Probiotic preparations for the intestines. Which probiotics have targeted indications? The use of probiotics of different groups for the treatment of various diseases

Probiotics for the intestines are a large group of medicines that are subdivided into probiotics proper, prebiotics and symbiotics. All of them have similar effects, but differ in the mechanism of action. The drugs in question are used to correct the balance of the microflora of the large and small intestines.

Indications for use

The use of probiotics is indicated in all situations where the patient has a disturbed ratio of beneficial and harmful intestinal bacteria. This happens in the following cases:

• Antibiotic therapy and associated diarrhea. Antimicrobial agents are not selective. Along with pathogenic microbes, they also destroy the cultures necessary for the body.
• Intestinal infections and poisoning. Inflammation develops when pathogenic bacteria outweighs the useful ones.
• Operations. Interventions in the digestive tract always cause disorders. This is due to both the manipulation itself and the subsequent course of antibiotics.
• Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. To imbalance internal flora lead pathological processes in the intestine. These include gastric and duodenal ulcers, pancreatitis, hepatobiliary failures.
• Improper nutrition. Eating substances that contain antimicrobial components, as well as the rejection of dairy products can lead to the appearance dyspeptic disorders due to a critical decrease in the strain of bacteria involved in the gastrointestinal tract.

It should be noted that weakening immune protection, although it is an indication for the appointment of probiotics to the patient, does not lead to dysbacteriosis. In this situation, a change in the composition of the microflora is the primary pathology that disrupts the work intestinal structures responsible for the formation of the immune response. Simply put, the death of the desired microbes leads to the development of a deficiency in infectious protection, and not vice versa.

How to take

Preparations for intestinal microflora do not cause overdose. However, in order to achieve best effect, they should be used in accordance with the general rules for therapy with similar agents. Ignoring the following requirements reduces the effectiveness of probiotics and makes their use useless.

Medicines intended to restore the bacterial balance are used in courses of 15 days to a month for chronic processes, 4–5 days for acute ones. In the first case, the drug is taken 3 times over a period of 24 hours, in the second 5-6 times. The tablet should be taken 30 minutes before meals.

If the patient suffers from gastritis with high acidity, shortly before use bacterial agents it is recommended to drink a glass alkaline water(Borjomi, Essentuki 17) or take Ranitidine (Famotidine).

Against the background of taking antibiotics, the effectiveness of probiotic components decreases. Antibacterial substances non-selectively affect the entire microflora, including bacteria that are part of powders or microcapsules. To minimize this effect, it is necessary to take a break of at least 2 hours between taking medications.

List of probiotics

The term given in the title refers to substances that contain live bacteria: lacto-, bifidus-, yeast fungi, non-pathogenic varieties of Escherichia coli. Representatives of this flora are involved in the digestion of products, so their deficiency leads to incomplete absorption of food. The list of probiotics includes:

A good multicomponent medicine, consisting of lactobacilli, enterococci, bifidobacteria.

Among the pharmacological effects include the ability to suppress unnecessary microbes and seed the mucous membrane with useful cultures, stimulate the immune system, synthesize vitamins B, C, K.

Admission is carried out in accordance with the general rules. Contraindicated with alcohol and hot drinks. It is produced in the form of capsules, which provides its protection from the aggressive effects of gastric juice. The cost of a package of 32 pieces is approximately equal to 500 rubles. Sold in pharmacies without a prescription.

Acipol

The action is similar to the above tool.

Pharmacological effects do not differ. Consists of kefir fungus and lacto-flora. Distributed through the pharmacy network in encapsulated form. Packaging costs 300-350 rubles (the price is relevant for the central regions of the Russian Federation). There are no contraindications, no prescription is required.

The name reflects the essence of the drug.

This is a monopreparation based on bifidobacteria (bifidobacterium), which are sorbed on a specially prepared carrier - activated carbon. The cost of the medicine is 101 rubles for 10 sachets. The composition regulates the intestinal microflora, improves the regenerative abilities of the mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract, promotes the formation of vitamins. In addition to the above, the lyophilizate, due to the qualities of the carrier, has an antitoxic effect. The remedy is taken by mixing with cool water or pouring into food.

Colibacterin

Cheap drug containing Escherichia coli.

Packing can be bought for 200-250 rubles. It is produced in the form of a lyophilisate, from which a suspension is prepared for oral administration. It has antibacterial, antidiarrheal, regulatory action. Freely distributed through online and offline pharmacies.

These drugs are more often prescribed for people with intestinal disorders. However, this is not all representatives of the probiotic group. Full list drugs with prices includes dozens of items and is present in pharmacy price lists.

List of prebiotics

Substances that are not digested in the intestinal lumen and serve as a nutrient substrate for microorganisms. These include: polysaccharides, polyhydric alcohols, trisaccharides, some amino acids, unsaturated fatty components. While the scientific world is arguing whether prebiotics bring any benefit to the intestines, these agents are actively used in clinical practice.

Lactofiltrum

Substance based on lactulose and lignin.

When it enters the digestive tract, it is not absorbed, it is excreted within a day with stool. During its stay in the gastrointestinal tract, lactulose undergoes hydrolysis, as a result of which lactic acid is synthesized, which suppresses the activity of pathogenic bacteria. Against this background, the growth of beneficial intestinal flora is enhanced. The drug is available in tablets. Its cost is 300-390 rubles in the capital's pharmacies.

Active ingredient- fiber and dead yeast cells, the number of which in 1 gram of the drug reaches 3 billion.

Produced in the form of grains, packaged in bags. Each weighs 60 grams. The price of a package varies from 100 to 150 rubles, so the substance is classified as cheap. The tool has many beneficial effects: stimulates the growth of its own lactobacilli, adsorbs and removes toxins, enhances peristalsis, normalizes digestion.

Produced in the form of a syrup based on lactulose.

Depending on the volume of the tube, the amount that will need to be spent on its purchase varies significantly. A container of 200 ml costs 300 rubles. For a bottle containing 1000 ml, they ask for 850–900 rubles. The pharmacological properties of Duphalac syrup do not differ from those given in the first paragraph of this list (for the prebiotic Laktofiltrum). The peculiarity of pharmacokinetics is that when using single doses of less than 60-70 ml, the drug is completely metabolized in the intestine.

