Features of the use of Piracetam: when and how should the drug be taken? Why is Piracetam prescribed and what to expect from the drug in different cases? Influence on the ability to manage transport and complex mechanisms

Piracetam is the most important representative of the group of synthetic nootropic drugs. In my own way chemical composition is a derivative of pyrrolidone and belongs to the "racetams" family. In Russia, the drug is widely used in psychiatric, narcological and neurological practice. Piracetam has a positive effect on cerebral circulation, improves metabolic processes in the brain.

Its use has a beneficial effect on learning ability by improving concentration and memory. In addition, the drug protects and restores brain functions affected by hypoxia ( oxygen starvation) and intoxication.

Piracetam is an effective and practically harmless drug. For ease of use, it is produced in various dosage forms and is used to treat patients of different age groups. Let us consider in more detail what Piracetam helps from, in what cases it is prescribed and how to use it correctly.

Piracetam - nootropic positive effect on metabolism and cerebral circulation. The active substance - piracetam, acting directly on the brain, accelerates the course of metabolic processes, improves blood microcirculation in ischemic areas, and promotes glucose utilization. Protects the brain from damaging factors (hypoxia, electric shock, toxins) and significantly improves its activity, helping to increase concentration, which facilitates the learning process.

The drug does not provide vasodilating action, does not cause a sedative or psychostimulating effect. By improving the connections between the hemispheres of the brain, Piracetam restores and normalizes consciousness, speech, memory, improves cerebral blood flow and increases mental performance.

When taken orally, it is completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, rapidly distributed in all tissues and organs, selectively accumulating in the cerebral cortex. Maximum concentration active substance in plasma is observed 30 minutes after taking the drug, in the brain tissue - within 1-4 hours. It is excreted from the body by the kidneys unchanged.

Release form of the drug, composition

Photo: Release form of the drug Piracetam

Piracetam is available in several forms:

1. Capsules Piracetam(400 mg)
2. Piracetam tablets(200 mg and 400 mg)
3. Piracetam in ampoules(solution for injection 20%)

One capsule contains 400 mg of piracetam + excipients. 10 capsules are placed in blisters and packed in carton packs, each of which contains 6 blisters.

Piracetam tablets, coated film sheath, consist of 200 mg or 400 mg active component+ excipients. Carton packs with the drug contain 60 tablets.

Piracetam solution is produced in ampoules of 5 ml. 1 ml of solution contains 200 mg of the active substance. In a cardboard pack with the drug there is a blister pack containing 10 ampoules with a solution.

Analogues

Piracetam has quite a lot structural analogues containing the same active ingredient. We list the most popular of them:

• Nootropil
• Piracetam Richter
• Memotropil
• Lucetam
• stamin
• Cerebril

AT pharmacy network this inexpensive drug released by prescription. The average prices for Piracetam are:

• Capsules (400 mg) - from 26 rubles
• Tablets (200 mg) - from 38 rubles
• Solution 20% (10 ampoules of 5 ml) - from 45 rubles

Indications for use

Piracetam has a wide range of applications, this medication is prescribed for the treatment of disorders in neurology, pediatrics, psychiatry and narcology. Let us consider in more detail why Piracetam is prescribed for various pathologies.

In neurological practice, Piracetam is used in the following conditions:

• Brain diseases vascular nature(hypertension, atherosclerotic changes), which are complicated by the phenomena of chronic vascular insufficiency (memory impairment, distracted attention, speech difficulties, dizziness, impaired coordination of movements, migraines)
• Acute and chronic circulatory disorders in the brain
• Coma states resulting from intoxication or brain injury
• Disorders in the work of the nervous system, accompanied by a disorder emotional sphere and decrease in intellectual abilities
• Treatment of patients with Alzheimer's disease

In psychiatry, the drug is used for various pathological conditions of the psyche:

• Depression of various origins with a predominance of hypochondriacal and asthenic disorders, accompanied by phenomena of lethargy
• Epilepsy
• Prevention of mental, autonomic and neurological complications associated with poor tolerance psychotropic drugs and neuroleptics
• Apathetic states in schizophrenia
• Complex therapy mental disorders and depressive states

