ENT inflammation of the nose. Inflammation of the sinuses - symptoms and treatment. Types of inflammation of the sinuses

In the list of common ENT diseases, sinusitis, an inflammation of the nasal mucosa and sinuses, occupies a leading position. Most often, the disease occurs as a complication after respiratory diseases. It is necessary to take timely measures to eliminate inflammation in order to avoid the development of unpleasant consequences.

Sinusitis is acute or chronic inflammation sinuses

The sinuses are located in the upper jaw and are connected to the nasal cavity through natural holes. Depending on localization inflammatory process in the sinuses, the following forms are distinguished: frontal sinusitis, sinusitis, sphenoiditis.

The inflammatory process in the paranasal sinuses occurs when pathogens enter. Sinusitis can be viral, bacterial or fungal. Viral sinusitis is milder, but often there may be an addition bacterial infection.

The main factors provoking the development of the inflammatory process:

Colds
Frequent nosebleeds
Dental diseases
allergic reactions
Deviated septum of the nose
Inhalation of tobacco smoke
Nose injury
dry air

When ingested, the infection multiplies on the nasal mucosa and then spreads to the paranasal sinuses, thereby causing inflammation and swelling.

Under such conditions, bacteria feel great, and insufficient oxygen supply favorably affects reproduction. Usually, the inflammatory process affects several sinuses, as they are close to each other.

Symptoms

Bad smelling nasal discharge, pain when tilting the head, fever and weakness are signs of sinus inflammation

With inflammation of the sinuses, the patient has the following symptoms:

Nasal discharge thick and purulent, strong and bad smell.
When tilting the head, there is pain in the paranasal sinuses.
Runny nose.
strong headache.
Cough.
Puffiness and redness of the eyes.
Increase in body temperature.

The course of the disease can take several forms:

Acute course. Signs of the inflammatory process are pronounced. If properly treated, the disease goes away without a trace.
Chronic course. The inflammatory process lasts more than a month and develops against the background of an uncured acute form.

If any of these symptoms appear, you should contact an otolaryngologist.

Medications for children and adults

Only after the diagnosis is made and the pathogen is identified, medications are prescribed.

Drug treatment involves the use of drugs to relieve swelling, discharge of mucus from the nasal passages and eliminate the inflammatory process:

With nasal congestion, vasoconstrictor drugs are used: Nafazoline, Oxymetazoline, Sanorin, Nazol, etc. It is important to know that it is forbidden to use drops for more than 7 days, as addiction develops. In the treatment of sinusitis, combined preparations are often used: Isofra, Protargol, Polydex. They contain several active ingredients, due to which the drugs have an antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effect. If there are no contraindications, then you can perform nasal lavage with antiseptic and saline solutions.
To eliminate the infection, antibiotics of the penicillin series are used: Cefuroxime, Amoxicillin, Erythromycin, etc. acute form the duration of antibiotic treatment is about 10-14 days. If the inflammation has become chronic, then treatment can last about 4-6 weeks. The dosage of the antibiotic is prescribed exclusively by the doctor. At the end of the course of treatment with antibacterial drugs, probiotics should be used. They improve the intestinal microflora and reduce the negative impact of antibiotics on the body.
If necessary, the doctor may prescribe an appointment antihistamines, which will reduce the strength of the inflammatory process. From antihistamines medicines apply Diazolin, Claritin, Loratadin, etc.
AT advanced cases if it is not possible to remove pus from the sinuses, a puncture is performed. This procedure helps to restore the patency of the nasal passages, remove mucus.
In the treatment of inflammation of the sinuses in children, light vasoconstrictor drugs are used: DlyaNos, Rinofluimucil, Nazol kids, etc. It is useful to perform saline rinsing isotonic solutions: Aqua Maris, Aqualor, etc. Saline solutions relieve swelling, thin the secretion and relieve the inflammatory process.
The disease in children mild degree it is treated with antibiotics from a number of cephalosporins and macrolides: Clarithromycin, Spiramycin, Azithromycin, Cephelim, Ceftriaxone, etc. In severe form, Amoxicillin, Amoxiclav, etc. are used.

It should be remembered that antibiotics are used only for a bacterial infection, when the discharge from the nose is yellow-green. In diseases of a viral nature, the use of antibiotics is inappropriate and ineffective and can lead to a decrease in immunity. Any antibacterial drug is prescribed strictly by an otolaryngologist.

Folk recipes

Steam inhalation is an effective folk method for treating inflammation of the sinuses.

With sinusitis, it is very useful to perform washings, inhalations, make compresses, and also bury your nose with infusions. medicinal plants. Alternative methods of treatment do not get rid of the infection, but only help to alleviate the condition, reducing the manifestation of symptoms.

Popular folk recipes that are effective for inflammation of the sinuses:

Garlic inhalation. Take a few cloves of garlic, peel, chop, pour 120 ml of boiling water. Add a teaspoon of vinegar and mix well. Cover your head terry towel and inhale the vapors for 10-20 minutes.
Onion solution. Grate a small onion on a fine grater and add a small spoonful of honey. Stir the mixture, pour 120 ml boiled water. Close the container with a lid and leave for 5-7 hours. Then strain and every day rinse the nose with the prepared solution. You can mix grated onion with vegetable oil, squeeze through cheesecloth and bury in the nose.
Aloe juice. Cut off a small leaf of aloe, rinse and squeeze the juice. Dilute in water in equal proportions and instill 2-3 times a day. Instead of aloe, you can use Kalanchoe, while adding more water.
Compress from spruce resin. To prepare a compress, you need to take 200 g of resin, an onion, 50 ml vegetable oil, 15 g of vitriol. Bring the resin to a boil and add all the other ingredients. Mix everything well and use as a compress.
Propolis compress. Take a few pieces of propolis, soak in water and add golden mustache juice in a ratio of 1:1. Heat the mixture over low heat, then put in gauze and roll up in several layers. Apply to the affected sinuses for half an hour.
Decoction of bay leaf. Take 10 bay leaves, pour three liters of water. Put the pan on a slow fire and boil for 5-10 minutes. Then wait until the broth cools slightly and carry out inhalation. You should know that it is forbidden to inhale hot air, as you can burn the mucous membrane.
For inhalation, you can use essential oils eucalyptus, sage, mint, tea tree. It is important to remember that steam inhalation are not carried out with nasal congestion, nosebleeds, high temperature. This procedure is contraindicated in children under 5 years of age.

Complications of sinus inflammation

A neglected form of sinusitis can cause very dangerous complications.

If the inflammatory process in the sinuses of the nose is not eliminated, then the development of serious complications. This usually occurs when antibacterial drugs are not taken correctly, against which the protective functions of the body decrease, and the resistance of pathogens increases.

In this case, the inflammatory process spreads further and affects the eyes, the bone marrow of the skull, which leads to intracranial complications.

The most common complications of sinusitis are:

Swelling and inflammation of the eyelids.
Abscess of the periosteum.
Phlegmon of the eye cavity.
Inflammation of the soft membrane.
Abscess of the meninges.
Thrombosis of the longitudinal sinus.

With a deep inflammatory process, the bone is affected and osteomyelitis develops. A very serious complication is meningitis - inflammation of the lining of the brain.

Development intracranial complications increases with a decrease in immunity, bone defects.

The inflammatory process can quickly spread through the bloodstream throughout the body. This can lead to sepsis. This is very dangerous, as it may end lethal outcome. With the correct and timely diagnosis, the development of unpleasant consequences can be avoided.

Prevention

Preventive measures are aimed at eliminating provoking factors and pathologies that can lead to the development of the inflammatory process.

The main measures to prevent sinusitis:

It is necessary to treat infections of the nasopharynx in a timely manner.
Cleanse the oral cavity from pathogens - treat caries and other dental diseases.
Take measures to strengthen immunity: harden the body, use enough vegetables and fruits, play sports, give up bad habits etc.
Avoid hypothermia. In winter, dress warmly, be sure to wear a hat.
Avoid places during a cold large cluster people and not come into contact with people with colds.
Perform hygiene measures.
Normalize the normal microclimate in the room. Ventilate the air regularly, use humidifiers if necessary. You should also constantly carry out wet cleaning.
With a tendency to allergic reaction try to avoid contact with substances that cause allergies.
It is recommended to take vitamin and mineral complexes.

For more information on how to treat sinusitis at home, see the video:

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The most common ENT diseases include inflammation of the sinuses (sinusitis), which occurs as a consequence of more complex forms of respiratory diseases.

