Inflamed lymph node in the groin in women. Inflammation of the lymph nodes in the groin in women. Why are the lymph nodes in the groin inflamed

They are located mainly near large blood and lymphatic vessels. Normally, they are invisible and almost not palpable. Their increase may be a sign of a serious illness.

How to understand that the lymph nodes in the groin are enlarged

Lymph nodes located in the groin are called regional inguinal-iliac. They receive lymph from the genitals, perineum and lower extremities. They are located in the groin on the left and right, quite close to the surface of the skin. Therefore, even slightly enlarged lymph nodes in the groin can be felt.

What do swollen lymph nodes look like in the groin?

Usually the size of the node does not exceed 0.3–10 mm in size. The inguinal nodes can be slightly larger, about 1–1.5 cm. An increase is considered to be a change in size of more than 2–3 cm. This may happen due to the accumulation of pathogenic bacteria and viruses in it.

Enlarged lymph nodes in the groin are accompanied by symptoms of inflammation:

• Redness and swelling of the area of ​​skin above the node.
• Painful sensations during walking or when probing. A greatly enlarged lymph node may radiate with pain in the right or left side and groin.
• A bump-like bulge above the surface of the skin that is easy to see with the naked eye.
• General malaise, headache, loss of appetite and fever.

Inflammation of the lymph node - lymphadenitis is a sign that an infection has entered the body. Therefore, with such symptoms, you should immediately consult a doctor. For what reasons can the lymph nodes in the groin be enlarged?

Why are the lymph nodes in the groin enlarged?

Sometimes this happens normally, as a result of an increase in the number of cells of the immune system, such as lymphocytes and macrophages.

This can happen even with a common cold or, for example, due to an injured leg. At the same time, the enlarged lymph node in the groin does not hurt, does not lose its mobility, and usually decreases on its own within a few days. However, the reason for the enlarged lymph node in the groin is not always relatively harmless.

More often this results in:

• Sexually transmitted infections such as chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, or genital herpes.
• Injuries to the legs, perineum, abdomen or pelvic organs.
• Trophic ulcers on the legs, especially if they have an infection.
• Erysipelas is a skin lesion caused by streptococci.
• Inflammation caused by fungi.
• Oncological diseases that can affect both the lymph nodes themselves and the pelvic organs.

In some cases, an enlarged, painless lymph node in the groin can be a sign of a chronic infection. However, there may be no other symptoms. Diagnosis in such a situation can only be made with the help of tests.

A simultaneous increase in lymph nodes in the neck, in the armpits and in the groin can be a signal of the presence in the body of a serious infection, oncology, or disorders in the immune system. In such a situation, even in the absence of other symptoms, you need to visit a doctor as soon as possible.

In addition to common causes, enlarged lymph nodes in the groin area can provoke diseases that occur only in men or only in women.

Enlarged lymph nodes in the groin in men, causes

The causes of inflammation and enlargement of the lymph nodes in men and women, in most cases, do not differ. However, there are still situations inherent only to the stronger sex.

Enlarged lymph nodes in the groin in men can be a sign of pathologies such as:

• Inflammatory pathologies of the prostate gland.
• Inguinal hernia.
• Infectious diseases of the kidneys.
• Injuries to the joints of the legs, especially the hip joint.
• Balanoposthitis - inflammation of the foreskin and glans penis.
• Epididymitis is an inflammatory disease that affects the testicles and their appendages.

You can detect enlarged lymph nodes in the groin both on the right and on the left. Sometimes the pathology affects only one node, and sometimes all groups become inflamed. The severity of symptoms will also depend on how many nodes the pathology has affected. For example, if only one lymph node is enlarged on the left in the groin, then there may be no signs of inflammation at all. However, this situation should not be ignored.

Painful enlargement of the inguinal lymph nodes is most often a sign of bacterial infections or inflammation of the organs in the lower body. The flow of lymph from infected areas contains pathogens, the accumulation of which causes a response in one of the main organs of the immune system - the lymph nodes. They swell, hurt and disturb the person, causing the need to undergo a medical examination in order to understand the causes of this phenomenon.

The role and anatomy of the lymph nodes

Lymph nodes (glands) are small soft, round or oval structures that are found throughout the body and are connected to each other in a chain through channels similar to blood vessels. They are an element of the complex defense system of our body, the task of which is to combat the introduction of any infectious agents. Lymph, a watery fluid, circulates within the lymphatic vessels.

Lymph nodes are located throughout the body and are an important element of the immune system.

The knots are bean-shaped and do not exceed the size of a small olive in size. Each individual lymph node is covered by a capsule made up of connective tissue. Inside the shell are certain types of immune cells. These are mainly protein-producing lymphocytes that capture and fight viruses and other microbes, as well as macrophages that break down and remove trapped material.

Groups of lymph nodes are dispersed in different parts of the body. Some are located subcutaneously, others are deep inside the body. Even superficial lymph nodes are normally not visible or noticeable to the touch, unless they are swollen for some reason. Inflammatory phenomena in the lymph nodes that have arisen due to an infection or other (non-infectious) reason are called lymphadenitis.

Each group of lymph nodes corresponds to a specific region of the body and reflects abnormalities in that area.

Swollen lymph nodes are most pronounced, and therefore more noticeable, in the following areas:

• on the neck;
• behind the ears;
• in the chin area;
• in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe armpits;
• in the groin

Doctors primarily examine these areas, evaluating the size and consistency of the nodes.

