregulation of the brain, heart, blood vessels of the eyes, kidneys.

In patients with severe arterial hypertension a sharp decline blood pressure (approximately 25% of the original and above) carries the threat of a rapid deterioration in well-being, dangerous complications, up to death. Blood pressure should be normalized in stages: initially by no more than 15%, a month later by another 15%.

The second stage of pressure reduction is started only if:

1. regarding well-being;
2. absence of angina pectoris, renal failure;
3. lack of circulatory disorders in the brain.

For extremely high blood pressure, treatment with combinations of three or four antihypertensive drugs is practiced. When the syndrome of malignant hypertension is combined with insufficiency (renal, coronary, cardiac, cerebrovascular), surgical treatment is indicated.

The results of the therapeutic measures taken for problems with pressure and lesions of target organs are considered to be positive if it was possible to achieve:

• a smooth decrease in blood pressure by 25% or more (when compared with the initial indicators);
• complete or partial disappearance of signs of hypertensive encephalopathy;
• improvement overall picture fundus, improvement in the quality of vision (which was confirmed by diagnostics);
• improvement of kidney functions (concentration, nitrogen excretion).

A hypertensive patient, regardless of age and degree of the disease, even under the condition of absolute normalization of blood pressure, must carefully monitor his well-being. He needs to systematically take hypertensive drugs, measure his pressure daily, write down the results in a notebook specially designated for this.

Hypertension predominantly affects women and men over 40 years of age, while many of them do not know how to reduce high blood pressure - it is better to discuss the causes and treatment of the disease with a doctor. Deterioration in this pathology can occur at any time, and delay often entails serious consequences for the body. Therefore, people who suffer from an increase in pressure must definitely know what measures must be taken to reduce performance.

What is high blood pressure

Blood or arterial pressure (BP) is an important indicator of a person's health. It is considered a kind of mirror of the state of blood vessels. circulatory system. This process of squeezing the capillary walls is represented by two numbers: one is the systolic or upper blood pressure, the other is the lower or diastolic. With a heartbeat at the time of the ejection of blood, the measured pressure is called the upper one. The norm is a value in the range from 110 to 120 mmHg. A greater deviation towards increase indicates the development of arterial hypertension.

Diastolic indicators reflect the pressure of blood on the walls of blood vessels when the heart is relaxed. Indicators of 70-80 mm are considered normal. Short-term jumps in the increase in lower blood pressure under adverse weather conditions do not apply to diseases. The optimal blood pressure value is 120/80 mm. Based on this, the difference between the lower and upper values ​​should normally be forty units. An increase in systolic or diastolic rate increases the risk of pathologies. Even if one of the parameters is above the norm, measures must be taken.

What happens with high blood pressure

Blood pressure depends on resistance and on the volume of blood that the heart pushes into the vessels per minute. With an increase in emission in a healthy person, a decrease in tone occurs: the lumen of the vessel expands, as a result, blood pressure remains within the normal range. High rates provoke a greater surge in the minute volume of blood, which is why the body from oxygen starvation all sensitive organs begin to suffer - the kidneys and the brain.

Constantly high blood pressure affects the blood vessels, which begin to thin in places and lose their elasticity. This condition often leads to lengthening of the arteries, which become deformed, tortuous, and may kink. Under the influence of increased blood pressure, the load on the heart increases, lipids form faster, sclerotic plaques form, which often leads to the development of a heart attack and the occurrence of a stroke. In addition, even an increase in the diastolic rate with a normal systolic often causes a heart attack.

How does it manifest

The main danger Hypertension is considered that in most cases a person may not notice that his blood pressure has increased. This can threaten the life of the patient in the event of a stroke or heart attack. Often an increase in heart pressure is accompanied by nausea, severe pain in the heart. In addition, the main symptoms of high blood pressure can be:

• tachycardia ( rapid pulse);
• high fatigue, weakness;
• redness on the face;
• dizziness;
• anxiety;
• black dots before the eyes;
• headache;
• increased sweating;
• dyspnea;
• sleep disorder;
• swelling.

Causes of high blood pressure

The main reasons for the increase in blood pressure indicators are constant worries. Even in a completely healthy person, under stress, an increase in blood pressure can be observed, although it is not dangerous. Hypertension develops in patients who are genetically predisposed to the disease. If the parents suffered from high blood pressure, then in 90% of cases the children will inherit the same disease. Pregnant women are also at risk. Other causes of high blood pressure:

• overweight;
• alcohol consumption;
• endocrine pathologies;
• malnutrition (eating too much fatty foods, salt);
• smoking;
• sedentary lifestyle;
• kidney disease.