Inflammation of the sinuses is a danger to the body, since these organs perform several functions. Among them are the protection of the brain and eyeballs from external negative factors, ensuring breathing, warming and humidifying the incoming air.

With inflammation paranasal sinuses the nose of a person, the function of breathing is difficult, visual impairment can be observed, the timbre of the voice changes, the moral and psychological state worsens.

Inflammation of the sinuses of the nose: symptoms. Clinical picture

One of the most common types of sinusitis is sinusitis. Usually the disease occurs in the cold season, it can develop both in adults and in children.

However, there are a number of signs that always accompany the course of the disease. They have much in common with the symptoms of the common cold. Among them should be highlighted:

congestion and mucous discharge from the nose with fetid odor, sometimes mixed with pus and blood;
headache;
fever, chills;
pressing pain in the temples, eyes, forehead;
shortness of breath, deterioration of smell and taste sensations;
noise and congestion in the ears;
swelling of the mucous membranes;
general weakness.

Manifestations of pain sensations depend on the localization of the pathological process. If the sinuses and head are blocked and hurt, the patient may be diagnosed with inflammation of the frontal sinus. At the same time, he is disturbed by photophobia, sharp pains in the eyes, displacement of the eyeball.

With inflammation of the ethmoid labyrinth, the patient develops swelling of the eyelids, impaired sense of smell, his sinuses are clogged.

A photo

Inflammation of the sinuses can occur due to a tooth, more precisely as a result of caries or stomatitis. Pain in the sinuses, coming from the teeth, occurs due to their pathological changes.

In some cases, sinusitis is allergic character. In this case, the patient develops mucous discharge from the nose, severe sneezing, itching, headache and general weakness.

Why do the sinuses hurt: what can be?

Determining the cause of inflammation of the paranasal sinuses is of paramount importance, since the methods of treating the pathology depend on it. The following factors should be highlighted:

1 Viral diseases

Pathologies arising from the penetration of viruses. These include SARS, influenza, herpes, meningitis, encephalitis. Diseases provoked by viruses are always accompanied by fever, headache, muscle weakness, general poor health.

2 Bacterial infections

Penetration against the background of reduced immunity pathogenic microorganisms, causing cough, congestion and discharge, headache. sinusitis bacterial origin may develop as a result of untreated teeth.

3 Fungal infections

Sinusitis can occur as a complication of previous diseases in debilitated, elderly patients, against the background of other chronic diseases, such as diabetes, AIDS.

Inflammation of the sinuses occurs as a result of negative interaction with a specific allergen.
Source: nasmorkam.net

Swelling, pain under the eye, headache can be symptoms that accompany fractures and bruises of the nose, as well as unsuccessful operations in the nose area. In this case, sinus pain is the main symptom, and the disease itself proceeds without a runny nose.

The disease can develop in acute and chronic form. In the first case, his symptoms are pronounced, the patient's health deteriorates sharply. In the absence of adequate treatment, the disease takes on a chronic form.

The child has

Sinusitis in children can occur for the same reasons as in adults. Most often it is the result of a complication of viral and bacterial diseases, may be the result of chronic tonsillitis, adenoids, polyps.

In children, inflammation of the sinuses can occur due to entry into the nasal passages foreign objects. In infants, inflammation often accompanies the process of teething, when the body becomes more sensitive and prone to disease.

The child has a deterioration in appetite and sleep, he becomes restless, irritable, refuses to breastfeed.

Swelling of the sinuses

Swelling of the sinuses occurs due to enlarged blood vessels and increased blood flow. Swollen mucous membranes interfere with normal nasal breathing, worsen the supply of oxygen to the brain.

In addition to infectious irritants, edema can be triggered by exposure to various household and industrial allergens. These include dust particles, pesticides, detergents.

Prolonged use of vasoconstrictor drops also negatively affects the condition of the mucous membranes. Edema is a mandatory consequence of the transferred rhinoplasty.

In debilitated patients, swelling of the nose without pus may occur during prolonged stay in a room with increased dryness air or after swimming in cold water, walking without a hat in the cold season.

When should you see a doctor?

Inflammatory processes in the nasal region are often perceived as a minor ailment that will pass without treatment. This misconception leads to the fact that the patient goes to the doctor when the disease drags on and becomes chronic.

In order to prevent serious complications, it is necessary to visit a doctor at any negative symptoms, especially with the appearance of pus in the sinuses, fever, severe headache.

In children, the reason to see a doctor should be the restless behavior of the baby, breathing through the mouth, bad dream and refusal to eat.

What diagnostics will be required?

Treatment of inflammation of the sinuses is carried out by a therapist and an otolaryngologist. When making a diagnosis, a general examination of the patient is carried out, his complaints are listened to. Other diagnostic measures include:

carrying out laboratory tests;
radiography;
contrast radiography according to indications;
puncture of sinus discharge and its laboratory analysis.

After establishing the cause of the inflammation, treatment begins.

Inflammation of the sinuses: treatment. Therapy Options

Pathology treatment methods are prescribed depending on the form of the disease, taking into account general state the patient, his age, the presence of other chronic diseases.

In any case, therapy should be comprehensive. It includes drug therapy and conducting various therapeutic procedures.

A good therapeutic effect is given by washing the nasal cavity. In addition to ready-made pharmaceutical preparations, a saline solution is used, which is easy to prepare at home. When washing, you must follow the rules.

Each nostril should be rinsed separately, the liquid should flow from the other nostril. At the end of the procedure, you need to blow your nose well to free the nasal passages from the remnants of the solution.

How to treat sinusitis besides medication? Physiotherapeutic procedures give a good therapeutic effect. These include electrophoresis, UVI, UHF.

How to treat the sinuses of the nose with medications?

With a runny nose, the presence of pus in the sinuses, the following groups of drugs are indicated:

antibacterial - a properly selected antibiotic eliminates the symptoms of bacterial sinusitis and contributes to speedy recovery(Amoxicillin, Ampicillin, Isofra, Bioparox);
nasal drops - relieve swelling, improve breathing, eliminate congestion (Otrivin, Nazol, Nazivin);
solutions for washing - free the nasal passages from accumulated mucus (Aqualor, Aquamaris);
anti-inflammatory drugs - eliminate swelling and pain, improve breathing (Erispal, Sinupret);
mucolytics - dilute the purulent contents, accelerate its removal to the outside (Acetylcysteine);
immunomodulating agents - improve the general condition of the body, strengthen the immune system.

How to relieve congestion in allergic sinusitis? For treatment, antihistamines are prescribed - Loratadin, Cetrin, Zirtek.

Procedures

The method of washing the nose in a hospital is called "Cuckoo". Such an unusual name is due to the fact that during the procedure the patient is asked to repeat the words "cuckoo". This is necessary so that the liquid does not enter the nasopharynx.

For the procedure, a vacuum suction with a reservoir is used. The liquid coming through the syringe washes out accumulated mucus, particles of dust and dirt, and blood clots from the nasal passages.

Many patients, especially children, do not like the procedure, but it is painless and gives a very good therapeutic effect. Cuckoo is contraindicated in patients suffering from epilepsy, mental disorders, bleeding disorders.

It is not given to children under 5 years of age. The cuckoo is not effective at severe forms inflammation of the sinuses.

Another method of cleansing the paranasal sinuses is the Yamik catheter. It is also used for mild forms of inflammation. After the contents are removed, the medicine is administered.

It can be antibacterial or mucolytic agents. To secure success this procedure it is necessary to pass 5-6 times.

The use of the Yamik catheter is prohibited in cases of deviated nasal septum, frequent nosebleeds, epilepsy, and in the elderly. The procedure is not contraindicated for children, but before it is carried out, the child will need psychological preparation.

Surgical treatment

What to do if antibiotic therapy and other treatments do not give the desired results? Typically, these patients need surgical intervention. The operation is carried out in the following cases:

inflammation has become chronic, the patient has suffered more than three cases of sinusitis during the year;
sinus blockage was found during CT scan;
course of antibiotics and other medicines and physiological procedures did not give a result;
the disease is complicated by the presence of a curvature of the nasal septum;
exists high risk complications of the disease.

During the operation, the surgeon removes the infected and inflamed tissue, polyps in the nose and sinuses.

Inflammatory processes can be caused by the presence benign education- cysts. In this case, surgical treatment is also carried out.
Advantages surgical treatment are great: holding it frees a person from chronic disease. The patient's sense of smell improves, the problem with shortness of breath is eliminated.

If the operation is refused, therapy is continued with the use of medications and physiotherapy procedures.