Video: what are the lymph nodes in the body for

The mechanism of development of lymphadenitis

The inguinal glands in women and men, better known as the inguinal lymph nodes, are located in the upper thigh and lower pelvis and join along the crease. They are sometimes also called femoral lymph nodes. In total, there are about 10 elements, which together form a group known as superficial lymph nodes. They drain fluid from the skin and subcutaneous tissues below the navel, including the pelvic organs, perineum, genitals, and legs. Lymph flows from the superficial to deeper inguinal nodes (their number is from 3 to 5), which filter it and return it to the bloodstream.

Since the lymphatic system is designed to filter and remove waste from the body, its components are highly susceptible to various health disorders. As soon as the body manages to detect a pathogen, lymphocytes begin to be actively produced by the glands. This leads to the fact that individual inguinal nodes grow in volume.

The human body contains up to 1 thousand lymph nodes. They are compared with filters that purify the lymphatic fluid from pathogenic microbes, toxic substances and waste cellular material.

Swollen lymph nodes in the groin, if their diameter does not exceed 2 cm, can be considered normal for young people. In other cases, they indicate:

• one of the sexually transmitted diseases;
• local infection in the pelvis;
• infections of the lower extremities (including feet and toes);
• genital cancer.

Due to the location of these nodes in the intimate area, both men and women avoid their examination by a doctor, which is a mistake. In many cases, the tumor disappears without treatment, but for serious conditions, it is important to get timely medical evaluation.

Types of pathology

The nodes can become inflamed locally (local inguinal lymphadenitis) or throughout the body (generalized lymphadenitis). Unilateral inflammation usually occurs when an infectious agent enters the lymphatic system from the outside, while bilateral inflammation indicates an infectious process involving internal organs.

Lymphadenitis may refer to inflammation:

• specific - arise as a result of the action of a certain pathogen and are characteristic of specific diseases, such as syphilis, tuberculosis;
• non-specific - associated with a local bacterial infection.

Lymphadenitis is also distinguished:

• acute - an increase in the lymph node occurred suddenly and is accompanied by soreness, high fever and general weakness;
• chronic - caused by a long-term focus of inflammation in the inguinal region or not properly treated acute lymphadenitis.

Constantly inflamed lymph nodes are subject to adhesions and replacement of functional tissue with fibrous tissue.

Suppuration is a complication of an acute form of inflammation. Its danger lies in the risk of blood poisoning and exposure to pyogenic bacteria on surrounding tissues.

Possible causes of lymph node hypertrophy

A tumor in the area of ​​​​the accumulation of lymph nodes may be the result of local trauma. In this case, it passes as the tissues heal. Occasionally, drugs or allergic reactions can be the causes of a temporary increase in nodes. If the edema persists for a long time or is accompanied by other symptoms, then this is a reason to suspect one of the reasons listed below.

infections

Local infections of the genitals or lower extremities can cause isolated swelling of the inguinal lymph nodes. The cause of lymphadenitis at the same time three main groups of nodes - inguinal, cervical and axillary - can be a systemic infection. Diseases that could potentially be considered as an underlying cause include:

Malignant and other neoplasms

Many forms of cancer that occur in the groin area and below lead to swelling of the regional nodes - lymphadenopathy. These include:

• leukemia - cancer of the blood and bone marrow;
• lymphoma - a malignant tumor of the lymphatic system;
• oncological processes occurring in the pelvic organs, and metastases (spread) from cancer of the anus or vulva can lead to edema in the groin, not associated with lymphoma;
• A type of skin cancer that can cause swelling of the lymph nodes around the affected area.

Medicines and vaccines

The lymphatic system may react to certain drugs or vaccines, such as:

Swollen lymph nodes due to drugs are more likely to be generalized.

Systemic lesions

General swelling of the lymph nodes can develop with some systemic diseases, including:

• sarcoidosis;
• systemic lupus erythematosus;
• rheumatoid arthritis;
• tuberculous lymphadenitis.

Video: causes of enlarged lymph nodes

Features of inflammation of the lymph nodes in the groin in women during pregnancy

Often in the early stages of pregnancy, a woman may find a small, usually unilateral, enlargement of the lymph node in the groin. This happens because pregnancy weakens the immune system of the expectant mother, and the lymph nodes are sensitive to pathogens.

The node is restored relatively quickly after the first adaptation of the body. If the condition is prolonged (lasting longer than 14 days), accompanied by fever, or the site of the lesion becomes painful, you should urgently make an appointment with a doctor. This may be an infection that needs further treatment.

How to recognize inguinal lymphadenitis

External signs of node hypertrophy do not depend on the patient's gender: in men and women, the main and accompanying symptoms are associated only with the main cause of the pathology. The inflammatory process can be expressed by the following signs:

Swelling of the inguinal lymph nodes is an important clinical sign of pathology in the lower peritoneum, legs or genitals.

The condition may be accompanied by other clinical manifestations, for example:

• inflammation of the lymph nodes of other areas of the body (usually cervical, axillary);
• fever, general malaise, body tremors;
• irritation and soreness in the vagina in women, in the lower abdomen or in the genital area in men;
• uncharacteristic discharge from the genitals.

Hypertrophied lymph nodes do not always indicate a serious problem. But in some cases, you should consult a doctor for examination:

• if the edema lasts more than two weeks or there are symptoms such as unreasonable weight loss, nocturnal hyperhidrosis (sweating), fever;
• if the nodes are hard, do not move freely under the skin during palpation, or grow rapidly;
• if the skin in the swelling area is red and inflamed.