Mainly baby medicine based on vitamins and dexpanthenol, inexpensive and effective.

Available in liquid form, it has a fruity taste and complex action. Apart from intestinal disorders, the medication is used for loss of strength, general exhaustion, malnutrition, weakened immunity, increased physical and mental stress. Prices vary from 200 to 300 rubles per pack.

Substances that can selectively stimulate the growth of lactobacilli while suppressing harmful strains are present in many everyday foods. They are found in carrots, potatoes, milk, soybeans, corn, and garlic. In order to prevent digestive disorders, it is better to use it natural medicines. Industrial tablets for the intestines are used exclusively for diseases.

List of synbiotics

Preparations of this category simultaneously include components that are part of the group of probiotics and prebiotics, combine them pharmacological properties, allow a much more effective effect on the bacterial composition of the gastrointestinal tract.

In terms of cost, such funds are more expensive than those described above, due to the cost of their production and maximum efficiency. Several representatives of the subsection of synbiotics should be considered in more detail.

A strain of Escherichia coli in combination with a nutrient substrate (soy, propolis, vegetables). Sold in bottles of 100 and 250 ml. The price of a small capacity in network pharmacies starts from 200 rubles. The product is taken by mixing with water in a ratio of 1: 1. The indications are common to all preparations containing live bacterial cultures and substrates to stimulate their growth.

Bifainol

Food supplement, available in capsules weighing 0.4 grams. Each of them contains bifidumbacterin, fatty acids and vitamins. The drug normalizes intestinal microbiocenosis, compensates for the lack necessary for the body substances, has anti-lipidemic and anti-atherosclerotic effects. The cost of a container for 50 capsules is 500 rubles.

Powder for oral administration, containing several types of lacto- and bifidobacteria. The prebiotic part is oligofructose. Helps to strengthen the immune system, restore normal microflora, saturate the body with vitamins. The price of a package ranges from 350 to 400 rubles.

Lactiale

Modern remedy, which includes 7 types of bacteria necessary for the body, as well as a nutrient substrate for them. Available in capsules or packets. The former are intended for adult patients, the latter for children. Dosage forms are not interchangeable, since the children's version of the drug includes microorganisms that are specific to the intestines of the child. For packing Lactiale in pharmacies, you will need to pay about 300 rubles.

Polyphytohol

Is choleretic drug, however, it can also be used as a nutrient medium for intestinal microorganisms. It has a plant origin, acts as an antispasmodic, regulatory medicine. Contraindicated in obstructive jaundice, pancreatitis, severe hepatic pathology. The cost is 400 rubles.

The use of synbiotics is preferred in almost all situations. Means of combined action allow to achieve the fastest, most complex and pronounced clinical effect.

It is necessary to distinguish between synbiotics and symbiotics for the intestines. The former are a combination of live bacteria and nutrient compositions, the latter are a combination of several types of microflora representatives.

Funds for children

• Be easy to take (many people cannot swallow a tablet or capsule).
• Not to have bad taste(the child often refuses to drink the remedy if it is bitter).
• Be attractive and not cause negative associations (beautiful bright packaging).

AT most these requirements are met by liquid dosage forms which the baby can drink without difficulty. These include Lactusan, Hilak forte, Pikovit. In addition to the above, the drug is chosen in accordance with the existing diagnosis. For viral infections, preference is given to lactobacilli (Biobacton), for bacterial infections, symbiotics (Linex). With fungal infections, the doctor recommends taking bifidumbacterin.

It must be understood that most childhood intestinal infections do not require hospitalization. Treatment is carried out at home. In this case, it is impossible to establish the type of pathogenic microorganism. Therapy is prescribed empirically, which requires the use of drugs with the maximum a wide range impact. Optimal for outpatient correction of the child's condition is the use of synbiotics (Bioflor).

Treatment of dysbiosis in formula-fed newborns can be carried out by feeding mixtures containing a prebiotic or probiotic. These formulations include Nutrilak premium, Nutrilon, NAN. They fully provide for the needs of the child. Additional introduction of microflora with the help of drugs is not required.

Everything about dysbacteriosis is told in the video by Dr. Komarovsky.

Means for pregnant women

The selection of drugs for pregnant women should be treated with the utmost care. Therefore, it is preferable to use funds that restore the biocenosis of the gastrointestinal tract, as part of food. List of products containing necessary substances is shown in the following table:

If necessary, industrial medicines. The choice of the drug is carried out according to general criteria. Prebiotics are preferred, as formulations containing live bacterial cultures can cause bloating. This is also true for food products.

natural remedies

Natural can be considered probiotics contained in fermented milk products, as well as in kombucha, olives, dark chocolate, bran. Similar cultures are also found in industrial products. The main difference is that chemicals also include a number of additional excipients. To prebiotics natural origin include products containing inulin - a unique substance that is not synthesized artificially.

Fans of folk herbalism can use such plants as elecampane, large burdock, and medicinal dandelion as a prebiotic. They also contain a lot of inulin. It is best to consume the roots of the given representatives of the fauna, since it is there that the largest number the required substance.

Uncontrolled reception

The drugs in question rarely lead to the development of complications, even if they are taken incorrectly or uncontrollably. For example, the frequency of occurrence side effects for the preparation "Lineks" does not exceed 1:10000. On the list of possible unwanted effects includes: flatulence, diarrhea, intestinal cramps, allergies that occur as a response of the body to traces of milk proteins.

The list of probiotics for the gut has importance both for adults and children. The article tells what are prebiotics and probiotics, what is the difference? When are drugs prescribed and which probiotics are better to choose. You will also learn the basic rules for their admission.

Intestinal microflora

It is difficult to imagine, but the number of microorganisms in the intestine exceeds total cells of the whole human body more than 10 times. The composition is represented by both aerobes and anaerobes.

There are also normally non-pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microflora., quantitative and qualitative composition which is in balance.

For certain reasons: frequent infectious diseases, taking antibiotics, severe stressful situations, lead to a violation of this balance, and conditionally pathogenic microorganisms become pathogenic, causing harm to the body.