Treatment with folk remedies

Traditional medicine has a number of effective means that successfully eliminate the main signs of inflammation of the sinuses. However, such treatment will be effective only in the initial, uncomplicated stages of the disease.

We give examples of the most used well-known folk remedies:

Black radish juice

This method has proven itself in the treatment of cough, but it is no less effective in inflammatory processes. From the radish you need to cut off the tip, remove a small amount of pulp and fill the void with honey. The resulting juice is dripped into the nasal passages 4-6 times a day.

Inhalation vapors of garlic. A few cloves of garlic must be thoroughly crushed, placed in a container and inhaled garlic vapor for several minutes. Vapors emit phytoncides - a natural antibiotic.

A mixture of potassium permanganate and iodine. Manganese crystals are dissolved in water until a light pink color is obtained. Add a few drops of iodine to the water. The resulting solution is washed with nasal passages 2 times a day. The solution must be prepared immediately before use.

propolis solution. A few drops of the finished propolis tincture are mixed with boiled water and the nasal passages are washed with the resulting mixture several times a day.

Relying completely on the effectiveness of folk remedies is also not recommended, they can only be used as additional method treatment in complex therapy.

What are the possible complications? What is dangerous?

If left untreated, acute sinusitis inevitably becomes chronic. In this case, the patient has to constantly breathe through his mouth, which increases the risk of developing diseases such as tonsillitis, pharyngitis, tracheitis, bronchitis. Bronchitis, in turn, can lead to asthma.

Very often sinusitis is complicated by otitis media. The disease is accompanied by congestion and pain in the ear, and in severe cases exudation of pus.

Other complications include conjunctivitis, neuritis optic nerve, periostitis of the orbit. Most dangerous complication sinusitis is sepsis. With a weakened immune system, a purulent focus can spread to other internal organs.

Any inflammatory processes in the sinuses require immediate diagnosis and appointment. timely treatment. This is the only way to eliminate inflammation that is dangerous to health in time and improve the quality of human life.

Sinusitis(novolat. sinusitis, from lat. sinus- sinus and lat. -itis- a suffix meaning inflammation) is an inflammation of the paranasal sinuses, which can affect both one and two paranasal sinuses at the same time. Rhinitis remains the main cause of development. Often there is inflammation of the sinuses against the background of SARS. The pathological process, the development of which occurs against the background of ARVI of the upper respiratory tract, is community-acquired.

Classification

According to the nature of the course, these types of sinusitis are distinguished - acute and chronic. The acute form is characterized by sudden development. Formation chronic form occurs against the background of constant pathogenic processes or allergies. Quite often, acute or chronic rhinitis.

According to the form of the flow, there is such a classification of sinusitis:

exudative;
serous;
catarrhal;
purulent;
productive.

Taking into account the localization of the pathology, sinusitis is classified into the following types:

sinusitis;
frontitis;
ethmoiditis;
sphenoiditis (sphenoidal sinusitis).

Sinusitis classification

Also diagnosed right-sided sinusitis and left-sided. It all depends on which side of the nasal bone the sinuses were affected.

Causes of inflammation of the sinuses

The sinuses can become inflamed under the influence of the following factors:

Primer stick, streptococcus, staphylococcus aureus, viruses and fungi.
Congenital defects of the ethmoid labyrinth and turbinates.
Adenoids, nasal polyps, SARS.
Acquired deformities of the nose that occur after trauma, surgery.
Intrahospital therapeutic and diagnostic procedures.
Allergic vasomotor rhinitis.
Prolonged and unjustified intake of antibacterial drugs.
Dental pathologies.
Diabetes.
genetic predisposition.

Symptoms of sinusitis (according to the forms of the disease)

Spicy

Acute sinusitis how to determine? Symptoms of sinusitis in adults in acute form are as follows:

a runny nose that lasts more than 7-10 days, with no improvement;
difficult nasal breathing;
runoff of mucus along the back wall, purulent sputum comes out in the morning;
pain in the head, toothache;
hypersensitivity of the skin of the face in the area of the inflamed sinus;
fever;
weakness, lethargy, fatigue, irritability;
photophobia, lacrimation, poor appetite, sleep disturbance;
disturbed sense of smell;
swelling of the cheeks, eyelids.

Chronic

Inflammation of the paranasal sinuses in a chronic form is accompanied by mild and meager symptoms. The patient has the following symptoms:

runny nose;
scanty discharge of mucus from the nose, drying crusts may be present;
constant leakage from the nose, due to which cracks, abrasions form;
dryness in the throat;
pain in the head;
halitosis.

If chronic sinusitis worsens, then the symptoms of the acute form are characteristic of it.

Subacute

The subacute course of the pathology is characterized by mild symptoms. It lasts up to 2 months. The patient is visited for a long time by mild symptoms of sinusitis, which he takes for a classic cold.

Exudative

This type of inflammation of the sinuses differs from all others in that the symptoms of sinusitis are almost invisible. The only thing that worries the patient is the copious discharge of exudate (fluid released from the nose). Because of this, full nasal breathing is disturbed. Exudative sinusitis is divided into purulent and catarrhal.

catarrhal

Characterized by the allocation of both liquid and viscous exudate. The causes of sinusitis are the presence of extensive swelling of the nasal mucosa and soft tissue injury. Is different catarrhal form absence of purulent secretions. For inflammation of the sinuses, the symptoms are as follows:

with sinusitis, the headache is aching in nature and can affect one side (for example, if the sinusitis is left-sided, then the pains are traced on the left);
poor appetite and sleep;
rise in body temperature;
burning and dryness in the nose;
a sharp loss of the ability to perceive odors;
redness of the mucous membrane;
increased secretion of tear fluid;
general poisoning of the body.

hyperplastic

sinusitis disease hyperplastic form accompanied by thickening of the nasal mucosa. Because of this, normal breathing is disturbed. Hyperplastic sinusitis is formed against the background of a protracted inflammatory process. Even during remission, the sinus opening does not expand.

polyposis

This sinusitis in adults is characterized by the growth of polyps in the nasal cavity. Because of this, there is a serious obstacle to the normal outflow of the contents of the sinuses and the flow of air.

Viral

Viral sinusitis is the result of SARS. This fact complicates the diagnosis of damage to the paranasal sinuses at an early stage of development. The viral form of the pathology is different in that you can get rid of it in a short time, using only antiviral therapy.

Bacterial

Bacterial sinusitis is a complication of the common cold. It occurs against the background of a bacterial infection. When the sinuses become inflamed, they make themselves felt after 7 days. Bacterial sinusitis is accompanied by the following symptoms:

general malaise;
coughing with fever and purulent discharge;
headache.

Odontogenic

Odontogenic sinusitis affects the maxillary sinus. It develops against the background of pathologies of the teeth, gums. Odontogenic sinusitis is accompanied by the following symptoms:

headache;
nasal discharge;
difficult nasal breathing;
swelling of the soft tissues of the cheek.

Vasomotor

This type of pathology can be allergic and neurovegetative. Characterized general weakness, increased fatigue and decreased work capacity. The patient complains of headaches, poor sleep and appetite.

Vasomotor sinusitis can be recognized by symptoms such as:

loss of the ability to perceive odors;
dryness in the nose;
runny nose.

cystic

With this form of pathology in the nasal cavity are formed cystic formations. Cystic sinusitis is accompanied by the following symptoms:

runny nose;
a feeling of bursting;
headache;
symptoms of sinusitis (heaviness in the head, pain in the temples, fever, loss of smell).

Possible Complications

Why is sinusitis dangerous? The most common consequence of sinusitis is the attachment of infection to the eye socket. This is accompanied by swelling, bulging eyes and pronounced pain.

Orbital infection

Considering the main complications of sinusitis, it is worth canceling the possibility of the transition of the inflammatory process into a chronic form. This occurs due to the presence of a constant infectious source in the patient's body. Such consequences lead to a recurrence of angina, pharyngitis.

Possible recurrence of angina or pharyngitis

The acute form of the pathological process leads to the rapid development of neuritis of the special trigeminal nerve. It expresses itself vividly pain syndrome in the area of the face.

Trigeminal neuritis

The consequences of the chronic form of sinusitis is the rapid formation of an abscess. It can be presented as a closed cavity. There is pus in the inside.

Against the background of chronic inflammation, severe atrophy of the nasal mucosa develops. Because of this, the sense of smell is disturbed. The patient has a chronic cough.