The diagnosis of swollen lymph nodes rarely requires emergency hospitalization. Exceptions are:

• a progressive skin infection that requires treatment
• a severely infected lymph node that needs to be opened;
• strong pain.

Carrying out diagnostics

If the swelling in the groin does not disappear within 14 days, and its causes are unknown, It is recommended that you contact your local physician. After the initial examination, the doctor will refer you to the right specialist. It can be a surgeon, gynecologist, urologist, venereologist or oncologist.

The doctor questions the patient about any associated symptoms. Then he conducts a physical examination of the affected nodes for the degree of their sensitivity and structural features, draws attention to the condition of the skin over this area (redness, fever). A lymph node that grows rapidly over a period of one to two days has a different cause and treatment than generalized lymph node swelling that develops over several months.

Tell your doctor about any fast-growing nodules at the time of your appointment because it helps to make a diagnosis.

For further diagnosis, the following types of studies may be required:

Treatment Methods

The type of therapy is selected based on the main cause of the enlargement of the lymph nodes.

Conservative

Standard treatment for swollen lymph nodes may include pain relievers and fever-reducing medications such as ibuprofen and paracetamol. Home remedies such as warm compresses are undesirable, at least until the underlying cause of the condition is clarified.

Heat applied to an oncological or purulent focus can aggravate the patient's condition.

If an infectious underlying cause is identified, antibiotics or antivirals are prescribed. Swollen due to viruses, the lymph nodes return to normal after the person recovers.

Bacterial and fungal inflammations are treated with the use of drugs of the following groups:

• antibacterial drugs (wide range of action: Amoxiclav, Flemoxin, Ceftazidime) - specific medications are selected depending on the type of bacterial pathogen;
• antifungal agents (Terbinafine, Clotrimazole) - ointments and creams for topical use, as well as tablets for systemic damage to the body;
• glucocorticoids (Hydrocortisone, Prednisolone, Dexamethasone) - reduce swelling and inflammation, relieve pain, are available in the form of tablets, creams and ointments;
• non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (Nimesil, Advila) - have an analgesic effect and at the same time reduce inflammation;
• immunity stimulants - are prescribed to activate the body's natural defenses;
• antihistamines (Loratadine, Cetirizine, Erius) - used if the cause of swelling is an allergic reaction, including medications.

Photo gallery: drugs that can be prescribed for the treatment of inguinal lymphadenitis

Amoxiclav is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that is used to treat the bacterial cause of inflammation. Clotrimazole is effective in fungal infections Nimesil has analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties Prednisolone is a hormonal drug that quickly stops inflammation Erius has anti-allergic properties and helps reduce inflammation

Physiotherapy

Physiotherapy is used after stopping the acute stage of inflammation. They activate blood and lymph flow, improve tissue metabolism. Physical therapy methods may include:

• ultraviolet treatment - destroys pathogens, the impact is necessary not only on the affected lymph node, but also directly on the source of infection;
• ultrasound treatment - activates the resorption of the infiltrate (accumulation of spent immune cells, blood and lymph) at the site of inflammation;
• laser radiation therapy - contributes to the speedy restoration of tissues.

Surgical

If there is a localized focus of infection (abscess, or suppuration), then it is an indication for drainage by cutting the skin and cleaning the cavity from pus and dead tissue, followed by treatment with an antiseptic. After that, a course of antibiotic therapy is prescribed. Manipulation is carried out under local anesthesia.

Nodes swollen due to the oncological process require specific treatment. Operative removal of the tumor, radiation or chemotherapy is carried out.

Folk ways

The use of natural remedies may be relevant in the complex of therapy, when the infectious nature of the inflammation is confirmed. But before using any folk remedy, it is necessary to inform the attending physician. Examples of effective natural treatments are:

Garlic has antibacterial and immunomodulatory effects Apple Cider Vinegar Helps Fight Infection Peppermint oil cools and soothes the affected area Mullein officinalis perfectly copes with viral and bacterial infections

What threatens a neglected pathology

Complications due to inflammation of the inguinal lymph nodes include:

• abscess (suppuration), requiring the opening of the abscess and the appointment of antibiotics;
• compression (squeezing) of tissues or organs in close proximity.

In some cases, the increased size of the lymph node causes compression of nearby structures. Nerve endings or vascular bundles may be compressed. A hypertrophied lymph node inside the abdominal cavity can compress the intestines and cause obstruction. As a result, urgent surgery is sometimes required.

The condition is normalized after the cure of the underlying disease. However, in cases of serious systemic infections with a weakened immune system and in patients with malignant processes, the tumor may become chronic.

Preventive measures

Not in all cases, it is possible to avoid the development of the underlying disease - the cause of the enlargement of the lymph nodes. But general preventive measures will minimize the risk of infectious or viral infections, as well as problems with immunity. These include:

• adherence to the basics of a healthy lifestyle;
• regular physical activity;
• a healthy diet (a large amount of fruits, vegetables), the exclusion of semi-finished and processed foods;
• maintenance of genital hygiene;
• minimizing casual sexual contacts, using reliable protective equipment to avoid contracting sexually transmitted infections;
• taking vitamin supplements in courses throughout the year.

It is possible to successfully cure inflamed lymph nodes in only one way: to correctly diagnose and act on the main cause that caused pathological hypertrophy. It is important to pay attention to unusual or strange swelling in the lower abdomen in a timely manner, as they may be evidence of dangerous diseases that should not be started.

