Serous lymphadenitis treatment. General principles of treatment of submandibular lymphadenitis. How to treat lymphadenitis in children

Lymphocytes are a type of leukocytes - the so-called white blood cells that provide immunity ( protection of the body from various external and internal influences ). Lymphocytes are produced in the red bone marrow, which is located inside the bones of the body ( in the bones of the pelvis, vertebrae, ribs, sternum and other). From the bone marrow, immature forms of lymphocytes are released into the bloodstream, which enter the spleen, where the processes of their differentiation end.

Lymph

A certain proportion of proteins and about 10% of the fluid from the intercellular space does not return to the circulatory system, but enters the lymphatic capillaries. In this way, lymph is formed, which, in addition to proteins and plasma, contains various trace elements, fats and carbohydrates, as well as cellular elements (predominantly lymphocytes).

Lymphatic vessels

The efferent lymphatic vessels emerge from the lymph nodes, which also merge to form large lymphatic trunks and ducts. They transport lymphatic fluid to large veins organism, thus returning to the systemic circulation.

In the human body, there are several large lymphatic ducts:

• thoracic lymphatic duct – collects lymph from the legs, pelvic organs, abdominal cavity and left side of the chest.
• Left subclavian trunk - collects lymph from the left arm.
• Left jugular trunk - collects lymph from the left half of the head and neck.
• Right lymphatic duct It is formed by the fusion of several lymphatic trunks and collects lymph from the right half of the head, neck, right half of the chest and right arm.

The lymph nodes

Lymphocytes are formed in the lymph nodes, starting from the period of embryonic development. Their main function is to recognize foreign agents ( viruses, fragments of bacteria and their toxins, tumor cells, and so on) and activation of other defense systems of the body aimed at neutralizing them.

Lymph entering the lymph nodes slowly seeps through narrow slit-like spaces called sinuses. Thus, it is cleansed of various foreign bodies, and contact between foreign agents and lymphocytes is also ensured.

main function lymph nodes is to prevent the spread of pathological processes in the body. This is realized due to the presence of several groups of lymph nodes, in which lymph is filtered from various parts of the body. They are located in such a way as to become an obstacle to infectious processes and prevent foreign antigens from entering various organs and tissues.

The main groups of lymph nodes in the human body are:

• lymph nodes of the head and neck cervical, submandibular, occipital and others);
• lymph nodes of the chest cavity;
• lymph nodes of the abdomen and abdomen mesenteric, iliac, pelvic);
• lymph nodes of the lower extremities inguinal, popliteal);
• upper limb lymph nodes axillary, elbow).

The development of the inflammatory process in the lymph node

In the lymph nodes, foreign antigens interact with lymphocytes, as a result of which the latter are activated and begin to produce specific antibodies - an inflammatory process develops. A large number of other types of leukocytes enter the lymph node from the bloodstream, which contribute to the development of inflammation and the destruction of foreign substances.

Causes of lymphadenitis

Depending on the type of infection, lymphadenitis can be:

• non-specific;
• specific.

Nonspecific lymphadenitis

The causes of nonspecific lymphadenitis can be:

• Bacteria and their toxins. A bacterium is a living cell that can exist and multiply in various organs. human body, hitting them. Inflammation of the lymph nodes may be due to the ingestion of staphylococcus, streptococcus, coli and many other microorganisms. Some of them in the course of their life activity ( or after their death) release certain toxic substances that can also cause lymphadenitis.
• Viruses. Viruses are small fragments of nucleic acids - DNA ( deoxyribonucleic acid) or RNA ( ribonucleic acid), which can only reproduce inside living cells. In the cells of the human body, nucleic acids are contained in the nucleus and are responsible for the processes of cell growth, the performance of specific functions, as well as for the storage and transmission of genetic information. When infected with a virus, its DNA is introduced into the genetic apparatus of the host cell, as a result of which it begins to produce new viral particles. When an infected cell is destroyed, the newly formed viruses are released into the surrounding tissues and infect neighboring cells. Part of the viral fragments seeps into the lymphatic capillaries, lingering in the regional lymph nodes and causing the development of an inflammatory process in them.
• Mushrooms. Fungi are a special class of microorganisms similar to bacteria that can grow in the human body. Science knows many types of mushrooms ( yeast, mold and so on). Some of them are dangerous to humans and, if ingested, can cause the development of various diseases ( mycoses). Others are normal inhabitants of the skin and mucous membranes and acquire pathogenic properties only when the functions of the immune system are impaired - for example, with AIDS ( acquired immune deficiency syndrome).

Specific lymphadenitis

The cause of specific lymphadenitis can be:

• mycobacterium tuberculosis;
• pale treponema ( the causative agent of syphilis);
• plague wand ( plague agent);
• actinomycete ( pathogenic fungus, causative agent of actinomycosis);
• brucella ( brucellosis pathogens);
• tularemia bacteria ( causative agents of tularemia).

Types of lymphadenitis

Depending on the rate of development of the inflammatory process, there are:

• Acute lymphadenitis. It develops as a result of damage to the lymph nodes by a highly virulent infection. It is characterized by rapid and pronounced inflammation of the lymph nodes, often against the background of general manifestations. infectious process (fever, general weakness, headaches and muscle pain). Without appropriate treatment, acute lymphadenitis can turn into a purulent form, which will eventually lead to purulent melting of the lymph node and damage to surrounding tissues ( development of an abscess or adenophlegmon).
• Chronic lymphadenitis. It develops when infected with a weakly virulent infection or is the outcome of an untreated acute lymphadenitis, when the inflammatory process takes a protracted course. Also, quite often, specific lymphadenitis is characterized by a chronic course ( tuberculous, syphilitic).

Depending on the nature of the inflammatory process, there are:

• catarrhal ( simple) lymphadenitis. It is typical for the initial stage of the disease. Violation of the permeability of the capillaries in the inflamed lymph node leads to the fact that the liquid part of the blood leaves the vascular bed and impregnates the tissue of the lymph node. There is also a moderate migration of leukocytes to the focus of inflammation.
• Hyperplastic lymphadenitis. It is a later stage in the development of the disease and is characterized by growth ( hyperplasia) lymphocytes in the inflamed lymph node, as well as a pronounced infiltration of leukocytes ( neutrophils, eosinophils and other cells).
• Purulent lymphadenitis. Is last stage development of bacterial lymphadenitis, when suppuration and purulent destruction of the lymph node occurs. The outcome of this form of the disease may be the formation of an abscess ( confined space filled with pus) or development of adenophlegmon ( diffuse purulent process that extends far beyond the primary focus of infection).

