Nutrition of patients fruit after a heart attack. Diet after myocardial infarction. The results, recommendations and reviews of doctors about therapeutic nutrition after a heart attack

In today's world, full of stress, worries and disturbed ecology, an increasing number of people are faced with diseases of the cardiovascular system. Atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, arterial hypertension and simple narrowing of the coronary vessels of the heart as a result of smoking - this is not the whole list of causes of a heart attack. Risk factors for the development of this acute condition also include: age over 45 years, impaired fat metabolism, lack of physical activity, diabetes mellitus, and a previous small-focal attack. Being one of the main causes of disability in adults and causing a high mortality rate, myocardial infarction requires competent treatment and full rehabilitation.

The main directions of the rehabilitation program after a heart attack are:

• Physical activity;
• Reducing excess weight;
• Continuous monitoring of glucose, blood pressure and blood cholesterol levels;
• Prevention of chronic fatigue and stress conditions;
• Dieting.

Diet after myocardial infarction: a gradual return to a full life

The main purpose of rehabilitation after a heart attack is to restore vital functions, possible activity and reduce the risk of a recurrent attack. That is why the diet after a heart attack and stenting involves the exclusion from the diet of animal fats - cholesterol, which contributes to the growth of plaques in the vessels and the progression of atherosclerosis.

Foods rich in animal fats include: lard, poultry, fatty meat, liver and other offal, butter, sausages, cheese and fatty dairy products. The fight against excess weight and the reduction of calorie content of food are carried out by refusing high-carbohydrate foods, which are transformed as a result of metabolism into fats harmful to the heart and blood vessels.

We are talking about everything, confectionery, white bread, ice cream, sweet fruits, sugary sodas and even vegetables that are high in carbohydrates. In addition, the heart attack diet should limit the amount of salt present in the diet as much as possible. To improve the taste of the food you eat, regular salt can be replaced with low-sodium dietary salt, dill, parsley, or other herbs.

The basis of the post-infarction diet should be the following products:

• Vegetable oil;
• Seaweed, fish and seafood;
• Vegetables high in fiber;
• Whole grain products, black bread from wholemeal flour;
• Nuts, legumes and soy;
• Non-sugar fruits;
• Low-fat dairy and lactic acid products;
• Lean meat and poultry.

Diet after a heart attack for men includes three stages:

• First stage (first week after the attack)- an acute period requiring six meals a day. The diet of this period should include: lean beef, sour-milk products, boiled fish or chicken, crackers, cereals, steamed scrambled eggs, mashed vegetable soups. Taboos should be placed on smoked meats, pastries, chocolate, hard cheeses, coffee and alcohol.
• Second stage (second and third weeks after a heart attack)- the subacute period allows the use of already uncleaned dishes, but not completely salty. Continues, 5 times a day in small portions.
• Third stage (beginning of the fourth week)- a scarring period, during which a low-calorie menu is prescribed with salt and fluid restriction (up to 1 liter per day). To saturate the body with potassium, the menu should contain raisins, dried apricots and prunes, and to replenish iodine reserves, seafood and seaweed should be included in the diet.

Diet after myocardial infarction: tasty and healthy recipes

To diversify the diet menu, the following dishes can be included in the diet of people who have had a heart attack.

carrot salad

Carrots are a storehouse of vitamin A, contain a large amount of antioxidants and are excellent at lowering blood cholesterol levels. That is why carrot dishes must be included in the post-infarction menu. To prepare the salad, grate the carrots, add sea buckthorn or currants, walnuts rubbed with sugar and season with vegetable oil.

homemade yogurt

Kefir mushroom is added to a half-liter jar of warm boiled milk and left for a day in a warm place. After 24 hours, the mushroom is removed from the milk and the thickened fermented milk is placed in the refrigerator. A tablespoon of currants or raspberries mashed with sugar is added to cooked and chilled yogurt.

Beetroot stew with beans

Beets, cut into medium-sized strips, stew in vegetable oil until half cooked, add onions, carrots and boiled beans to it, and bring to readiness. The dish is very tasty, healthy and satisfying.

Such nutrition after a heart attack will help maintain a diseased heart, prevent relapse and restore health.

Video about myocardial infarction

Video about nutrition for heart disease

All patients who have had acute coronary heart disease need a long period of rehabilitation. Proper nutrition after myocardial infarction is one of the components of this complex process. Dosed physical activity and a rational diet will benefit any healthy person. And for patients of a cardiological hospital, these affordable things become vital.

There are several general dietary requirements for cardiac patients. Daily food should contain a minimum of calories and stimulate weight loss in patients. However, at the same time, the dishes should be completely balanced, have a sufficient vitamin and electrolyte component, and contribute to the speedy scarring of the affected areas of the myocardium.

Experts identify three main stages in the therapeutic diet after acute myocardial necrosis. It all depends on the statute of limitations of the pathological process:

After inpatient treatment, dietary restrictions are aimed at reducing the patient's weight and reducing the risk of developing vascular atherosclerosis.

Diet for men

Medical nutrition for cardiac patients is different for men and women. This is due to hormonal factors. Diet after myocardial infarction for men is based on the need to critically reduce the level of cholesterol in the patient's blood.

To do this, nutritionists follow a few simple rules:

• Animal fats and butter are completely excluded from the patient's diet. For cooking, it is recommended to use olive or hemp oil.

• Nutrition for myocardial infarction in the early days should be based on seafood. Of particular benefit during this period can be the use of dishes from mussels, shrimps and sturgeon caviar.

• Vegetables and fruits in the patient's diet will significantly increase the fiber content, which will lead to the normalization of the gastrointestinal tract and reduce the load on the provoked heart muscle.

• Salt during this period is completely prohibited. The first grams of this mineral can be introduced into the patient's diet 3-4 weeks after the onset of the disease.

Menu for women

The hormonal system of a woman is a reliable protection of the coronary vessels of the fair sex from blood clots and atherosclerosis. The hormone estrogen, produced in women throughout the reproductive years, protects patients from the development of necrosis of the heart muscle.

Most often, in the beautiful half of humanity, heart problems begin after 55-60 years. Nutrition after myocardial infarction for women, or rather its features, is aimed at lowering blood sugar levels. It is the increase in glucose that is the main reason for the increase in cardiac pathology in patients.

The process of scarring and stabilization of the condition of women is usually shorter than that of men. The frequency of food intake is also 5-7 times a day, the dishes should be light, tender and not cause fermentation in the intestines. What can you eat after a myocardial infarction for patients in a cardiological hospital?

• To begin with, you can use various fermented milk products, vegetable broths and liquid boiled cereals based on vegetable oil.

Many patients ask: “How to lose weight after myocardial infarction?” With a complete rejection of salt, sugar, fatty and fried foods, the patient's weight will quickly return to the physiological norm, and blood sugar will drop to acceptable numbers.

Dietary restrictions after acute necrosis of the heart muscle

Myocardial infarction is a rather serious disease, therefore, significant dietary restrictions are required from patients during treatment. There is a whole list of products that are prohibited for use in the nutrition of cardiological patients. So, what can not be eaten with a myocardial infarction?

First of all, from the diet of patients it is necessary to remove:

• salo;

• smoked meats;

• spicy and salty dishes;

• up to 4-5 weeks after the onset of the disease, salt is generally prohibited.

• grape;

• legumes;

• coarse fiber of plant origin;

• tomatoes and their derivatives.

Not all vegetables and fruits can be used in the diet after acute necrosis of the heart muscle. Nutritionists recommend avoiding:

• gooseberries;

• blackcurrant;

• radish;

• sorrel.

These gifts of gardens and gardens contain oxalic acid, which can cause recurrence of problems with the coronary vessels and adversely affect the functioning of the heart muscle during this difficult period.

Patient questions about products

There are a number of products that are of concern to a wide range of people for heart problems. It is worth understanding the nuances of using each food separately.

Garlic

First of all, men are interested in whether it is possible to eat garlic after myocardial infarction. The vegetable has been used in folk medicine for many years. Its anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and bactericidal action has helped a large number of patients to stop using chemical drugs. Heart disease is no exception.

Doctors have proven that this product has a beneficial effect on the coronary vessels, reducing the risk of blood clots several times. However, given the severity of the condition of patients after myocardial infarction, it is possible to eat garlic only after 3 weeks from the onset of the disease and only during heat treatment. In this form, it is less irritating to the gastric mucosa and more effectively affects the vessels of the heart.

Honey

Honey in myocardial infarction is the main substitute for sugar. The use of this delicacy stimulates the digestive tract, improves immunity, normalizes the level of vitamins and trace elements in the blood. Honey helps to relieve psycho-emotional arousal, characteristic of patients with heart disease.

Being one of the few natural stimulants of the human body's defenses, honey accelerates regeneration processes and contributes to the early scarring of necrosis areas.

Chicken liver

Is it possible to have chicken liver after myocardial infarction?” The answer of nutritionists will only be positive. This offal is characterized by an extremely high content of iron and other useful trace elements.

Iron helps to increase the level of hemoglobin in the blood, which leads to a decrease in hypoxia in tissues caused by necrosis of the heart muscle. In addition, the presence of selenium in the liver regulates the hormonal component of the patient's body, and the amino acid "Tryptophan" relieves stress from the central nervous system and guarantees peace and good sleep for the patient.

The dietary orientation of the product and sufficient calorie content make chicken liver a valuable product in the nutrition of patients with heart pathology.

Nutrition of patients undergoing stent placement

Quite often in cardiology there are situations when surgical treatment of myocardial infarction is required to save the patient's life. The postoperative period and the time after the operation differs little from the nursing of other patients with necrosis of the heart muscle.

The diet after stenting for myocardial infarction also practically corresponds to the recommendations of nutritionists for other patients in this category. Feeding patients is usually carried out in portions of 100 - 150 grams 6 - 8 times a day. The last meal is allowed no later than 19 hours, so that the process of digestion of food does not affect the work of the sick heart at night.

The calorie content of this diet is also quite low. The maximum number of calories should not exceed 1000 - 1200 per day. Salt is allowed no more than 2 - 3 grams per day, but the percentage of fresh fruits and cereals in food during this period must be sharply increased.

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Recovery stages and their role in nutritional choices

The period after a heart attack is divided into 3 stages, each of which has its own characteristics of the diet. The first (acute) stage lasts from 10 to 14 days. During this period, the patient should drastically reduce the daily calorie content of the menu and exclude dishes and foods containing bad cholesterol and a large amount of fat: butter, pastes, cream, fatty sour cream, eggs. At the same time, the content of vitamins and nutrients should be maximum. This is necessary to restore the normal functioning of the myocardium, regulate the electrolyte and salt balance, improve the transport of oxygen to the tissues (myocardial oxygen demand after an attack increases several times).