One of the most mysterious systems of the body can be called the lymphatic system. Only when a person begins to get sick, he, often for the first time, understands the significance of this system.

When everything is fine, people do not think about the role the lymphatic system plays for the whole body.

The role of the lymphatic system in the human body

There are a large number of lymph nodes in the body, but the article will consider the lymph nodes in the groin in women, where their significance is located.

lymphatic system

Functions of the lymphatic system:

• Drainage.
• Body cleansing.
• Maintaining the health of the body.
• Strengthening immunity.
• Improving metabolism.

The location of the lymph nodes in a woman, what they affect

The main areas where the lymph nodes are located in women are the following:

• axillary;
• inguinal;
• cervical;
• pelvic;
• abdominal;
• chest.

Lymph nodes are mainly located in clusters near the blood vessels, where there are moving places. Lymphatic capillaries pass through most organs and tissues. It turns out that the lymph nodes and blood vessels are located throughout the body.

By the state of the lymph nodes, you can understand whether there is an inflammatory, infectious disease in the body. When the lymph nodes are in their normal state, they do not cause any pain or inconvenience. But in the presence of a disease, they increase, soreness occurs.

The location of the lymph nodes in the inguinal zone of a woman and their significance

Inguinal lymph nodes in women can be divided into two types:

1. Surface. There are from 4 to 20 of them. They are located between the groin and thigh.
2. Deep lymph nodes in the groin in women. Where they are: in depth, near the femoral blood vessels. They number from 1 to 7.

Inguinal lymph nodes in women are of great importance. They prevent the entry of pathogenic microflora into the pelvic area.

Symptoms with enlarged lymph nodes in the groin in women

In appearance, inflamed lymph nodes in women resemble a small tumor. appearing in the groin area. Where it will be depends on the cause of the inflammation. Location is possible on one or both sides.

At first, the lymph nodes in the groin in women, where the inflammatory processes are located, are not too disturbing. There may be some discomfort and mild pain.

However, with the development of the disease, the following symptoms will be noticeable:

• at the site of inflammation, redness of the skin will become noticeable;
• a hard swelling is formed, sometimes reaching an impressive size (hard balls have a feature: they roll under the fingers);
• during movement, pain may appear, which further increases and worries more and more; pain sensations also occur during physical exercises, during sexual intercourse, wearing clothes that are cramped and uncomfortable;
• body temperature will rise;

• health will worsen;
• chills, body aches, headache will appear;
• lack of appetite, general weakness and malaise;
• possible discomfort in the form of burning or itching in those places where the skin tension has occurred;
• swelling may appear on the inflamed area;
• discharge from the genitals will acquire a brown tint.

If lymphadenitis is chronic, then the severity of the above symptoms is mild.

Why are the lymph nodes in the groin inflamed in women

There are certain diseases and injuries that are manifested by inflammation of the lymph nodes in the groin. This is due to the fact that bacteria that are pathogenic in nature penetrate the body.

The most common ailments:

• Infectious diseases. The appearance of lymphadenitis is due to a number of diseases: rubella, herpes, measles.
• Complications after suffering colds, excessive hypothermia. The development of inflammation associated with these causes is not too noticeable.
• Various pathogens: tubercle bacillus, cocci.
• Injury to the groin area - falls, blows. The increase and onset of inflammation of the lymph nodes in this case occurs quickly.
• Sexually transmitted diseases: ureaplasmosis, chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis.
• Gynecological diseases - ovarian cyst, thrush.
• Oncology. In the body of a woman where a malignant tumor is located, at the stage of its development, all existing lymph nodes, including those located in the groin area, can become inflamed.

• Diseases associated with the hematological, autoimmune systems. Allergies.
• Diseases of the urinary system.

Treatment of enlarged lymph nodes in the groin

How and how to treat lymph nodes in the groin in women, where there are foci of inflammation, should be determined by a specialist, after conducting the necessary examination and identifying the causes of the inflammatory process.

Folk methods and means

They can be used only at the beginning of treatment, as part of complex therapeutic measures. You can start treatment only after visiting a doctor, which, based on the examination and test results, will exclude oncology as the cause of the development of lymphadenitis. The use of folk methods helps to speed up the healing process.

The most effective folk remedies:

• Compresses from freshly squeezed dandelion juice. Duration of treatment - 3 days at least 2 times a day.
• A compress of freshly crushed peppermint leaves. It is necessary to impose in the groin area, where there are inflamed lymph nodes in a woman. The procedure is carried out 2 times a day for 2 hours.

• Herbal collection for oral administration, which includes a number of plants: oregano, mint, plantain, St. John's wort inflorescences, dandelion roots, raspberry branches, wormwood herbs and meadowsweet. Take all the ingredients in the same ratio, grind, mix and brew like tea. Drink 2 to 3 times a day after meals, 200 ml.
• To increase immunity, a decoction is used, which includes linden flowers, raspberries, dandelion roots, herbs oregano, St. John's wort and mint. The drink is taken 30 minutes before meals. Use until complete recovery.
• Compress from echinacea tincture: dilute the solution with warm water in a ratio of 1 to 2.

Take gauze, make a bandage out of it, moisten it in the prepared solution and fix it at the site of inflammation of the lymph node with adhesive tape. Leave the compress overnight.

The use of drugs

When the first symptoms appear, the use of drugs, which include antiseptic components, is recommended. The composition of an effective anti-inflammatory ointment must necessarily include antibiotics. Compresses with Levomekol, Levosin give a good result.