In narcology, Piracetam is prescribed as part of complex treatment:

• At chronic alcoholism accompanied by persistent psychiatric disorders
• When cupping alcohol withdrawal and alcoholic delirium
• In acute poisoning with alcohol, narcotic drugs

In pediatrics, the drug is used in the following conditions:

• mental retardation
• cerebral palsy (infantile cerebral palsy)
• Oligophrenia
• Difficulties in the learning process
• Dyslexia (impaired ability to read and write) in combination with other methods
• Perinatal brain damage
• As part of combination therapy for sickle cell anemia

Piracetam is used as part of complex treatment for Parkinson's disease, severe depression, schizophrenia, neurosis and other mental disorders. The medicine has confirmed its effectiveness in the treatment of alcohol and drug poisoning, it is used in the relief of attacks of delirium tremens and for recovery brain activity in persons suffering from chronic alcoholism.

Piracetam should be prescribed by a specialist. The doctor will individually select the necessary dose and treatment regimen, taking into account the severity of the symptoms, general condition patient and possible contraindications. To avoid complications, do not self-medicate and take the drug without medical advice.

Instructions for use

It is recommended to take the drug in the form of capsules or tablets before meals. In this case, the daily dose must be divided into 2-4 doses, this will help to avoid sleep disturbances. The final dose of the medicine should be carried out no later than 17 hours.

At acute conditions the initial single dose is 800 mg, it must be taken three times a day. At positive effect the dose can be reduced to 400 mg. Maximum daily dose calculated based on body weight: for children - 30-50 mg / kg; for adults - 30 -160 mg / kg. The received doses are taken from 2 to 3 times a day. The duration of treatment depends on the specific situation and can be from 2 to 8 weeks. If there is a need, then after a break, the course of treatment is continued.

Piracetam for injections intramuscularly or intravenously is prescribed at an initial dose of 10 grams per day. Patients in serious condition this dose may be increased to 12 grams. As soon as improvements in the condition begin to appear, the dose is reduced and switched to tablet forms.

In elderly patients with long-term therapy for psychoorganic disorders, the daily dose of Piracetam can vary between 1.2 and 2.4 grams, at the beginning of therapy this dose can be doubled. In this case, the drug can be prescribed as part of complex treatment simultaneously with other medications (psychotropic and cardiovascular drugs).

In the treatment of coma and post-traumatic conditions, the initial dose taken per day is from 9 to 12 g, the maintenance dose with continued treatment is 2.4 g per day. The duration of therapy is 3 weeks.

In the treatment of alcoholism, 12 g of Piracetam is taken per day in order to stop the withdrawal syndrome. As for the maintenance daily dose, it is 2.4 grams.

With sickle-shaped anemia, the daily dose is calculated in the ratio of 160 mg / kg of body weight and taken in 4 divided doses. In the treatment of cortical myoclonus, the daily initial dose is 7.2 grams, then it is increased every three days by 4.8 grams until the volume of the maximum daily dose reaches 24 grams. Thereafter, the dose is gradually reduced every two days by 1.2 g.

In the treatment of dizziness and related imbalances, a daily dose of 4.8 g is divided into 2-3 doses.

Intravenous injections are carried out by drip or jet. With jet administration, the drug must be infused very slowly over 4-6 minutes. With sickle-cell vaso-occlusive crisis in adults and children, the daily dose is determined at the rate of 300 mg / kg of body weight and is administered intravenously in 4 divided doses. At complex therapy dyslexia in children older than eight years, the daily dose of 3.2 g is divided into two doses.

Piracetam for children

In pediatric practice, Piracetam is used to treat children with various mental disabilities and to eliminate disorders associated with brain damage in the perinatal period. Brain damage in a child can develop as a result of birth trauma, hereditary abnormalities, trauma in the neonatal period, or as a result of infectious diseases suffered in early childhood.

Such disorders of brain activity are manifested in the inability to learn, prolonged concentration of attention and assimilation of information. Little patients are mentally retarded, they speak and express their thoughts poorly, they have difficulty reading and writing. The use of Piracetam allows you to make these children more active and helps to achieve better assimilation and remembering information.