Causes of lymphadenitis in various areas

If regional lymph nodes do not cope with their barrier function ( with a severe infectious disease or as a result of a weakening of the body's defenses), infectious agents can enter the systemic circulation and spread to other organs and tissues, which can lead to the development of generalized lymphadenitis ( inflammation various groups lymph nodes throughout the body).

Causes of submandibular lymphadenitis

The organs from which lymph flows into the submandibular lymph nodes are:

• skin and soft tissues of the face lower eyelids, cheeks, nose, lips, chin);
• oral cavity ( mucous membrane of the palate, back of the tongue);
• gums and teeth;
• submandibular and sublingual salivary glands.

The reasons submandibular lymphadenitis

Causes of cervical lymphadenitis

There are several groups of lymph nodes in the neck area:

• Surface. They collect lymph from the skin and soft tissues of the neck and head ( except for muscles).
• Deep. They drain lymph from the internal organs of the neck ( from the pharynx, larynx, trachea, upper esophagus, thyroid gland, and neck muscles), as well as from the nasal cavity, mouth, ear and other organs. In addition, the leading lymphatic vessels from the submandibular and other smaller lymph nodes of the head and neck flow into them. Therefore, all of the above infectious processes can cause cervical lymphadenitis ( in violation of the barrier function of the submandibular lymph nodes).

• Fungal diseases of the scalp- trichophytosis ( ringworm), microsporia, scab.
• Otitis - inflammation of the ear caused by pathogenic microorganisms ( pneumococci, staphylococci).
• Tonsillitis - inflammation of the lymphoid formations of the oral cavity ( tonsils) caused by the ingress of pathogenic bacteria or viruses into them.
• Pharyngitis - infectious inflammation of the mucous membrane of the pharynx.
• Rhinitis - inflammation of the nasal mucosa.
• Sinusitis - inflammation of one or more paranasal sinuses - maxillary ( sinusitis), frontal ( frontitis), wedge-shaped ( sphenoiditis) and lattice labyrinth (ethmoiditis).
• Infectious thyroiditis - inflammation caused by viruses or bacteria thyroid gland.
• Infectious mononucleosis - a viral disease in which there is a primary lesion of the cervical, and subsequently other groups of lymph nodes.
• Rubella - a systemic viral disease that develops when the pathogen enters the body through the mucous membranes respiratory tract (by airborne droplets), which leads to inflammation of the cervical, and subsequently other groups of lymph nodes.
• adeno viral infection – a group of colds of the upper respiratory tract caused by adenoviruses.
• Flu - acute respiratory viral infection ( SARS) caused by the influenza virus.
• Festering wounds of the head and neck.

Causes of axillary lymphadenitis

The cause of inflammation of the axillary lymph nodes can be:

• Purulent-inflammatory diseases of the skin of the upper limb - furuncle, carbuncle, hydradenitis of the axillary sweat glands, impetigo, erysipelas ( described earlier).
• Suppuration of cuts and abrasions in the arms, chest and upper abdomen.
• Fungal lesions skin- sporotrichosis, trichophytosis, microsporia.
• Osteomyelitis of the bones of the hand inflammatory process caused by pyogenic microorganisms and affecting bone tissue.
• Panaritium - purulent-inflammatory process of the soft tissues of the fingers, which can spread to tendons, bones and joints.
• Mastitis - inflammatory disease mammary gland in women, most often occurring during breastfeeding.

Causes of inguinal lymphadenitis

All infectious diseases of the skin, soft tissues and bones described earlier can cause inflammation of the inguinal lymph nodes if lymph flows from the area of ​​​​the body in which the focus of infection is located.

The cause of inflammation of the inguinal lymph nodes can also be:

• Gonorrhea - an infectious disease caused by gonococcus, which is sexually transmitted and is characterized by purulent inflammation of the mucous membranes of the external genital organs ( predominantly in men, very rarely in women).
• Balanoposthitis - inflammation of the skin of the glans penis and foreskin caused by various infectious agents ( usually in case of non-compliance with the rules of personal hygiene).
• Colpitis - infectious inflammation of the mucous membrane of the vagina.
• Vulvit - infectious inflammation of the external female genital organs.

Symptoms of lymphadenitis in various areas

Symptoms of submandibular lymphadenitis

Symptoms of submandibular lymphadenitis are:

• Enlarged submandibular lymph nodes. To the touch ( palpation) they are defined as dense, painful formations round or oval, located in the submandibular region on one or both sides, not soldered to the surrounding tissues ( move easily under the skin from side to side). The sizes of lymph nodes vary from a few millimeters in the initial stage to several centimeters in the hyperplastic stage of the disease. Quite often, inflamed lymphatic vessels are palpated in the submandibular region - dense, thin, thread-like structures extending from the inflamed lymph node.
• Pain. In the initial stage of the disease, there may be mild pain on palpation of the submandibular region. As the disease progresses, the pain intensifies and accompanies any movement of the jaw ( when talking, while eating) may also appear at rest.
• Change in the skin. AT initial stages the skin over the lymph nodes may not be changed. As the inflammatory process develops, redness and swelling of the skin over the focus of inflammation and in the surrounding area is noted ( which is due to the expansion and increase in the permeability of small vessels). noted local boost temperature ( 1 to 2 degrees compared to normal skin ).
• Suppuration of the lymph nodes ( develops with a bacterial infection). In the purulent stage, the lymph nodes fuse with each other and with the surrounding tissues, turning into dense, almost immobile formations. The skin over the focus of inflammation is bright red, tense, swollen. There is a pronounced pain on palpation and at rest, which limits the movement of the lower jaw and neck.
• Systemic manifestations. When the infection spreads beyond the lymph nodes, there is a general increase in body temperature up to 38 - 40ºС, general weakness, drowsiness, muscle pain, headaches.

Symptoms of cervical lymphadenitis

Symptoms of cervical lymphadenitis are:

• Enlarged cervical lymph nodes. They can be determined on the front or side of the neck, above the collarbone. When palpated, they are characterized by the same signs as the inflamed submandibular nodes ( described above). With inflammation of the superficial lymph nodes, inflamed lymphatic vessels can be palpated.
• Pain. There is pain on palpation, while turning the head, when talking, while chewing and swallowing food.
• Change in the skin. With cervical lymphadenitis, swelling and swelling of the skin in the focus of inflammation, as well as beyond it, is noted. With the development purulent form the skin becomes red, on its surface small breakthroughs of pus can be determined. General symptoms at the same time, they are strongly pronounced - there is an increase in body temperature up to 40ºС, weakness, sleep disturbance, headaches.
• Restriction of movements. Associated with pain syndrome that develops on late stages diseases - with any turn or tilt of the head, the patient experiences a strong sharp pain in the area of ​​inflammation. In addition, a pronounced increase in deep lymph nodes can lead to compression of various organs of the neck - vocal cords, trachea, esophagus, large vessels, which will be manifested by the corresponding symptoms ( voice change, difficulty breathing, difficulty swallowing food).