The use of such drugs for purulent inguinal lymphadenitis is categorically contraindicated.

If the expected result is not enough, the doctor may prescribe the use of antibiotics. The main goal of antibiotic therapy is to eliminate the infection that caused the development of the inflammatory process.

Prescribe drugs from the penicillin group: Ampiox, Ampicillin. The duration of medication and dosage is calculated based on the degree of symptoms.

With a fungal infection of the lymph nodes, tablets with an antifungal effect are prescribed. The composition of such drugs includes Itraconazole, Fluconazole, Ketoconazole.

It is often difficult to determine the nature of the infection. Therefore, the doctor may prescribe a combination therapy: taking antibiotics and antifungal agents.

Passage of physiotherapy procedures

With lymphadenitis in the early stages of the inflammatory process, electrophoresis with antibiotics and sulfonamides is prescribed.

With a purulent form, physiotherapeutic procedures are strictly prohibited.

Surgical intervention

Previously, surgical removal of affected lymph nodes was the only way to treat lymphadenitis. This intervention could affect the decrease in the process of outflow of lymphatic fluid.

For this reason, surgical the operation is used only in emergency situations - if the disease is purulent. In this case, the festering cavity is drained, at the location of the inflamed lymph nodes.

How to treat inflamed inguinal lymph nodes

Only a specialist after receiving the results of the examination will be able to prescribe the necessary therapeutic measures. Before receiving the results of the tests, the doctor will prescribe drugs whose action is aimed at strengthening the immune system. It is recommended to take Echinacea purpurea tincture 15-30 drops 3 times a day.

During treatment, it is necessary to take care of a balanced and proper diet. It is recommended to increase in the daily menu the volume of consumed sour-milk products, garlic, fresh onions.

Fatty, salty, heavy foods should be banned. Alcoholic and carbonated drinks are prohibited.

If the inflammation of the lymph nodes has arisen due to hypothermia, foot baths should be done.

It is strictly forbidden to warm up the inflamed lymph nodes

The main treatment for an increase in the lymph nodes in the groin in women will be aimed at eliminating the cause of the inflammation. As soon as it becomes clear where the primary source is and when it is eliminated, the inguinal lymph nodes will decrease, and the disease will recede.

The appearance of an inflammatory process of the lymph nodes in the inguinal region in women means that pathogenic bacteria have entered the body. You should not postpone a visit to the doctor, since only a specialist can determine the cause and prescribe treatment.

All about inflammation of the inguinal lymph nodes in women. Watch a helpful video:

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The lymph node is an important and main component of the human lymphatic system. There are more than 400 lymph nodes in the human body, each of which protects the part of the body assigned to it from external infections, foreign objects, cancer cells and bacteria. As a rule, lymph nodes are located in places that require the most protection, where the largest blood vessels are located. These include: inguinal region, popliteal fossa, neck, armpits.

Inflammation of the lymph nodes indicates an inflammatory or infectious disease that has arisen in the body.

Causes of inflammation of the lymph nodes in the groin in women

Lymph nodes located in the groin are responsible for the pelvic region and the leg area. Inflammation of the lymph node always occurs at the site of infection.

Most common and main reasons inflammation of the lymph nodes in the groin area are:

1. fungal diseases of the groin (skin folds, labia, anal area) and / or legs (feet, nails, fingers)
2. venereal diseases
3. trauma or mechanical damage to the skin
4. infections caused by bacteria such as: streptococcus, cat-scratch disease, staphylococcus aureus

In women, gynecological diseases or gynecological intervention, diseases of the reproductive system, oncological diseases, or ordinary hypothermia of the lower body can lead to inflammation of the inguinal lymph nodes. The lymph nodes of the inguinal region can also respond with an increase or inflammation to a decrease in immunity as a result of the flu or SARS.

A slight increase in the inguinal lymph node in a woman can cause painful menstruation, most often this phenomenon is temporary.

The following specialists will help determine the true cause of inflammation of the lymph node: urologist, gynecologist, surgeon, dermatologist-venereologist.

Symptoms of inflammation of the lymph nodes in the groin

The lymph node in the normal state is practically not noticeable. Inflamed, it increases in size, and you can not only feel it on palpation, but simply see it during a routine examination. On palpation, the inflamed lymph node is felt like a subcutaneous and vague "inflated ball", the size of a large bean.

In addition to the increase in size, inflammation of the lymph node is accompanied by the following symptoms:

1. temperature rise
2. pain or discomfort in the lower abdomen, aggravated by movement
3. pain on palpation
4. redness and induration at the site of inflammation
5. with purulent inflammation, headache, weakness in the body, chills are possible
6. change in blood composition
7. itching and burning in the groin area

Inflammation of the lymph nodes in oncological diseases often proceeds painlessly therefore, with even a slight increase in the lymph node in the groin, it is necessary to undergo a complete examination. Often, inflammation can spread to neighboring lymph nodes, and a systemic disease occurs, characterized by multiple inflamed and enlarged nodes.

Treatment of lymph nodes in the groin in women

Treatment of lymph nodes in the groin directly depends on the cause of the inflammation. A complete examination will help to establish the cause: ultrasound of the pelvic organs, gynecological examination, delivery of general tests.

In the early stages of the disease, drug therapy, which is aimed at getting rid of viruses, infections and bacteria, as well as physiotherapy.

The lymphatic system is closely connected with the body's immune system, so the treatment will be based on the restoration and strengthening of immunity with the help of immunostimulating drugs. From folk remedies, echinacea tincture has proven itself.

