Surikov's biography is briefly the most important. The meaning of Surikov Ivan Zakharovich in a brief biographical encyclopedia. Krasnoyarsk and Siberia

Speaking of Russian poets, talented natives of the people, one cannot help but recall the bright representative of "peasant" creativity - Ivan Zakharovich Surikov (1841-1880). His poems grew into folk songs ("Rowan", "I grew up as an orphan", "In the steppe"), and the music of many famous Russian composers was set to his words.
Ivan Surikov was born in the outback, in the village of Novoselovo, Yaroslavl province, on March 25, 1841, according to the old style. His father was a clerk in Moscow, and later became the owner of his own shop. The early years of the future poet passed against the backdrop of village life and left an exceptionally warm mark in his soul.
At the age of 8, little Surikov and his mother left for Moscow, joining his father. Here Ivan began to study literacy. His teachers were two women in respectable years, coming from a ruined merchant family. So the boy joined the poems of I. Dmitriev, A. Merzlyakov and other songwriters, and also got acquainted with the life of the saints. This is what influenced the further fate of Surikov, tightly linking theology, folk motifs and prompting the future author to his own work, which in the future will be the classics of Russian poetry.
But the father of the future poet was against this occupation, and after waiting for the boy to grow up, he made him his assistant. Having seized a free moment, Surikov continued to enthusiastically read literary works and, closer to the second half of the fifties, took the first, timid steps in writing.
However, they did not have to be seen by a wide audience - the poems were destroyed by the novice poet. However, he did not leave his passion - after a short amount of time, new plays and poems were created.
A great success in the fate of the author was his acquaintance with the well-known among the youth writer A. Pleshcheev, who was impressed by the talent of the young man. Being an authoritative critic and a respected writer, he helped Surikov publish poetry for the first time. They were published in Entertainment magazine.
Despite the first success, Surikov did not become a victim of fame, on the contrary: he began to make higher demands on his work, tirelessly improving the style, form and devoting more and more time to poetry. This even entailed leaving the father's shop and became the beginning of an independent life. The poet had to work as a copyist of papers, a typesetter in a printing house, and even try his hand at industrial trade - selling coal and iron. As a result, the road of life again led him to his father's shop, and Surikov returned to the well-known family business.
But the ordeal did not cool the author's passion for poetry: he continued to create. His works were published by such well-known publications as Vestnik Evropy, Delo, and in 1871 the first collection of poems by Ivan Surikov was published. This was followed by two more poetry collections, 1875 and 1877. Also, 1875 marked another bright event - the author's membership in the "Society of Lovers of Russian Literature".
Surikov embodies his entire difficult life, saturated with difficulties, hardships and hardships, in his poetry, filling it with light sadness, warm memories and unique melody, intertwining it with folk motives and thereby giving it the necessary simplicity. In his works, the poet reflects those topics that deeply excite his heart, and which he knows well - the beauty of nature, the life and exhausting work of peasants and urban residents living in poverty. With his work, Surikov echoes Nikolai Nekrasov, Alexei Koltsov, Ivan Nikitin.
A vivid reflection of the difficult life of ordinary people can be seen in such verses as “Workers”, “On the Road”, “In the Grave”, “To the Working Brother” and others. And the beauty of Russian landscapes is glorified in the works: “On the Shore”, “Winter”, “It Silences in the Air”, “Autumn” and many others.
The historical line is also often traced in the work of Surikov, closely intertwined with folklore. The poet creates epics on legendary subjects: "Sadko", "Little Russian Song", and the poems "The Execution of Stenka Razin", "Kanut the Great", "Cornflower" refer the reader to the events of the history of the Russian land.
As a result of the release of poetry collections, Surikov gained well-deserved fame and universal recognition. Moreover, the expansion of the circle of acquaintances in the literary environment led to the creation of a circle of poets who came from the people, in the center of which was the author. Then the association grew into the "Surikov Literary and Musical Circle", and Ivan Surikov initiated the publication of the collection of poems "Dawn" (1872), which became the result of collective creativity.
Unfortunately, the thorny path of life, filled with troubles and half-starved years, left a deep imprint on the poet's health: in 1878-1879, Ivan Zakharovich developed tuberculosis. Even the passage of treatment in resort health resorts did not give relief, and the disease progressed more and more, taking away the poet's vitality. Until the last days, his wife M. Ermakova was next to him, they lived a happy family life, getting married back in 1860.
On April 24 (according to the old style), 1880, at the age of 39, Ivan Surikov died. The grave of one of the closest Russian poets to the people is located in Moscow, at the Pyatnitsky cemetery.