Symptoms of axillary lymphadenitis

Symptoms of axillary lymphadenitis are:

• Enlarged lymph nodes in the armpit. More often one is determined, less often - several enlarged lymph nodes. Their palpation characteristics do not differ from lymphadenitis in other areas. Inflamed lymphatic vessels may be seen ( with inflammation of the superficial lymph nodes).
• Pain. There is severe pain in the axillary region, which can spread to the shoulder area and the lateral surface of the chest from the affected side. The patient often takes a forced position of the body with the hand laid aside, which reduces pressure on the inflamed lymph nodes and somewhat reduces pain syndrome.
• Changes in the skin in the armpit. With inflammation axillary nodes skin color over them long time may remain unchanged. Only with the development of a purulent process, the skin acquires a purple-red color, becomes edematous, tense.
• Impaired hand movements. The pain is aggravated by touching the area of ​​the inflamed lymph nodes and by moving the hand, which may limit the daily activity of the patient. Also, movements can be limited as a result of a pronounced increase in axillary lymph nodes, reaching several centimeters in diameter.
• Swelling of the hands on the affected side. May occur as a result of squeezing by enlarged lymph nodes of large veins of the shoulder and axillary region. In this case, the outflow of fluid from the upper limb is difficult, it leaves the vascular bed and impregnates the surrounding tissues, leading to the development of edema.
• Violation of sensitivity in the hand on the side of the lesion. This symptom may appear in case of a pronounced increase in axillary lymph nodes. This will lead to compression of the nerve trunks passing in the axillary and shoulder regions, which may manifest as paresthesia ( tingling sensation, crawling on the skin) in the area of ​​the hand on the side of the lesion, a violation of sensitivity, pain and various motor disorders.

Symptoms of inguinal lymphadenitis

Symptoms of inguinal lymphadenitis are:

• Enlarged lymph nodes in the groin. Enlarged lymph nodes are located in the region of the inguinal ligament and can reach several centimeters in diameter. Palpation characteristics do not differ from lymphadenitis in other areas.
• Pain. Inguinal lymphadenitis is characterized by severe pain both in the focus of inflammation itself and in the lower abdomen, in the upper part of the leg. Pain is aggravated by walking, which may limit the patient's normal movement.
• Skin changes. The skin over the focus of inflammation and around it is tense, swollen. If a purulent process has not developed, the color of the skin may be normal or pinkish.
• Swelling of the legs on the affected side. The cause of this symptom is both a direct violation of the outflow of lymph through the inflamed lymph nodes, and a pronounced increase in their size, which can lead to compression of large vessels ( including the femoral vein, passing directly behind the inguinal lymph nodes).
• General condition of the body. Not changed if suppuration of the inflamed lymph node has not occurred. In this case, there is an increase in body temperature up to 38 - 40ºС, general weakness, pain in the muscles of the legs and abdomen, headaches, increased heart rate and other symptoms of intoxication of the body.

Diagnosis of lymphadenitis

In the diagnosis of lymphadenitis is used:

• ultrasound procedure;
• radiological research methods;
• lymph node biopsy.

General blood analysis ( UAC)

With the help of ultrasound it is possible to determine:

• Location, number, shape, size and structure of the lymph nodes.
• The relationship of the lymph node with the surrounding tissues ( soldered or not).
• The presence of inflammation in the lymphatic vessels of the study area.
• Availability purulent complications lymphadenitis ( abscess, phlegmon).
• The presence of a focus of infection in the internal organs.

X-ray methods of research

X-ray methods include:

• Plain radiograph of the chest and abdomen. Allows you to identify groups of enlarged lymph nodes ( bronchopulmonary, tracheal and other), to determine the damage to the bones of the extremities in osteomyelitis. With specific tuberculous lymphadenitis, it is possible to determine the foci of tuberculosis in lung tissue.
• CT scan – modern method research that allows you to more accurately determine the size, location and shape of inflamed lymph nodes, the presence of abscesses or adenophlegmon, the degree of spread of the purulent process in the affected area.

Biopsy of a lymph node

Indications for performing a biopsy of the lymph node are:

• suspicion of the tumor nature of the enlargement of the lymph node;
• chronic lymphadenitis;
• suspicion of specific lymphadenitis;
• lack of effect from the prescribed treatment ( with acute or chronic lymphadenitis).

To take material from inflamed lymph nodes, the following is used:

• Needle biopsy. In this case, a special hollow needle is inserted into the affected lymph node, while part of its tissues passes into the lumen of the needle.
• Fine needle aspiration biopsy. A special thin needle is used, the inner diameter of which is less than 1 millimeter. The needle is connected to an empty syringe and inserted into the affected lymph node ( often under ultrasound guidance), followed by aspiration ( exhaustion) lymph node tissue into a syringe and its further study.

Research results
The resulting material is sent to the laboratory, where it is stained with special dyes and examined under a microscope. This allows you to identify tumor cells in the lymph node ( if available), as well as to determine the severity and nature of the inflammatory process - the predominance of lymphocytes will testify in favor of viral infection lymph node, the predominance of neutrophils - in favor of a bacterial infection.

Also, the resulting material is sown on special nutrient media intended for growing certain types of microorganisms. The nutrient medium with the test material is placed in a special thermostat, in which optimal conditions for the growth and reproduction of bacteria. If an infectious agent is present in the punctate of the lymph node, then it will begin to actively multiply, and after a while whole colonies of these microorganisms will appear on the nutrient medium. This allows you to accurately determine the type of pathogen, as well as determine its sensitivity to various antibacterial drugs, which will allow you to prescribe the most effective treatment.

Treatment of lymphadenitis

Which doctor to contact?

Depending on the location and type of lymphadenitis, you may need to consult the following specialists:

• Otorhinolaryngologist ( Laura) and/or a dentist – with inflammation of the submandibular and cervical lymph nodes.
• Urologist - with inflammation of the inguinal lymph nodes.
• Therapist - with inflammation of the lymph nodes in the chest or abdominal cavity ( identified using various instrumental diagnostic methods).
• Dermatologist - in chronic infectious diseases of the skin.
• Phthisiatrician - with tuberculous lymphadenitis.
• Surgeon - in the presence of signs of a purulent process in the inflamed lymph nodes.

• drug treatment;
• physiotherapy;
• folk methods of treatment;
• surgery.

Medical treatment

Medical treatment of lymphadenitis

Physiotherapy

Of the physiotherapeutic methods in the treatment of lymphadenitis are used:

• ultra high frequency ( UHF) therapy;
• laser therapy;
• galvanization.