If the cause is cancer (cervical cancer, malignant tumors), then surgery and / or chemotherapy is possible.

Inflammation of the lymph node in the groin is always a consequence of the occurrence of a disease in the body, and treatment should be directed to the cause, and not to the effect.

Lymph nodes are filters that clean the lymph from bacteria, viruses, toxins and cellular decay products. All of these agents enter the lymph from peripheral tissues and are neutralized by immune cells in the lymph nodes. In addition, the maturation of the T-cell link of immunity occurs in them: T-helpers and T-killers, which are responsible for the antitumor and antiviral defense of the body.

Lymph nodes that collect lymph from a specific part of the body are called regional. From the lower extremities, perineum and genital organs, lymph flows through the inguinal lymph nodes. They lie to the right and left of the perineum in the region of the inguinal ligament and large vessels of the lower limb, covered from above with subcutaneous fat and skin. Inflammation of the lymph nodes of the groin is called lymphadenitis of the groin. The disease occurs in both sexes and more often develops in children, young and mature people.

It should be understood that not any enlargement of the lymph nodes in the groin is called lymphadenitis. A similar reaction occurs when exposed to viral infections, excessive sun exposure, autoimmune processes, overheating and indicates the activation of the T-cell link of immunity. Immune cells in the nodes actively multiply and develop, which leads to functional hyperplasia (increase in the number) of lymphoid tissue. In healthy people, up to 5 groups of lymph nodes can be enlarged, which is not considered a pathology. The ending -it in the word lymphadenitis means inflammatory changes in the tissue of the lymph node, which will be discussed below.

The reasons

In the vast majority of cases, inguinal lymphadenitis is caused by pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms. They penetrate into the lymph nodes from the focus of inflammation, which is localized in the external genitalia, perineum or in the tissues of the lower limb. The main causative agents of lymphadenitis include:

As a rule, inflammation of the inguinal lymph nodes develops against the background of the underlying disease, as a manifestation of dissemination of the pathogen with lymph flow. The following conditions lead to the appearance of lymphadenitis:

• lower limb and perineum;
• infected abrasions, cuts, wounds;
• festering trophic ulcers;
• erysipelas of the skin of the lower extremities, lower abdomen, buttocks;
• sexually transmitted diseases (syphilis);
• fungal infection of the nails and skin of the feet;
• phlegmon or abscess in the tissues of the lower limb and perineum.

Sometimes lymphadenitis is one of the signs of a growing tumor of lymphoid or other tissues:

• metastases located on the lower extremities, perineum, buttocks;
• metastases of tumors of the external genital organs.

In each sex and age group, the most common causes of lymphadenitis can be identified:

• in children - infected abrasions and wounds of the lower extremities, tumors of the lymphoid tissue, osteomyelitis;
• in women - sexual infections (syphilis, chlamydia), purulent processes of the vulva (vulvitis, bartholinitis), infected trophic ulcers of the lower extremities, erysipelas of the skin;
• in men - venereal diseases (syphilis, chlamydia), inflammatory diseases of the external genital organs (balanoposthitis, urethritis), boils on the buttocks, lower extremities, tumors of the lymphoid tissue.

What happens in the lymph nodes

Inflammation, regardless of the cause, always proceeds according to the same scenario. Any of the factors listed above (viruses, bacteria, tumor cells) damage the structures of the lymph node, as a result of which biologically active substances are released from the damaged cells. The latter trigger a whole cascade of responses designed to stop the further spread of the pathogen. These include:

• vasodilatation, leading to stagnation of blood in the area of ​​the lymph node;
• increased vascular permeability to blood plasma and immune cells;
• exit of the liquid part of the blood into the tissue of the lymph node with the formation of edema;
• migration of leukocytes from the bloodstream into the cavity of the lymph node.

It would seem that the lymph nodes are filled with immune cells, why are they not able to cope with the pathogen themselves? The fact is that T-lymphocytes work in close cooperation with other immune cells and without their help "do not see" the enemy. In addition, their main function is the destruction of the body's own cells, in which any changes have occurred. Neutrophils and blood monocytes are responsible for antimicrobial protection, it is they who rush in large numbers to the focus of inflammation in response to a distress signal.

Further development of events depends on the stage at which it will be possible to destroy the enemy:

• serous inflammation ends at the stage of formation of edema and activation of immunity;
• purulent - with the death of a large number of neutrophils, lymph node cells and bacteria;
• phlegmon - with purulent melting of the capsule of the lymph node and the spread of the process to the adjacent subcutaneous fat.

Clinical picture

Enlarged lymph nodes- this is the main clinical sign of inguinal lymphadenitis. They protrude from under the skin in the form of rounded formations (a bump on the bend of the leg in the inguinal region), the skin above them is normal or hyperemic, they are painful on palpation. The general pattern is that the more pronounced the destructive process in the lymph nodes, the worse the patient's condition.

Purulent lymphadenitis accompanied by severe pain in the groin, due to which the patient is forced to limit movement in the hip joint. Any attempt to abduct the limb stretches the inguinal ligament and causes him significant suffering. A limited purulent cavity sometimes opens on its own with a yellow-green thick mass flowing out of it. With the further spread of the process with the formation of phlegmon, the general condition of the patient deteriorates sharply:

• his temperature rises to 39-40 degrees C
• aching muscles and joints, headache, no appetite.