Pharmacists have developed probiotics to restore intestinal microflora.

In other words, probiotics for the intestines - live non-pathogenic microorganisms.

Do not forget about fermented milk products nutrition, which also have a beneficial effect on the condition and functioning of the digestive tract. Parents often ask, “Which probiotics are best for a child?”

The safest and at the same time effective remedy is traditional kefir, yogurt.

Why probiotics are good: 10 positive qualities

Let's take a closer look at the question, probiotics, what they are and consider what are the main functions of non-pathogenic microorganisms.

1. Normalization of microflora.
2. Digestion of food.
3. Salt splitting fatty acids leading to lower cholesterol levels.
4. Activation of intestinal peristalsis.
5. neutralization of toxins, harmful substances.
6. Stimulation of local immunity (Peyer's patches).
7. Maintenance of interferon synthesis.
8. Reducing the risk of developing allergic reactions.
9. Neutralization Helicobacter pylori- bacteria that provokes the onset of peptic ulcer.
10. Synthesis of amino acids, vitamin K and vitamins B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B9.

Probiotics are also very effective because they enhance absorption, as well as calcium and iron.

Diseases for which these drugs are prescribed

As mentioned above, the imbalance of the intestinal microflora causes diseases of the digestive system. Appear, flatulence, diarrhea, followed by persistent constipation, there are signs of gastritis, peptic ulcer, enterocolitis.

The immune system also suffers, cases of allergic reactions, respiratory viral infections are becoming more frequent.

Preparations of the list of probiotics are prescribed for the following diseases.

Infectious diarrhea

To restore the microflora, taking probiotics for children after antibiotics is mandatory.

Also, if the mother needs to undergo a course of antibiotic therapy, the baby is prescribed these drugs. Prema Kids, Bifidumbacterin, Linex are considered effective probiotics for children under one year old.

Probiotics are an important ingredient complex treatment primarily gastrointestinal diseases.

Also, do not forget about the need to take probiotics after antibiotics.

This will help restore the qualitative and quantitative composition of the intestinal microflora.

But patients with immunodeficiency, with blood diseases, the use of drugs of this group should be approached with extreme caution, used only as directed by a doctor.

8 Important Admission Rules

1. Probiotics are taken 30-60 minutes before meals.
2. In acute infections, the frequency of administration is up to 6 times a day. The course of treatment lasts until the clinical picture returns to normal.
3. The chronic course of the disease requires the use of drugs up to 4 times a day. The course of therapy is from 2 to 3 weeks.
4. Powders are diluted with water. Tablets and capsules are washed down with a small amount of liquid.
5. At viral infection best probiotic for the intestines there will be a drug based on lactobacilli (Narine, Lactobacterin).
6. In case of bacterial damage, it is recommended to take lactobacilli plus bifidobacteria (Linex, Bifidim).
7. With a fungal infection, drugs are prescribed, the basis of which is represented by bifidobacteria (Bifidumbacterin).
8. Dysbacteriosis is treated in stages: first use drugs with lactobacilli, then go bifidobacteria, and end up taking colibacilli.

Correct functioning digestive tract directly depends on the balance of the flora inhabiting it. If there is a predominance of harmful microorganisms over beneficial ones, the mechanism of food digestion fails. So that the disorder does not become total, the correct ratio should be restored as soon as possible with the help of powder preparations of capsules or other forms.

Restoration of the intestinal microflora becomes a priority for various pathologies of the body due to the direct influence of the function of the gastrointestinal tract on well-being. Special funds used for prevention purposes. The choice of drugs for adults and children is quite wide, and their effect may vary depending on the composition.

When to Take Good Bacteria

Intestinal microflora many-sided, but the greatest number is typical for bifidobacteria and lactobacilli. Normally, their volume is 100 times higher than the number of harmful organisms. Under this condition, it is possible to ensure the correct flow of the following internal processes:

• Enzymatic digestion of food. Beneficial bacteria take part in carbohydrate fermentation, protein hydrolysis, neutralization of fatty acids, and dissolution of fiber.
• Maintaining an acidic environment in the intestine to prevent the reproduction of pathogenic flora, poisoning with toxins.
• Absorption and synthesis of vitamins.
• Metabolism of bile acids and cholesterol.
• Strengthening immunity.
• Activation of intestinal and gastric peristalsis.

If the balance is disturbed, characteristic negative changes in the human condition are noted:

• Disturbed by constipation or diarrhea, flatulence.
• Spasms occur.
• Present fast fatiguability.
• Reduced immunity.

The appearance of such signs is a clear indication for lactotherapy. Taking live bacteria is also recommended in the following cases:

• during antibiotic treatment.
• With a systematic bowel cleansing.
• If you are worried about acne acne.
• Coming surgical intervention.
• Diagnosed with inflammation of the genitourinary system.

What are bifido and lactobacilli

When prescribing a certain drug, doctors are guided by its composition, features of action. Differences are due to the type of beneficial microorganisms.

Bifidoflora

This includes Gram-positive anaerobic bacteria. In the maximum amount they are present in the intestines of infants. As soon as the baby moves to adult food, the composition of the "population" of the gastrointestinal tract changes markedly and microorganisms live only in the large intestine. Their purpose is the breakdown of carbohydrates, blocking toxins and harmful substances, allergens, carcinogens.

lactobacilli

They are present along the entire length of the digestive tract in both children and adults. Such flora is gram-positive facultative anaerobic. By producing special elements, microorganisms contribute to the maintenance of metabolic processes, the breakdown of plant foods, and its processing into a mixture of lactose and carbohydrates. As a result, it is formed acidic environment preventing fungal and bacterial pathologies.

For children, lactobacilli are indicated for rotavirus infections that occur with severe digestive disorders and intestinal function.

Preparations with bifidobacteria

Medicines that help restore balance are available in the form of capsules, suppositories for rectal application, powders and ampoules with dry content (lyophilisate) for the preparation of a liquid suspension. The first two groups differ high price due to maximum efficiency, the possibility of conducting therapy without being tied to a diet and the simultaneous use of other drugs. Powder products are cheaper, but they often contain only one strain of bacteria, which can be adversely affected by the environment of the stomach.