But doctors note that in the treatment of children with mental retardation, the drug is not effective enough, while in children with normal intelligence, but reduced brain functions, Piracetam shows excellent results. After the course of treatment, it was noted that the kids began to perceive and assimilate information better, could concentrate faster and complete the task, and became less tired.

At the same time, long-term use of Piracetam can provoke the development of side effects in children, manifested in increased nervousness and hyperactivity. Therefore, an individual approach to each is very important. little patient, accurate calculation of the required dose and duration of treatment. Only a specialist can do this, and throughout the course of therapy, the child must be under the supervision of a doctor.

Piracetam during pregnancy

Piracetam should not be prescribed during pregnancy and breastfeeding, since the active substance of the drug easily penetrates the placental barrier and can adversely affect the development of the fetus.

During lactation, the active substance is excreted with mother's milk, therefore, if treatment with Piracetam is necessary, breast-feeding stop for a while, the child is transferred to artificial mixtures.

Contraindications

Piracetam should not be prescribed under the following conditions:

• Hypersensitivity and intolerance to the components of the drug
• Pregnancy and lactation
• Children's age (up to 12 months)
• Acute hemorrhagic stroke
• severe kidney failure
• Huntington's chorea
• Depression accompanied by psychomotor agitation

With extreme caution, the drug should be prescribed for severe bleeding, extensive surgical interventions ah, pronounced violations of hemostasis.

Side effects

Photo: Adverse reactions to the use of Piracetam

Adverse reactions to the use of Piracetam are most often observed in cases where the dose of the drug exceeds 5 g per day.

• On the part of the gastrointestinal tract, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea or constipation are noted.
• From the side of the central nervous system, disorders such as headache, dizziness, incoordination, drowsiness or insomnia. Taking the drug can exacerbate the course of epilepsy, provoke symptoms of asthenia, depression, cause mental disorders, irritability, aggression, confusion, hallucinations.
• In some cases, the use of the drug causes allergic reactions (pruritus, rashes, swelling, symptoms of urticaria or dermatitis). AT severe cases possible angioedema and anaphylactic reactions.

In addition to the above symptoms, the body may respond to taking Piracetam with feverish conditions, weight gain, decreased blood pressure. If adverse reactions occur, treatment with the drug should be discontinued and a doctor should be consulted to adjust the course of treatment.

drug interaction

Piracetam at simultaneous reception with antipsychotics enhances their effect, which can cause tremors and unjustified anxiety in the patient.

When taken together with iodine-containing hormones thyroid gland the patient may experience sleep disturbance, confusion and irritability.

special instructions

1. During treatment acute disorders blood circulation, the drug is prescribed as part of a complex restorative and detoxification therapy, in the treatment of mental disorders, Piracetam is used in conjunction with psychotropic drugs.
2. In the treatment of cortical myoclonus, abrupt discontinuation of the drug should be avoided, otherwise the risk of recurrence of seizures increases significantly.
3. If you experience sleep disorders (insomnia), you should stop taking the drug in the evening and combine this dose with daytime intake.
4. In the treatment of patients with impaired liver and kidney function, it is necessary to monitor the condition of patients.
5. During therapy with Piracetam, caution should be exercised when driving. Vehicle and performing hazardous work associated with increased concentration and quick reactions.

Feedback on the use of Piracetam

Review #1

I heard about nootropic drugs before, but somehow I never experienced them myself. However, three months ago I still had to resort to the help of such drugs. The reasons for this decision were constant fatigue, confusion and even dizziness. It was very difficult to focus my attention on something important.

A friend suggested that perhaps my brain needs help. I did not go to the doctor, but decided to buy Piracetam. He was also recommended by the same friend. I went to the pharmacy and bought the drug in tablets. There were 60 tablets in one package. Having studied the instructions, I realized that this would be enough for me for one course of treatment.

I started taking 2 tablets a day. The whole course lasted for a month. After about a week, I noticed improvements: my head cleared up, it became easier to work. There were no noticeable problems with concentration. After a month of taking it, I completely felt like a full-fledged workable person. Among other advantages of Piracetam, one can note its low cost: a package of tablets cost me only 60 rubles.