At the beginning of the process, the inflamed lymph nodes are mobile and not soldered to the underlying tissues. Gradually, the process captures the subcutaneous fat and the capsule of neighboring nodes, resulting in the formation of motionless, painful packets of lymph nodes. The skin above them is usually changed - it acquires a purple-bluish stagnant color, which persists for a long time in the form of a hyperpigmentation spot.

The described clinical picture is the result of exposure to nonspecific microflora (staphylo-, streptococci, Escherichia coli, Proteus, Klebsiella). Specific pathogens cause a change in tissues characteristic only for them, which we will consider below. Most of these diseases occur in both adults and children. Features of inguinal lymphadenitis in children is a violent reaction of lymphoid tissue to inflammation with a pronounced increase in lymph nodes.

Cat scratch disease - felinosis

The disease develops 1-2 weeks after a scratch or bite by a cat (most often stray kittens) infected with one of the pathogenic types of chlamydia. A red spot forms at the site of a healed abrasion, which gradually transforms into a small skin sore. After another couple of weeks, regional lymphadenitis develops, a large bubo is formed. The patient's condition by this time is deteriorating sharply, he has a high fever and signs of severe intoxication.

Tuberculosis

Mycobacterium tuberculosis enters the inguinal lymph nodes quite rarely, usually from the gastrointestinal tract, bones and skin of the lower extremities, and genital organs. They are well protected from the body's immune aggression and travel freely through the lymphatic vessels with the lymph flow. Mycobacteria settle in one or more lymph nodes of the same group and cause specific inflammation in them.

With tuberculous lesions, 3 types of lymphadenitis are distinguished:

• infiltrative- in the lymph nodes there is an increased reproduction of T-lymphocytes, they significantly increase the volume of the node and make its consistency dense. The course of the disease is benign, the nodes are not painful, they are not soldered to the surrounding tissues, the skin over them is not changed.
• Caseous - in the cavity of the lymph nodes, tissue disintegrates with suppuration and the formation of a cheesy crumb-like mass (caseous necrosis). Outwardly, they increase in size, become dense, painful, solder with the underlying tissues and skin. The skin at the site of inflammation turns red, in some cases holes (fistulas) form on its surface, which communicate with the cavity of the lymph node. Pus and caseous masses come out through them, their healing occurs slowly, through the formation of a scar.
• Indurative - characterized by a long course, a weak severity of the inflammatory process and the transformation of lymphoid tissue into scar tissue. The lymph node decreases in size, becomes immobile, very dense. Soreness on palpation is moderate or weak, gradually it disappears.

Tuberculous lymphadenitis is accompanied by a low temperature increase, increased fatigue, weakness, and weight loss. The diagnosis is confirmed by isolation from the contents of the node of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (see).

Inguinal lymphogranulomatosis

Inguinal lymphogranulomatosis is the most common form of chlamydial infection in Europe. Infection occurs through unprotected sexual contact. Initially, a small, painless erosion forms on the genitals, which heals quickly without treatment. After 1.5-2 months, one or more lymph nodes increase in the groin, they become soldered to each other, with tissues, the skin over them turns red.

Gradually, the nodes soften, through holes are formed on their surface, through which yellow-green pus is released outward. At the time of suppuration, the patient's condition worsens: his body temperature rises and manifestations of intoxication occur. In the outcome of the disease, in some cases, elephantiasis is formed - a pronounced edema of the entire lower limb on the side of the lesion due to a violation of the outflow of lymph. The diagnosis is confirmed by the detection of specific anti-chlamydial antibodies in the blood.

Syphilis

Inguinal lymphadenitis in men and women is often caused by pale treponema - the causative agent. An increase in lymph nodes occurs in the first stage of the disease, a few weeks after infection, which occurs sexually. At the site of infection, a painless dense tubercle is formed up to a cm in diameter. Within 7-10 days, the inguinal lymph nodes increase, usually on both sides.

All changes are imperceptible to the patient, as they do not bring any discomfort. Diagnosis of the disease is carried out by detecting specific antibodies in the blood and mobile treponema in smears from the genital tract.

bubonic form of plague

The disease is rare in the modern world, but natural foci of pathogen circulation still exist in the countries of Central Asia (Uzbekistan, Tajikistan). The intensification of migration processes increases the risk of bringing the plague into our country, so there is a certain epidemiological alertness in relation to it. The disease is transmitted through the bite of a flea or rat, after which the person becomes contagious to others.

Most often, the plague occurs with the formation of buboes near the site of infection. Bubo is a large (3-5 cm) inflamed lymph node, in the cavity of which there is a pronounced decay of tissues and suppuration. With plague, its contours are fuzzy, it quickly becomes soldered to the surrounding tissues, the skin above it is purple-bluish. The general condition of the patient is extremely severe, he is exhausted by high fever and general intoxication of the body. Confirmation of the diagnosis is carried out by bacteriological seeding on nutrient media of material from the patient (blood separated from the bubo).

bubonic form of tularemia

In our country, the disease occurs in the steppe and forest-steppe zones (Bashkiria, Smolensk region, Orenburg region, Dagestan). Infection occurs through contact with the skins of rodents and through the bites of blood-sucking insects. The bubo is formed near the site of the introduction of the pathogen.

The tularemia bubo has clear contours, is not soldered to the skin and neighboring lymph nodes. It slowly increases in size, suppuration occurs no earlier than the 3rd week from infection, the reverse development of the process is also long. The patient's condition suffers moderately, pain in the groin is tolerable and does not interfere with human activity. The diagnosis is confirmed by the detection of antibodies to the pathogen in the blood and an allergic test with tularemia toxin.