UHF therapy is indicated in the presence of an acute inflammatory process in the lymph nodes. Absolute contraindications are the suspicion of a tumor process, as well as specific tuberculous lymphadenitis. Not recommended for use this method if there are symptoms of a general infectious process in the body ( fever, chills, heart palpitations, muscle pain and so on).

Laser therapy
The essence of this method is the impact of light waves of a certain length on the tissues of the body. This leads to an improvement in microcirculation in the inflamed lymph node, has an anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect, and also stimulates reparative ( restorative) processes.

This method is prescribed for acute and chronic lymphadenitis. Contraindications are the same as for UHF therapy. In addition, laser exposure to areas of the skin in which there are benign neoplasms ( moles, dark spots and others).

Galvanization
The essence of the method lies in the impact on the body of a constant electric current of low strength ( up to 50 milliamps) and low voltage ( 30 - 80 volts), which passes through the tissues of the body, causing a number of complex physiological processes. It has a local analgesic effect, improves microcirculation in the area of ​​current exposure, promotes the restoration of damaged tissues and nerve fibers.

This method is used at the recovery stage of treatment after eliminating the cause of lymphadenitis and reducing the activity of the inflammatory process in the lymph nodes, as well as in chronic forms of lymphadenitis.

Folk methods of treatment

The most common folk methods for treating lymphadenitis are:

• warming up the lymph nodes;
• herbal preparations;
• echinacea tincture.

Warming up the lymph nodes is absolutely contraindicated:

• in the presence of a tumor process in enlarged lymph nodes;
• with specific tuberculous lymphadenitis;
• with the development of adenophlegmon;
• if there are signs of intoxication of the body ( fever, muscle and headaches, heart palpitations).

With a progressive increase in lymph nodes after the start of treatment, an increase in body temperature or a deterioration in general well-being, heating should be stopped immediately and a specialist should be consulted.

Herbal preparations
The anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties of various plants have been used in the treatment of lymphadenitis for many decades. They should be used in combination with other treatments.

• Infusion of dandelion roots. Pour 10 g of crushed raw materials with a glass of boiling water. Infuse for 4 hours, then strain and take 1 tablespoon 3-4 times a day.
• Infusion of nettle flowers. 5 tablespoons of dried nettle flowers should be poured with 1 liter of boiling water. Insist for 2 hours, then strain and take 100 ml 2 times a day. This infusion has a certain anti-inflammatory effect, and also helps to eliminate toxins from the body.
• Aloe juice. Aloe leaves must be washed, crushed and squeezed out of them juice. Add 200 g of honey to 100 g of juice and infuse for 1 day. Take 1 teaspoon 2 times a day. It has a certain anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effect.

The beneficial effects of echinacea in lymphadenitis are due to:

• increased migration of lymphocytes to the focus of inflammation;
• increased phagocytic activity of leukocytes;
• facilitating the release of biologically active substances in the focus of inflammation.

Echinacea tincture can be used:

• Outwardly. A compress with echinacea tincture is usually used. To do this, dilute 10 - 20 ml of warm tincture ( not hot!) with water in a ratio of 1: 2, moisten a bandage or gauze in it and apply a compress to the site of inflammation overnight. It is not recommended to use this method for more than 5 - 7 days.
• inside. Adults take 20-40 drops of tincture dissolved in 100 ml of warm water, 1-2 times a day. Dose for children - 5 - 10 drops 1 - 2 times a day.

Surgical treatments

Inflammation of the lymph nodes - symptoms, causes, complications and what to do?

Lymphadenitis is called inflammation of the lymph nodes. This disease is considered secondary, it occurs due to inflammation in any area of ​​the body. Sometimes there is a primary purulent inflammation of the lymph nodes. The disease is caused by streptococci and other pathogenic microbes, but usually the flora is mixed. Lymphadenitis appears when toxins, microorganisms, tissue decay products are brought into the lymph nodes with lymph from the primary focus. Microbes penetrate through the mucous membrane, damaged skin as well as by the hematogenous route. There are inflammations of the lymph nodes:

• serous nature,
• purulent,
• productive.

• the onset provokes catarrhal-hyperplastic lymphadenitis,
• purulent infiltration of the node appears,
• small foci are formed that merge and melt the lymph nodes,
• if the capsule and surrounding tissues are involved in the purulent process, adenophlegmon develops.

treatment

Start treatment of patients with serous lymphadenitis with the elimination of the initial focus of infection, which must be identified as early as possible. Usually this can be done in 98 percent of cases. When it is possible to eliminate primary focus infections, begin treatment, which is aimed at increasing the body's resistance to infection, at normalizing its reactivity. Restorative therapy consists of:

• in the appointment of desensitizing drugs,
• multivitamins,
• complete dairy and plant based diet. Antibiotics and sulfa drugs apply:
• if inflammatory phenomena increase - after the primary focus is eliminated,
• in the treatment of a debilitated patient,
• in the treatment of patients with general somatic diseases. Locally used:
• bandages with Vishnevsky's ointment,
• dry heat,
• semi-alcoholic compresses,
• dressings with ointment according to Dubrovin,
• UHF therapy,
• solux,
• electrophoresis with proteolytic enzymes, with potassium iodide.

symptoms

Symptoms are more pronounced in children of the younger age group (up to three years). With the development of lymphadenitis all symptoms intensify, with a superficial location of the node, the skin under the node turns red, becomes tense. Gradually, the mobility of the affected node becomes less, moderate tissue infiltration around the circumference appears (this is detected by palpation). Palpation is very painful. Symptoms may worsen over several days. In the future, when the primary foci of infection are eliminated, the process will subside, periadenitis may develop or purulent fusion of the lymph node will occur. Blood counts do not change or change slightly in about half of patients. Acute serous lymphadenitis is characterized by:

• the disease begins with the fact that one or more lymph nodes increase in volume,
• lymph nodes thicken
• soreness appears - when touched and spontaneous,
• swelling of the affected area,
• temperature rises,
• general signs of intoxication,
• sweating,
• weakness,
• loss of appetite,
• headache.

prevention

To prevent the transition of acute serous to purulent lymphadenitis it is important to send a sick child to specialized hospitals in a timely manner.

Acute lymphadenitis is acute process inflammation of the tissues of the lymph node. As a rule, this disease progresses against the background of an infection already present in the human body, for example, a purulent wound.

The most common causative agent of the disease are staphylococci, which penetrate the nodes along with the lymph. If the focus of infection is in the lower part of the body, for example, on the leg, then the inguinal nodes are most exposed to inflammation, less often popliteal. If the source arose in the upper limbs, the lymph node becomes inflamed in armpit.

Classification of acute lymphadent

Varieties of acute lymphadenitis 1. According to the nature of inflammation:

• purulent;
• serous.