Among women

The causes of an increase in blood pressure in women are often associated with both overwork and disorders of the urinary system, which provokes fluid retention in the body. Hypertension occurs in girls of reproductive age due to the use of birth control pills. The disease appears in overly emotional ladies who have against the background strong feelings heart disease occurs. In addition, the reasons for the appearance of increased indicators may be:

• menopause;
• atherosclerotic changes;
• premenstrual period;
• pregnancy (second or third trimester);
• kidney disease (ischemic nephropathy, nephritis);
• excess weight;
• disruption of the endocrine system;
• drug intoxication;
• diabetes;
• drug addiction;
• heart pathology;
• alcoholism.

In men

The reasons for the increase in blood pressure in men are related to their lifestyle and attitude to work. Hypertension is often found in people with strong feeling responsibility, which, even with minor problems, perceive everything as a tragedy. Another reason for high rates in men is malnutrition, including fatty, sweet, salty foods. In addition, the appearance of the disease can contribute to:

• excess weight;
• urolithiasis disease;
• bad habits;
• snore;
• increased levels of adrenaline;
• neglect of physical activity.
• sedentary work;
• hormonal disruptions;
• inflammatory processes in the CNS (central nervous system);
• age over 40 years.

In young age

Recently elevated blood pressure was considered characteristic only for the elderly. Today, adolescents and young people are affected by this disease. Often the causes of high blood pressure at a young age are associated with strong negative emotions and constant nervous strain. For example, extracurricular activities, exams, workload at school can lead to such a state. In addition, the causes of the onset of the disease can be:

• heredity;
• onset of puberty;
• kidney disease;
• insufficient motor activity;
• hormonal changes;
• disruption of the thyroid gland;
• bad habits.

What diseases

Hypertension is caused by various diseases. As a rule, high blood pressure occurs as a result of:

• diseases of the kidneys and adrenal glands;
• hemodynamic diseases;
• CNS lesions;
• diabetes;
• thyroid dysfunction;
• dysfunction of the aortic valve;
• tuberculosis;
• systolic hypertension;
• allergies;
• cardiovascular diseases;
• liver diseases.

What to do with high blood pressure

As a rule, the pressure is elevated at rates greater than 120/80. Even if only one parameter (upper or lower) exceeds the norm, measures must be taken to stabilize blood pressure, otherwise serious consequences may appear. If dizziness, nausea, pain in the heart appear, it is necessary to measure the pressure with a tonometer. If its parameters are increased, you must follow these rules:

• the patient needs to calm down and take a horizontal position;
• head should be put on a high pillow;
• the room where the patient is located must be well ventilated;
• you can not take any pills without the advice of a doctor;
• while at home, you can make a hot foot bath or put a mustard plaster on the back of your head;
• the patient should perform breathing exercises - sit down evenly, relax, take 3 breaths and 4 exhalations in a row;
• massage helps well, for this the patient needs to find a point under the earlobe and carefully draw a vertical line from top to bottom with your finger;
• if the indicators do not decrease, you should immediately call a doctor.

How to treat high blood pressure

Many patients, especially those over 40 years old, are interested in the question of how to treat high blood pressure and whether it is possible to use folk recipes to eliminate the disease. As a rule, specialists individually approach the treatment of hypertension, while the choice of therapeutic methods is influenced by the causes of the onset of the disease, the stage of the disease and comorbidities. Any drugs to lower blood pressure should be prescribed by a doctor after comprehensive survey patient.

The first step in treating high blood pressure is to stop bad habits, avoid stressful situations and special diet. If a person has extra pounds, he should bring the weight back to normal. Reducing salt in the diet, quitting smoking and alcohol, losing weight - all this will help save a person from having to take medication. In addition, the treatment of high blood pressure involves the use of moderate physical activity and the use of traditional medicine.

Medical treatment

A large number of antihypertensive drugs help to easily control high blood pressure. You cannot prescribe medications on your own. Treatment with medicines should be under the supervision of the attending physician. When choosing medicines, the specialist takes into account the age, gender of the patient, the presence of other diseases, the degree of increase in blood pressure. To reduce diastolic and systolic pressure, several groups of drugs are prescribed:

• ACE inhibitors - Captopril, Enalapril, Lisinopril. Indicated for heart failure, renal pathologies. Expand the arteries. These drugs are used once a day.
• Diuretic - Veroshpiron, Furosemide, Hydrochlorothiozide. These funds help to remove salt and water from the body, as a result, the vessels begin to expand, the pressure decreases.
• Calcium antagonists - Amlodipine, Verapamil, Nifedipine. Lead to dilation of the arteries. Assign to the elderly, patients with angina pectoris, arrhythmia.
• Adrenoblockers - Anaprilin, Propanolol, Carvedilol. Drugs reduce the pulse, normalize the work of the heart. You can not drink medicines for diabetes, asthma.
• Angiotensin-2 antagonists - Valsartan, Lozap. The mechanism of action of such drugs is similar to ACE inhibitors. The side effects of these drugs are minimal.
• In a hypertensive crisis, the doctor may prescribe Nifedipine, Nitroprusside, Nitroglycerin, Diazoxide intravenously. The drugs work quickly.