Regina, St. Petersburg

Review #2

My 3 year old daughter was late speech development. She had difficulty making sentences of two or three words. Doctors recommended various means but they are all too expensive. Then Piracetam was advised. I was pleasantly surprised by the price: 40 rubles for a pack of tablets. I gave my daughter one tablet twice a day for two months.

Simultaneously with taking the drug, they were intensively engaged in reading and retelling what was read. A month after the start of such therapy, the daughter began to express herself much more expressively, her vocabulary was replenished. I was also pleased with the fact that no side effects were found when taking Piracetam. Is that a violation of sleep a couple of times. But you can get rid of this: you just need to take the drug during the day.

Victoria, Moscow

Review #3

I have a very busy life: I study at the university, I go to courses of English language, doing fine arts. But when the session starts, I don't have time to do anything. Nervousness, headaches and terrible fatigue appear.

It can be difficult to concentrate, and before exams, you need to learn a large amount of information. I recently discovered Piracetam. He has been a great help to me during these difficult times.

The drug enhances cerebral circulation, thereby improving memory, and general well-being. I drink it now two weeks before the start of the session and successfully pass all the exams. No side effects, and the drug itself is cheap.

Daria, Novosibirsk

In this article, you can read the instructions for using the drug Piracetam. Reviews of site visitors - consumers are presented this medicine, as well as the opinions of doctors of specialists on the use of Piracetam in their practice. A big request to actively add your reviews about the drug: did the medicine help or not help get rid of the disease, what complications were observed and side effects, possibly not declared by the manufacturer in the annotation. Piracetam analogues in the presence of existing structural analogues. Use for treatment vascular disorders, Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy and pressure in adults, children (including newborns), as well as during pregnancy and lactation. The action of the drug.

Piracetam- has a positive effect on the metabolic processes of the brain, increases the concentration of ATP in the brain tissue, enhances the biosynthesis of ribonucleic acid and phospholipids, stimulates glycolytic processes, enhances the utilization of glucose. It improves the integrative activity of the brain, promotes the consolidation of memory, facilitates the learning process. Changes the rate of propagation of excitation in the brain, improves microcirculation without having a vasodilating effect, inhibits the aggregation of activated platelets. It has a protective effect in case of brain damage caused by hypoxia, intoxication, electric shock, enhances alpha and beta activity, reduces delta activity on the EEG, and reduces the severity of vestibular nystagmus.

It does not have a sedative, psychostimulating effect. The drug improves connections between the hemispheres of the brain and synaptic conduction in neocortical structures, restores and stabilizes cerebral functions, especially consciousness, memory and speech, increases mental performance, improves cerebral blood flow.

Pharmacokinetics or drug action

After ingestion, it is well absorbed and penetrates into various organs and tissues. Penetrates through the blood-brain and placental barriers, accumulates in the brain tissue 1-4 hours after ingestion. It is excreted from the cerebrospinal fluid much more slowly than from other tissues. Practically not metabolized. Excreted by the kidneys - 2/3 unchanged for 30 hours.

Indications

The drug is used in neurological, psychiatric and narcological practice.

Neurology:

• cerebrovascular disease (atherosclerosis, hypertonic disease, vascular parkinsonism) with symptoms of chronic cerebrovascular insufficiency (impaired memory, attention, speech, dizziness, headache);
• disorders of cerebral circulation;
• coma, the consequences of trauma and intoxication of the brain in order to increase motor and mental activity;
• diseases of the nervous system, accompanied by a decrease in intellectual-mnestic functions and disorders of the emotional-volitional sphere;
• symptomatic treatment in patients with Alzheimer's disease and senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type.

Psychiatry:

• neurotic and astheno-dynamic depressive states of various origins with a predominance in clinical picture signs of adynamia, asthenic and senesto-hypochondriac disorders, phenomena of ideational retardation;
• sluggish-apathetic defective states in schizophrenia, psychoorganic syndromes various etiologies, senile and atrophic processes;
• complex therapy mental illness flowing on "organically defective soil";
• complex therapy of depressive conditions resistant to antidepressants;
• poor tolerance of neuroleptics and other psychotropic drugs in order to eliminate or prevent the somatovegetative, neurological and mental complications caused by them;
• epilepsy.