An effective probiotic is presented in all of the listed forms. The active ingredient is one strain of living microorganisms. Indications for use - intestinal dysfunction, dysbacteriosis on the background of a viral, bacterial, food infection, chronic inflammation lower divisions belly. And also Bifidumbacterin is recommended infants who are about to switch to artificial feeding.

The dosage is calculated by following the instructions. The powder diluted in water is drunk half an hour before meals. Contraindication to treatment - lactose intolerance.

The probiotic contains beneficial bacteria for the intestines in the form of bifido- and lactoflora. Complex action manifests itself in the following:

• Are getting stronger defensive forces.
• The stool is normalized.
• Improves digestion and metabolic processes.

You need to take the medicine with meals, mixing the contents of the capsules with liquid food or drinking them whole. The duration of treatment is from 5 to 15 days.

Is effective means eubiotic groups. Release form - lyophilisate. In the composition, along with bacteria, E. coli are present. The suspension is taken twice a day 30 minutes before meals. To dilute the dry powder, cooled to room temperature boiled water.

If hyperacidity is detected, 10 minutes before taking it is advisable to drink 100 ml of mineral water or soda solution.

This remedy is recommended for an adult to take with antibiotics to maintain the balance of the flora or restore it. For women, the drug becomes effective prevention vaginal candidiasis, which often accompanies antibiotic therapy. In pharmacies, there are both lyophilisate intended for dilution, and rectal, vaginal suppositories.

Admission rules depend on age. Adults drink the suspension before meals, children under 2 years of age with the first portions of food or during feeding. The powder is diluted directly in a jar, achieving its dissolution by shaking. If rectal suppositories are used, a preliminary bowel cleansing is needed.

It is a third generation probiotic with active ingredients: enterococci and several strains of bifidobacteria. The result of the reception is the restoration of digestion, the suppression of pathogenic flora. For adults, the drug is offered in the form of capsules, for children - in the form of powders, oil solutions and chewable tablets (their compositions include B vitamins).

The uniqueness of the product lies in the content of a living culture in a solution prepared from vegetables, propolis and soy. Displacement activates after cast opportunistic flora, the protection of the intestinal mucosa is restored. It also improves the absorption of calcium, iron and other minerals.

Required to achieve the effect long-term use over the course of 2 months.

Preparations with lactobacilli

These drugs are available as medicines or supplements. daily diet, dietary supplements. Inexpensive products and positions with high cost.

Lactobacilli for the intestines are represented by lactic acidophilic microorganisms. After taking, a complex action is provided: the elimination of microbial, infectious flora and an increase in the number of useful components.

Probiotic helps restore balance by normalizing defenses and digestion. As a result of systematic use, harmful organisms are destroyed, acidity inside the gastrointestinal tract increases. The drug is indicated for both adults and infants due to the absence adverse reactions. The dosage depends on age. Due to the resistance of the main component to antibiotics, it is possible simultaneous treatment antibacterial agents.

If Lactobacterin is used in the form of a lyophilisate, storage of the prepared solution is unacceptable.

Acipol

The medicine with live acidophilic lactobacilli and kefir fungi is available in the form of capsules, the complete dissolution of which occurs already in the intestine. It is a third-generation symbiotic, effective for disorders motor function, metabolic processes, weakening of the immune defense. At food allergies the drug stops intoxication.

Acipol can be taken by children from the age of 3 months, if individual sensitivity to the components is excluded.

The tool is different combined composition, including enterococci, strains of lacto- and bifidobacteria in the form of libenin.

Once in the body, these components actively multiply and, as a result, the production of B and C vitamins and the absorption of potassium improve. At the same time, acidity in the intestines increases. The result is the inhibition of pathogenic microorganisms.

The drug directly affects the mechanism of production digestive enzymes, bile. Normalization of microflora occurs in all parts of the gastrointestinal tract, admission is recommended at any age.

The synbiotic is indicated for use by adults, as well as children over 1 month old. After a course of therapy, strengthening of immunity, protection of the upper parts of the digestive tract from damage by pathogenic microbes, and a decrease in the negative effect of drugs are noted.

The complex action is due to the presence in the composition of pre- and probiotics, bacteria of the LGG strain, which are most resistant to the aggressive gastric environment and bile acids. Full restoration of the natural microflora occurs after 9 days from the start of therapy. Before use, the contents of the sachet are dissolved in water, milk or yogurt and drunk immediately.

Another representative of synbiotics, which ensures the intake of lacto- and bifidose populations, oligofructose, beneficial streptococci, lactococci into the body. The complex composition allows you to deal with pathologies of the large and small intestines, infections that affect the immune or respiratory system.

Enterosorbent is often prescribed together with drugs based on lacto- or bifidobacteria, it helps to remove harmful components from the digestive tract. It is accepted if there are the following signs:

• allergic reactions, poisoning.
• Intestinal infections.
• hangover syndrome.
• Chronic renal failure.

In some cases, the option of using lactulose to restore the function of the gastrointestinal tract is being considered. It begins to work in the large intestine, providing nutrition for lacto- and bifidobacteria. The composition is represented by two components - galactose and fructose, which act as prebiotics and a mild laxative. In view of this feature, the use is advisable with a tendency to constipation.

Preparations for children

The described remedies can be given to a child for treatment and in preventive purposes. The dosage is agreed with the doctor. Most drugs are approved for use even by newborns. The main thing is to exclude individual intolerance to components for products containing lactose. Preferred drugs include Acilact, Bifidumbacterin, Linex.

In addition to medicines, dietary supplements are produced for children. This group includes Bifidus, Primadophilus, Junior. Such drugs and other probiotics are included in the treatment of acute respiratory viral infection, barking cough, bronchitis, pneumonia. In these situations, a 7-day course is provided.

The danger of self-medication

Therapy with probiotics, like other medicines, must be strictly scheduled and planned in time. If the recommendations given in the instructions or prescribed by the doctor are not followed, undesirable consequences may occur.

Proper bowel function is the key to a quality and healthy life. Its activity is inextricably linked with the microorganisms inhabiting it - probiotics, which are involved in digestion and promote the absorption of vitamins and minerals. It took scientists about fifty years to come to a conclusion about what probiotics are. In 2002, WHO (World Health Organization) adopted the final definition of this concept.