Tumor lesion

An isolated increase in inguinal lymph nodes occurs when tumors metastasize in them from nearby tissues and, in some cases, at the onset of lymphoma or lymphogranulomatosis. Metastases cause a specific inflammation in which the affected node becomes so dense that it is compared in hardness with a tree. At the same time, pain sensations are weak or absent altogether, the surrounding tissues are not involved in the inflammatory process.

With tumors of the lymphoid tissue, all the lymph nodes of the inguinal group increase. The patient's condition worsens slowly, gradually, characterized by severe weakness and weight loss. An increase in temperature to 38-39 degrees C occurs during the decay of the tumor tissue, with lymphogranulomatosis, fever is easily tolerated. The diagnosis is confirmed by a cytological examination of the contents of the lymph node - atypical cells are found in it.

Diagnostics

The diagnosis of the disease is established on the basis of the anamnesis, complaints of the patient, examination and palpation of the inguinal region. To determine the cause of lymphadenitis, the doctor uses laboratory tests and instrumental research methods.

Anamnesis and complaints

The onset of the disease can be acute and gradual, depending on the characteristics of the pathogen. Data on unprotected sex, injuries of the lower extremities, contacts with a cat, the presence of patients with tuberculosis or syphilis in the immediate environment play an important role. Patients complain about:

• discomfort in the groin area;
• enlarged inguinal lymph nodes;
• pain when walking, movements in the hip joint;
• feeling of heat and tension in the groin;
• redness of the skin over the inguinal nodes;
• the formation of fistulas on the skin through which pus / fluid / curd mass is released.

Inspection and palpation

When examining the inguinal region, the doctor pays attention to the size of the lymph nodes, their mobility, and the severity of the inflammatory process. Active inflammation is indicated by such signs as:

• sharp soreness of the lymph node during palpation;
• pronounced swelling of the tissues surrounding the lymph node;
• the immobility of the node due to its fusion with the surrounding tissues;
• dense elastic consistency of the lymph node;
• bright red skin color over the modified node.

The softening of the center of the inflamed node is a sign of a formed purulent cavity inside it. If its wall spontaneously opens and the process captures the subcutaneous fat, then in the groin area a painful area of ​​compaction without clear boundaries is found - phlegmon. Fistulous passages on the skin look like holes through which pus and necrotic masses are released.

In the tumor process, inflammation is less pronounced:

• slight enlargement of the lymph node;
• redness of the skin is weak or absent;
• nodes are not soldered to the underlying tissues;
• pain is moderate or barely noticeable;
• lymph nodes are hard to the touch (“potatoes in a bag”).

Laboratory and instrumental tests

To confirm the diagnosis, the doctor prescribes:

• - during the inflammatory process, there is a decrease in the color index, an increase in the number of leukocytes, an acceleration of ESR;
• - lymphadenitis causes an increase in the serum concentration of C-reactive protein, seromucoid, with tumors of the lymphoid tissue, hyperproteinemia occurs (excess protein in the plasma);
• - in adults with inflammation, it is possible to detect protein in the urine, in children - ketone bodies;
• blood test for specific antibodies to pathogens- they allow you to determine the cause of inflammation;
• microscopic examination- a study under a microscope of the contents of the lymph node provides information about the nature of inflammation, the pathogen and the presence of tumor cells;
• bacteriological seeding of material from the lymph node on nutrient media- there is a growth of a colony of microorganisms, due to which it is possible to determine the type, genus of the pathogen and its sensitivity to antibiotics.

Among the instrumental methods used:

• radiological- allows you to determine changes in the lungs with tuberculosis, to detect calcifications in the lymph nodes;
• Ultrasound - examines the size of the node, the presence and nature of the contents, the state of nearby tissues, impaired lymph outflow;
• inguinal lymph node biopsy- it is pierced with a needle and the contents are taken into a syringe for further examination;
• PET - is prescribed for suspected metastasis to the inguinal lymph nodes to detect the primary tumor.

Principles of treatment

Various specialists deal with the treatment of inguinal lymphadenitis, depending on the underlying pathology. Most often it falls into the field of view:

• infectious disease specialists
• surgeons
• dermato-venereologists.

Inguinal lymphadenitis in women is sometimes carried out by gynecologists if it is combined with pathology in their profile. In many cases, a separate therapy for lymphadenitis is not carried out, since it resolves on its own after the elimination of the causative disease. If the lymph nodes do not return to their original size for a long time, sessions of warming physiotherapy (UHF, magnet, laser) are performed.

Active treatment requires cases of purulent inflammation of the lymph nodes. The patient is prescribed a course of broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs, anti-inflammatory and antihistamines. To prevent soldering of the lymph nodes, in some cases it is carried out.

With the maturation of a purulent cavity, the formation of fistulas, phlegmon, surgical intervention is performed. The doctor, under local anesthesia, opens the lymph node, removes pus and destroyed tissues from it, rinses its cavity with an antiseptic solution and loosely sutures it with several sutures. Drainage remains in the node, through which the inflammatory exudate comes out and the lymph node is washed again.

Inflammation of the inguinal lymph nodes in most cases is not a separate disease, but a sign of an infectious or tumor process in the lower extremities and perineum. Attempts to eliminate lymphadenitis on their own are akin to symptomatic treatment, which alleviates the patient's condition, but in no way affects the development of the disease itself. To prescribe adequate treatment and establish the cause of the disease, it is necessary to visit a doctor and undergo an examination.