• specific;
• nonspecific.

• acute lymphadenitis of the neck and face;
• cervical;
• inguinal;
• mesenteric;
• submandibular;
• odontogenic.

Serous acute lymphadenitis

With this type of lymphadenitis, general well-being does not suffer. It is typical for him:

• lack of temperature, or its slight increase;
• pain in the area of ​​the lymph nodes and their increase;
• slight compaction of the lymph nodes and mobility.

If appropriate measures are taken in time and treated, the lymph nodes will return to normal in a couple of days, the pain will disappear, and the state of health will return to normal.

Purulent acute lymphadenitis

With this type of lymphadenitis, there is:

• pronounced soreness of the lymph nodes;
• temperature rise to 38°C;
• persistent headache;
• great weakness and fatigue.

After some time, an abscess may form at the site of the lymph node, which can only be removed surgical methods.

Causes of acute lymphadenitis

The main causes of the disease include:

1. A sharp weakening of human immunity. This may be due to the course of severe concomitant diseases, which every day deplete the body, suck out vitamins and immune cells from it.
2. Excessive bacteria in the lymph nodes. In this case, the tissues of the lymph nodes simply will not be able to cope with the threat that has arisen. This picture is observed in the presence of complex purulent processes in the body.
3. The number of bacteria is small, but they are very aggressive. Then even a small part of them can cause a severe inflammatory process.
4. Simultaneous combination of several of the above factors. For example, the development of complex infectious disease on the background of weakened immunity.

Common symptoms of acute lymphadenitis

Acute lymphadenitis can manifest itself in the form of general and local symptoms.

Common symptoms of inflammation:

• rise in temperature to high performance(up to 40°С);
• manifestation of chills;
• severe migraine;
• general severe weakness;
• pain in the muscle fibers;
• bad dream.

Local manifestations of acute lymphadenitis:

• enlarged lymph nodes;
• the appearance of red edema over the lymph nodes;
• the appearance of a noticeable tumor of the skin in the region of the lymph nodes;
• painful sensations, both when probing the lymph nodes, and at rest;
• increase in local temperature of the skin;
• violation motor function the area where the lymph nodes are located.

Possible complications of acute lymphadenitis

If you do not start timely treatment and start the disease, the following types of complications of acute lymphadenitis are possible:

• the development of a general infection of the body;
• periadenitis;
• adenophlegmon;
• the occurrence of thrombophlebitis of closely spaced veins;
• bleeding;
• chronic esophageal fistulas;
• caseous fusion of lymph nodes.

Diagnosis in acute lymphadenitis

Diagnosing acute lymphadenitis is not difficult. To do this, it will be quite enough to consult a specialist and the patient's medical history.

The main methods of diagnosing the disease are:

• tuberculin tests Mantu and Pirque, if tuberculosis is suspected;
• chest x-ray;
• detailed examination of sputum;
• consultation of medical specialists;
• ultrasound diagnostics;
• tomography of the affected limbs;
• lymphoscintigraphy.

Treatment of acute lymphadenitis

Treatment is carried out in accordance with the type of inflammatory process.

Therapy of serous lymphadenitis.

• treatment of the source of the disease, which caused the infection to enter the lymph nodes (caries, treatment of open wounds);
• antipyretic drugs with a significant increase in temperature;
• preparations for relieving inflammation and pain in the area of ​​the lymph nodes;
• the adoption of multivitamin complexes as a strengthening therapy;
• painkillers;
• antibacterial drugs.

Therapy of purulent lymphadenitis:

• referral of the patient to the hospital;
• surgical intervention (opening a purulent focus, removal of dead tissues);
• rest in the affected area;
• conducting antibiotic therapy;
• UHF therapy;
• regular postoperative dressings;
• strict observance of personal hygiene;
• rational diet;
• physiotherapy to reduce inflammation and speed up wound healing.

Drug treatment of acute lymphadenitis:

• the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics (augmentin, sumamed, azithromycin);
• the use of antibiotics in accordance with the identified disease (syphilis - macropen, penicillin; tuberculosis - streptomycin);
• multivitamin preparations as general tonic (Vitrum);
• drugs to prevent the occurrence of allergic reactions (erius, tsetrin);
• painkillers (ketalong).

Traditional medicine in the fight against acute lymphadenitis

Application folk methods for the treatment of lymphadenitis is recommended only in the early stages of the development of the disease and only after full-time consultation with a specialist. Seeing a doctor late can cause very serious consequences.

The use of folk remedies in conjunction with antibiotic therapy prescribed by the attending physician will undoubtedly lead to recovery.

the best folk remedy consider echinacea tincture, which must be diluted with warm water, moisten a bandage in it and apply a compress for the night.

Side effects

When treating lymphadenitis with medications, the following are possible: side effects:

• indigestion;
• small rash on the skin;
• all kinds of allergic reactions;
• dizziness;
• feeling of unease;
• general weakness.

Prevention of acute lymphadenitis

the best way prevention is timely and adequate treatment the underlying disease, which can later become the main cause of acute lymphadenitis.

Timely diagnosis and treatment should be carried out:

• foci of the disease in the body: treatment of caries, bronchitis, opening of boils;
• syphilis and tuberculosis;
• scratches, cuts and deep wounds to prevent infection.

In any case, an increase in lymph nodes, which is accompanied by high temperature and pain, you should immediately seek medical advice.

Rational diet for lymphadenitis

In the course of therapy, it is necessary to strictly adhere to next diet:

• limit fatty, salty and fried foods;
• do not eat fast food;
• enrich your diet with vegetable, dairy and protein products (fish, lean meat, cottage cheese).

Features of acute lymphadenitis in children

Inflammation of the lymph nodes in children has a number of features. Thus, all infection processes proceed much faster and with more severe symptoms. That is why it is necessary to immediately consult a doctor as soon as you notice pain in the lymph node.

To prevent acute lymphadenitis in a child, it is necessary:

• timely treat carious processes;
• monitor the occurrence of inflammatory processes in the oral cavity;
• timely treat colds;
• treat all abrasions, cuts and injuries.

How to treat acute lymphadenitis in pregnant women

Pregnant women are most often shown:

• antibiotics approved for use during pregnancy;
• dry heat;
• irradiation of lymph nodes with ultraviolet radiation.

In case of suppuration, it is forbidden to do warm compresses. In such a situation, an operation is performed to open the lymph node with its subsequent drainage.

Acute lymphadenitis in children

Acute lymphadenitis is an acute inflammatory process in the tissues of the lymph nodes, often purulent. As a rule, acute lymphadenitis is secondary, when pathogenic microorganisms are outside the local pathological focus and penetrate into the lymph nodes.