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What are probiotics?

Probiotics - non-pathogenic microorganisms that promote recovery beneficial microflora human organs and have a detrimental effect on opportunistic and pathogenic microbes.

Bacteria that are considered probiotics:

• Lactobacilli - L.bulgaricus, L.plantarum, L.casei, L.acidophilus, L.rhamnosus, L.reuteri, L.gassed, L.lactis, L.fermentum, L.jonsonii.
• Bifidobacteria - B.infantis, B.bifidum, B.longum, B.adolescents, B.breve.
• Useful bacilli - V.subtilis.
• Sour-milk streptococcus - Streptococcus thermophilus.
• Non-pathogenic Escherichia - Escherichia Coli.
• Enterococci - Enterococci faecium, Enterococci salivarius.
• Yeast mushrooms - Saccharomyces boulardi.

These microbes are found in various medicines in various combinations. There are preparations that include one type of bacteria, and preparations that combine many bacteria. The scope is determined by the type of microorganism and its therapeutic activity.

Probiotics are part of many natural foods, especially fermented milk products such as fermented baked milk, kefir, cheese, and yogurt. There are products specially enriched with beneficial bacteria - Bifidok, Actimel, Activia.

To maintain normal microflora, medicines containing probiotics are produced.



Classification

Probiotics for adults and children are divided into several large groups.

By state of aggregation:

• Dry. They are a powder containing dried cultures of microbes. This form is available in the form of powders, capsules and tablets for the manufacture of suspensions. They do not have an immediate effect, since it takes from one to four hours for the activation of microorganisms.
• Liquid. These include ready-made suspensions and solutions in which a certain number of living microorganisms and a nutrient medium are present. They also contain minerals, amino acids, vitamins, and bacterial waste products such as lactic acid. Probiotics in liquid form act immediately after penetration into the human body. A plus is the ability to apply them not only through the stomach, but also to enter into the rectum, vagina, mouth, nose, apply to hair and skin.



Depending on the bacteria contained:

• lactic acid strains. They are made up of microorganisms that produce lactic acid, essential for the life and reproduction of essential intestinal bacteria. Normally, they make up 5–7% of the total number of microbes that inhabit the intestines. These include L.plantarum, L.fermentum, L.bulgaricum, L.casei, L.acidophilus, B.lactis.
• Donor strains. They constitute the main intestinal microflora, accounting for 90-93% total weight normal intestinal bacteria. They include B.infantis, B.longum, B.adolescents, E.faecium, B.bifidum, L.salivarius, L.rhamnosus.
• Antagonists. These are normally bacteria that do not colonize the intestines, but when consumed, they have a detrimental effect on pathogenic microbes. After entering the human body, they are excreted from it within 24 hours. Their representatives are S.boulardi, B.subtilus.

In composition:

• Monocomponent, containing one type of microbes (Colibacterin, Lactobacterin, Bifidumbacterin).
• Polycomponent or symbiotics. In their composition there are several strains of microorganisms at once, usually 2 or 3 (Bifilong, Bifiform, Acilact).
• Combined or synbiotics. They include living microbes and substances for their normal functioning (Bioflor, Kipacid, Bifiliz).
• Sorption. They contain live beneficial bacteria and enterosorbents - substances that remove toxins and allergens from the human body (Probifor, Ecoflor, Bifidumbacterin Forte).
• Recombinant. They include genetically modified microorganisms with certain desired characteristics (Subalin).

By creation time:

• The first generation, including one strain of microbes (Bifidumbacterin, Colibacterin, Lactobacterin).
• The second generation, which include antagonists (Baktisubtil, Enterol, Biosporin).
• Third generation, containing several types of microorganisms (Linex, Acipol, Bifilong).
• The fourth generation containing combined agents (Kipacid, Bifiliz).
• The fifth generation, which are symbiotics and substances necessary for their growth (Bifiform).

By type of bacteria:

• Bifid-containing (with bifidobacteria) - Probifor, Bifidumbacterin, Bifiliz.
• Lactose-containing (with lactobacilli) - Lactobacterin, Biobacton, Linex.
• coli-containing (with coli) - Bifikol, Bioflor, Colibacterin.
• Bacilli-containing (with bacilli) - Bactisporin, Bactisubtil, Sporobacterin.
• Containing enterococci - Bifiform, Lineks.

Enterococci are present only in imported probiotics.



Features of the concept of "probiotics"

Currently, the term "probiotics" has a synonym for "eubiotics". Previously, representatives of the beneficial microflora living in the large intestine were classified as eubiotics. Probiotics are all non-pathogenic microbes that improve bowel function. These include bacteria that are not normally present in the human body, but when taken, positive influence on health. Such organisms include yeast mushrooms Saccharomyces boulardi and bacilli B. subtilis, which are highly active against pathogenic microflora. Now the concepts of "probiotics" and "eubiotics" are used by doctors as synonyms, that is, they have the same meaning.

Drugs containing several types of microorganisms or strains of the same species at once are called symbiotics. That is, these are several probiotics as part of one medication. Medicines that combine probiotics and prebiotics are called synbiotics.

There are also probiotic complexes that combine probiotics, prebiotics, enterosorbents, minerals, vitamins, amino acids and other substances that improve the functioning of the intestines.

Probiotics should not be confused with prebiotics. The difference between them is huge and lies in the fact that probiotics are living beneficial microorganisms that inhabit the intestines and other human organs, and prebiotics are organic substances that contribute to the normal functioning and reproduction of non-pathogenic bacteria.



Indications and properties

Benefits of Probiotics:

• Lowering cholesterol.
• Improving the condition of the skin.
• Prevention of the development of allergies.
• Normalization of metabolism.
• elimination inflammatory phenomena in the intestine and dysbacteriosis.
• Breakdown of food.
• Participation in the synthesis of amino acids and vitamins, as well as in the production of folic acid, vitamin K, biotin, niacin.
• Suppression of development intestinal infection.
• Release of antioxidants.

Before taking probiotics, it is necessary to consult a specialist to identify the cause of the lack of beneficial microorganisms.