Diagnostics

Sinusitis can only be diagnosed by a doctor. In addition to external examination, he appoints following methods diagnostics:

Video endoscopy. Such a diagnosis of sinusitis allows you to identify the features of the anatomical structure and determine the causes of the development of pathology.
X-ray of the paranasal sinuses.
ultrasound. This method of diagnosis is safe, it has no contraindications and is used not only to determine the pathology, but also to control the process of therapy.
CT, MRI. Assign an examination according to indications.
Laboratory diagnostics is prescribed according to indications.

Videoendoscopy

Medical treatment of sinusitis

Treatment of sinusitis in adults is based on the use of a number of drugs that can stop the infection, improve breathing, get rid of swelling of the mucous membrane and restore the connection between the anastomoses and the nasal cavity.

Antibiotics

What is sinusitis and how is it treated? If bacterial sinusitis is diagnosed, then antibiotic therapy is mandatory. The choice of medication is carried out taking into account the type of bacteria and the severity of the pathological process.

Appoint antibacterial medicines a wide range influence. Dosage selection is carried out on an individual basis. By applying them to correct dosage, after 2-3 days, the unpleasant signs of sinusitis in adults will subside.

Bacterial sinusitis can be treated with the following antibiotics:

Amoxicillin;
clavulanate;
Ampicillin;
Sulbactam.

Vasoconstrictors

Treatment in adults necessarily includes vasoconstrictor drops. Their purpose is to reduce the swelling of the nasal mucosa and sinuses, as well as the secretion of mucus.

Puffiness is reduced due to the expansion of fistulas to required size. A decrease in the volume of exudate in the sinuses will lead to a decrease in the severity clinical picture. Sinusitis can be treated with the following medications:

Naphthyzin;
Otrivin;
Sanorin.

Thinners

To reduce inflammation, reduce the viscosity of mucus, mucolytics and secretolytics are used. Such medicines should include:

Rinofluimucil;
Sinupret.

Antihistamines

Sinusitis, its symptoms and treatment are very interconnected. If the cause is removed allergic form pathology, then the symptoms will begin to decline. The following antihistamines are used:

Suprastin;
Claritin;
Erespal;
Nasonex;
Avamis.

Symptomatic medications

Sinusitis, its symptoms and treatment depend on each other. It is not for nothing that therapy is complex, because it is important to get rid of both unpleasant symptoms and the underlying factor. To symptomatic remedies should include antipyretics and painkillers. Paracetamol remains unique. It helps with headaches and fever.

Tempalgin is complex drug, which reduces fever and relieves the condition when the head hurts. In addition, it affects the nervous system, which makes the pain less painful.

procedure therapy

Considering effective methods of treatment, it is worth mentioning procedural ones. They allow you to remove mucus and enter into the nasal cavity medicinal solution. Such manipulations are effective:

Cuckoo. This procedure is performed using a suction-aspirator. Due to it, mucus is removed from the nose and sinuses. In addition, medicinal solutions can be administered through the device.
Sinus catheter Yamik. It is possible to pump out mucus from the sinuses, while not involving adjacent organs in the process.

Physiotherapy for sinusitis

Physiotherapy is an effective method of treating sinusitis, using which recovery occurs much faster. It is necessary to use physiotherapy in combination with medications. Physiotherapy includes the following techniques:

Electrophoresis. This is a physiotherapy procedure in which the body is exposed to constant electrical impulses.
UHF. This is physiotherapy, the essence of which is to influence the body of a high-frequency electromagnetic field.
UFO. The essence of the technique is reduced to exposure to ultraviolet radiation.

electrophoresis

When diagnosing inflammation of the sinuses, this kind of treatment allows you to speed up metabolism in the affected areas of the body, increase defensive forces and enhance the effect of medications.

When is a puncture scheduled?

A puncture is prescribed when diagnosing frontal sinusitis or sinusitis. Due to the puncture, it is possible to completely remove the mucopurulent contents. For a puncture with sinusitis, a local antibiotic is administered to the patient. And after the manipulation, the sinus of the nose is treated with an antiseptic solution.

Laser treatment of sinusitis

Laser treatment is a new and safe way to eliminate sinusitis. Laser therapy is devoid of the disadvantages that are characteristic of puncture. Before the procedure, the maxillary sinuses are washed with a solution that has antibacterial action. A red beam is directed into the nasal cavity of the patient. It passes along the walls of the sinuses, penetrates to a considerable depth and affects the affected area. Laser treatment helps to reduce swelling, pain and improve nasal breathing.

Non-traditional means

It is possible to cure a disease such as sinusitis with the help of folk methods. They should be used in tandem with conservative therapies for maximum results. If the sinuses become inflamed, then it is effective to use the following home methods:

"Star". Take a container with boiling water, add the Asterisk balm at the tip of the match. Bend over the container, cover yourself with a towel, inhale the vapors for 5-7 minutes.
For inhalation, you can use menthol, garlic. It is garlic that contains phytoncides. They work great for sinusitis.
If the mucous membrane of the nasal sinus becomes inflamed, then in the absence of an increase in temperature, hot compresses will do. For this, a boiled egg is suitable. Wrap it in cloth beforehand and apply it to the affected area. Keep until completely cool. Instead of an egg, you can use warm sand, salt.

Prevention

To prevent the development of pathology, you must adhere to the following tips:

Stop anatomical anomalies in the nasal cavity that prevent normal nasal breathing. This should include the curvature of the nasal septum, cystic formations.
Regularly sanitize oral cavity to prevent periodontitis in the area of the roots of the teeth, which are adjacent to the bottom of the maxillary sinus.
Regularly carry out activities to increase immunity. This should include sports, hardening, proper nutrition including more fruits and vegetables.

Sinusitis is a pathology that can affect all patients, regardless of age. It must be treated immediately after the first symptoms are detected. Absence adequate therapy will lead to the development severe consequences, one of which is the transition of the disease to a chronic form.

Inflammation of the sinuses, called sinusitis, most often begins with the fact that pathogens enter the nasal cavity and develop. Moreover, the inflammatory process can begin in different areas and, accordingly, the forms of the disease are different - from frontal sinusitis and sinusitis to sphenoiditis and sinusitis. Since the sinuses are next to each other, several forms are often diagnosed at once.

As for pathogenic microorganisms, these can be viruses, bacteria and even fungi. Perhaps the most “mild” course is inflammation, which has viral nature, however, at any time it can be complicated by a bacterial infection.

Inflammation of the sinuses is usually provoked by pathogenic microorganisms

Causes and factors

What causes inflammation of the sinuses? What contributes to this trouble? There are several factors that provoke the development of the described process:

regular bleeding from the nose;
colds;
diseases associated with teeth;
allergic reactions;
tobacco smoke;
deviated nasal septum;
traumatic injury;
inhalation of dry air.

Here is how the disease begins and develops:

Once the infection is ingested, the mucosa is best suited for its propagation.
The next site of distribution is the paranasal sinuses.
Inflammation starts.

Moreover, infectious agents feel good when all the conditions suitable for this are available for their development in the sinuses - for example, lack of oxygen.

Regular colds can lead to inflammation of the sinuses

Main symptoms

Inflammation of the sinuses can be suspected by observing the following symptoms:

nasal discharge (they usually have an extremely unpleasant odor), thick consistency and containing pus;
sharp pain if a person tilts his head;
temperature rise;
malaise;
runny nose;
red eyes;
cough.

Moreover, inflammatory processes in the sinuses have different courses:

Acute- with pronounced symptoms;
Chronic- the duration takes longer than a month (often it begins because the acute form is not cured in a timely manner and is neglected).

At the same time, one should not make such a diagnosis as inflammation of the sinuses to oneself. The signs may seem obvious, but it is possible to confuse the forms of sinusitis and start treating the wrong thing.

ENT can help treat inflammation of the sinuses

The right step in this case is to contact a qualified otolaryngologist who:

diagnoses a disease
define all its possible forms;
prescribe the appropriate treatment.

You can only assume the presence of an ailment, based on the observed symptoms, and give yourself first aid so as not to prolong the disease.

What other symptoms are there?

Among the symptoms of sinus inflammation, it is worth noting not only a feeling of heaviness in the head and breathing problems, but also:

abdominal distention;
flatulence;
weakening of the whole organism.

Almost every time the patient gets up from a lying position, he experiences severe dizziness.

Mucosal swelling leads to constant runny nose. There is a strong dryness in the throat (which leads to the development of cough syndrome). It seems as if the tongue is coated.

The mood can be panicky: there is often some kind of feeling of fear. Feels like tingling in arms and legs.

face (like lower limbs) swells, turns pale. The neck as well as the shoulders may hurt a little.