Narcology:

• relief of withdrawal symptoms, pre- and delirious states in alcoholism, drug addiction, in case of acute poisoning alcohol, morphine, barbiturates, phenamine;
• chronic alcoholism with symptoms of persistent disorders mental activity(asthenia, intellectual-mnestic disorders).

Pediatrics:

• if necessary, accelerate the learning process and eliminate the consequences of perinatal brain damage, with oligophrenia, mental retardation, cerebral palsy.

In the complex therapy of sickle cell anemia.

Release form

Capsules 400 mg.

Tablets 200 mg and 400 mg.

Solution for intravenous and intramuscular administration 200 mg / ml (injections) (in 5 ml ampoules).

Instructions for use and dosage

Tablets or capsules

Inside at the beginning of treatment, 800 mg is prescribed in 3 doses before meals, with improvement single dose gradually reduce to 400 mg. The daily dose is 30-160 mg/kg of body weight, the frequency of administration is 2 times a day, if necessary, 3-4 times a day. The course of treatment lasts from 2-3 weeks to 2-6 months. If necessary, the course of treatment is repeated.

With long-term therapy of psychoorganic syndrome in the elderly, the drug is prescribed at 1.2-2.4 g per day; loading dose during the first weeks of therapy - up to 4.8 g per day. Treatment with piracetam, if necessary, can be combined with the use of psychotropic, cardiovascular and other drugs.

When treating the consequences of coma, in the post-traumatic period, the initial dose is 9-12 g per day, the maintenance dose is 2.4 g, the course of treatment is 3 weeks.

With alcoholism - 12 g per day during the manifestation of alcohol withdrawal syndrome; maintenance dose - 2.4 g.

With sickle cell anemia, the daily dose is 160 mg / kg of body weight, divided into 4 equal portions.

Attention: take the last single dose no later than 17.00 to prevent sleep disturbances.

Injections

Intravenous stream or drip, intramuscularly. The daily dose is divided into 2-4 doses.

Symptomatic treatment of psychoorganic syndrome: 4.8 g per day for the first week, then switch to a maintenance dose of 1.2-2.4 g per day.

Treatment of dizziness and related imbalances: 2.4-4.8 g per day.

Treatment of cortical myoclonus: start with a dose of 7.2 g per day, every 3-4 days the dose is increased by 4.8 g per day until maximum dose 24 g per day. Treatment is continued throughout the entire period of the disease. Every 6 months you should try to reduce the dose or stop the drug, gradually reducing the dose by 1.2 g per day every 2 days. With a slight therapeutic effect or its absence, treatment is stopped.

With sickle cell vaso-occlusive crisis (in adults and children): intravenously at 300 mg / kg per day, divided into 4 equal doses.

Treatment of dyslexia in children over 8 years of age (in combination with other methods of treatment) - 3.2 g, divided into 2 equal doses.

Side effect

Side effects are most often observed at doses above 5 g per day:

• nervousness;
• excitation;
• irritability;
• anxiety;
• sleep disorder;
• nausea, vomiting;
• diarrhea, constipation;
• anorexia;
• dizziness;
• headache;
• convulsions;
• increased sexual activity;
• weakness;
• drowsiness;
• fussiness;
• anxiety;
• restlessness;
• motor disinhibition;
• decreased ability to concentrate;
• imbalance;
• increased conflict.

Contraindications

• renal failure (CC less than 20 ml / min);
• hemorrhagic stroke (acute stage);
• depression with anxiety (azhatirovannye depression);
• chorea of ​​Huntington;
• pregnancy;
• lactation;
• children's age (up to 1 year);
• hypersensitivity.

Use during pregnancy and lactation

Adequate and strictly controlled studies of the safety of the use of piracetam during pregnancy have not been conducted. Use is possible only in cases where the intended benefit to the mother outweighs possible risk for the fetus.