Probiotics are used in the complex therapy of various diseases:

1. 1. Colon cancer.
2. 2. Acute infectious diarrhea.
3. 3. Flatulence.
4. 4. Constipation.
5. 6. Abdominal upset on the background of antibiotic therapy.
6. 7. Diarrhea on the background of radiation therapy.
7. 8. Necrotic enterocolitis.
8. 9. Treatment of Helicobacter pylori.
9. 10. Diseases of the intestines of an inflammatory nature.
10. 11. Allergic rashes on the skin.
11. 12. Hepatic encephalopathy.
12. 13. Acute infectious diseases (flu, acute respiratory infections).
13. 14. Fatty degeneration of the liver.
14. 15. Prevention of systemic infections.

The most common indication for taking probiotic preparations is antibiotic therapy. Since antibiotics destroy not only pathogenic microflora, but also beneficial ones, it is advisable to use drugs that promote colonization of the intestines with beneficial bacteria.

The intestine is an organ in which the body's defenses are formed. Therefore, the presence of an optimal number beneficial microbes promotes the production of immunoglobulin A. This protein provides local immunity to the respiratory, digestive and genitourinary systems.

List of drugs

On the Russian pharmacy market, there are medicines and dietary supplements (biologically active additives) containing probiotics. All of them are divided into groups.

The list of monocomponent probiotics containing one type of microorganisms:

Name	Type of microorganism	Release form
Acylact	lactobacillus acidophilus	Tablets, lyophilisate for suspension
Baktisubtil	Bacillus cereus	Capsules
Biovestin	Bifidobacterium adolescentis	Emulsion
Biobacton	lactobacillus acidophilus	Lyophilisate
Bifidumbacterin	Bifidobacterium bifidum	Tablets, capsules, suppositories, lyophilisate
Bifinorm	B. bifidum.	Lyophilisate
Colibacterin	coli	Lyophilisate
Lactobacterin	lactobacillus acidophilus	Lyophilisate
Narine	lactobacillus acidophilus	Capsules, powder
Probifor	Bifidobacterium bifidum	Capsules, powder
Rela Life		Drops
Sporobacterin	Bacillus subtilis	Suspension
Flonivin BS	Bacillus cereus	Capsules
Euflorin-L	lactobacillus acidophilus	liquid concentrate
Euflorin-B	Bifidobacterium longum B379M	liquid concentrate
Enterol	Saccharomyces boulardi	Capsules, powder

Symbiotics containing several types of microorganisms:

Name	Type of microorganism	Release form
acidobac	Lactobacillus acidophillus Lactobacillus rhamnosus Lactobacillus bravis Lactobacillus lactis Lactobacillus bifidus Lactobacillus bulgarias Lactobacillus casei Lactobacillus plantarum Lactobacillus salivarius	Capsules
Acipol	Lactobacilli acidophilus, polysaccharide of kefir fungus	Capsules
Biovestin-Lacto	Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Lactobacillus plantarum	Emulsion
Bifikol	Escherichia coli, Bifidobacterium bifidum	Lyophilisate
Biosporin	Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis	Tablets, lyophilisate
Bifiform	Enterococcus faecium, Bifidobacterium longum	Capsules
Bifiform baby	Streptococcus thermophilus TH-4, Bifidobacterium BB-12	Drops
Yogulact	Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp.bulgaricus, Streptococcus thermophilus	Capsules
Yogulact forte	Bifidobacterium breve, Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. Bulgaricus	Capsules
Linex	E.faecium, L.acidophilus, B.infantis	Capsules
Linex forte	Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp.lactis	Capsules
Primadophilus Bifidus	Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium breve, Bifidobacterium longum	Capsules
Pro-Symbioflor	Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis	Drops
Symbiolact Compositum	Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactococcus lactis, Lactobacillus casei, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Lactobacillus salivarius, Bifidobacterium lactis	Powder
Symbiolact Plus	Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactococcus lactis, Bifidobacterium	Powder
Trilact	L.casei, L.plantarum, L.acidophilus	liquid concentrate
Florin forte	B.bifidum, L.plantarum	Capsules, powder
Evitalia	Lactococcus lactis, Lactobacillus helveticus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Streptococcus thermophilus, Propionibacterium freudenreichii ssp.shermanii	Lyophilisate

Synbiotics, including probiotics and prebiotics:

Name	Compound	Release form
Bion - 3	Bifidobacterium longum, Lactobacillus gasseri, Bifidobacterium bifidum, vitamins, minerals	Tablets
Bifidumbacterin 1000	Bifidobacterium bifidum, crystalline lactulose	Tablets
Bifilar	Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium longum, fructooligosaccharides	Capsules
Bifiliz	Bifidobacterium bifidum, lysozyme	Powder
Vitabs Bio with bifidobacteria	Bifidobacterium adolescentis, sea buckthorn fiber, bromelain, rutin	Capsules
Vitabs Bio with lactobacilli	Lactobacillus plantarum, sea buckthorn fiber, bromelain, rutin	Capsules
Maxilak	Lactobacillus helveticus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactococcus lactis, Bifidobacterium breve, Bifidobacterium longum, Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus casei, Bifidobacterium bifidum, oligofructose	Capsules
Normobact L	Lactobacillus rhamnosus, fructooligosaccharides	Powder
Normobact junior	Bifidobacterium lactis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, fructooligosaccharides	Tablets
Normoflorin	Lactobacillus acidophilus, lactitol	liquid concentrate
Flora-Dophilus+FOS	L.rhamnosus, L.plantarum, L.acidophilus, L.casei, B.longum, B.bifidum, B.breve, fructooligosaccharides	Capsules
Eubicor	Saccharamyces cerevisiae (vini), extruded wheat bran	Powder

Probiotic complexes containing probiotics and sorbents:

For treatment, it is necessary to use only high-quality dietary supplements that meet all standards and comply with the production regulations and technology for the production of medicines.

General terms of use

Probiotics are used:

1. 1. To stop the acute phase of an intestinal infection or diarrhea, drugs are used up to 6 times a day for 4 days, until the stool returns to normal.
2. 2. For the treatment of chronic conditions, medicines should be taken 3 to 4 times a day, half an hour before meals, in a course of 21 days.
3. 3. Medicines in powder form are recommended to be diluted in warm water before use. Tablets and capsules are taken with a small amount of liquid.
4. 4. When hyperacidity it is necessary to take antacids (Almagel, Maalox, Gastal) or alkaline water before taking probiotics.