Changes associated with the mucosa depend on the nature of the inflammatory process in the sinuses: for example, in the case of the acute form, thickening of the mucosa occurs. The withdrawal of the secret is difficult, the vessels are full of blood. Accordingly, at first blood comes out, and then pus.

Most often, the temperature rises to subfebrile numbers, although it is possible to increase it to 39 degrees (in such cases, you can take antipyretics).

One of the symptoms of inflammation is fever.

If you lightly tap on the outside of the sinuses, it will hurt.

In the photo of discharge with a runny nose caused by an inflammatory process, their greenish color is noticeable.

Discharge with inflammation of the sinuses

By the way, to combat a runny nose in the described situation, you can not use vasoconstrictor drops! They only disrupt the motility of the mucosa and impair blood supply.

Diagnostics

Since the treatment of inflammation of the sinuses largely depends on the symptoms, special attention is paid to the correct diagnosis of the disease.

As a rule, diagnostic procedures involve the following steps:

visit to the ENT;
collecting anamnesis;
inspection;
diagnostic studies.

For example, a blood test will help you find out if there really is inflammation in the body. If yes, then the level of leukocytes will be elevated.

Computed tomography determines the general condition of the nasal cavity. Thus, the doctor diagnoses:

polyps;
the presence of liquid;
obstruction of the mouth;
development of pathological changes.

A blood test helps to identify the presence of inflammation in the body.

As for radiographic studies, it is used infrequently - only in acute cases. Usually, an x-ray photo is taken before the puncture of the sinuses, which is done to remove pus. The procedure is performed in a sitting position with preliminary local anesthesia(injection of sodium chloride with a puncture needle for washing and disinfection). After the procedure, the doctor prescribes antibiotics and / or stimulant drugs.

Medical treatment

The main treatment for inflammation of the sinuses is associated with taking medications. Tasks medical process should be like this:

remove puffiness;
remove accumulated mucus;
eliminate the inflammatory process.

If the nose is blocked, vasoconstrictors such as Nafazoline, Nazol or Oxymetazoline will help. But you can’t use such drops for more than a week, otherwise addiction may appear.

What is the treatment for sinusitis? Usually assigned to this combined medicines like Polydex or Isofra. They usually contain ingredients that:

fight harmful bacteria
relieve inflammation;
get rid of allergies.

Isofra is actively used in the treatment of sinusitis.

How to treat the inflammatory process caused by bacteria? For this purpose, antibiotic preparations of the penicillin series, such as Erythromycin or Cefuroxime, are used. If the course of the disease is acute, therapy will take about two weeks. And the chronicle will have to be fought for up to a month and even up to six weeks.

In no case do not prescribe such medicines to yourself. This is the prerogative of a qualified doctor.

And when such a therapeutic course is completed, you should drink probiotics, which:

improve intestinal microflora;
reduce negative impact antibiotics.

Sometimes the doctor prescribes antihistamines so that the inflammatory process is less intense. In this case, we can talk about Diazolin or Loratadine.

When the disease is started, in order to remove pus, they resort to a puncture. Thus, mucus is removed, and the nasal passages are cleared.

Illness in children

And what to do when inflammation of the paranasal sinuses is diagnosed in children?

It will also be possible to use vasoconstrictor drugs, only providing light action. For example, we can recall Rinofluimucil, as well as drugs such as Nazol Kids or For Nose.

help get rid of puffiness;
make the secret less thick;
relieve inflammation.

With regard to antibiotic drugs bacterial nature diseases, the doctor usually resorts to the appointment of Clarithromycin, Ceftriaxone or Spiramycin. When the form of the disease becomes severe, you have to use Amoxiclav or Amoxicillin.

Nazol Kids helps treat sinus inflammation in children

You can guess the bacterial nature of the disease by yellow-green discharge from the nasal cavity. However, only a pediatric otolaryngologist can deliver accurate diagnosis. If viruses were the cause of the inflammatory process, the use of antibiotics, on the contrary, turns out to be inappropriate (even harmful, as it will worsen immunity).

Complications

It must be understood that with incorrect or not started timely treatment of inflammation of the sinuses, serious complications are possible.

By the way, common cause such troubles become incorrect medication or worsened immunity. Weakness immune system increases the vulnerability of the body and creates conditions for the penetration of infectious agents into it. That is why it is important to know how to treat the described disease.

Most often, one has to deal with eye damage and the transition of inflammation of the paranasal sinuses to the brain (with subsequent intracranial complications):

The eyelids may become inflamed or swollen.
Soft meninges become inflamed.
The cavernous body may be prone to thrombosis.

If you begin to fight the inflammatory process already at the first symptoms, the chances of a speedy recovery and avoiding serious complications increase.

Perhaps the most severe complication of inflamed paranasal sinuses (in the absence of necessary treatment) turns out to be thrombosis. It threatens patients suffering from both acute and chronic illness. The inflammatory process first affects the frontal, as well as sphenoid sinuses, subsequently moving to the skull.

Thrombosis is considered the most severe complication of inflammation of the sinuses.

The rapid spread of the disease through the blood threatens with sepsis, which is unsafe for the health and even for the life of the patient. It will not work with medicine alone - the treatment of such a disease must necessarily be comprehensive.

Surgical intervention is also resorted to - but only as a last resort.

Although modern medicine can be safely called highly developed, with an inflamed cavernous body "no kidding." Such cases are rare, but with them there is a possibility of death.

home treatment

And how to treat the described disease at home? Is it real? Treatment with folk remedies is usually practiced as an additional one - in addition to the medicines prescribed by the doctor. It is advisable from the very beginning to discuss with the doctor those methods of "home" therapy that you plan to resort to.

Compresses help treat inflammation of the sinuses at home

First of all, inhalations help. With the help of inhalation procedures, the patient manages to alleviate his condition.

In addition, they help:

compresses;
instillation of herbal infusions into the nostrils;
washings.

This will not help defeat the infection, but it will relieve the tormenting symptoms.

In inhalation procedures, garlic is actively used:

A few garlic cloves are taken, peeled and crushed.
All this is poured with 120 milliliters of boiling water.
A little vinegar is added, after which it is mixed.
The head is covered with a terry towel.
Exhaling vapors must be inhaled for about 10 minutes.

And here is a recipe for washing, involving the use of onions:

A fine grater is used to grate the onion.
A little honey is added to the resulting mixture.
Everything is mixed and poured with 120 milliliters of boiling water.
The container is closed with a lid, after which it is infused for about 7 hours.
Then the solution must be filtered and used daily for washing.

If you rub the onion, pour vegetable oil and squeeze it all out using gauze, the resulting solution is instilled into the nostrils.

Have you heard about the benefits of aloe juice? All you need to do is cut off a leaf and squeeze some juice out of it. It is diluted in the same amount of water, after which it is instilled twice a day. The use of kolanchoe is allowed, but in this case twice as much water is added.

As for the compress, it will turn out to be prepared like this:

200 grams of spruce resin is taken and brought to a boil.
Then an onion, a little vegetable oil and vitriol are added.
Everything is mixed and then applied like a compress.

Aloe juice is useful in home treatment sinusitis

However, remember that sinus inflammation cannot be cured by treating the symptoms alone. It is necessary to act directly on the cause of the disease, that is, on the infection.

Sinusitis occupies the first positions in the lists of the most common diseases of the ENT organs. Treatment of pathology is complex, prescribed by a doctor and depends on the individual characteristics of the organism. In this article, we will consider the main points of therapy depending on the stage of the disease. In addition, we will touch on the inflammation of the sinuses and the main features of the treatment.

A little about the stages of the disease

Inflammation of the nasal mucosa and sinuses occurs through following scheme. Acute sinusitis begins with a virus that actively multiplies, causing reactive inflammation and severe swelling of the mucosa.

It has been proven that during a viral infection, the inner shell of the nose, which resembles parchment in thickness, thickens more than 20 times.

This greatly complicates breathing and the outflow of mucus from the nose and sinuses, which are predisposing factors for the development of the bacterial flora. Microbes thrive in thick secretions, and the lack of oxygen favorably affects their reproduction.

The staging of the process determines the treatment of the disease. In the first phase, drainage therapy is actively used. In the second phase ( purulent infection) are added to the scheme antibacterial drugs. We will talk in more detail about medicines for sinusitis below.

In the first phase of the disease, active washing of the nose with saline solutions is carried out. Suitable for this saline or sprays with sea water(Humer, Aquamaris). What effect do they have on the mucosa?