The second and third stages require enhanced vitamin "recharge". The patient should receive a sufficient amount of potassium, sodium and other minerals responsible for metabolic processes in myocardial tissues. The daily menu must necessarily include dried fruits (dried apricots, raisins, prunes), vegetable and fruit juices, leafy greens.

Some patients try to compensate for a meager and monotonous diet by taking vitamin and mineral supplements. Such a measure cannot fully support a weakened body, since synthetic vitamins are more difficult to digest and can create an additional burden on the liver. Nutrition for myocardial infarction plays a big role in the recovery process, so the recommendations of specialists cannot be neglected.

Basic Rules

Doctors believe that a properly composed menu after a heart attack is half the success on the road to recovery. To reduce the load on the organs, provide the body with useful substances and improve the functioning of the heart, you need to adhere to a special diet and medical recommendations. The diet for myocardial infarction is based on 6 rules that are mandatory for any of the three periods of the disease.

Rule 1

Eating should be regular. Fasting, dieting, and other restrictions in patients who have had a heart attack can cause a second attack.

Rule 2

The drinking regimen is limited to 1.5-1.8 liters of fluid per day. This measure avoids fluid retention in the subcutaneous fat. Prevention of edema prevents dropsy of the internal organs, including dropsy of the heart. This volume includes all liquid dishes and drinks (soups, jelly, liquid sauces).

Rule 3

The calorie content of the diet should be reduced to the minimum values ​​necessary to ensure physiological processes. A specialist should determine specific numbers, since obese people need a little more calories to maintain the functioning of their organs compared to patients with a normal physique.

Rule 4

The consumption of salt and sugar, as well as any spices, spices and seasonings should be kept to a minimum. These substances increase appetite and negatively affect the functioning of internal organs. Salt and spices contribute to water retention in tissues, sugar can cause a glycemic crisis in diabetic patients.

Rule 5

All food should be at room temperature. The use of food from the refrigerator is not allowed. If the patient wants to drink kefir, it is necessary to take it out for 20-30 minutes so that the temperature of the drink rises. The same applies to hot food. The comfortable temperature of ready-made meals for patients after a heart attack is 28-32 degrees.

Rule 6

Food should be fractional, frequent. The volume of one serving is no more than 180-200 g. This recommendation for nutrition after myocardial infarction is especially relevant for men, since the stronger sex is not used to limiting themselves in the amount of food eaten. The number of meals is at least 6. Cardiologists advise eating at least fruit every 2.5-3 hours. Longer breaks adversely affect the state of the cerebral vessels and the general well-being of the patient.

What foods can you eat?

Vitamins during a heart attack should be constantly supplied to the patient's body, since a deficiency of even one necessary element can lead to disturbances in the work of the myocardium. One of the most important vitamins for the heart is vitamin E. It is a natural antioxidant that improves metabolic processes and slows down the process of aging and cell wear. A lot of vitamin E is found in vegetable oils and nuts. Nuts are a very high-calorie product, but they should not be completely excluded from the diet. 8-10 nuts 2-3 times a week will definitely not hurt.

Of the oils, preference should be given to sesame, pumpkin, almond and olive. When choosing, you need to pay attention to the class of the product (for heart diseases, the oil should be cold-pressed and marked “lux” or “premium”).

It is equally important to ensure an adequate supply of potassium. This is an essential element of the diet after a heart attack, especially for men, as they need almost 2 times more of this mineral compared to women. Potassium is found in dried fruits, leafy greens, and vegetables. Apricots, plums, grapes are also rich in this element, so these fruits must be present on the table during the season.

The menu after a heart attack should also contain other product groups, for example:

• low-fat dairy products (kefir, skim milk, cottage cheese 0.8-1.5%);
• boiled or baked meat (rabbit, beef, turkey, skinless chicken);
• boiled fish (all varieties);
• fruits and vegetables, greens, berries according to the season (potatoes are only "in uniform");
• natural tea of ​​good quality;
• rye flour bread;
• cereals (buckwheat, rice).

In the acute period, experts recommend consuming no more than 1000-1200 calories per day. For women, this figure drops to 900-1000 calories. Such a measure is associated with the need to unload the heart muscle, weakened by an attack. As the patient recovers, the energy value gradually increases due to the addition of dishes with a high content of nutrients.

What foods should be excluded?

A diet after a heart attack, for both men and women, involves the rejection of certain types of foods, since they do not have nutritional value, adversely affect the functioning of the myocardium and internal organs, and can provoke a violation of fat and carbohydrate metabolism. These products include:

• whole milk and full fat dairy products;
• alcoholic drinks;
• confectionery and sugar (with the exception of a small amount of natural marmalade or marshmallows);
• fatty meat (pork, bacon, meat with pieces of fat);
• butter and vegetable oils of unknown origin;
• fish caviar;
• seafood (allowed to use 50-100 g per week in the absence of allergies);
• carbonated products;
• legumes (may cause bloating).

Nutrition after a heart attack is the most important element of the recovery period. The success of other measures aimed at returning the patient to normal life depends on the quality of the consumed products. Failure to comply with the doctor's recommendations can adversely affect the patient's condition and increase the risk of a relapse, so the preparation of the menu must be approached responsibly. Healthy nutrition during this important period is the key to quick rehabilitation and a long (as far as possible) life.

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• mustard, horseradish and other spicy seasonings, smoked meats, strong tea and coffee (excite the nervous system, contribute to spasms of blood vessels), as well as foods rich in cholesterol (offal, egg yolks).

For overweight people, the calorie content of food should not exceed 2250 kcal, and with normal weight - 2750 kcal. Fat patients reduce the amount of consumed bread, flour products, sweets.

• vegetables, berries, fruits (contribute to the normal functioning of the intestines), as well as foods that prevent obesity: cottage cheese, cauliflower, oatmeal, soaked herring, cod;
• marine products (shrimps, crabs, mussels, sea kale, etc.) containing many mineral salts, proteins and vitamins.
  As directed by the doctor, fruit or vegetable fasting days are arranged. The amount of free liquid is limited to 0.8 liters. Of the vitamins, ascorbic acid (rose hips, black currants, strawberries, oranges, lemons, apples) and B vitamins (soybeans, potatoes, cabbage, buckwheat) are especially useful.
• fresh herbs are added to food, and in winter its absence is compensated by a decoction of dried rose hips, black currants, and multivitamins.

Potassium salts (raisins, prunes, dried apricots, apricots, potatoes) have a positive effect on myocardial contractility, dilate blood vessels.

Magnesium salts (nuts, rose hips, soybeans, beans, figs) lower blood pressure, have a calming effect on the nervous system, and lower blood cholesterol levels.

With a diet after a heart attack, the following are allowed:

• tea with milk, with lemon, natural coffee, vegetable, fruit and berry juices, rosehip infusion, bran decoction with honey and lemon juice;
• black bread;
• butter (unsalted, ghee), vegetable (20-25 ml per day);
• borscht, cabbage soup, vegetable, cereal, vegetarian, fruit soups (once a week - in meat or chicken broth);
• lean beef, lamb, pork, poultry and fish (150 g once a day) in pieces, as well as in the form of steam cutlets and meatballs;
• cereals and pasta dishes;
• vegetable side dishes (with the exception of legumes);
• 1 egg per day (use only proteins);
• natural cottage cheese, mild cheese, sour cream, cream, kefir, etc.;
• dairy, sour cream, sweet and sour sauces (on vegetable broth);
• salads, especially leafy and fruit salads, vinaigrettes, boiled fish in vegetarian jelly, home-cooked vegetable caviar, vegetable meat pate, salted black caviar (20 g 1-2 times a week);
• compotes, kissels, creams, jellies, mousses, raw fruits, baked fruits, preserves and jams.

With a diet after a heart attack, the following are excluded:

• strong meat and fish broths;
• fried meat, fish, poultry, especially lard, spicy salty dishes and snacks, canned food, smoked meats, sausages, soft bread, alcoholic beverages.

Diet after a heart attack Sample menu for a heart attack day

1st breakfast. Millet porridge, tea with milk.

2nd breakfast. 1 orange.

Dinner. Vegetable salad, cranberry soup with rice water, cabbage casserole with noodles, bran water with honey and lemon juice.

afternoon tea. Low-fat cottage cheese with sour cream, weak coffee.

Dinner. Cabbage salad, steamed shrimp pudding, boiled rice, fruit juice.

For the night. Kefir.

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Diet after a heart attack

Diet after myocardial infarction improves blood circulation and metabolism

Myocardial infarction is a serious complication of coronary heart disease that requires complex treatment, in which proper nutrition plays an important role. To this end, nutritionists have developed a special therapeutic diet after a heart attack.

Causes, symptoms and eating habits after a heart attack ^

Myocardial infarction develops against the background of blockage by a blood clot (thrombus) of the coronary artery. At the same time, oxygen supply to the tissue area of ​​the heart is disrupted, cell death occurs, and a scar forms at the site of the cardiac “catastrophe”.

Atherosclerosis is considered the main culprit in the occurrence of a heart attack. However, there are other factors that significantly increase the likelihood of the disease:

• Obesity, overweight, hypodynamia.
• Male gender. Women suffer from a heart attack after 50 years already on a par with men.
• Heredity.
• Smoking.
• Elevated blood cholesterol levels lead to the formation of atherosclerotic plaques. It is they who block the vessel.
• Hypertension.
• Diabetes.

The main symptom of a heart attack is severe pain in the center of the chest. Even at rest, the pain is burning, pressing, reminiscent of angina pectoris, but more pronounced. Pain can radiate to different parts of the body.

A heart attack is often accompanied by a lack of oxygen, suffocation, heart rhythm disturbances (interruptions), nausea or vomiting. However, sometimes it happens that the disease is detected only during the passage of echocardiography. Most often, an asymptomatic heart attack, not accompanied by pain, occurs in patients with diabetes mellitus.

Features of therapeutic nutrition for a heart attack

Restoring health after a heart attack is not an easy task; this requires a set of measures, including drug treatment, physiotherapy, giving up bad habits and therapeutic nutrition.