The choice of a probiotic for the intestine depends on the etiology of the disease:

1. 1. In case of a viral infection, drugs with lactobacilli should be taken - Lactobacterin, Acidobak.
2. 2. In case of bacterial damage, it is necessary to use medicines, which include lacto- and bifidobacteria - Linex, Symbiolact Compositum.
3. 3. Diseases of a fungal nature are treated with agents containing bifidobacteria - Probiform, Bifidumbacterin.
4. 4. Dysbacteriosis must begin to be treated with drugs based on lactobacilli, then with bifidobacteria, and then with colibacilli. Or just start taking complex preparations including lactobacilli and bifidobacteria.

Application in pediatrics

For the treatment of children, probiotics are used in certain conditions:

1. 1. Diarrhea while taking antibiotics.
2. 2. Infectious diarrhea, especially with rotavirus.
3. 5. Irritable bowel syndrome.

Liquid form preparations are best suited for these purposes. Newborns are given lactose-free medications.

List effective means for the treatment of dysbacteriosis in children with instructions for use:

Name	Compound	Release form	Mode of application
Bifiform Baby	Bifidobacterium, Streptococcus thermophilus	Drops	1 dose 1 r / d, regardless of the age of the child
LBB kids	Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium lactis, fructooligosaccharides	Capsules	Up to 1-3 years - 1 capsule 1 r / d, 3-6 years - 1 capsule 2 r / d, 6-14 years - 1 capsule 3 r / d with meals. Course of treatment 1 month
Liveo Kid	Bifidobacterium	Suspension kit	5 drops 3 r / d or 15 drops at a time
Linex for children	Bifidobacterium animalis subs lactis	Drops	6 drops 1 r / d during meals
Linex for children	Bifidobacterium animalis DSM 15954	Powder	Up to 7 years 1 sachet 1 r / d, 7-12 years 2 sachets per day. Take with food, diluted in milk or water
Bifidumbacterin	Bifidobacterium longum	Powder, lyophilisate	Infants are given 5 doses before feeding, before dissolving in liquid
Lactobacterin	lactobacillus acidophilus	Lyophilisate	Up to 6 months - 3 doses 2 r / d, from 6 months - 3 doses 2 r / d, 1-3 years - 5 doses 2 r / d, 3-6 years - 5 doses 2-3 r / d
Probifor	Bifidobacterium bifidum	Powder, capsules	Up to six months, 1 sachet twice a day, over six months, 1 sachet up to 4 r / d, 5–7 years old - 1 capsule 4 r / d, over 7 years old - 2–3 sachets or capsules 2 r / d. Duration of treatment 5 days
Maxilak Baby	Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, Bifidobacterium lactis, Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus salivarius, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium longum, fructooligosaccharides	Sachet	From 4 months to 2 years 1 sachet per day, from 2 years - 2 sachets per day
Normobact L	Lactobacillus rhamnosus	Powder	From 1 month to 3 years - 1 sachet per day, from 3 years 1-2 sachets per day. Use after dissolving in 100 ml of liquid. Duration of application 2 weeks
Primadophilus for children	Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium infantis, Bifidobacterium longum	Powder	Children from birth to 1 year, half a teaspoon 1 r / d on an empty stomach for 10 minutes. before feeding, from 1 year to 5 years, a teaspoon once a day. Dilute in 10 ml of any liquid before use. Duration of admission up to 4 weeks
Biogaia	Lactobacillus reuteri Protectis	Drops	5 drops 1-2 r / d, pre-dilute in a teaspoon of water, milk or infant formula

Probiotics perform many beneficial functions in the gut. Their main properties are the restoration of microflora and the strengthening of immunity.



A decrease in the number of beneficial microorganisms leads to serious diseases in adults and children. However, to date there have been insufficient scientific research in order to affirmatively say which probiotic is most suitable for the treatment of a particular disease or condition of the body.

Prices for probiotic preparations are quite significant, but there are also inexpensive specimens. It depends on the manufacturer, package size and composition.

The normal and uninterrupted functioning of the intestines is ensured by the bacteria and microbes “living” in it. It is the proportional ratio of beneficial and pathogenic microorganisms that make up a favorable microclimate and microflora of the intestines and the entire gastrointestinal tract. Live bacteria or probiotics are simply necessary for the body to renew the amount of useful and conditionally beneficial bacteria who play important role in the work of the human body.

At the moment of birth, each child is still completely sterile, since his bowel not fully formed. And the first useful living bacteria get to it along with mother's milk. Such bifidobacteria are the main component of the human intestinal microflora throughout his life. They protect it from the penetration of pathogenic bacteria, take part in the synthesis of a large number of vitamins, and also help to absorb various microelements.

Second big group intestinal microflora are lactobacilli, which are necessary to protect the human body from various pathogenic and putrefactive bacteria.

What are probiotics

A probiotic is a living microorganism that makes up the normal flora of the human intestine. These drugs are non-pathogenic yeast bacteria that have resistance to opportunistic or pathogenic microorganisms, which are designed to perform many different useful functions in the digestive tract, produce biotin, vitamin K, folic acid.

Probiotics help to restore the normal microflora of the mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract, strengthen the immune system and protect it from exposure to harmful toxic substances.

That is why a change in the balance of microflora in the intestine, dysbiosis can lead to serious diseases. Clinical syndromes such as antibiotic associated diarrhea, dysbacteriosis, as well as SARS and influenza require treatment with probiotics, analogues of Linex.

Types of Probiotics for Children and Adults

We can say that the list of probiotics for the intestines is quite large, but we will only talk about some of them. Currently, there are several different types of drugs that normalize the intestinal microflora.

1. first-generation drugs based on one type of beneficial bacteria - Bifidobacterin, Lactobacterin, Colibacterin;
2. associated variant of dietary supplements - Linex;
3. third-generation drugs on a combined basis - Bifiliz, Atsilakt, Bifiform;
4. metabolic probiotics - Hilak forte;
5. second-generation drugs containing antagonistic bacteria - Baktisubtil, Biosporin, Sporobacterin.