They thin the secret of the sinuses, help relieve swelling, reduce the activity of the inflammatory process. These drugs have a weak reflex action, i.e. contribute to the narrowing of blood vessels in the mucosa. Viral particles are removed with the fluid flow, foreign bodies and slime. Therefore, bacterial infection is prevented.

Adequately with sinusitis, saline solutions cannot. They cannot be used as monotherapy. However, these drugs greatly facilitate breathing, and a powerful spray jet allows you to deliver drops inside the sinuses.

Treatment of sinusitis should begin with saline solutions. They are harmless and non-toxic. This allows them to be used without restriction in adults and children.

Vasoconstrictor solutions

The only one reliable way to get rid of edema is to use vasoconstrictor drops for the nose. These drugs have both positive and negative sides. On the one hand, modern medicine helps to relieve swelling for 12 hours, which contributes to speedy recovery patient and reduce discomfort from the disease. On the other hand, when long-term use these drops are addictive (you can use them for no longer than 5-7 days), and when they are canceled, the “rebound” syndrome occurs.

Symptoms of "rebound" appear when you stop taking vasoconstrictor drops. The capillaries expand greatly, causing reflex edema and increased mucus secretion.

Despite the negative properties, these drops are necessarily included in the sinusitis treatment regimen. Only they reliably prevent swelling and improve drainage. With sinusitis, you can not do without them.

Mucolytics

As the infection progresses, the mucus in the sinuses becomes very thick. Such a secret does not go well, stagnates in the nose and becomes a habitat for microorganisms. Its evacuation with sinusitis is facilitated by mucolytic drugs. They make the mucus more liquid. In addition, drugs of this class help to improve the evacuation function of the epithelium.

The treatment of sinusitis is most often accompanied by the use of acetylcysteine (Fluimucin). Also available local forms drug combined with vasoconstrictor drops (Rinofluimucin, Fluimucil-antibiotic IT).

Treatment and evacuation of viscous mucus is possible with the help of herbal preparations. good properties possesses the medicine. Due to its natural composition, it rarely causes adverse reactions. However, its action is softer. Herbal mucolytics are good to use in children.

Mucolytics have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity. This favorably affects the course of the disease. With sinusitis with viscous thick mucus the appointment of mucolytics is mandatory.

Hormones

It is impossible to use vasoconstrictor drops for a long time. And the swelling of the nasal mucosa persists with sinusitis for a long time. Therefore, hormonal anti-inflammatory drops are used for adequate drainage of the sinuses. The advantage of these drugs is that local forms do not have a harmful systemic effect. Hormonal sprays are used even in children. Drops are safe, quickly suppress the inflammatory process, and are compatible with other medicines.

On the modern market there are drugs, Flixonase. Anti-inflammatory drops are available in the form of a spray. Treatment of sinusitis with hormonal sprays has a good result. Swelling and inflammation go away within 15 minutes, the effect lasts for a whole day.

Avamys and Nasonex are approved for use in children from 2 years of age. In some cases, the use of hormones is safer than vasoconstrictor drops.

Antibiotics: when?

When a bacterial infection joins, pus appears in the sinuses. This is the reason for the appointment of antibiotic therapy. What other symptoms indicate the need for antibiotics:

disease duration more than 10 days. If the disease drags on for a long time, then the bacterial flora is activated on the 9-10th day. Treatment should not be delayed, because the symptoms will progress.
yellow-green discharge from the sinuses. In the catarrhal stage, the secret was liquid and transparent, and a bacterial infection gives the secretions a yellow color. These symptoms are well known to patients with chronic sinus infections.
accession of fever and intoxication. The patient is weak and tired. He loses his appetite and the ability to work normally.
bacterial changes in the blood test (leukocytosis, increased ESR, formula shift to the left). After all, not only subjective symptoms, but also objective signs indicate a bacterial lesion.

Antibiotics: what?

How to start treatment for sinusitis and other inflammation of the sinuses?

The first line of antibiotics is penicillin series. Drugs such as amoxicillin are used. These drugs act quickly on pathogenic bacteria. They can be used in children. A wide variety of dosage forms allows you to choose the right dosage, ensure continuous administration of the drug.

In some cases, amoxicillin is not enough. Bacteria adapt easily and develop drug-resistant strains. This greatly complicates therapy. With chronic inflammation of the sinuses, with a disease in children from kindergartens, schools, boarding schools, the drug of choice is amoxiclav. This combination penicillin antibiotic with clavulanic acid. Thanks to it, the molecule of the substance becomes resistant to the action of bacterial enzymes.

With sinusitis with atypical flora (Chlamydia, Mycoplasmas), as well as with allergic reactions to penicillin, macrolides (Azithromycin, Erythromycin) can be used. Symptoms atypical infection slightly different from the usual course of the disease. However, the course of the disease is protracted, and the pathology is resistant to the usual antibacterial treatment. Macrolides are effective against bacteria and rarely cause resistance in microorganisms.

The main rule of antibiotic treatment is constant medical supervision. If the drug does not work in 2-3 days, it must be changed. Symptoms of sinusitis do not disappear, but progress.

The most common ENT diseases include inflammation of the sinuses (sinusitis), which occurs as a consequence of more complex forms of respiratory diseases.

With inflammation of the paranasal sinuses, a person’s breathing function becomes difficult, visual disturbances can occur, the timbre of the voice changes, and the moral and psychological state worsens.

Inflammation of the sinuses of the nose: symptoms. Clinical picture

One of the most common types of sinusitis is sinusitis. Usually the disease occurs in the cold season, it can develop both in adults and in children.

However, there are a number of signs that always accompany the course of the disease. They have much in common with the symptoms of the common cold. Among them should be highlighted:

congestion and mucous discharge from the nose with a fetid odor, sometimes mixed with pus and blood;
headache;
fever, chills;
pressing pain in the temples, eyes, forehead;
shortness of breath, deterioration of smell and taste sensations;
noise and congestion in the ears;
swelling of the mucous membranes;
general weakness.

Manifestations of pain sensations depend on the localization of the pathological process. If the sinuses and head are blocked and hurt, the patient may have diagnosed with inflammation of the frontal sinus. At the same time, he is disturbed by photophobia, sharp pains in the eyes, displacement of the eyeball.

With inflammation of the ethmoid labyrinth, the patient develops swelling of the eyelids, impaired sense of smell, his sinuses are clogged.

A photo

Inflammation of the sinuses can occur due to a tooth, more precisely as a result of caries or stomatitis. Pain in the sinuses, coming from the teeth, occurs due to their pathological changes.

In some cases, sinusitis is allergic in nature. In this case, the patient develops mucous discharge from the nose, severe sneezing, itching, headache and general weakness.

Why do the sinuses hurt: what can be?

Determining the cause of inflammation of the paranasal sinuses is of paramount importance, since the methods of treating the pathology depend on it. The following factors should be highlighted:

1 Viral diseases

2 Bacterial infections

Penetration against the background of reduced immunity of pathogenic microorganisms that cause coughing, congestion and discharge, headache. Sinusitis of bacterial origin can develop as a result of untreated teeth.

3 Fungal lesions

Sinusitis can occur as a complication of previous diseases in debilitated, elderly patients, against the background of other chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, AIDS.

Inflammation of the sinuses occurs as a result of a negative interaction with a certain allergen.
Source: website

5 Injuries

Swelling, pain under the eye, headache can be symptoms that accompany fractures and bruises of the nose, as well as unsuccessful operations in the nose area. and the disease itself proceeds without a runny nose.

The disease can develop in acute and chronic form. In the first case, its symptoms are pronounced. In the absence of adequate treatment, the disease takes on chronic forms.

The child has

Sinusitis in children can occur for the same reasons as in adults. Most often, it is the result of a complication of viral and bacterial diseases, it may be the result of chronic tonsillitis, adenoids, polyps.

In children, inflammation of the sinuses can occur due to foreign objects entering the nasal passages. In infants, inflammation often accompanies the process of teething, when the body becomes more sensitive and prone to disease.

The child has a deterioration in appetite and sleep, he becomes restless, irritable, refuses to breastfeed.

Swelling of the sinuses

It occurs due to dilated blood vessels and increased blood flow. Swollen mucous membranes interfere with normal nasal breathing, worsen the supply of oxygen to the brain.

In addition to infectious irritants, edema can be triggered by exposure to various household and industrial allergens. These include dust particles, pesticides, detergents.

Prolonged use of vasoconstrictor drops also negatively affects the condition of the mucous membranes. Edema is a mandatory consequence of the transferred rhinoplasty.

In debilitated patients, swelling of the nose without pus may occur during a long stay in a room with increased dryness of the air or after bathing in cold water, walking without a hat in the cold season.