Causes of acute lymphadenitis

Usually pyogenic microorganisms provoke the development of acute lymphadenitis, which penetrate the lymphatic vessels into the lymph nodes from purulent acute or chronic foci (boils, scratches, panaritium, phlegmon wounds, etc.). Pyogenic microorganisms include:

• staphylococci and streptococci - most often contribute to the inflammatory process in the lymph nodes.
• gonococci.
• meningococci and many others.

The causes of acute lymphadenitis can be diseases such as:

• tuberculosis (causative agent - Mycobacterium tuberculosis or Koch's wand).
• syphilis (causative agent - white treponema).
• cancer of the internal organs.

Clinical symptoms of acute lymphadenitis

Acute lymphadenitis is manifested by both general and local symptoms.

General symptoms acute inflammation in the lymph nodes:

• increase in temperature to high numbers (up to 39 - 40 ° C).
• the appearance of a tremor (chills).
• possible severe headache.
• the presence of severe weakness.
• soreness in the muscles.
• sleep disturbance.

Local manifestations of acute lymphadenitis are characterized by an increase in the size of the lymph nodes and all signs of inflammation - there are five of them:

• redness of the skin over the area of ​​the lymph nodes.
• the occurrence of swelling or swelling of the skin in the projection of the lymph nodes.
• soreness of the lymph nodes - both at rest and when feeling them.
• increase in local temperature, skin hot to the touch.
• the function of the area where the lymph nodes are affected is impaired (for example, it hurts to move the leg or arm, turn the neck, etc.).

The clinical symptoms of acute lymphadenitis are quite clear and will not be difficult when diagnosed by an experienced specialist.

Acute lymphadenitis in children

Acute inflammation of the lymph nodes in childhood has some features. The children have everything inflammatory processes proceed faster and with more severe symptoms. Therefore, if a painful lymph node is found in a child, you should immediately contact a specialist (pediatrician, pediatric surgeon), go through everything necessary examinations and start treatment.

To prevent acute lymphadenitis in your child, you need to treat carious teeth, inflammatory processes in the oral cavity, a runny nose in time, protect them from injuries, and if they are present, treat them with antiseptics (brilliant green, iodine, etc.).

Classification of acute lymphadenitis

1. Acute lymphadenitis is purulent and serous (non-purulent).

Serous and purulent acute lymphadenitis are stages of a single process. At first, the inflammation begins as a serous one, it can end on its own or after appropriate treatment, or it can turn into a purulent one.

1. There are nonspecific and specific acute lymphadenitis, it all depends on the type of pathogen that provoked it.
2. Depending on which groups of lymph nodes are affected, the following types of acute lymphadenitis are classified:
   • lymphadenitis of the face and neck.
   • cervical.
   • submandibular.
   • odontogenic.
   • mesenteric.
   • inguinal.

Acute serous lymphadenitis

In acute serous lymphadenitis, general well-being suffers little. The temperature may not be, but it may rise to 38 ° C. At this stage, there are painful sensations in the lymph nodes, they increase in size. When they are felt, they are slightly dense and mobile. With the timely identification and treatment of the primary focus, these lymph nodes decrease in size, their soreness disappears, and general well-being is normalized. Otherwise, serous inflammation becomes purulent.

Purulent acute lymphadenitis

With purulent inflammation in the lymph nodes, their pronounced soreness is noted, the temperature rises above 38 ° C. Sleep is disturbed, headache, weakness appear, i.e. general well-being suffers greatly. Over time, an abscess forms at the site of the lymph node, which will need to be removed surgically in a hospital, it will not go away on its own. Do not treat purulent acute lymphadenitis, it is very dangerous for health and life, because. fraught with the development of lymphadenophlegmon and sepsis (blood poisoning).

Acute lymphadenitis of the face and neck

As a rule, the cause of acute lymphadenitis of the face and neck are microorganisms circulating in the oral cavity - coccal flora - staphylococci. Those. such lymphadenitis occurs due to odontogenic infection. That's why, importance has timely treatment carious teeth. Most often, the infection penetrates the following groups of lymph nodes and occurs:

• submandibular acute lymphadenitis.
• buccal.
• acute cervical lymphadenitis.
• parotid.
• supramaxillary and mandibular.

In the prevention of the above acute lymphadenitis, personal hand hygiene is important, with extreme caution in removing acne, acne in the face and neck.

Acute mesenteric lymphadenitis (mesadenitis)

Acute mesenteric lymphadenitis is an inflammation of the lymph nodes of the mesentery of the intestine. Such acute lymphadenitis occurs after operations on the abdominal organs (elimination of appendicitis, for example), after diseases of the upper respiratory tract, with tuberculosis and many other diseases. Such lymphadenitis is more common in school-age children. Occurs suddenly, acute cramping pain in the abdomen, not associated with food intake, dyspeptic disorders(nausea, possibly vomiting), an increase in temperature to high numbers. In such a situation, it is necessary to carefully collect anamnestic data, study the clinic in detail, undergo the necessary instrumental and laboratory tests, which will be prescribed by a specialist.

Acute inguinal lymphadenitis

With acute inguinal lymphadenitis enlarged and thickened lymph nodes in the groin area. At the same time, pain in the lower abdomen and in the inguinal region is noted, especially during movement and physical exertion, the temperature increases. The cause of inflammation of the lymph nodes in the inguinal region can be: syphilis, metastases of cancer of the genital organs, rectum, fungal diseases and wounds on the lower extremities. If enlarged inguinal lymph nodes are found, you should immediately seek help from a doctor (therapist, surgeon, if this is a child - a pediatrician).

Diagnosis in acute lymphadenitis

• Superficial acute nonspecific lymphadenitis is not difficult to diagnose. For this it will be enough clinical symptoms along with the data of the anamnesis (medical history). The main thing is to determine the primary purulent inflammation, where its focus is located.
• Acute specific lymphadenitis is determined using clinical and laboratory data.
• If tuberculosis is suspected, Mantoux and Pirquet tuberculin tests are performed, chest x-rays are taken, sputum is examined, and a puncture of the corresponding lymph node is prescribed if necessary.
• In case of suspicion of syphilis, a puncture of the affected lymph node is performed, where pale treponema is found in the punctate.

In addition, with specific lymphadenitis, consultation of narrow specialists is necessary: ​​venereologists, infectious disease specialists, and phthisiatricians.

• If necessary, additional methods for examining the lymph nodes can be prescribed: ultrasound diagnostics, computed and magnetic resonance imaging of the affected areas, X-ray contrast lymphography, lymphoscintigraphy.

Treatment of acute lymphadenitis

Therapy of acute lymphadenitis is carried out depending on the form of the inflammatory process.

Therapy of acute serous lymphadenitis.