For the normal functioning of the intestines, it is necessary to take not only live bacteria, but also prebiotics, which are undigested food elements that have a stimulating effect on certain types of microorganisms and bacteria located in the colon.

Natural prebiotics contain high molecular weight carbohydrates, which become an excellent selective material using lactobacilli and bifidobacteria of the large intestine.

Lactobacillus for the intestine preparations are most effective in serious problems with microflora. Especially with dysbacteriosis.

The most popular live bacteria for the intestines preparations:

1. Bifidumbacterin forte is the latest generation of probiotics. It has such a strong shell that the capsule easily overcomes the stomach and small intestine and enters the large intestine intact.
2. Profibor is a more concentrated preparation with bifidobacteria. One sachet contains about 10 servings of micronutrients.
3. Biovestin contains in its composition two different types of bifidobacteria and is available in liquid form.
4. Linex is one of the most effective probiotics, which is distributed throughout the Russian Federation. It's inexpensive and available drug, which contains a complex of microflora components that are located in various parts of the large intestine.
5. Bifiform- it is also an inexpensive, effective and affordable drug in which, along with beneficial bacteria, there are also enterococci, which help to completely populate all sections of the large intestine with beneficial microorganisms when certain diseases. Treatment with this drug is prescribed by a doctor - a gastroenterologist.

Also, the restoration of microflora is positively affected by such probiotics as Probalance, which is dietary fiber, Dufalac - helps to increase the level of acidity in the intestines and others.

It must be remembered that depending on the type of disease, the gastroenterologist prescribes certain medications.

So, for example, if a person has constipation, then probiotics are prescribed as adjuvants that compensate for the lack of beneficial bacteria that are necessary to restore the intestinal microflora.

Also not to be underestimated beneficial features lactobacilli and bifidobacteria, which, as a result of their vital activity, form substances that positively affect the entire process of the stomach and large intestine, and participate in the normalization of its peristalsis.

Thus, with the help of probiotics, the problem of irritable bowel and constipation, even chronic ones, are solved very quickly. The most important thing is that the body receives the natural preparation or bacteria necessary for it in time along with food in order to avoid the development of various intestinal diseases. Also, antibiotics that a person takes during various diseases have Negative influence on the intestines, killing all beneficial bacteria, and disrupting its microflora. Their shortage must necessarily be compensated for by various probiotic preparations, which can as soon as possible resume normal work GIT.

For 40 years in a row, medicine has been using the cheapest type of lactic acid probiotics - lactulose, which can solve a wide range of different intestinal problems. This substance passes absolutely through all parts of the gastrointestinal tract, remaining an excellent environment necessary for the development of beneficial bacteria and microorganisms in the large intestine in order for it to properly perform its function. You can buy such a drug and others in a regular pharmacy at the most affordable prices. Also some food products contain a large number of beneficial bacteria that live in our body.

Consider which diseases most often require treatment with probiotics along with other medications.

First generation drugs and their action

If acute intestinal infection is present, then sorbed probiotics, as well as targeted drugs, help best of all, since only complex therapy will help correct the situation and solve problems with the intestines quickly enough. For example Colibacterin has a powerful effective action during treatment a large number torpid colitis.

Symptoms such as: abdominal cramps, problems with defecation or lack of stools, acetone breath, fermentation in the intestines, a problem with digesting food, the presence of blood in the stool, weight loss and appetite - all this indicates the presence of dysbacteriosis.

Irritable bowel syndrome causes problems with intestinal motility, and at the same time constipation and diarrhea.

Probiotics such as: Bifidumbacterium and Lactobacterium, as well as their combination. They will also help to cope with flatulence and stimulate the development of beneficial microorganisms. Various preparations can be produced in the form of ampoules, capsules, suppositories, tablets, as well as in the form of a dry powder.

These are drugs such as:

1. Bifidumbacterin.
2. Lactobacterin.
3. Colibacterin.
4. Biobacton. Although this remedy contains only acidophilus bacillus, it perfectly fights various pathogenic bacteria. It is prescribed for the treatment various infections intestinal viral and bacterial etiology in parallel with antibacterial agents for children "babies" from the first day of their life.
5. Biobacton.
6. Narine.
7. Primadophilus.

Second generation probiotics

The composition of these products includes probiotics, which contain spores of certain types of spores of yeast fungi and bacilli. Sufficient quantity them in the large intestine helps to cope with various pathogenic bacteria and microorganisms.

1. Baktisubtil, Flonivin BS- restore normal intestinal microflora and have antibacterial, antimicrobial and antidiarrheal effects.
2. Baktisporin, Sporobacterin– have an active antagonistic strain.
3. Enterol- contains yeast-like fungi "saccharomycetes", which destroy clostridium that develops with diarrhea.
4. Biosporin- contains spores of bacilli Lichieniformes.
5. Eubicor - dietary supplement, which is enriched as dietary fiber, and inactivated yeast culture with minerals and various vitamins.

The third generation of probiotics (they are analogues of Linex)

Here are several preparations containing different kinds strains of several types of bacteria. They also contain additional components that enhance the effect of probiotics. They have names such as:

1. Acipol and Acilac- have strains of one type of beneficial microorganisms and contain a polysaccharide of kefir fungus;
2. Linex and Bifiform- contain strains of several types of various components at once.

fourth generation probiotics

These preparations contain adsorbed probiotics. This means that bifidobacteria for them are created on crushed particles of ordinary activated carbon. Such remedies can treat not only intestinal upset, but also more serious illness such as: SARS, candidiasis, influenza, lactose deficiency and other gastroenterological problems.

Synbiotics

They are a symbiotic probiotic series of a new generation, which contain not only bacterial strains, but also the necessary nutrients that ensure their normal functioning, that is, prebiotics. Their role is very important in the body to improve and normalize the intestinal microflora. Usually available in the form of dietary supplements. Maxilak is one of prominent representatives these drugs and contains oligofructose, useful streptococci, 9 different bacteria, bifidobacteria, lactococci, lactobacilli and other elements that simulate the normal functioning of the intestine.