Ivan Zakharovich Surikov was born (March 25) on April 6, 1841 in the village of Novoselovo, Yaroslavl province, into the family of a peasant who served as a clerk in Moscow, and then opened his own shop there. Ivan spent his childhood in the village, about which he retained the brightest memories.

In 1849, together with his mother, Surikov moved to Moscow to his father and was soon given to learn to read and write to two elderly sisters from a bankrupt merchant family. One of them introduced Ivan into the realm of the lives of the saints, and the other introduced poets-songwriters I. Dmitriev, N. Tsyganov, A. Merzlyakov to the verses. So in the outlook of the future poet, folk art was firmly intertwined with Christian motives, which became the beginning of his poetry.

Ivan's passion displeased his father, and as soon as his son grew up, he made him his assistant. Despite the severity, in his free time from work, Surikov continued to read a lot and already in the second half of the 1850s he began to write his own poems. However, they were not preserved - the author destroyed them. But then followed a whole series of poems and plays.

In 1862, Surikov met the poet A. Pleshcheev, who highly appreciated his works, contributed to the formation of the young man's poetic talent, and also helped him publish his poems in the Entertainment magazine, followed by publications in other publications.

Although success inspired Surikov, nevertheless, he became stricter in his attitude to his works and improved more and more in form, devoting a lot of time to writing. In the mid-1860s, he even left his father's shop to live on his own. He had to work as a copyist of papers, a typographic typesetter, and trade in coal and iron. However, he was soon forced to return to his father to engage in trade again.

Despite everyday difficulties, Surikov continued to write a lot, his poems began to be published in the well-known major magazines Delo and Vestnik Evropy, in 1871 the poet's first own poetry collection was published. Then he published two more collections of poems (1875, 1877), in 1875 he was elected a member of the Society of Lovers of Russian Literature.

All of Surikov's poetic work, inextricably linked with the traditions of Russian literature and folklore, in some ways echoing the poetry of A. Koltsov, T. Shevchenko, N. Nekrasov, I. Nikitin, vividly reflects the poet's own life, full of hardships and suffering. He managed to express everything he experienced in simple, heartfelt verses, distinguished by lyricism and melody. The main themes of his poetry are the life of the peasantry, the urban poor, their exhausting work, pictures of nature ...

Among the famous poems of the poet, which depict the life of ordinary people, are “The Dying Seamstress”, “Quietly Skinny Horse”, “The Share of the Poor”, “What is not a stinging nettle”, “Two images”, “In the grave”, “Kosari” , "Need", "In prison" and many others. A special place in his work is occupied by poems about children and beautiful pictures of Russian nature (“It falls silent in the air”, “From the trees of the shadow”, “Sleep and awakening”, “At the mother's grave”, “Winter”, “At night” and others).

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In the works of Surikov on historical topics, the connection of his poetry with folklore was clearly affected. He wrote a number of epics, legends (“Little Russian Song”, “Two Images”, “Sadko”, “Heroic Wife”) and poems on the plots of Russian history (“Vasilko”, “Kanut the Great”, “The Execution of Stenka Razin” and others) .

After the publication of collections of poems, Surikov became famous, the circle of his literary acquaintances expanded, and soon a circle of self-taught writers formed around him - literary forces from the people. On the initiative of Ivan Zakharovich, a collective collection of their works, Dawn (1872), was prepared. Subsequently, a group of these writers united in the "Surikov Literary and Musical Circle" (which existed until 1917).

But the years of worldly ordeals, half-starvation and extremely unfavorable working conditions greatly undermined the poet's health and led him to tuberculosis. He was not helped by his stay in medical resorts in eastern Russia in 1878-79, the disease progressed.

Ivan Zakharovich was married to M. Ermakova, whom he married in 1860 and lived happily until the end of his life.

The poet Ivan Zakharovich Surikov died (April 24) on May 6, 1880 in Moscow in poverty, was buried at the Pyatnitskoye cemetery.