Physical exercises

Treatment of high blood pressure should be carried out comprehensively. Gymnastics for 30 or 60 minutes a day plays an important role in recovery normal operation organism. The training program should be coordinated with the doctor. Useful jogging, walking, cycling, swimming. If you practice every day, at least for 20 minutes, you can lower blood pressure by 10 units. The treatment of hypertension includes several gentle exercises, here are a few of them:

• You need to stand facing the wall, rest your hands on it. Next, you should lean forward and make a movement as when walking, but without taking your socks off the floor.
• You need to sit on a chair, put your hands down, and raise your shoulders. It is necessary to alternately make circular movements with the shoulders - lowering and raising. Repeat this five times.

Folk remedies

Treatment of hypertension at home with the help of traditional medicine can only be used as an addition to the main therapy and after visiting the doctor. There are many different decoctions, infusions, herbal preparations that help to effectively reduce blood pressure. Here are some popular recipes:

1. Peel from five potatoes must be boiled in a liter of water, then strain. The decoction should be taken 5 times a day.
2. For 4 weeks, 3 times a day, you should drink carrot juice (1 tablespoon) before meals.
3. It is necessary to take beetroot juice (100 ml), add a spoonful of honey to it. Take this composition should be daily two tablespoons 3 times a day.

Diet

Treatment for high blood pressure involves certain dietary restrictions. The main thing is to remove from the diet all fried and smoked. The healthiest food is the one that is steamed. The patient can noticeably improve his well-being if he adheres to the following rules:

• limit salt intake (no more than 6 g per day);
• replace animal fats with olive oil;
• reduce the consumption of sugar, confectionery;
• drink up to two liters of water a day;
• reduce fat intake to 75 g per day;
• Include fruits and vegetables that are high in fiber in your diet.

So that the pressure does not increase, it is necessary to give up alcohol and completely exclude the following products from the menu:

• fried eggs;
• sausage, lard;
• soups on fatty broths;
• bread;
• red meat;
• pates, canned food;
• offal;
• pasta;
• salted fish;
• strong tea;
• sauce;
• radish;
• peanut.

With hypertension, apricots, lingonberries, honeysuckle, potatoes, carrots, cranberries are useful. In addition, lemons should always be present in the patient's menu. These citrus fruits contain potassium, which regulates biological fluids, and magnesium, which affects the relaxation of the arteries. List of allowed products:

• lean meat, fish;
• wholemeal bread;
• omelette;
• bananas;
• milk, vegetable soup;
• fruits, berries and juices made from them;
• cereals other than rice;
• nuts;
• dairy products with low fat content.

Treatment of pregnant women

High blood pressure may appear during pregnancy. This often happens in the third trimester. In this case, there is a risk of developing a severe form of toxicosis - eclampsia, which is dangerous for the life of the child and mother. The main goal of treatment is to lower the blood pressure in a pregnant woman and keep it at a level no higher than 105 mm, so that there is no cerebral hemorrhage. If you can not do without medicines, you must choose safe drugs.

The doctor must examine the patient. Only after that, the specialist prescribes the intake of beta-blockers and calcium antagonists. Women in position are forbidden to take diuretics, because. they reduce blood volume. Taking angiotensin receptor blockers can cause the death of a child. ACE inhibitors often result in reduced blood flow to the uterus, causing ischemia.

What causes high blood pressure

People who suffer from hypertension are more prone to atherosclerosis of the vessels than others, so these patients are at high risk of heart attack or stroke. After all, the heart with high blood pressure is forced to work with an increased load. If it does not cope with it, the blood circulation changes in the large and small circles. This is accompanied by hemoptysis, shortness of breath, swelling of the extremities, which causes death. Complications that can occur with hypertension:

• point intracranial hemorrhages in the brain;
• increase in cholesterol levels;
• pressure on the ears;
• blindness;
• degeneration;
• retinopathy.

Can you die from hypertension?

Elevated blood pressure often leads to damage to important human organs - the kidneys, heart, brain. If not start timely treatment hypertension, then pathologies such as a heart attack or stroke may appear. These diseases often lead to lethal outcome. It is dangerous to sharply reduce blood pressure. Before death, a person's memory, diction, and thermoregulation of the body deteriorate, there is a disorder in the work of the housing and communal services, the patient may fall into a coma. Nerve endings do not send impulses, and the patient stops breathing. In acute attacks, be sure to call an ambulance.

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