Piracetam appears to penetrate into breast milk. If necessary, use during lactation should decide on the termination of breastfeeding.

AT experimental studies not found in animals negative impact piracetam on the fetus.

special instructions

In the treatment of acute brain lesions, piracetam is prescribed in combination with other methods of detoxification and rehabilitation therapy, in the treatment of psychotic conditions - with psychotropic drugs.

In the treatment of patients with cortical myoclonus, abrupt discontinuation of the drug should be avoided (risk of recurrence of seizures).

Use with caution in patients with impaired hemostasis, after extensive surgical interventions, severe bleeding.

Influence on the ability to drive vehicles and control mechanisms

During the period of treatment, care must be taken when driving vehicles and engaging in other potentially dangerous species activities requiring increased concentration attention and speed of psychomotor reactions.

drug interaction

Increases the effectiveness of thyroid hormones indirect anticoagulants(against the background of high doses of piracetam), psychostimulants.

When administered with neuroleptics, it reduces the risk of extrapyramidal disorders.

When taken simultaneously with neuroleptics, their central action(tremor, anxiety, etc.).

Analogues of the drug Piracetam

Structural analogues according to active ingredient:

• Lucetam;
• Memotropil;
• Nootobril;
• Nootropil;
• Noocetam;
• Pirabene;
• Pyramem;
• Pyratropil;
• Piracetam Bufus;
• Piracetam MS;
• Piracetam Obolensky;
• Piracetam-Vial;
• Piracetam-ratiopharm;
• Piracetam-Richter;
• Piracetam-Eskom;
• stamin;
• Cerebril;
• Escotropil.

In the absence of analogues of the drug for the active substance, you can follow the links below to the diseases from which the corresponding drug helps and see the available analogues for the therapeutic effect.

Piracetam - synthetic nootropic drug widely used in psychiatric and neurological practice.

pharmachologic effect

The active substance Piracetam, acting directly on the brain, improves such cognitive processes like memory, learning ability, attention and mental performance. In addition, the drug has a restorative and protective effect in case of brain dysfunction caused by intoxication and hypoxia.

Piracetam according to the instructions has a different effect on the central nervous system:

• Affects the viscosity of the blood, without having a vasodilating effect;
• Improves metabolic processes nerve cells;
• Improves microcirculation;
• Changes the speed of propagation of impulses in the brain.

With the use of Piracetam, communication between the cerebral hemispheres, cerebral blood flow and synaptic conduction in neocortical structures improves.

Release form

Piracetam is produced in dosage form:

• Capsules, 400 mg each. 60 pieces per pack;
• Coated tablets, 200 mg each. 60 pieces per pack;
• 20% solution for injection, in ampoules of 5 ml.

The analogues of Piracetam in terms of the mechanism of action are the drugs Lucetam, Memotropil, Nootropil, Piracetam-AKOS, Escotropil.

Indications for use Piracetam

Piracetam according to the instructions is prescribed for adults:

• For the treatment of dizziness (vertigo), as well as related balance disorders, except for cases of dizziness of psychogenic and vasomotor origin;
• For the symptomatic treatment of a psychoorganic syndrome with an accompanying decrease in activity, memory and concentration, as well as a change in behavior, mood and gait;
• For the prevention and relief of sickle cell vaso-occlusive crisis;
• For the treatment of cortical myoclonus, both in monotherapy and as part of complex therapy.

According to indications, Piracetam is prescribed to children in the following cases:

• Dyslexia, usually in combination with other methods, including speech therapy;
• Sickle cell vaso-occlusive crisis, for prevention and relief.

Contraindications

According to the instructions, Piracetam is contraindicated for:

• Hypersensitivity to one of the components of the drug;
• hemorrhagic stroke;
• Pregnancy and lactation;
• Psychomotor agitation;
• Chronic renal failure (CC less than 20 ml / min);
• Chorea of ​​Huntington.

In addition, according to indications, Piracetam should be used with caution in cases of:

• Chronic renal failure (CC 20-80 ml / min);
• Violations of hemostasis;
• heavy bleeding;
• Major surgical interventions.