• Diet after a heart attack approved by the Institute of Nutrition (diet number 10). The treatment menu is aimed at improving blood circulation, normalizing metabolic processes, improving the functioning of the cardiovascular system, liver and kidneys.
• The energy value of the diet is reduced due to fats and carbohydrates. Heavy food, foods that excite the nervous system, irritate the gastrointestinal tract, liver and kidneys and cause flatulence are excluded.
• Priority is given to foods rich in lyotropic substances, potassium and magnesium. Food is prepared by dietary methods (stewing, boiling, steaming, baking) and without salt. Fluid is limited to 1.2 liters.
• Dietary nutrition is aimed at eliminating the causes of the disease. To reduce blood cholesterol levels, it is recommended to exclude fatty protein foods from the diet. Restricting salt reduces the risk of hypertension.
• Overweight patients need to lose weight. This will not only reduce the excessive load on weakened heart muscles, but also normalize lipid metabolism.

• Vegetarian first courses
• Lean fish and poultry.
• Inedible pastries and daily bread or crackers.
• Milk products.
• Dishes from pasta (not the highest grade) cereals.
• Baked or boiled vegetables.
• Fruits, berries.

Forbidden foods :

• Sweets, fresh bread.
• Rich broths (from mushrooms, meat, fish).
• Fatty meat, kidneys, smoked meats, sausages.
• Marinades, salted fish and cheese.
• beans.
• Rough fibre.
• Tea (strong), coffee and chocolate.

Myocardial scarring occurs after 3 weeks. During this period, medical nutrition is strictly controlled by a doctor. Food prepared in a dietary way is served without salt, in a pureed form. Portions are small, but meals are recommended up to 8 times a day. The diet consists mainly of liquid cereals, vegetable soups and low-calorie dairy products. Calorie content does not exceed 1000 kcal.

After discharge from the hospital, the diet becomes less strict, but salt, fatty foods, strong coffee and tea, alcohol and confectionery are still prohibited. The daily calorie content of the patient should be about 1400 kcal.

Given the characteristics of the organism, the diet for each patient is compiled by the doctor individually. For example, a diet after a heart attack for women, to a greater extent (than for men) is aimed at lowering blood sugar. Diet after a heart attack for men focuses on lowering cholesterol levels. In both cases, the diet may differ, but it is made up of permitted foods and has the same restrictions.

Diet after a heart attack: sample menu and features ^

Feeding the patient should be frequent and fractional and carried out in 7-8 doses per day.

An approximate menu in the acute period after an attack may be as follows:

• Compote without sugar, from prunes, 1/2 cup of low-calorie kefir.
• Cereal porridge in milk, half a glass of carrot juice + a teaspoon of olive oil, grated apple.
• Chicken breast (50 gr.), rosehip broth.
• Half a glass of carrot juice with olive oil.
• A piece of steam fish (50 gr.) And vegetable broth.
• Half a glass of jelly.
• Grated low-fat cottage cheese and half a glass of blackcurrant juice.
• Half a glass of curdled milk.

Gradually, the diet expands, but food still remains fractional. From 2-4 weeks, the diet may look like this:

• A glass of rosehip decoction.
• Buckwheat porridge, not pureed. Salad of greens, cucumbers and tomatoes, tea with a spoonful of sugar.
• Vegetarian borscht, boiled chicken and rice, freshly squeezed apple juice.
• Cottage cheese with a teaspoon of sugar, pear, compote.
• Vegetable puree, a piece of fish, tea.
• Milk and crackers.
• Cottage cheese with raisins and a teaspoon of sour cream, an apple, tea.
• Kefir and steamed prunes.

As the patient's condition improves, the daily calorie content increases to 2200 kcal. You can switch to four meals a day, making up your menu from allowed foods, gradually including salt.

The diet after an extensive heart attack for the recovery period should contain no more than 10% fat, about 30% protein and 60% complex carbohydrates. Meals are also four times a day, up to 7 gr. salt, before going to bed you can drink fermented baked milk or kefir. It is recommended to drink 3 glasses of water and get the same portion of liquid with food.

Diet after a heart attack and stenting is recommended by the doctor individually. Its purpose is to reduce cholesterol levels and the risk of plaque formation. Therefore, the content of animal fats is reduced to a minimum. Cholesterol levels will have to be monitored especially carefully.

Results, recommendations and reviews of doctors about therapeutic nutrition after a heart attack ^

Strict adherence to the diet will reduce the period of illness and rehabilitation. The results of the diet after a heart attack are quite positive, because thanks to it, the patient will be able to return to his usual way of life in a shorter time. It is especially good if the patient develops the right eating habits.

MAIN OBJECTIVES OF THERAPEUTIC NUTRITION IN MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

The main objectives of clinical nutrition are:

1. Promote recovery processes in the heart muscle.

2. Improve blood circulation and metabolism.

3. Eliminate stress on the cardiovascular and central nervous system.

4. Ensure sparing of the digestive organs and normalization of the motor function of the intestine. Nutrition should correspond to the periods of the disease (acute, subacute, scarring), the patient's motor activity, take into account concomitant diseases and complications.

BASIC PRINCIPLES OF THERAPEUTIC NUTRITION IN MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

In nutrition, the calorie content and volume of food are significantly limited, which then gradually increases. Exclude foods rich in animal fats and cholesterol (fatty meats, internal organs of animals, brains, caviar, egg yolk, animal fats, fatty fish, etc.), foods that cause fermentation in the intestines and flatulence (black bread, cabbage, beans , natural milk, etc.). The diet includes foods such as cottage cheese, pike perch, cod, oatmeal, as well as foods rich in vitamins C and P, potassium salts. Limit table salt and free fluid, taking into account the period of illness, the state of blood circulation and blood pressure.

Nutrition consists of three consecutively assigned diets. The first diet is given in the acute period of myocardial infarction (the first 7-8 days), the second - in the subacute period (2-3 weeks), the third - during the scarring period (starting from the 4th week).

In the first two days of severe myocardial infarction, give 7-8 times 50-75 g of weak semi-sweet tea with lemon, slightly warm and diluted with water juices of fruits and berries, rosehip broth, compote liquid, liquid jelly, cranberry juice, mineral alkaline water without gas.

In the future, easily digestible food is given in small portions 5-6 times a day, thus preventing the rise of the diaphragm, which makes it difficult for the heart to work. Avoid very hot and cold food; to improve the taste of unsalted dishes and appetite, they give tomato juice, use table vinegar, citric acid, sweet and sour fruit juices, etc.

In the first days of illness, if the patient does not want to eat, you do not need to force him. After some improvement, one should not refuse those whose appetite is reduced in a small amount of foods rich in fats and cholesterol (eggs, caviar, cream, etc.). During the recovery period with excess body weight, fasting days are necessary.

CULINARY PROCESSING

All dishes are prepared without salt. Low-fat varieties of meat and fish are given in boiled form, fried and baked dishes are excluded. For the first diet, dishes are prepared in a pureed form, for the second - mostly chopped, for the third - chopped and a piece. Exclude cold (below 15 degrees) food and drinks.

FOOD CALORIES

First diet: 1200-1300 kcal. Proteins 50 g, fats 60–70 g, carbohydrates 170–200 g. Vitamin content: A - 2 mg, B1 - 2 mg, B2 - 2 mg, PP - 15 mg, ascorbic acid - 100 mg. The amount of free liquid 800 g. Table salt 1.5-2 g (in products). The total mass of the diet is 1700. An approximate menu of the diet is given below.

The second diet: calories 1600-1800 kcal. Proteins 60–70 g, fats 60–70 g, carbohydrates 230–250 g. The content of vitamins is the same as in the first diet. The amount of free liquid - 1 l. Table salt 1.5–2 g (in products, in addition, 3 g are given out on hand). The total weight of the diet is 2 kg. A sample diet menu is shown below.

The third diet: calories 2300-2400 kcal. Proteins 90 g, fats 80 g, carbohydrates 300–350 g. The content of vitamins is the same as in the first diet. The amount of free liquid - 1 l. Table salt 1.5–2 g (in products, in addition, 5 g are given out on hand). The total weight of the diet is 2300 g. An approximate menu of the diet is given below.

DIET

The first and second diets - 6 times; the third - 5 times a day in small portions. Food temperature is normal.

Bread and flour products: the first ration - 50 g of crackers from wheat flour of the highest and 1st grade; the second diet - 150 g of wheat bread of yesterday's baking; the third diet is 250 g of yesterday's wheat bread, replacing 50 g of it with rye bread (if tolerated).

Soups: the first diet - 150-200 g, on a vegetable broth with mashed allowed cereals and vegetables, egg flakes; the second or third rations - 250 g with well-boiled cereals and vegetables (borscht, beetroot, grated carrots, etc.), let's say a weak low-fat meat broth.

Meat, poultry, fish: only low-fat species and varieties. The meat is freed from films, tendons, skin (poultry), fat. The first diet - steam cutlets, dumplings, meatballs, souffle and other boiled fish, 50 g each; the second and third rations - boiled meat in pieces, products from cutlet mass.

Dairy products: milk - in dishes and tea. Low-fat kefir and other fermented milk products, drinks. Pureed cottage cheese, soufflé (first ration), as well as puddings with cereals, carrots, fruits (second-third rations). Sour cream - for seasoning soups. Low-fat, unsalted cheese - the second or third rations.

Eggs: the first, second and third diets are protein omelettes, egg flakes for vegetable broths.

Cereals: the first diet - 100-150 g of semolina, mashed buckwheat, oatmeal in milk; the second diet - 150-200 g of liquid, viscous, non-mashed cereals, 100 g of friable buckwheat, semolina casseroles; the third diet - 200 g of cereals, boiled vermicelli with cottage cheese, semolina casseroles with apples, buckwheat-curd pudding.

Snacks: the first and second rations are excluded; the third diet is soaked herring, low-fat ham, boiled aspic meat and fish, ripe tomatoes.

Vegetables: the first diet - 100 g of mashed potatoes, carrots, beets (separate dishes and side dishes), pureed carrot-curd pudding; the second diet is supplemented with cauliflower, grated raw carrots; the third diet - stewed carrots and beets. Mass of dishes - 150 g.

Fruits, sweet dishes, sweets: the first diet - applesauce, jelly, mousses, prunes, dried apricots - soaked, mashed potatoes, 30 g of sugar or honey; the second and third diets are supplemented with raw soft fruits and berries, baked apples, compote, milk jelly, jelly, jam, meringues; up to 50 g sugar, 15 g xylitol instead of sugar.

Sauces and spices: the second and third diets - to improve the taste of unsalted food - sweet and sour fruit juices, tomato juice, citric acid, vanillin, 3% table vinegar, vegetable broth and milk sauces, boiled and lightly fried onions.