When should you see a doctor?

In order to prevent serious complications, it is necessary to visit a doctor for any negative symptoms, especially when pus appears in the sinuses, fever, severe headache.

In children, the reason to see a doctor should be restless behavior of the baby, breathing through the mouth, poor sleep and refusal to eat.

What diagnostics will be required?

The treatment of inflammation of the sinuses is carried out by the therapist and. When making a diagnosis, a general examination of the patient is carried out, his complaints are listened to. Other diagnostic measures include:

carrying out laboratory tests;
contrast radiography according to indications;
puncture of sinus discharge and its laboratory analysis.

After establishing the cause of the inflammation, treatment begins.

Inflammation of the sinuses: treatment. Therapy Options

Pathology treatment methods are prescribed depending on the form of the disease, taking into account the general condition of the patient, his age, the presence of other chronic diseases.

In any case, therapy should be comprehensive. It includes drug therapy and various therapeutic procedures.

How to treat sinusitis besides medication? Physiotherapeutic procedures give a good therapeutic effect. These include electrophoresis, UVI, UHF.

How to treat the sinuses of the nose with medications?

With a runny nose, the presence of pus in the sinuses, the following groups of drugs are indicated:

antibacterial- a properly selected antibiotic eliminates the symptoms of bacterial sinusitis and promotes a quick recovery (Amoxicillin, Ampicillin, Isofra, Bioparox);
- relieve puffiness, improve breathing, eliminate congestion (Otrivin, Nazol, Nazivin);
washing solutions- free the nasal passages from accumulated mucus (Aqualor, Aquamaris);
anti-inflammatory drugs- eliminate swelling and pain, improve breathing (Erispal, Sinupret);
mucolytics - dilute the purulent contents, accelerate its removal to the outside (Acetylcysteine);
immunomodulating agents- improve the general condition of the body, strengthen the immune system.

How to relieve congestion in allergic sinusitis? For treatment, antihistamines are prescribed - Loratadin, Cetrin, Zirtek.

Procedures

For the procedure, a vacuum suction with a reservoir is used. The liquid coming through the syringe washes out accumulated mucus, particles of dust and dirt, and blood clots from the nasal passages.

Many patients, especially children, do not like the procedure. Cuckoo is contraindicated in patients suffering from epilepsy, mental disorders, blood clotting disorders.

It is not given to children under 5 years of age. The cuckoo is not effective in severe forms of inflammation of the sinuses.

Another method of cleansing the paranasal sinuses is the Yamik catheter. It is also used for mild forms of inflammation. After the contents are removed, the medicine is administered.

It can be antibacterial or mucolytic agents. To consolidate success, this procedure must be completed 5-6 times.

The use of the Yamik catheter is prohibited in case of frequent nosebleeds, epilepsy, and also in old age. The procedure is not contraindicated for children, but before it is carried out, the child will need psychological preparation.

Surgical treatment

What to do if antibiotic therapy and other treatments do not give the desired results? These patients usually require surgery. The operation is carried out in the following cases:

inflammation has become chronic, the patient has suffered more than three cases of sinusitis during the year;
sinus blockage has been established;
a course of antibiotics and other drugs and physiological procedures did not work;
the disease is complicated by the presence of a curvature of the nasal septum;
there is a high risk of complications of the disease.

During the operation, the surgeon removes the infected and inflamed tissue, polyps in the nose and sinuses.

Inflammatory processes can be caused by the presence of a benign formation - a cyst. In this case, surgical treatment is also carried out.
The advantages of surgical treatment are great: its implementation frees a person from a chronic disease. The patient's sense of smell improves, the problem with shortness of breath is eliminated.

If the operation is refused, therapy is continued with the use of medications and physiotherapy procedures.

Treatment with folk remedies

Traditional medicine has a number of effective remedies that successfully eliminate the main signs of inflammation of the sinuses. However, such treatment will be effective only in the initial, uncomplicated stages of the disease.

Here are examples of the most commonly used well-known folk remedies:

This method has proven itself in the treatment of cough, but it is no less effective in inflammatory processes. You need to cut off the tip from the radish, take out a small amount of pulp and fill the void with honey. The resulting juice is dripped into the nasal passages 4-6 times a day.

Inhalation vapors of garlic. A few cloves of garlic must be thoroughly crushed, placed in a container and inhaled garlic vapor for several minutes. Vapors emit phytoncides - a natural antibiotic.

propolis solution. A few drops of the finished propolis tincture are mixed with boiled water and the nasal passages are washed with the resulting mixture several times a day.

It is also not recommended to fully rely on the effectiveness of folk remedies, they can only be used as an additional method of treatment in complex therapy.

What are the possible complications? What is dangerous?

Very often sinusitis is complicated by otitis media. The disease is accompanied by congestion and pain in the ear, and in severe cases, the release of pus.

Other complications include conjunctivitis, optic neuritis, orbital periostitis. The most dangerous complication of sinusitis is sepsis. With a weakened immune system, a purulent focus can spread to other internal organs.

The sinuses of the nose can become inflamed as a result of infection in the respiratory tract. This inflammation of the sinuses is called sinusitis. According to statistics, about 15% of adults suffer from one form or another of sinusitis (one of them is sinusitis, that is, inflammation of the paranasal sinuses). Most often, treatment is carried out at home, but sometimes the patient needs hospitalization (20% of the total number of cases). When the first symptoms of the disease appear, you should immediately consult a doctor.

Causes and types of sinusitis

The most common form of sinusitis is sinusitis, less often - ethmoiditis associated with inflammation of the lattice cells (in children it is more common than sinusitis). There is also frontal sinusitis - inflammation of the frontal sinus, dangerous because the pathological processes proceed too close to the brain tissues.

Sinusitis manifests itself various symptoms. A characteristic sign is the appearance of purulent discharge. But sinusitis without a runny nose is no less dangerous. The disease can occur in both acute and chronic forms. Inflammatory processes affect several sinuses at once - this condition is called polysinusitis. Sometimes inflammation is observed in all sinuses and from all sides - pansinusitis.

Causes of inflammation of the paranasal sinuses are usually viral and bacterial infections. First, a person becomes ill with parainfluenza (a viral infection). A runny nose appears, due to the abundant secretion of mucus, the ventilation of the paranasal sinuses is disturbed. The pressure in them becomes lower than atmospheric, and a certain amount of mucus penetrates there, which is very difficult to remove. Thus, ideal conditions are created for the reproduction of pathogenic microorganisms, and as a result, a bacterial infection joins the virus. This is how acute sinusitis occurs. In the chronic form, the mechanism of development is different.

The development of pathology is influenced by the anatomy of the nasal cavity itself, more precisely, the presence of violations in it. Septal curvature (congenital, acquired as a result of trauma) often leads to sinusitis. Sometimes the cause is the structure of the inferior turbinates. If they are enlarged, chronic rhinitis may develop, which serves as an obstacle to the normal passage of air flow. Favorable factors for the development of chronic sinusitis are a polyp or cyst, enlarged adenoids, other anatomical abnormalities, reduced immunity, the presence of inflammatory infections in the body.

Sometimes viral infection enters the sinuses through the blood. This is possible with diseases such as scarlet fever, measles, diphtheria, etc. In 10% of cases, sinusitis without snot occurs in cases where an infection from the oral cavity enters the sinuses due to inflammatory diseases roots of teeth.

Symptoms

Inflammation of the mucosa is accompanied characteristic features. Most often, there is facial pain and a feeling of pressure, a runny nose, a greenish or yellow liquid appears, which indicates the addition of a bacterial infection. Facial pain is aggravated by bending the head forward or by simple movement.

The main symptoms of the disease:

nasal congestion;
the appearance of bad breath;
cough, accompanied by the release of viscous mucus;
high fever and fever, often headaches;
deterioration of smell, loss of sense of taste.

When only the sinuses are involved in the process, the pain is usually localized in these areas. But sometimes it occurs around the eyes (i.e. inflammation affects the sinuses ethmoid bone). Headache in the forehead, which is felt above the eyebrows, is usually caused by frontal sinusitis - inflammation of the frontal sinus.

In order to make the correct diagnosis, one examination is not enough. Most often, an x-ray of the paranasal sinuses is done, including using contrast agents(if necessary). May prescribe endoscopic examinations, MRI and diagnostic puncture sinuses. But x-ray studies are informative and accessible. MRI and CT allow you to better assess the condition of the mucosa, but are carried out only when it is necessary to clarify the X-ray data.