1. Treatment of the underlying disease, due to which the infection got into the lymph nodes (treatment of caries, if there are wounds, their treatment with an antiseptic - iodine, brilliant green and the application of a sterile dressing, etc.).
2. Symptomatic therapy:

• with an increase in temperature - antipyretics (paracetamol, ibuprofen)
• excellent adjunct to therapy this stage there will be the use of the drug lymphomyosot, it relieves inflammation and soreness of the lymph nodes very well
• multivitamins as a general strengthening therapy (multifort, vitrum, multitabs)
• antiallergic drugs, will help to additionally relieve swelling at the site of the pathological focus (erius, fenkarol, fenistil)
• if noted strong pain, for example, as in the case of mesenteric lymphadenitis, painkillers are prescribed (analgin, ketalong, dicloberl)
• in case of progression of acute serous lymphadenitis, even after elimination of the underlying disease, antibacterial drugs (ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, augmentin) are prescribed.

Treatment of acute purulent lymphadenitis:

1. Hospitalization of the patient in the surgical department.
2. Surgical intervention - a purulent focus is opened, dead tissues are removed, the purulent cavity is washed with antiseptic solutions and the wound is tamponade, an aseptic dressing is applied.
3. Prescribing antibacterial drugs.
   • With nonspecific acute lymphadenitis antibacterial drugs are prescribed, taking into account the sensitivity of microorganisms to the antibiotic (as a rule, broad-spectrum antibiotics are prescribed - cefotaxime, augmentin, azithromycin, sumamed).
   • With specific acute lymphadenitis, antibiotics are prescribed depending on the identified underlying disease: if it is syphilis, then penicillin, macropen, sumamed are prescribed; if - tuberculosis, then prescribe streptomycin, rifampicin.
4. The use of multivitamin complexes as general tonic and to improve the functioning of the immune system (multifort, vitrum).
5. Antihistamines are prescribed to reduce the risk of allergic reactions from the use of antibiotics and further reduce swelling in the area of ​​the pathological focus (fenkarol, erius, tsetrin).
6. In the postoperative period, if necessary, painkillers are prescribed (dikloberl, ketalong).
7. Proper patient care (regular aseptic dressings of the postoperative area).
8. Compliance with the sanitary and hygienic regime (personal hygiene, ventilation of the room, humidification of the air and regular cleaning of the room).
9. A rational diet with a restriction of fatty, fried and salty foods. Fast food should be avoided. Eat more vegetable, dairy and protein products (lean meats, fish).
10. Physiotherapy in the postoperative period - UHF-therapy - reduces inflammation, accelerates the healing and recovery of wounds. In addition, it helps to reduce the sensitivity of nerve receptors, which leads to a decrease in pain.

The most common type of inflammation of the lymph nodes is submandibular lymphadenitis. In fact, the disease is not considered severe, but if left unattended, you can wait for serious complications.

The lymphatic system of the body is connected with the cardiovascular system. It is designed to transport tissue fluid from the interstitial space into the blood. This fluid is called lymph.

The main elements of the lymphatic system are the lymph nodes. They are responsible for filtration in the body. It is the lymph nodes that prevent infections from entering the bloodstream and spreading. However, in the case when harmful microorganisms enter the body, provoking inflammation, they accumulate in the lymph nodes.

Submandibular lymphadenitis is the result of an infection entering the body and its spread. Often the pathology is caused by various inflammatory processes in the oral cavity ( chronic tonsillitis, pustular lesions, etc.). When bacteria settle in the lymph nodes, they become inflamed and enlarge. As a rule, several lymph nodes are affected at once.

Typical symptoms of submandibular lymphadenitis:

• when feeling the area under the jaw, pain occurs;
• swelling;
• redness of the oral mucosa.

If you experience any symptoms, you should immediately consult a doctor. As the disease progresses, pain and swelling will increase, so complications should not be allowed.

Diagnosis of lymphadenitis

To identify submandibular lymphadenitis, you need to undergo a thorough physical examination. The physician must evaluate clinical picture and anamnesis. The purpose of the diagnosis will be to identify the primary focus of inflammation and establish the etiology of the disease.

Methods for diagnosing submandibular lymphadenitis:

• blood analysis;
• Ultrasound of the lymph nodes;
• tuberculin tests;
• chest x-ray;
• puncture;
• bacteriological culture;
• biopsy of lymph nodes;
• cytological and histological examination of tissues.

When identifying lymphadenitis, differential diagnosis is extremely important. Therefore, additional consultation of an infectious disease specialist, otolaryngologist, hematologist, phthisiatrician and surgeon is often required.

Differential diagnosis allows to exclude:

• tumors of the salivary glands;
• phlegmon;
• metastases of malignant tumors;
• systemic diseases (leukemia or sarcoidosis);
• diffuse pathologies of connective tissue (lupus erythematosus, dermatomyositis, rheumatoid arthritis);
• granulating periodontitis;
• cysts of the neck and face;
• HIV infection.

General principles for the treatment of lymphadenitis

You should always remember that only a doctor is able to correctly diagnose and prescribe adequate treatment. In the case of lymphadenitis, the symptoms of which are very vague, the loss of time can turn out very badly for the patient.

General therapy of lymphadenitis at home:

1. Use of anti-inflammatory ointments. For the treatment of inflamed lymph nodes, it is recommended to apply bandages with Heparin ointment, boron vaseline, Vishnevsky ointment and Troxevasin.
2. Strengthening the immune system with vitamins. With lymphadenitis, vitamin C is prescribed, which helps the body cope with inflammation. It is also allowed to take a multivitamin or increase the amount of foods with vitamins consumed (celery, spinach, parsley, onions, sauerkraut, kiwi and oranges).
3. Drink plenty of fluids. The patient is advised to drink plenty of plain water so that the body is able to fight the infection.
4. Stay warm.
5. Avoid hypothermia.
6. Perform physical therapy. With lymphadenitis, UHF and quartz irradiation are prescribed.
7. Implement hygiene. If the disease was caused by inflammation in the mouth, you need to thoroughly clean the tongue and teeth to prevent the spread of germs.
8. Take antibiotics at advanced cases lymphadenitis.
9. Surgical manipulations are indicated in cases where any therapy is ineffective, and the lymph nodes continue to grow.

If lymphadenitis is found on early stage, enough antibiotics and general measures for a full recovery. If the patient has purulent inflammation, an operation may be required to remove pus from the lymph node. Serious surgery is needed if several lymph nodes are affected.

Antibiotics for lymphadenitis

When submandibular lymphadenitis turns into running stage, it can only be overcome by taking antibiotics. However, it must be remembered that antibiotics help get rid of the infection, and not from inflammation in the lymph nodes. Only a doctor who has conducted a thorough examination should choose an antibiotic.