Drinks: the first diet - 100–150 g of weak tea with lemon, milk, coffee drinks with milk, rosehip broth, prunes infusion, carrot, beetroot, fruit juices; the second and third rations - the same for 150–200 g.

Fats: butter and refined vegetable oils - in dishes; on the third diet 10 g of butter per hand.

EXCLUDED FOOD AND DISHES

From the diet of patients with myocardial infarction is excluded:

fresh bread, pastries, baked goods, fatty types and varieties of meat, poultry, fish, liver, brains and other meat by-products, sausages, canned food, caviar, whole milk and cream, egg yolks, millet, pearl barley, barley groats, legumes, white cabbage, cucumbers, radishes, onions, garlic, spices, animal and cooking oils, chocolate and other confectionery products, natural coffee, cocoa, grape juice.

EXAMPLE ONE-DAY MENUS FOR MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

FIRST RATION

I. On an empty stomach: infusion of prunes.

First breakfast: buckwheat porridge mashed with milk, cottage cheese mashed with sugar (sugar from the daily allowance), barley coffee with milk (sugar from the daily allowance).

Second breakfast: applesauce (or any fruit) with sugar (sugar from the daily allowance), rosehip broth.

Lunch: broth with egg flakes, boiled chicken, blackcurrant jelly.

Snack: mashed cottage cheese with sugar (daily sugar), grated carrots with sugar, …

A heart attack is a clinical manifestation of coronary heart disease. It is characterized by the death of a certain area of ​​the myocardium due to the insufficiency of its blood supply due to blockage of the artery.

The most common causes of a heart attack include:

• Atherosclerosis
• Surgical ligation of the artery during angioplasty
• thrombosis of the coronary artery
• Spasms in the coronary arteries
• Hypertension

Causing factors that can lead to a heart attack include:

The main cause leading to the disease is atherosclerosis. Due to fatty deposits on the walls of blood vessels, atherosclerotic plaques are formed, which under certain conditions can rupture.

In this case, a blood clot is formed - a thrombus, which can block the artery. The stopped blood flow provokes the occurrence of necrosis of myocardial cells, in other words, myocardial infarction.

Atherosclerotic plaque damage can also occur with high blood pressure. A heart attack can happen without a good reason - in the early morning hours or in a dream. It should be noted that men have a heart attack more often than women. Patients who have already had a heart attack earlier have an increased risk.

Atherosclerosis in all its manifestations is the most dangerous for the development of myocardial infarction.

The main symptom of a heart attack is very severe retrosternal pain, which can last from 15 minutes to an hour, and does not stop even at complete rest, or it can stop after a few hours or after taking strong painkillers.

Patients describe the pain as squeezing, burning, pressing, resembling the pain of angina pectoris. but more pronounced, arising in addition to physical activity.

Signs of a heart attack can appear both in a typical form and atypical, significantly complicating diagnosis.

Unusual symptoms of myocardial infarction are described in the program Living Healthy with Elena Malysheva.

You should know that pain during a heart attack can also be atypical, for example, pain in the arm, lower jaw, etc.

There is a course of the disease without pain, mainly in diabetics. Many patients present with signs of heart failure characterized by shortness of breath, sweating, and a nonproductive cough. Some patients experience arrhythmias. There is also the only manifestation of a heart attack - cardiac arrest.

For a favorable prognosis of a heart attack, it is very important to correctly identify the symptoms.

A person who has had a heart attack. immediate assistance must be provided, as every minute works to save his life. First of all, you need to call a team of cardiac care.

If the patient loses consciousness and there is no rhythmic breathing, it is necessary to perform resuscitation measures (artificial respiration).

The patient needs to be reassured and not to panic himself, to act quickly and smoothly. Do not give in to the request of the victim to refuse to call emergency help.

If there is no possibility of a quick arrival of an ambulance, the patient must be taken to the hospital by car. Upon the arrival of the emergency team, the doctor must report on the measures taken.

First aid for a heart attack is an important step in saving the life of a patient.

In the treatment of a patient with a heart attack, an important role is played by therapeutic nutrition, which depends on the period of the disease - severe, subacute and recovery.

The diet for myocardial infarction has 3 diets that differ not only in nutritional value, but also in volume. In the early days of the disease, characterized by severe pain, nausea. general weakness, the need for food is absent.

The patient is given to drink weak sweet tea, a quarter cup at a time, up to 8 times a day. Tea can be replaced with juices - orange, blackcurrant or rosehip broth. Drinks must be warm.

Sample diet:

• White crackers - 60 g (per day)
• Sugar - 30 g per day
• On an empty stomach give 100 g of fruit juice or prunes infusion to drink
• At 8 am: milk porridge with cereal (30 g), grated apple, tea ½ cup
• At 11 am: cutlet or boiled chicken (50 g), fruit juice or rosehip broth (0.5 cup)
• At 2 pm: vegetable broth (1/2 plate), meat or fish meatballs with mashed potatoes
• At 5 pm: 100 g applesauce
• At 7 pm: 50 g of cottage cheese and 0.5 cups of kefir
• At 21:00: 50 g prune puree

The length of the diet of the first diet is up to 4 weeks, depending on the patient's tolerance for dietary restrictions.

Ration 2, prescribed in the subacute period, is somewhat expanded. The total weight of products is already 2 kg, carbohydrates - 200 g, liquids - 800 ml, proteins - 80 g, fats - 50 g, which is 1600 cal. Salt is allowed 3 g. Meals - 5, the temperature of the dishes is normal.

The third diet recommended to the patient during the period when he is allowed to get out of bed is 2000 cal. This includes up to 300 g of carbohydrates, liquids can be consumed up to a liter, fats - 50 g, protein foods - 90 g. The total weight of the diet is 2.5 kg, salt is allowed up to 5 g. Meals - 5, food temperature - normal.

After discharge from the hospital, a patient who has had a myocardial infarction is prescribed a 10 s diet, indicated for atherosclerosis. Its purpose is to prevent the development of atherosclerosis. The diet is based on reducing calories, limiting the use of foods high in cholesterol.

There are 2 options for this diet: for overweight patients and for patients with normal weight. Food is cooked boiled. The first version of the diet contains 90 g of proteins, the second - 100 g. Accordingly: fats - 60 g and 70 g, carbohydrates - 250 g and 400 g. Calories: 2200 and 2700. Total weight is from 2 to 2.5 kg, liquids - up to a litre. The frequency of meals is 5-6 times.

Patients who have had a myocardial infarction are allowed to:

• Bread - gray, crackers, dry cookies.
• Soups: on cereals, vegetables, dairy, 1 time per week - low-fat meat (1/2 portion).
• Meat and fish dishes: boiled, lean, 1 time per week - soaked herring, seafood is recommended.
• Protein omelet is allowed.
• From vegetable dishes, salads and vinaigrettes are allowed, and you can also use potatoes, various types of cabbage, tomatoes, cucumbers, zucchini, legumes, pumpkin, greens. Sorrel, spinach, mushrooms are prohibited.
• Fruits and berries can be any.
• Cereals, flour and pasta dishes: all sorts, limited with excess weight.
• Dairy products: low-fat any products.
• Fats are predominantly vegetable.
• Sweets are prohibited or limited.

The goal of dietary nutrition after a heart attack is to prevent the development of atherosclerosis.

Prevention of myocardial infarction

To reduce the risk of a heart attack, therapy is practiced against the formation of blood clots. For this purpose, patients may be prescribed aspirin. Patients who have already had a heart attack in the past are prescribed beta-blockers. The condition improves in people who have had a heart attack after taking large doses of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids.

In the prophylactic period, which can last quite a long time, it is important to control and maintain normal blood pressure and fight arrhythmia.

As an addition to treatment, herbal decoctions can be used. which should not be used as a substitute for drug therapy. A healthy lifestyle, physical activity and proper nutrition are important.

If a heart attack occurs, correct diagnosis, timely first aid and treatment with a diet are of great importance. Prevention of the disease is to reduce the risk of a heart attack.

The human heart is a truly amazing organ that, despite its small size, is able to support the vital activity of the whole organism. It is not surprising that sooner or later he begins to "jump", like a motor in an old favorite car. But sometimes the heart does not withstand stress, nervous or physical, and then it is struck by a very serious illness - myocardial infarction. It forces you to completely reconsider your lifestyle, including nutrition. After all, it directly depends on the diet whether the heart can recover. Let's find out what the diet after a heart attack is.

Hard requirements of a heart attack: no food jokes

In the old days, the disease that we call a heart attack was called a "heart rupture." Probably, it is these words that to a large extent convey the seriousness of the situation. After all, in fact, we are talking about the death of a part of the heart, to which the life-giving flow of blood ceases to flow.

Even after a relatively mild heart attack, the patient must undergo rehabilitation and learn to live by the new rules. A person gradually increases the load on the body, and hence on the heart. Otherwise, the risk of a recurrence of a heart attack increases.

With this in mind, a daily diet is also compiled. First of all, doctors will recommend reducing each serving. To do this, you can simply use smaller diameter plates. Indeed, on large dishes, even large amounts of food seem more modest.

A diet for myocardial infarction is necessary in order to maintain weight in shape, as well as to reduce the level of fat and salt that enter the body with food. It is with these goals in mind that it is necessary to plan your own daily diet.

What is dangerous after a heart attack overweight? It puts more stress on the heart, as it has to pump much more blood to keep the fatty tissue nourished. In addition, excess weight is also fraught with related problems such as increased blood pressure and the occurrence of diabetes. The latter, however, leads to a deterioration in the properties of hemoglobin, which means that this protein does not perform its function as efficiently as oxygen transfer. And this again hits the heart - the muscle begins to experience oxygen starvation.

It should only be borne in mind that vegetables and fruits should be eaten both raw and boiled, or steamed. But you can not eat fried vegetable dishes, as well as canned fruits.

Wholemeal cereals and breads contain a lot of fiber. It is valuable for patients who have survived a heart attack, as it is not absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract, helping to slow down the absorption of fats. Also, fiber creates a feeling of fullness, deceiving the feeling of hunger.

It is not necessary after a heart attack to be zealous with the intake of protein foods. It requires more energy to digest. To meet the needs of the body, only about 400 g of cottage cheese, fish or lean meat per day is enough.

Instead of the usual tea and coffee, you can drink rosehip broth and cranberry juice, which will support the heart

Some dishes will have to be abandoned. A diet for a heart attack excludes the use of any canned food and sausages. The fact is that they contain an excess of salt, preservatives, fats and spices. And all this harms the metabolism, hitting the heart muscle.