Vasily Surikov is an artist, an outstanding master in Russian fine art of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. Surikov's work is closely connected with the bright periods of the history of Russia; in his large-scale works, the artist truthfully conveyed the characteristic features of the Russian people, their originality and vital essence.

Vasily Surikov comes from a poor Cossack family and from early childhood was close to his people. The paintings of the artist Surikov are very remarkable for their magnificent coloristic interpretation of the letter, where there is a clear innovation of the artist in creating colorful canvases, the colorful composition of which is still being studied by contemporary artists today.

Surikov Vasily Ivanovich short biography and creativity. . The artist was born in the city of Krasnoyarsk in a Cossack family. From early childhood, the artist showed the beginnings of a talent for drawing. At the age of eight, the boy was accepted to study at the Krasnoyarsk parish school, where his teacher N. V. Grebnev discovered his ability to draw, who helped the young artist work with paints, while teaching him separately, he told and showed many subtleties of pictorial literacy and about the great masters of pictorial art. art. This was a good springboard for the future development of Surikov.

But not everything went smoothly in Surikov's life, at the age of 11 his father dies from an illness, the family was in a difficult financial situation. Nevertheless, after graduating from the school, he is placed in the office, in parallel with this, the boy works hard with drawings, paints watercolors and develops himself as an artist, hoping to go to study as an artist in the future. And by chance, the governor liked the watercolors, in whose family Surikov even gave lessons later.

The local gold miner P. Kuznetsov was a frequent guest in the governor’s family. Seeing the remarkable talent of the young master, he decided to financially contribute to the young man’s desire to enter the Academy of Arts in St. failure. Therefore, he decides to enter the drawing school of the Union for the Encouragement of Artists, where he works hard on himself in drawing and other areas, after three months of study he again tries to pass the exam at the academy and successfully passes during the years of study 1869 to 1875.

He successfully makes up for what he dreamed of, deservedly receiving various awards for his work. Studying ancient ancient art, he masterfully creates a drawing of Belshazzar's Feast, where his work is noted in a magazine called World Illustrations.

Finally, it would seem that he deserves a big gold medal with a pensioner's trip abroad for the painting of the Apostle Paul, but some leading figures in the academy decided to refuse the award. Nevertheless, during his studies at the academy, Vasily Surikov received several silver medals, with a material bonus.

Of course, looking at such a situation, the artist did not like the principles of studying at the academy, despite this, the artist works a lot in 1870. He creates a picture View of the monument to Peter 1 on Senate Square.

After moving to Moscow, he will be entrusted with painting frescoes in the Cathedral of Christ the Savior. Surikov creates the first large-scale work Morning of the Streltsy Execution, in which the artist vividly describes the tragic moments after the Streltsy rebellion under Peter the Great.

The picture was painted by 1881, the year of joining the ranks of the association of the Wanderers, where Surikov exhibits his work to the general public.

Charged with the desire to paint pictures about Russian history, the artist creates the next Menshikov masterpieces in Berezovo and the painting by Boyaryn Morozova, which was shown at the 15th exhibition of the Wanderers.

In 1887, in 1888, his wife died, having difficulty experiencing these times, later he and his daughters went to their homeland in Krasnoyarsk, being there in some despondency, in order to cheer up, remembering the games of their childhood.

He decides to write a more cheerful and cheerful work, the picture of the Capture of a snowy town, local peasants were involved in the scene of the characters, and the peasants blinded the snowy town right in the courtyard of his house.

The painting was enthusiastically received by the public and was even sent to an exhibition in France, where it was shown in Paris in 1890, and was awarded a nominal medal.

In 1891, Vasily Surikov again turns to Russian history, having decided to paint a picture of the Conquest of Siberia by Yermak, for several years working on a historical work, in different places in Russia, the artist creates sketches and sketches for the picture.

On the canvas, Surikov vividly reflected the characteristic images of the heroes, showing a bold impulse, Cossacks ready for battle, colorfully displaying the warring parties to death. The picture was painted in full in 1895.

Another work with a similar historical theme Vasily Surikov creates a picture of Suvorov's Crossing the Alps, starting to work in Krasnoyarsk, he also travels abroad to Switzerland, where he studies the mountainous terrain and chooses a place to write sketches, the picture was exhibited in St. Petersburg and Moscow and was bought by himself Tsar.