Most often, with lymphadenitis, the following antibiotics are prescribed:

• Ampicillin;
• Flemoxin;
• Amoxiclav;
• Amoxicillin;
• Ceftriaxone;
• Ceftazidime.

Traditional medicine against submandibular lymphadenitis

What compresses are allowed for lymphadenitis:

1. Echinacea. One of the best for lymphadenitis is a compress with echinacea tincture. She is bred in warm water in a ratio of 1:2. Then moisten the bandage with the solution and apply it to the inflamed area. It is recommended to put such a compress at night, wrapping your neck with a warm scarf or scarf.
2. Onion. head onion need to bake in the oven (15 minutes). After cooking, remove the peel and crush the pulp, adding a tablespoon of pharmacy tar to it. The mixture is applied to the inflammation at night.
3. Herbal collection. For this compress, walnut leaves, St. John's wort, yarrow and mistletoe are taken. Add a teaspoon of each agent to a glass of water and boil for several minutes. After cooling, you can moisten the bandage with decoction and apply a compress for the night. The course of treatment should be 14 days.
4. Mint. fresh leaves mint is crushed to the state of gruel, which is applied to the area of ​​\u200b\u200binflammation and fixed with a bandage. A similar compress can be made from dandelion leaves.
5. Interior fat. Melt 200 g of fat in a water bath, add three tablespoons of chopped boletus herb to it. Simmer the mixture in a water bath for four hours. When hot, the mixture is filtered and poured into a glass container. Keep refrigerated. The tool is applied to inflamed lymph nodes three times a day.
6. Chicory. Chicory root is crushed, poured with boiled water. After twenty minutes of infusion, the mixture must be crushed and excess water should be poured out. Then the mixture is spread on a gauze napkin and applied to the affected area for two hours daily. The compress is fixed with a film.

Sometimes a tincture of pine shoots helps with lymphadenitis. It is necessary to add a glass of sugar and pine shoots (two-liter jar) to three liters of water. All this must be boiled for two hours over low heat, then strain and cook for another two hours. Drink a tablespoon after meals. The course of treatment is a month.

Don't forget about medicinal herbs. To prepare the product, you need to mix nettle(1 part), hop cones (1), yarrow (1), horsetail(3) and oregano (1). To prepare one dose, you need to mix a tablespoon of the resulting mixture and 0.3 liters of water, then warm in a water bath for 15 minutes. Strain the remedy and drink three parts a day.

To strengthen the immune system during the period of illness, you can regularly do healthy drinks based on blueberries, currants and cranberries. Berries need to be crushed in a glass and mixed with water. Before taking, you need to let the drink brew.

Garlic tincture is a natural antiseptic. To prepare it, you should crush two heads of garlic and pour a liter of hot water (not boiling water). The infusion is required to infuse for three days, stirring regularly. Drink a teaspoon three times a day.

Submandibular lymphadenitis in children

Therapy of submandibular lymphadenitis in children is carried out in a similar way. It is noteworthy that suppuration of the lymph nodes is rare in children. Most often, an increase in nodes accompanies other infectious diseases. The main goal of treatment is to eliminate the cause of the inflammation. Specifically, lymphadenitis is treated only when there is severe discomfort.

Submandibular lymphadenitis in children often becomes chronic. In such a situation, it is important to find the hidden source of infection and block it. common cause inflammation of the lymph nodes in children becomes infectious mononucleosis. In this case special treatment inflammation is not required.

Children with lymphadenitis need to strengthen the immune system. The child is prescribed multivitamins, hardening is carried out. However, it must be remembered that hardening cannot be carried out during the period of exacerbation.

Classification of children's lymphadenitis

Medicine distinguishes between specific and nonspecific lymphadenitis (depending on the cause). The disease may have acute course(2 weeks), subacute (2-4 weeks) and chronic. Depending on the etiology, odontogenic lymphadenitis is divided (due to pathology dental system) and nonodontogenic.

By the nature of the changes in the lymph nodes, serous, necrotic and purulent lymphadenitis are distinguished. If we talk about the focus of the lesion, there are regional and generalized. Submandibular lymphadenitis refers to regional, as well as cervical, axillary, inguinal and others.

Symptoms

Most often in children, it is the submandibular and cervical lymph nodes that become inflamed, less often the axillary and inguinal. Acute nonspecific lymphadenitis causes an increase in lymph nodes, they acquire a dense and elastic structure. The child begins to suffer from pain, but the temperature does not rise. The skin over the affected areas does not change. Chronic lymphadenitis in children provokes a constant increase in nodes, they are limited in mobility, have a dense structure, and are painless.

During the transition from the acute stage to purulent symptoms become pronounced. The child's health deteriorates sharply, symptoms of intoxication appear (chills, fever, weakness, headaches, sleep disturbance). In the region of the lymph nodes, pulling pains, swelling and hyperemia appear.

It must be remembered that without treatment, submandibular lymphadenitis is complicated by adenophlegmon. Purulent inflammation extends beyond the lymph node. Adenophlegmons, in turn, are complicated by thrombosis and sepsis.

Treatment of submandibular lymphadenitis in children

Therapy of lymphadenitis depends on the stage and type of the disease, as well as on the degree of intoxication. The doctor must stop the inflammation in the lymph nodes, as well as find and eliminate the primary source of infection.

Acute serous or chronic lymphadenitis requires a conservative approach. For these purposes, antibiotics (macrolides, penicillins, cephalosporins), desensitizing drugs are prescribed. Local effects include compresses and physiotherapy.

Often, children with lymphadenitis are prescribed restorative drugs (vitamins, calcium gluconate, immunostimulants). If therapy is ineffective, or the disease goes into an acute stage, the child should be hospitalized and the purulent focus should be drained.

With necrotizing lymphadenitis in children, it is necessary to carry out curettage of the cavity, sometimes even removal of the lymph node is required. For the rehabilitation period, anti-inflammatory and disintoxication drugs are prescribed. Specific tuberculous lymphadenitis in children is treated in specialized institutions.

Prevention and prognosis

With timely treatment of submandibular lymphadenitis, the prognosis is almost always favorable. When the disease becomes chronic, the lymphoid tissue can be replaced by connective tissue, and a violation of the outflow of lymph in the affected area may develop. To never know problems with lymph nodes, it is enough to follow some simple rules.

Preventive measures for lymphadenitis:

1. Observe the rules of hygiene (hands, mouth).
2. Regularly visit the dentist, exclude caries, gingivitis, fungal infections.
3. Avoid skin damage (cracks, wounds, scratches).
4. Treat all injuries with special means.

Prevention of lymphadenitis is to eliminate infections, timely treatment of teeth and injuries (skin and mucous). It is also important to increase the general and local resistance of the body.