Also, doctors recommend avoiding foods rich in cholesterol. It can be found in all offal, so you have to forget about dishes that are prepared from brains, kidneys, liver, tongue and heart. You also need to remember a whole list of products that contain this substance in large quantities:

• salmon and sturgeon caviar;
• egg yolk;
• butter;
• seafood;
• fatty meats;
• lard.

Instead, you can eat egg white and vegetable oils, low-fat dairy products, and lean chicken, turkey, and fish. And of course, there is no cholesterol in berries, vegetables and fruits.

Another important limitation concerns salt. If it is eaten in large quantities, then complications arise, for example, blood pressure rises. In addition, salt negatively affects the effectiveness of medication. It retains water in the body, increasing the load on the heart.

After an illness, it is worth abandoning hot spices, mustard and horseradish

Therefore, a diet for a heart attack involves the rejection of pickles, salted nuts, fish and chips. And in general, the salt shaker should be removed from the table so that there is no temptation to salt the dish.

In the diet of the core, those foods that have an exciting effect are completely superfluous. So you have to give up coffee and strong tea, cocoa and chocolate.

It is important not only to make a menu for a diet for a heart attack, but also to eat according to some rules. So, the portions should be reduced. That is, it is better to switch to fractional nutrition: eat five or six times a day, but little by little. In this case, the last meal before bedtime should be no later than three hours before bedtime.

Recommendations regarding the nutrition of the patient depend on how much time has passed since the infarction. So, in the first week it is better to eat six times a day. For example, you can offer the patient a grated vegetable soup, lean meat, or a steamed omelette. All food should be unsalted.

In the second and third weeks after a heart attack, it is allowed to eat non-grated meals. But salt is still excluded.

From the fourth week, the scarring process begins. Diet restrictions after a heart attack for a man at this time are no longer so strict. You can eat different dishes by adding a little salt. But its amount should not exceed 3-5 grams per day. Also, doctors will not allow you to drink more than one liter of fluid per day.

We add that such valuable products as dried apricots, prunes and raisins contribute to a speedy recovery. They help to normalize the work of the heart.

In the first days after a heart attack, carrot juice will be useful, to which vegetable oil is added at the rate of 1 teaspoon of oil per half a glass of juice

When developing a diet after a heart attack and stenting, it is worth remembering the variety on the menu. After all, all useful substances must enter the patient's body. And the love and care of loved ones also contributes to recovery. So not only cook nutritious meals for your loved one who survived a heart attack, but also take care of him, creating an atmosphere of calm.

The diet after myocardial infarction for men is aimed at ensuring that a man quickly recovers from this disease. In addition, it is necessary to lead the right way of life: give up cigarettes, alcoholic beverages.

Blood pressure and cholesterol should be carefully monitored. These measures prevent the recurrence of the disease. Do not forget that a heart attack often leads to the death of the patient. A balanced menu and diet after myocardial infarction for men activates metabolic processes, enhances the effect of drug therapy. Men should give preference to foods containing low amounts of cholesterol and do fasting days.

According to cardiologists, a man who has suffered a heart attack and stenting in the past should follow important rules when compiling a daily menu.

The diet must be present in large quantities of vegetables and fruits. Fats in heart disease are harmful to the body, so the use of butter, sour cream is prohibited.

Food should be cooked in olive or sunflower oil. The amount of protein also needs to be limited. You can eat no more than 200 grams of low-fat cottage cheese or a small portion of a meat dish.

The daily menu should include dishes according to recipes containing polyunsaturated acids. Good for eating chicken and seafood. Thanks to polyunsaturated acids, the vascular walls are strengthened.

Salt immediately after a heart attack is not recommended, especially for men with high weight and obesity. In the future, its quantity is limited. It increases blood pressure, worsens the work of the heart, so the likelihood of a recurrence of a heart attack increases.

Canned foods, sausage, salted and smoked foods should be excluded from the diet. The use of coffee, strong tea, carbonated drinks, pastries and sweets is also not welcome. These are prohibited foods at any stage: acute, subacute, scarring.

Experts advise people suffering from heart disease to be careful about eating foods high in cholesterol. Therefore, you should give up offal and stick to a diet.

The use of salmon caviar is not recommended. Rabbit meat, turkey, sea fish, egg white contain a small amount of cholesterol. We must not forget about fruits rich in trace elements such as potassium and magnesium. They are very useful in heart diseases. Many of these trace elements contain bananas, raisins and dried apricots. A good effect in heart disease gives the use of zucchini, beets, potatoes. Food on the table should be cooked in a double boiler or stewed, then the diet after myocardial infarction for men will be effective.

Not everyone knows what to eat with a heart attack, but the diet is aimed at lowering the level of lipids in the blood. Useful freshly squeezed fruit juices, fresh fruit. It is necessary to include parsley, almonds, sunflower seeds in your menu. The amount of liquid must be strictly controlled.

It is recommended to drink no more than two liters of liquid. Meals should be frequent: at least six meals a day are recommended. What can you eat with a heart attack? With this ailment, maintaining a proper diet is especially necessary. It promotes faster scarring of myocardial muscles, this process can last three weeks.

At this time, a man needs to eat low-fat soups, vegetable dishes and decoctions.

Nutritionists advise drinking carrot juice, you need to add a spoonful of vegetable oil to it. It is recommended to refuse fatty foods. For the representatives of the stronger sex, suffering from excess weight and diabetes, the use of these products is especially detrimental.

Do not forget that being overweight can lead to hypertension. It contributes to the development of atherosclerosis.

With a heart attack, you need to abandon flour products, sweet dishes. When these simple rules are followed, a man can easily get rid of extra pounds, cholesterol levels will decrease. It is useful to eat dietary cereals, honey. Grapes, smoked meats, fried foods, mushrooms, tomato ketchup should be completely abandoned.

If a man has undergone surgery during which a stent was placed, he needs to eat small meals six times a day. The use of alcohol, chocolate products is contraindicated. Daily calorie content should be no more than 1100 calories per day. Useful fruit dishes, foods containing cereals. The amount of salt in cooking should be limited (no more than 5 g per day). If the representative of the stronger sex follows these recommendations, he will be able to quickly recover from myocardial infarction.

After a man is discharged from the clinic, he must still follow the diet, but the nutritional requirements are no longer so strict.

If a man has experienced a massive heart attack, carbohydrates and protein should predominate in his daily diet. Curd dishes should be prepared, sour cream and raisins can be added to them. A decoction of rose hips is endowed with a wide tonic effect. Dried fruit compotes, vegetable salads are useful.

Soups should be prepared from low-fat varieties of fish, liquid chicken broth is also useful. Rice should be used as a side dish. You can treat yourself to a vegetarian borsch, there are a lot of recipes for this dish. Daily calorie content increases to 2200 calories per day. The number of meals is reduced to three. At night it is recommended to drink 200 ml of kefir.

The patient must drink plain non-carbonated water (at least 0.6 liters). You can strengthen blood vessels after a heart attack with the help of seafood. They contain many useful substances and have a beneficial effect on the functioning of the heart, improve the condition of the body as a whole.

If a man suffers from hypertension, he needs to carefully monitor the amount of fluid consumed. It should not be forgotten that eating after a heart attack should be varied, the diet should be carefully thought out.

While the patient was in the cardiology department, his diet was controlled by the attending physician. After a man is discharged from the hospital, he must comply with all the instructions of a specialist. Late dinner is not recommended, dinner should be no later than two hours before bedtime. If it is difficult for the patient to go to bed on an empty stomach, you can drink 200 ml of yogurt. You should eat no more than three eggs per week.

Nutrition after a heart attack allows the use of bread. You should choose bread from premium flour, it should be well dried. You can also eat crackers.

Soups should be eaten in small portions of 150-200 ml. You need to cook them in this way: a small amount of cereals or vegetables is poured into a decoction of vegetables. You can add egg flakes to the soup. Meat used for cooking should be free of tendons and fascia. Chicken meat is allowed to be used, but first you need to remove the skin from it. Cutlets and meatballs are made from minced meat.

The use of milk is recommended, it must be added to tea or dishes. Cottage cheese should be well rubbed and cooked from it curd paste. Eggs can be used to make an omelette. Vegetables are allowed to be consumed in the form of puddings. An excellent dietary porridge is obtained from oatmeal, a little milk can be poured into it, buckwheat porridge must be carefully ground. It is useful to eat semolina.

The use of various snacks is prohibited. Sugar should be consumed no more than 30 grams per day. You can replace it with honey. Tea should not be brewed strongly. In tea, you can add a slice of lemon, a small amount of milk.

Fruit juices, medicinal decoctions have a good effect on the state of the cardiovascular system. They are also recommended to be taken by men and women as a prevention of coronary diseases. The recommended dosage of these drinks does not exceed 150 ml per day. The amount of liquid is 700-800 ml.

What else can you eat after a myocardial infarction?

The daily menu should include yogurt, a decoction made from prunes, milk porridge with an apple. From drinks are allowed: kissels, tea with the addition of milk. It is useful to eat stewed fish, cottage cheese of low fat content, vegetable broths, mashed potatoes with prunes.

In the second diet, no more than 1800 calories should be consumed per day. The total weight of dishes should not exceed two kilograms. The diet should contain fats in the amount of 60 grams, proteins - at least 70 grams, carbohydrates in the amount of 25 grams. Liquids should be drunk no more than one liter per day. The amount of salt is limited to three grams per day.

In the third diet, the recommended weight of food consumed should not exceed 2.3 kg. This type of diet is dominated by carbohydrates and proteins. The volume of liquid does not exceed 1.1 liters. Fresh bread is not recommended. During the scarring period, wheat flour bread can be eaten in an amount of no more than 250 g per day. Rye bread can be eaten only in the first diet, no more than 50 grams per day.

In the second and third diet, you can cook vegetable soups, soups with the addition of cereals. It is allowed to include in the diet after a heart attack a weak meat broth with a low fat content. It is allowed to use sour cream, low-fat cheese, vanillin, lemon juice. The use of snacks in the second diet is prohibited. Porridge should be liquid or viscous. They need to be rubbed thoroughly. In the third diet, snacks can be included in the menu. Useful cereals, cottage cheese and buckwheat puddings, apple casserole, fruit jelly, carrot puree. It is allowed to use low-fat herring, ham, ripe tomatoes, apple pancakes.

After suffering a myocardial infarction, the diet, first of all, should be sparing.

The doctors have done everything in their power to get you back on your feet, and now your task is to make every effort to successfully overcome the rehabilitation period. If you continue to harm your body by stuffing it with unnecessary fats and cholesterol from unhealthy foods, recovery will slow down.