The next stage is also a historical canvas painting of Stepan Razin with the Cossacks sailing on a large boat. The artist also refers to the life of the royal family and in 1912 creates a picture of a visit to the princess convent, the artist expressively describes the presence of the princess in the church among the humble nuns.

The artist Vasily Surikov was very devoted to his status as a free artist, being full of thoughts about creating his historical canvases, he never wanted to be distracted from the chosen path.

He was often offered a job as a teacher at art schools and at the academy of arts, which he always refused, in this field he even quarreled somewhat with Repin, who also persuaded him to teach at the academy.

The character of the artist was more inclined towards solitude, he did not like various secular parties.

It was also rare that anyone could go to his studio, where historical images were born at the master. In essence, he was a somewhat withdrawn person and he had few friends, however, he was very kind and touching in his family, he was always in good relations with his relatives, he often wrote letters to his mother and brother in Krasnoyarsk.

By the end of his busy creative life, Vasily often visits his homeland, paints a number of landscapes, watercolor sketches, and sometimes paints portraits.

By 1915, Surikov felt a deterioration in his health, went to the Crimea for treatment, but due to a sick heart, he died in 1916 and was buried in Moscow at the Vagankovsky cemetery.

Surikov's work is highly appreciated in Russian fine arts, his historical works truly reflect the difficult periods of the life of the Russian people in the history of Russia.

The future great painter was born on January 12 (24), 1848 in Krasnoyarsk, in a family that belonged to the Cossack class.

After the early death of his father, the family had a hard time, and Vasily's mother was forced to rent out the second floor of their house. There was barely enough money for the bare necessities, but the wise woman, noticing her son's passion for drawing, managed to pay for painting lessons. Vasily's first teacher was N. V. Grebnev, who taught drawing at the Krasnoyarsk district school.

The earliest work by Surikov, which has come down to our times intact, was the watercolor "Rafts on the Yenisei", written by him at the age of 14.

After graduating from college, his mother did not have the opportunity to pay for Vasily's further education, and he was forced to get a job as a scribe in the provincial administration. However, fate was merciful to the talented young man. Having accidentally seen the work of a subordinate, Governor P. Zamyatin found a patron who was able to pay for Surikov's education at the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts.

In an educational institution, Vasily comprehended the intricacies of painting under the guidance of P. Chistyakov. Very quickly, he became one of his best students, regularly receiving cash prizes and medals for his work.

Creation

The first picture in which young Surikov declared himself as a master of large-scale compositions was "View of the monument to Peter I on Senate Square in St. Petersburg." He sold it to his philanthropist, P. Kuznetsov, a major gold miner. A few years later, visiting his patron, the young artist painted a picture of The Merciful Samaritan as a gift to him.

From a brief biography of Surikov, it is known that he was extremely reluctant to agree to paint portraits to order. However, he was forced to do so in order to be financially free.

The source of inspiration for the talented painter was music, especially opera. In addition, he himself enjoyed learning to play the guitar.

Surikov spent about three years writing one of his most famous canvases - “Morning of the Streltsy Execution”. But it was this work that opened the doors to the world of great art for the artist. His talent was unconditionally recognized, and he became a member of the Association of Traveling Art Exhibitions.

Vasily Ivanovich has long dreamed of traveling around Europe in order to see the paintings of outstanding painters with his own eyes. Profitable selling one of his works, he realized his long-standing dream and visited the famous European galleries and art museums.

In 1881, Surikov began work on his famous painting Boyar Morozova. He was so reverent about this work that in search of the perfect composition he could spend more than one month on endless sketches and sketches.

The most important paintings by Surikov should also include "The Capture of a Snowy Town", "Suvorov's Crossing the Alps", "Stepan Razin". For children, acquaintance with the artist's work can begin as early as grade 3 - all the master's paintings are distinguished by high artistic value and a variety of images.

Personal life

The painter's first and only love was his wife, Elizaveta Avgustovna Share. Young people got married in 1878, and after a while they had two daughters - Olga and Elena.

However, family happiness was short-lived - 10 years later, his beloved wife died, leaving the artist in the deepest depression. He was able to return to life only thanks to creativity.

Death

In the last years of his life, Vasily Ivanovich's health deteriorated significantly. He went to the Crimea for treatment, but it did not help. On March 6 (19), 1916, the great artist died of coronary heart disease.