According to the results of the examination, it may be found that the sinuses are pneumatized to a reduced degree. But pneumatization itself is not a diagnosis.

Treatment

Treatment of sinusitis is aimed at both relieving the symptoms of the disease and eliminating the underlying cause of its occurrence. It includes etiotropic, pathogenetic and symptomatic therapy.

Etiotropic technique - treatment with antibacterial agents. Suitable drugs are selected to eliminate all pathogens - streptococcus, Haemophilus influenzae, etc.

Since sinusitis is also caused by pneumococcus, doctors often prescribe drugs to combat this particular infection. Amoxicillin, Clarithromycin, some drugs from the class of fluoroquinolones are prescribed.

At home, the disease is most often treated with pills. But when the patient is hospitalized, antibiotic injections are also prescribed.

Pathogenetic treatment is aimed at restoring normal ventilation and drainage of the paranasal sinuses, which must be cleared of purulent contents, often requiring liquefaction of the secret accumulated there. It can be done various methods, for example, puncture. However, this method is extremely unpleasant and painful, causing quite serious complications, including damage to the internal nasal structures.

Symptomatic treatment is aimed at eliminating swelling and pain. If there is abundant mucous discharge, it is necessary to use vasoconstrictors, the so-called decongestants. They will help normalize mucus secretion and improve its excretion (Otrivin, Nazivin, etc.). But such funds can not be used for a long time. Maximum duration course is 5-10 days. After that, it is recommended to use antiseptic solutions, among which Miramistin and Octenisept have proven themselves best.

Glucocorticosteroids are also used to treat sinusitis. They usually complement antibiotic therapy. Such medicines should not be taken for a long time, but with a disease, the duration of therapy is at least 14 days (sometimes up to 30). Combined drugs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as Paracetamol and Ibuprofen are used. They relieve pain and inflammation.

If everyone conservative methods turned out to be ineffective, then surgical intervention. It is the only effective method for the treatment of polyps, it is also used for cystic and purulent forms diseases. Least traumatic operational method- endoscopy - it is also used to diagnose the disease. After recovery, an examination should be carried out every three months.

The sinuses perform several important functions: they protect the brain and eyeballs from mechanical and thermal effects, participate in the formation of the voice, ensure normal breathing, warming, purifying and moistening the air.

If inflammation of the paranasal sinuses begins (the scientific name is sinusitis, since the sinuses are otherwise called sinuses), the performance of these functions is seriously hampered. In order to prevent serious complications and health problems, you should notice the symptoms in time, determine the cause and relieve inflammation.

The reasons

It is very important to find out the cause of sinusitis, as treatment will depend on it. Symptoms of the disease can occur for several reasons:

Viruses. Symptoms of viral sinusitis are common manifestations of SARS, so the onset of the disease does not make it possible to suspect inflammation of the sinuses. Treatment of this form of the disease involves taking antiviral drugs, vasoconstrictors, nasal lavage and inhalation. Antibiotics will not help in this case, as they do not fight viruses.
bacteria. This form inflammation can occur as a result of a common cold caused by a virus, or as a result of untreated teeth (bacteria from a diseased tooth penetrate into maxillary sinuses). Symptoms of bacterial sinusitis are quite difficult to tolerate: there is fever, headache, purulent discharge, severe cough. Treatment for inflammation due to bacteria includes antibiotics. If the reason bacterial inflammation bad teeth have become, you need to visit a dentist and get rid of the root cause.
Fungus. If a person takes antibiotics uncontrollably, fungal sinusitis can develop. Most often, these problems are observed in people with weak immunity, elderly people with AIDS and diabetes. Take antibiotics with caution, especially when treating a child, and only with the permission of a doctor. Symptoms of fungal inflammation differ primarily in the quality of nasal discharge: they are green, brown or black mucus. Treatment requires the use of antifungal agents.
Allergy. Allergic sinusitis develops in response to swelling of the nasal mucosa after an allergic reaction. Treatment of this form of the disease involves the elimination of the action of the allergen and the use of antihistamines. Antibiotics are useless in this case.
Injuries. If inflammation of the sinuses occurs after an injury (fracture or contusion of the nose, displacement of part of the bone or unsuccessful operation), it is necessary to eliminate the consequences of the injury. Inflammation of the sinuses after due surgical treatment usually passes.

Also, inflammation of the paranasal sinuses in an adult and a child can contribute to the curvature of the nasal septum, congenital disorders structures of the nasal cavity, nasal polyps and some other factors.

Signs of inflammation and diagnosis

The main symptoms of inflammation of the sinuses are:

runny nose,
nasal congestion,
headache (localization depends on the site of inflammation),
rise in temperature to 38 degrees,
coughing and sneezing,
thick nasal discharge
bad breath,
nasty voice.

If the sinus of the ethmoid labyrinth is inflamed in a child, then visible symptoms: the eyeball is shifted to the side and the eyelids swell. These symptoms are due to the fact that in a small child, the wall between the sinus of the nose and the eye socket is not fully formed.

Difficulties in making a diagnosis most often relate to manifestations in a young child, especially a newborn. If you can ask older children where and how they feel pain, then in infants you need to monitor common symptoms: tearfulness, loss of appetite, moodiness, poor sleep, weight loss, etc.

To diagnose inflammation, the method of computed tomography is used, which is more informative than x-ray studies. With its help, you can see the presence of fluid in the sinus, neoplasms that have appeared, the patency of the mouth between the nasal cavity and the sinus, etc. For a clear diagnosis of the disease, microbiological research separated to determine the causative agent of the disease.

Varieties of the disease

Before starting treatment for sinusitis, it is necessary to determine the form and type of the disease. Both adults and children can develop any type of sinusitis.

Inflammation of the sinuses is acute, when all the symptoms are pronounced, and chronic, when periods of exacerbations and remissions alternate.

Most often, chronic inflammation develops if, in the acute form of the disease, the treatment was incorrect or completely absent. That is why it is necessary to contact specialists as soon as the first symptoms of sinusitis are noticed.

Chronic inflammation mainly affects the maxillary sinuses, least often seen in frontal sinuses.

According to the form of the disease, exudative and productive inflammation. According to the type of discharge (exudative form), purulent, serous or catarrhal sinusitis. Of the productive forms in which neoplasms are formed, parietal-hyperplastic (mucosal tissue grows) and polyposis (polyps are formed) inflammations are known.

Depending on the localization of inflammation, 4 variants of the disease are distinguished:

sinusitis (inflammation concerns the maxillary or maxillary sinuses),
frontal sinusitis (inflammation in the frontal sinuses),
ethmoiditis (inflammation develops in the ethmoid sinuses - cells of the ethmoid labyrinth),
sphenoiditis (sphenoid sinus suffers).

Most severe course the disease is observed with inflammation of the frontal sinuses: there is an unbearable headache and pain in the eyes, especially in the morning. If the treatment of the inflammatory process in the frontal sinuses is not started in time, meningitis or a brain abscess may develop.

Therapy Options

The treatment of sinus inflammation has several goals: elimination of infection, reduction of symptoms and prevention of complications. There are several treatment options: medications (particularly antibiotics), surgery, and supportive care. If conservative methods of treatment do not work, you need to either select other drugs and procedures, or resort to surgery.

Choice necessary medicines determined by the origin of the disease. When the cause of the disease is determined, the doctor prescribes antibiotics, antiviral or antifungal drugs, antihistamines, etc. Additionally, vasoconstrictor sprays or drops may be prescribed, but they must be used with caution, especially when treating a child, since they cause dryness of the mucosa. Longer than 3-4 days, such funds should not be used.

In some cases drug treatment does not allow to restore the patency of the nasal passages, remove mucus and normalize the ventilation of the sinuses. In these situations, resort to surgical operations. The most optimal are endoscopic operations when endoscope and microinstruments are used. These operations allow not to make surgical incisions, but to penetrate into the sinuses through natural openings, and avoid many complications.

Also, the patient must follow some rules that are provided for by adjuvant therapy:

drink plenty of fluids
stop smoking,
eat properly,
monitor the humidity in the room.

There are some folk methods treatment of inflammation in the sinuses, but you should not rely only on them. It is impossible to clearly identify the causative agent of sinusitis on your own, and therefore, by some means, you can seriously harm your health. In any case, you first need to visit an otolaryngologist, go through all the diagnostic procedures, and only then, together with the doctor, determine whether there is any point in additional measures and what they might be.

One of the causes of inflammation of the sinuses is sinusitis, which must be treated under the supervision of a doctor. How to treat sinusitis, medical specialists will tell in the program of Elena Malysheva "Health":