A myocardial infarction is a disease in which, due to blockage of the coronary artery, the full blood supply to a section of the heart muscle - or, scientifically, the myocardium - suddenly and abruptly stops. This leads to a pronounced lack of both oxygen and many nutrients in it. As a result, myocardial cells die. The damaged section of the heart muscle can no longer take part in heart contractions, so the heart is not able to provide the necessary blood flow in the body. All organs and tissues begin to experience oxygen starvation, and this immediately leads to a violation of their function.

Most often, myocardial infarction occurs in people with atherosclerotic lesions of the coronary arteries. In this process, cholesterol is deposited in the form of peculiar plaques on the walls of the vessels supplying the myocardium with blood. These plaques are mechanically unstable and may rupture; at the same time, their contents enter the lumen of the vessel and cause its blockage. In place of dead myocardial cells, a scar is formed, which is not able to contract like the rest of the muscle. As a result, the remaining cells are forced to take on the load in order to maintain the blood supply to the internal organs at the required level.

However, vessels affected by atherosclerosis cannot always pass through themselves a sufficient amount of blood, and with it oxygen and nutrients to the myocardium. As a result, retrosternal pain develops. This is a manifestation of oxygen starvation or, in scientific terms, ischemia. It is important to note that in this situation, the risk of a second heart attack and even sudden death increases.

Lifestyle changes after a myocardial infarction can reduce the likelihood of such complications. That is why doctors strongly advise all patients after a heart attack to follow a diet and follow the recommendations. The correct way of life after a heart attack, in particular, includes a strict organization of nutrition, otherwise the effect of other methods of treatment - taking drugs or spa treatment - will never be sufficient.

The importance of proper nutrition after a heart attack can not be said: it is obvious. Healthy eating is also shown to all people who care about the health of their hearts. It is important to emphasize that the recommended diet for heart patients after a heart attack is also the key to successful prevention of coronary heart disease.

Features of the diet after myocardial infarction are due to three periods of the disease. These include: acute period (up to 2 weeks), scarring period (from 2nd to 8th week) and rehabilitation period (after 8 weeks). The therapeutic nutrition menu after a heart attack for such patients throughout all three periods is aimed at restoring processes in the myocardium and improving heart function. Diet therapy is aimed at correcting disturbed metabolic processes and preventing atherosclerosis.

What diet is prescribed after a heart attack for a successful recovery? First of all, the energy value of food should be reduced with its gradual increase, animal fats, table salt, liquid, cholesterol, nitrogenous substances are limited. The diet menu after myocardial infarction is enriched with ascorbic acid, lipotropic substances, potassium salts. Excluded from the diet are foods that contribute to bloating (grapes, fruits with coarse fiber, milk). It is important to prevent weight gain and dysfunction of the digestive system.

Nutrition after myocardial infarction must be regular. The diet should include vegetables, wholemeal bread products, beans, nuts, durum wheat pasta, brown rice, lean boiled meat, seafood, fruits.

“An apple a day keeps a doctor away” (“One apple a day - and you won’t need a doctor”), says an English proverb. It really is. Apples contain a large amount of pectin, which is very good for the heart. What is the best diet after a heart attack? During this period, the body especially needs fruits, which include substances that have a beneficial effect on the activity of the heart muscle. These are apricots, prunes, dried apricots, figs, rose hips, black and red currants. It is important to remember that malnutrition after a heart attack can provoke a relapse of the disease. For dressing salads and other food, it is recommended to use only vegetable oil.

The basic rules of the diet, which is prescribed after a heart attack, can be formulated as follows:

• It is necessary to increase the number of meals to 6-7, but reduce the volume of servings.
• Reduce your total calorie intake. If a person overeats, it will only lead to insomnia.
• Reduce intake of animal fats and cholesterol in food.
• Exclude hot and cold dishes, be sure to heat food to medium temperature.
• Eliminate salt from the diet.
• Remove bloating or gas in the stomach by eliminating carbonated drinks, sugary juices and bread from the diet.
• Reduce the daily amount of fluid consumed to 1.5 liters, including soups and jelly in this amount.
• Be sure to include foods containing potassium and magnesium in the menu: prunes, baked potatoes, nuts, beets, potatoes, buckwheat, citrus fruits, seaweed, watermelons.
• Limit sugar intake.

To reduce the load on the cardiovascular system, doctors advise fractional meals, 1-2 more meals. The recommended diet after a heart attack is 5-6 times a day, and the last meal is allowed no later than 3 hours before bedtime. In addition, foods that have a stimulating effect (strong tea, coffee, cocoa, chocolate and spices) are excluded from the diet.

Nutrition after a heart attack makes it possible to avoid disorders of fat metabolism or at least reduce them. Therefore, in this case, the diet is the primary prevention of recurrent myocardial infarction. Back in 1987, a group of experts in the study of atherosclerosis formulated the "7 golden principles" of the menu after myocardial infarction, the observance of which will help eliminate fat metabolism disorders:

• reduce the consumption of fats;
• sharply reduce the consumption of foods containing saturated fatty acids (animal fats, butter, cream, eggs), as they increase blood cholesterol levels;
• increase the intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids, which are found in certain foods (liquid vegetable oils, fish, poultry, seafood) and reduce blood lipid levels;
• increase the intake of fiber and complex carbohydrates (vegetables and fruits);
• when cooking, completely replace butter and saturated fats with vegetable oil;
• sharply reduce the consumption of foods rich in cholesterol;
• limit the amount of salt in food to 5 g per day.

The chemical composition of this diet is characterized by the content of proteins - 80-90 g (of which 60% are animals), fats - 70 g (of which vegetable - 20%), carbohydrates - 350-400 g (of which 30 g are simple carbohydrates), energy value - 2300 kcal. The amount of fluid consumed by the patient during the day is 1.2 liters, including soup, compote, jelly, etc.

Of great importance in diet therapy is the vitamin composition of food products. The content of vitamins A, C, D in them is especially important. It is these vitamins that affect the metabolic processes in the myocardium. With myocardial infarction, their consumption increases.

What foods can you eat after a heart attack to increase your intake of water-soluble vitamins? This is achieved by including fresh vegetables and fruits in the diet, the predominant use of some cereal products (buckwheat, oatmeal) and some meat products (veal). Increased fortification with fat-soluble vitamins is carried out by including the optimal amount of vegetable fat in the diet.

In violation of myocardial metabolism, changes in the electrolyte composition of the intracellular and extracellular fluid are of particular importance. Given this fact, the most significant for the myocardium are the redistribution and deficiency of potassium. Therefore, the menu after a heart attack aimed at improving the nutrition of the myocardium contains an increased amount of potassium compared to the usual diet. This is achieved by including fruits and vegetables, decoctions and infusions from them in the diet.

Another important component for effective myocardial contraction is calcium. The introduction of a sufficient amount of dairy products after myocardial infarction, containing a relatively high content of this microelement, usually allows optimal supply of calcium to the myocardium. The deficiency of some trace elements necessary for the normal metabolism of the heart muscle - for example, manganese and magnesium - possible with myocardial infarction, is fully compensated by the use of a variety of products, both plant and animal origin.

What foods can be eaten after a myocardial infarction, and which are recommended to be excluded?

1. Fats

It is recommended to limit the intake of all fats containing polyunsaturated fatty acids in large quantities: limit the intake of butter, and exclude margarine altogether. Useful products for the heart after a heart attack are olive, sunflower, corn oils.

The intake of bacon, ham, minced lean beef, liver and kidneys is limited.

The list of foods that can not be eaten after a heart attack includes: meat with visible fat, lamb brisket and ribs, pork (meat from the abdomen), bacon with layers of fat, sausages, sausages, salami, pates, scrambled eggs with meat, duck, goose , poultry skin.

3. Dairy products

From dairy products after a heart attack are recommended: skimmed milk, low-fat cheeses (for example, pressed cottage cheese), cheese from skimmed milk, from curdled milk, kefir with a low fat content.

The intake of semi-skimmed milk, medium-fat cheeses, processed, spreadable cheeses is limited. Low-fat sour cream is used only for dressing dishes.

4. Fish and seafood

Products useful after a heart attack include all “white” fish of low-fat varieties, boiled or baked after boiling: cod, flounder, as well as fatty fish (herring, mackerel, sardine, tuna), salmon (chum salmon, pink salmon, salmon) .

The intake of marine products (molluscs, crustaceans) is limited.

Fish caviar is an undesirable food after a heart attack.

5. Fruits and vegetables

Recommended: all fresh and frozen fruits, boiled and baked vegetables, peas, beans, olives. Potatoes boiled, peeled or "in their skins" (eat the skin when possible). Also useful foods after a heart attack include fresh fruits, unsweetened canned fruits, walnuts. Dried fruits (prunes, dried apricots, seedless raisins).

The intake of fried, stewed potatoes cooked in oil, fruits in syrup, candied fruits, almonds and hazelnuts is limited.

6. Flour and confectionery

Of the flour products for a heart attack, it is recommended: products made from wholemeal flour (wholemeal), bread from it, as well as grain bread, with bran, peeled, rye, unground (whole) cereals, oatmeal, wheat flour, oatmeal porridge in water and milk , puddings, cereals, brown rice and pasta casseroles, oven-baked crackers, oatmeal cookies, yeast-free bread.

Allow limited intake of products made from white flour (white bread, sweet cereals for breakfast, polished rice, biscuits).

Allow limited intake of cakes, confectionery, biscuits and seasonings cooked in butter, homemade snacks on unsaturated fats.

Not recommended: cakes, puddings, saturated fat biscuits, dumplings, interior fat puddings, cream and butter seasonings, all store-bought puddings and seasonings, snacks cooked in “boiling” butter (fried side dishes), milk ice cream.

Limit sugary drinks, low-malt drinks, low-fat liquid chocolate, packaged soups, and alcohol.

The first period lasts 10-14 days after a heart attack. All dishes for the menu after a heart attack are prepared pureed and without salt. The calorie content of the daily diet is 800-1000 kcal. There are 7 meals a day every 2-3 hours. Immediately after a heart attack, a strict diet is prescribed. All this time, the patient should be under the supervision of a doctor, who, if necessary, can adjust the diet.

You need to eat 5-7 times a day in small portions.

From foodstuffs it is allowed to use:

• vegetable broths and soups;
• liquid, well-boiled cereals;
• low-fat dairy products;
• carrot juice with the addition of vegetable oil (2 times a day, 100 ml of juice, necessarily mixed with 1 teaspoon of oil).

The use of salt during this period is completely prohibited.