Vasily Ivanovich Surikov (January 12 (24), 1848, Krasnoyarsk - March 6 (19), 1916, Moscow) - Russian painter, master of large-scale historical canvases.

Biography of Vasily Surikov

Surikov was born on January 12 (24), 1848 in Krasnoyarsk, he belonged to the family of Cossacks who came to Siberia from the Don with Yermak back in the 16th century. Baptized on January 13 in the Church of All Saints. Grandfather - Vasily Ivanovich Surikov (died in 1854), grandfather's cousin - Alexander Stepanovich Surikov (1794-1854), was the chieftain of the Yenisei Cossack regiment. He was of immeasurable strength. Somehow, in a storm, a Cossack raft broke away from the shore, the ataman rushed into the river, grabbed a line and, like a hero in an epic, pulled the raft ashore. Atamansky Island on the Yenisei is named in his honor. Grandfather Vasily Ivanovich Torgoshin served as a centurion in Turukhansk.

Father - collegiate registrar Ivan Vasilyevich Surikov. Mother - Praskovya Fedorovna Torgoshina - was born on October 14, 1818 in the Cossack village of Torgoshino near Krasnoyarsk (the modern name is Torgashino). In 1854, his father was transferred to serve in the excise department in the village of Sukhoi Buzim (now Sukhobuzimskoye, Sukhobuzimsky district of the Krasnoyarsk Territory).

Surikov's daughter Olga was married to the artist Pyotr Petrovich Konchalovsky. His granddaughter Natalya Konchalovskaya was a writer, among her works is a biography of her grandfather "The Priceless Gift". Her children are the great-grandchildren of Vasily Surikov: Nikita Mikhalkov and Andrei Konchalovsky. Great-granddaughter - Olga Semyonova.

Creativity Surikov

Surikov confirmed his gift as an outstanding painter-historian in the canvases of Menshikov in Berezovo (1883) and Boyarynya Morozova (1887; both paintings are in the same place), also a kind of complex and at the same time impressively holistic visual novels - about the Siberian exile of the once powerful Petrovsky courtier and about the removal of an Old Believer ascetic to prison. The colorful expressiveness of the details is combined with the virtuosity of the overall direction.

All these three “choral paintings” (as Stasov called this kind of multi-figure scenes) are not inferior to the Capture of the Snow Town (1891, Russian Museum), which is already devoted entirely to modern folk life - the Shrovetide game, presented as cheerful and at the same time crushingly formidable element.

Subsequent "choral" canvases (The Conquest of Siberia by Yermak, 1895; Suvorov's Crossing the Alps, 1899; Stepan Razin, 1903-1907; all in the Russian Museum) already represent a certain kind of decline. The epic scenes of Russia's expansion in Siberia, the anti-French campaign in the Swiss Alps and, finally, an episode from the life of the beloved hero of folk songs are written masterfully, but already without that complex and polyphonic drama that distinguishes the best works of the master.

In an effort to achieve maximum persuasiveness of the figurative action, in later things Surikov reduces the number of figures, while simultaneously enhancing the expressiveness of the colorful texture (Visit to the Tsarina's convent, 1912, Tretyakov Gallery; Annunciation, 1914, Art Gallery, Krasnoyarsk).

In the latter case, the master completely adjoins the Art Nouveau style in its religious version.

Surikov's best things have always stood out for their remarkable - highly constructive, and not just decorative - color. His later watercolors impress with color expression, especially those created in Spain, where he traveled in 1910 with his son-in-law, the artist P.P. Konchalovsky. Surikov died in Moscow on March 6 (19), 1916.

Artist's work

• Boyar Morozova
• Taking the snow town
• Suvorov crossing the Alps
• Morning of the archery execution
• Menshikov in Berezov

• Big masquerade in 1772 on the streets of Moscow with the participation of Peter I and Prince-Caesar I.F. Romodanovsky
• Hawthorn with arms crossed on chest
• Evening in St. Petersburg
• View of the monument to Peter I on the Senate Square in St. Petersburg
• Bell tower of Ivan the Great and the domes of the Assumption Cathedral
• Visiting the princess convent
• Church in the village of Dyakovo
• Patriarch Hermogenes praying for the overthrow of the Tushino thief
• Female portrait