Sample menu after a heart attack in the first period for one day:

• 50 g of boiled fish, half a glass of vegetable broth and jelly.
• half a glass of tea with milk, milk porridge with a small piece of butter, grated apple.
• half a glass of decoction of prunes or yogurt.
• 50 g of boiled chicken, half a glass of rosehip broth.
• 100 g of applesauce, half a glass of rosehip broth.
• 50 g of cottage cheese, half a glass of rosehip broth.
• 50 g prune puree.

The second period begins on the 2-4th week after a heart attack. It corresponds to the period of scarring.

What should be the nutrition after a heart attack in the second rehabilitation period? The daily calorie content of the diet is 1200-1400 kcal.

The chemical composition of food:

• Proteins - 90-100 g
• Fats - 70-80 g
• Carbohydrates - 400-450 g

Salt can already be used, but in limited quantities (up to 5 g per day). The daily volume of liquid is 1.2-1.4 liters (at the same time, you can drink no more than 0.8 liters, and everything else goes to cooking). The diet should be divided into 7 meals (the last meal should be completed a couple of hours before bedtime). Before going to bed, you can drink juice or any of the fermented milk products.

Prohibited products:

• fatty meats, fish and poultry, as well as lard and sausages;
• pickles and smoked meats; strong coffee or tea;
• any foods rich in cholesterol (egg yolks, offal, and others);
• alcohol;
• horseradish, mustard and other hot spices.

If you are overweight, you will have to limit the consumption of bread, sweets and flour products.

List of products that are useful after a heart attack in the second rehabilitation period:

• cereals (especially oatmeal and buckwheat);
• berries, fruits (including citrus fruits) and vegetables (it is very important to eat cabbage, especially cauliflower);
• milk and dairy products (cottage cheese, hard cheese, etc.);
• milk and sour cream sauces (on vegetable broth);
• pasta;
• seafood;
• black salted caviar (20 g 1-2 times a week);
• lean meats, fish and poultry (150 g once a day);
• strong meat and fish broths; greens;
• raisins, dried apricots, prunes, apricots, figs;
• nuts;
• beans, soybeans;
• black bread;
• butter (melted, unsalted);
• vegetable oil (20-25 ml per day);
• egg white (1 piece per day); compotes, kissels, jelly, mousses and jams;
• tea with milk or lemon;
• rosehip decoction;
• vegetable, fruit and berry juices;
• decoction of bran with the addition of honey and lemon juice.

Sample menu after myocardial infarction in the second rehabilitation period for one day:

• half a glass of prunes broth.
• milk porridge, 50 g of cottage cheese with 10 g of sour cream, scrambled eggs from 2 proteins, half a glass of tea with milk.
• apple and carrot puree, apple pancakes, half a glass of rosehip broth or fruit juice.
• 150 g vegetable broth with crackers, 50 g boiled chicken or fish, apple jelly.
• half a glass of yogurt, juice or tea.
• 50 g boiled fish or chicken, beet and carrot puree, boiled cauliflower.
• half a glass of curdled milk or 100 g of prune puree.

After the 8th week, the patient can gradually return to his usual diet, while observing all the recommendations and adhering to seven meals a day.

For people with normal and low body weight, the energy value of the diet per day is 2500 kcal. Liquids can be drunk up to 1 liter. Salt intake is limited to 3-5 g per day. The diet of patients after a heart attack in the third period is enriched with potassium salts, which ensures the contractile function of the myocardium and removes fluid from the body. Potassium is found in dry vegetables, fruits and berries (apricots, dried apricots, raisins, dates, prunes, etc.).

However, some foods (sorrel, lettuce, rhubarb, radish, gooseberries, black currants, etc.) contain a lot of oxalic acid, which is forbidden to use in heart failure.

It is good to replace sugar with 1 teaspoon of honey, which contains vitamins, microelements, and biologically active substances. A glass of water drunk on an empty stomach with 1 dessert spoon of honey helps to normalize bowel activity, which is especially important for bedridden patients.

Black bread, salads.

Vinaigrettes, boiled fish, homemade vegetable caviar.

Vegetable side dishes (with the exception of legumes).

One egg per day (only protein is allowed).

Lean beef, lamb, poultry and fish 1 time per day, 150 g in a piece, as well as in the form of steam cutlets and meatballs.

Porridge and pasta dishes.

Low-fat dairy products (cottage cheese, cheese, sour cream, kefir).

Kissels, creams, jellies, mousses, raw fruits, baked, boiled - and jams.

From drinks are allowed: weak tea with lemon or milk, vegetable, fruit and berry juices, rosehip infusion, bran decoction with honey and lemon juice.

Excluded: strong meat and fish broths, fried meat, fish, poultry dishes. Particularly dangerous: fat in large quantities, spicy and salty dishes and snacks, canned food, smoked meats, sausages, alcoholic drinks, soft bread, as well as mustard, horseradish and other spicy seasonings, strong tea and coffee.

Overweight people need to normalize body weight, as this will reduce lipid metabolism disorders and reduce physical stress on the heart muscle. Fasting days are recommended for such patients after myocardial infarction.

Nutrition menu after myocardial infarction for fasting days:

• 500 g of oatmeal and 800 ml of fruit juice per day;
• watermelon day (5 times a day, consume 300 g of ripe watermelon);
• rice-compote day (5 glasses of compote, 100 g of rice porridge per day);
• apple day (1.5-2 kg of baked or pureed apples per day).

Recipes for heart disease - here!

Myocardial infarction is accompanied by sudden abrupt changes in the work of the heart muscle and coronary vessels. An urgent adjustment is required for the loss of a piece of ventricular tissue. It not only stops its functions, but turns into a necrotic mass, which releases decay products into the blood.

The patient will have a period of restorative replacement of necrosis with scar tissue, the development of collateral vessels, and the elimination of the ischemic zone. The diet for myocardial infarction is designed to help drugs solve these problems.

Basic nutritional requirements for a heart attack patient

It is possible to facilitate the mode of heart contractions only by observing bed rest. But a person must get energy from food. How to ensure that nutrition during myocardial infarction does not load the affected muscle tissue, but contributes to its recovery? There are a number of requirements for this:

• you can not take plentiful meat and fried foods, it will require a lot of energy costs for assimilation;
• food should be light, but high in calories;
• the number of meals has to be increased to 6 - 7, and portions should be reduced;
• foods that cause bloating are contraindicated, since raising the diaphragm makes it difficult for heart contractions;
• the diet should have enough protein (building material);
• potassium and magnesium salts are needed, they improve the electrical activity of myocardial cells;
• table salt is limited to 3-5 g, the total content in food is agreed with the doctor, since it depends on possible complications;
• total calorie content can be reduced to 1500 kcal by limiting fatty foods, sugar, flour and confectionery;
• the volume of liquid is reduced to 0.5 l;
• the patient does not need excess caffeine contained in strong coffee, tea, carbonated drinks;
• stool retention in the first days plays a positive role (tension of the muscles of the peritoneum during straining causes an increase in the load on the fragile myocardium), but in the future it is necessary to provide that the diet after myocardial infarction includes products with a laxative effect.

When buying kefir, be sure to check the date of manufacture: only a daily drink has a laxative effect

Diet of the first week of the disease

The acute period determines the compensatory capabilities of the body, is dangerous for the development of complications. Therefore, nutrition should be given special attention.

Useful are:

• low-fat meat broths with white crackers;
• boiled fish;
• mashed boiled meat (soufflé, casserole);
• porridge on the water (buckwheat is better);
• cottage cheese, fat-free kefir;
• salad of boiled beets, seaweed;
• decoction of wild rose, prunes;
• compote of raisins, dried apricots;
• Boiled potatoes;
• citrus fruits.

The food is cooked undersalted. Sugar and sweets are limited.

• animal fats (lard, butter, fatty meat), sausages and smoked products;
• black bread and fresh pastries;
• grapes and juice from it;
• carbonated drinks.

The total calorie content of the daily diet is 1300 kcal, weight is up to 1500 g.

Diet 2nd or 3rd week

Restrictions loosen a little:

• salt is allowed, but not more than 3 g (half a teaspoon) per day, food is prepared without salt, adding is possible with meals;
• porridges are cooked not mashed, crumbly, in casseroles;
• shown grated raw carrots;
• soups with vegetables from lean meat;
• cutlets;
• limited use of sour cream, hard cheese;
• sugar not more than 50 g;
• tomato juice;
• sauces prepared on vegetable broth;
• weak tea with lemon;
• 10 g butter.

Calorie content increases to 1800 kcal, diet weight - up to 2000.

Recovery Diet

Nutrition after myocardial infarction from the fourth week at home is equivalent to the treatment table No. 10. This is a common diet for patients with heart disease (without or with decompensation), hypertension.

Even inserting lettuce leaves does not improve the dangerous properties of various fast food hot dogs.

Peculiarities:

1. Animal fats are very strictly controlled. The diet aims to reduce the content of low-density lipoproteins in the blood and prevent the development of atherosclerosis. Therefore, it is recommended to replace fats with vegetable oils, vegetable sauces.
2. Spicy seasonings, pickles and marinades are not allowed, as these products contain salt and require additional fluid intake. And salt remains limited, its amount should be agreed with your doctor.
3. Meat products are recommended in the form of cutlets, meatballs, meatballs, chicken ham is allowed. Dishes from lamb, fatty pork, shish kebabs, fried products are not allowed.
4. Recommended sea fish, soups from it, stewed with vegetables.
5. Steamed dishes are preferred. Allowed casseroles with cottage cheese, pasta (limited with excess weight), cereals with milk in unmashed form. Apples and other fruits are introduced to the menu gradually.
6. Calorie content increases up to 2300 kcal, the mass of foodstuffs - up to 2300 g.

If there are signs of decompensation, it is necessary to agree with the doctor on the total amount of fluid. If the patient is overweight, then you will have to reduce the use of high-calorie foods, arrange fasting days.

A patient after a heart attack needs to follow a regular stool. Straining is undesirable, so the diet should always include grated beets, prunes and dried apricots soaked overnight. In the evening, you need to take kefir no more than a day old.

Only the basic principles of nutrition for patients with a heart attack are stated. If complications arise, the doctor may recommend additional restrictions. Difficulties are possible if the patient has concomitant diseases of the stomach or kidneys. The attitude to nutrition should be equal with other types of therapy.

A person who has had a myocardial infarction. faces a number of problems. After all, it is necessary to restore and support the body, to protect it from a second heart attack. Diet also plays a big role in this.

But what should be the diet of a person who has had a myocardial infarction? What should she contribute?

So, such a diet should contribute to:

1. Maintaining optimal levels of cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood.

2. Stabilization of body weight.

3. Prevention of fluid retention in the body and the formation of edema.

4. Positive effect on the contractile function of the myocardium.

5. Prevention of spasms of blood vessels.

6. Maintaining a calm state of the nervous system.

What products can help with this?

Dried fruits

Dried fruits will be an excellent help for the heart. Especially useful in this situation will be raisins, prunes, dried apricots and figs,

These dried fruits saturate the body with potassium salts (it is he who has a positive effect on the contractile function of the myocardium) and magnesium (this mineral is known primarily for its excellent anti-stress properties).

Potato

Potatoes are rich in potassium, methionine, choline, glutamic and aspartic acids.

However, in order for the potato to show its best qualities to the fullest, it must be baked.

After all, even potatoes cooked in their skins can lose a significant amount of potassium, while baked potatoes lose only 5% of potassium.

But fried potatoes will bring with them only one harm. After all, the frying process not only destroys useful biologically active substances, but also makes the product carcinogenic.

However, of course, one should refuse not only fried potatoes, but also fried foods in general.

Another of the heart's favorite fruits is the banana. This can also be explained by the fact that a banana is a real storehouse of potassium.

Bananas also contribute to the formation of serotonin in the human body, which is often called the hormone of happiness.

In the post-infarction period, the role of serotonin acquires a special role. After all, a calm emotional state, faith in recovery, the absence of anxiety, fear and irritability are very important for the restoration of the body.

This fruit is rich in vitamins, potassium, pectin. That is why an apple helps cleanse and strengthen blood vessels, normalizes cholesterol levels, protects the body from complications (for example, after a heart attack, sometimes problems with bowel function begin).

A person who has had a heart attack should definitely include fish in his diet. It is desirable that fish be present in the diet every day.

Boiled “white fish” (for example, cod, saithe) is very useful, it is also recommended to eat a serving of fatty fish containing omega-3 acids 2 times a week (already during the onset of remission) (a suitable option is, for example, salmon).

But from fish caviar you have to turn out.

Vegetable oil

Preference should be given to vegetable oils. Olive, sunflower and linseed oils are especially healing for the heart.

An exception to the rule (more precisely, from vegetable oils) can only be coconut oil.

But fats of animal origin (for example, butter) should be sharply limited.

By the way, that is why you should not get too carried away with milk and dairy products, and including them in your diet, you should give preference to low-fat and low-fat varieties.

It is best to forget about condensed milk, fatty cheeses, cream, lard.

Separately, I want to say about garlic. This product is quite controversial.

On the one hand, it is well known that garlic is the enemy of "bad" cholesterol,

but on the other hand, garlic has a stimulating effect, including,

it excites the nervous system.

Therefore, immediately in the post-infarction period, garlic should be treated with great caution, and only during the remission period can it be gradually introduced into food. However, it must be remembered that it is recommended to eat no more than 1-2 cloves of garlic per day.

By the way, from the point of view of preventing the formation of blood clots (and this is extremely important), it is more useful to eat garlic that has undergone heat treatment. It would seem that many useful substances are destroyed in garlic exposed to heat, however, those substances that just conduct prophylaxis with blood clots, on the contrary, begin to be intensively released during the cooking process.

Particular attention should be paid to drinks.

It is preferable to use weak tea (for example, with low-fat milk), vegetable and fruit juices (freshly squeezed juices are the most useful option), and rosehip broth is also very useful.

At night it is very cool to drink a glass of curdled milk or low-fat kefir.

But instant coffee and strong alcoholic beverages should definitely be abandoned.

What else should be considered when dieting after a heart attack?

• When following a diet, it is very important to pay attention to your weight, because, for example, for people who are inclined to be overweight, the calorie content of food above 2200 kcal per day is simply not acceptable.
• It is very important to reduce salt in the diet. No more than one teaspoon of salt should be consumed per day. For people who have serious problems associated with high blood pressure, salt restriction can be even more drastic.
• Of course, you need to learn how to say a firm “no” to smoked meats and marinades.
• It is important to observe the principle of fractional nutrition (4-5 times a day). This will help reduce the load on the entire cardiovascular system.

Nutrition After a Heart Attack - What You Need to Know

Myocardial infarction is a life-threatening disease. After a heart attack, the rehabilitation process is extremely important. At the same time, a sick person is required to strictly follow all the recommendations of the doctor observing the patient. In addition to drug treatment, dosed physical activity, a positive psychological attitude, one of the most important stages of the recovery period is a well-balanced diet.

Nutrition after myocardial infarction is a mandatory diet that will prevent weight gain and the formation of blood clots, reduce unnecessary stress on the cardiovascular system, and most importantly, restore the functions of the heart muscle (myocardium). In the process of rehabilitation after a heart attack, it is important to reduce blood cholesterol levels. regularly remove toxins and unoxidized metabolic products from the body. Particular attention should be paid to the amount of salt consumed. The diet after myocardial infarction should have a practically salt-free character, with the obligatory restriction of the total amount of food consumed, as well as the amount of liquid drunk.

To reduce weight indicators, it is necessary to drastically reduce or completely abandon the use of fatty foods, all kinds of sweets, flour products. During the recovery period, such food will not bring anything good to the body, except for extra pounds. Compliance with the diet halves the risk of developing a second attack of a deadly disease.

In the first 2 - 3 days after the attack, when the acute stage of the disease occurs, preference should be given to drinks. This is low-fat kefir, weak tea, rosehip broth, compote, natural orange, apricot, currant juice. Drinks are recommended to drink a quarter cup 6 - 8 times a day. During this period, milk, grape and tomato juice are categorically contraindicated. The first two drinks increase flatulence, and tomatoes can stimulate blood clotting.

After 3 days after a heart attack, you should switch to semi-liquid food. Food products, or rather dishes prepared from them, must be mashed. You should eat fractionally, in small portions, 5-6 times a day. During this rehabilitation period, sour-milk products, grated cottage cheese, cereals, boiled meat, lean fish, steam omelet, grated carrots and beets begin to be included in the diet. Before going to bed, it is recommended to drink a glass of fruit juice or kefir. After a week of the recovery period, you can gradually increase the energy value of the food consumed, of course, within reasonable limits.

It should be noted that in the first weeks after myocardial infarction, the patient is prescribed bed rest. Often this leads to disruption of the functioning of the intestine. As a result, body weight may increase, persistent constipation may appear, which can cause repeated attacks. In this case, nutrition needs to be given increased attention. It is necessary to exclude from the diet products that provoke increased gas formation. Fresh fruits or prunes can quite gently activate the motor function of the intestine, increase its peristalsis.

For people who have had a heart attack, it is of great importance to receive a complete set of all the necessary vitamins and microelements with daily food. One of the most important vitamins is ascorbic acid (vitamin C), which is present in sufficient quantities in rosehip broth, strawberries, lemons, black currants, and oranges.

Important during the recovery period are B vitamins, which are rich in potatoes, cabbage, buckwheat. They dilate blood vessels and have a positive effect on the contractile function of the heart muscle, potassium salts contained in prunes, dried apricots, and raisins. And magnesium salts stabilize blood cholesterol levels, help lower blood pressure. Their source is figs, beans, nuts. We must not forget about seafood (seaweed, crabs, mussels, shrimps), rich in biologically active substances.

Nutrition after myocardial infarction involves the exclusion from the diet of mustard, smoked meats, coffee, rich meat broths, fried meat, canned food, and alcoholic beverages. Following a diet and doctor's recommendations will definitely help the heart recover quickly. Take care of yourself!

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Diet after myocardial infarction

Patients who have had this disease want to return to their normal lives and avoid a second heart attack. Full rehabilitation is provided by a whole range of measures, among which therapeutic nutrition is not the last. For patients after myocardial infarction, the Institute of Nutrition of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences has developed a special diet.

Diet for myocardial infarction: goals and how to achieve them

Diet after myocardial infarction is designed to solve several problems at once:

The diet includes 3 types of diet, corresponding to the three periods of the course of the disease. For each diet, a certain amount of necessary proteins, fats and carbohydrates, the frequency of meals, the amount of fluid consumed, a list of permitted foods and methods of their preparation are provided.

Diet I (acute period of myocardial infarction)

In the first two days after myocardial infarction, the patient needs little food. During this period, he can only drink weak warm tea with sugar or rosehip broth (8 times a day, no more than a quarter cup at a time). Solid food is excluded. After that, diet I is prescribed for a week. The menu includes cereals on the water, boiled lean beef or chicken, vegetable and fruit purees, mashed soups on vegetable broth. All food is cooked without salt, served pureed and should be warm. The patient eats 6 times a day in small portions. During this period, foods that can cause flatulence (milk, legumes, fresh bread, and others) are prohibited.

Ration II (subacute period)

The subacute period lasts the entire second and third week after a heart attack. The diet expands somewhat, the amount of food and liquid consumed increases. Salt is still banned. Food can be served not only in pureed, but also in boiled lumps. The list of allowed foods and dishes generally corresponds to that for the previous period of illness. It is allowed to eat yesterday's wheat bread, soft raw fruits and berries, jams and compotes from them. Meals should be in small portions 5 times a day.

Diet III (scarring period)

The scarring period begins from the 4th week of the disease, and from that moment on, the patient is recommended to consume foods with a high content of potassium. It is found in berries, fruits and especially dried fruits. The diet of this period is characterized by some "indulgences" in comparison with the previous one. Wheat bread, if desired, is partially replaced with yesterday's rye bread. Soups can be boiled in a weak meat broth without fat. It is allowed to use soaked herring, low-fat ham, pasta. Gradually, small amounts of salt are introduced into the diet. The volume of food and liquid consumed warm in small portions 5 times a day increases.

Further diet

Once all three diets have been completed, the patient is switched to a broader diet. If the patient is overweight against his background, it is recommended to regularly spend fasting days. Therapeutic nutrition for myocardial infarction allows you to correct a number of cardiovascular diseases that can cause complications or re-infarction. However, the patient should remember that not only diseases of the heart and blood vessels, but even problems with sleep can provoke these diseases. After all, our heart works continuously and even at night it needs good nutrition and enough oxygen. And sleep problems, in the first place, sleep apnea syndrome, deprive the heart muscle of the opportunity to fully “breathe”. Therefore, full-fledged rehabilitation and prevention of re-infarction should include the treatment of sleep disorders. The specialists of the sleep medicine department of the Barvikha sanatorium have vast experience in solving such problems and will help you find healthy sleep, improve the quality and length of life.