How to use Piracetam

According to the indications, Piracetam capsules are recommended to be taken on an empty stomach or during a meal. The daily dose is most often divided into 2-4 doses, while the last dose should be taken no later than 17 hours, so as not to cause sleep disturbance. Piracetam in the form of a solution for injection can be used intravenously and intramuscularly in cases of unconsciousness or difficulty swallowing.

When using Piracetam for the treatment of cortical myoclonus, the initial dose of 7.2 g per day is increased by 4.8 g every three days. Throughout the entire period of the disease, treatment is carried out by taking 24 g of the drug per day. After six months of therapy, it is recommended to try to cancel the drug or reduce the daily dose, reducing it gradually by 1.2 g per day. In the event that the use of Piracetam gives a slight therapeutic effect, treatment should be discontinued. It is not recommended to abruptly stop the drug in order to avoid the resumption of seizures.

At symptomatic treatment psychoorganic syndrome during the first week of therapy, take 4.8 g per day, after which the dose is reduced to a maintenance dose of 1.2-2.4 g.

In the treatment of dizziness, as well as related imbalances, 2.4-4.8 g of Piracetam is usually prescribed per day.

For the prevention of sickle cell vaso-occlusive crisis in children and adults, the daily dose of 160 mg per 1 kg of body weight is divided into 4 equal parts. During therapy, it should be borne in mind that the irregular use of Piracetam can cause an exacerbation of the disease. For the treatment of the disease, the drug should be administered intravenously at a dose of 300 mg per 1 kg per day.

In children over 8 years of age, treatment of dyslexia with Piracetam is effective in combination with other methods. In this case, take 4 capsules (400 mg) twice a day.

In chronic renal failure, it is necessary to adjust the dose taken depending on the severity of the disease:

• With a mild degree (CC 50-79 ml / min), 2/3 of the recommended daily dose should be taken in 2-3 doses;
• At medium degree(CC 30-49 ml / min) - 1/3 of the daily dose, divided into 2 doses;
• In severe (CC 20-30 ml / min) - once 1/6 of the daily dose.

Side effects of Piracetam

Most often, when using Piracetam, according to reviews, disorders of the central nervous system are observed, such as:

• Motor disinhibition;
• Drowsiness;
• Asthenia;
• Insomnia;
• imbalance;
• hallucinations;
• Irritability;
• Depression;
• Headache;
• Exacerbation of the course of epilepsy;
• Mental arousal;
• Ataxia;
• Anxiety;
• Confusion of consciousness.

In addition, in therapeutic doses, Piracetam, according to reviews, can cause:

• Nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain;
• Vertigo;
• Anaphylactic reactions, hypersensitivity, angioedema;
• Decreased blood pressure, fever;
• Increase in body weight;
• Itching, dermatitis, urticaria;
• Thrombophlebitis, pain at the injection site.

When using Piracetam in doses that exceed therapeutic, the risk of developing diarrhea mixed with blood and abdominal pain. Since there is no specific antidote, in case of an overdose of Piracetam, the following should be carried out:

• symptomatic therapy;
• induction of vomiting;
• Gastric lavage;
• Hemodialysis (efficiency 50-60%).

With the simultaneous use of Piracetam with iodine-containing thyroid hormones, irritability, confusion and sleep disturbance may occur.

Storage conditions

According to indications, Piracetam can be purchased with a medical prescription. Shelf life of ampoules with solution and capsules is 3 years, tablets - 24 months.

Today the whole civilized world strives to improve the quality own life. People are trying to get an education, to prolong the creative period, to remain in "sane mind" until old age. Unfortunately, the constantly accelerating pace of life, stress on the nervous system, and not entirely favorable environmental conditions interfere with these aspirations. That is why the concept of “nootropics” is becoming more and more relevant.

Nootropics are substances created specifically to improve brain activity. They are also used by those suffering from certain diseases, and people seeking to improve their brain function.

Piracetam is one of the most common drugs in the nootropic group. Application this tool improves cognitive (cognitive) brain processes, stimulate intellectual abilities, improve the higher integrative activity of the brain.

Piracetam stabilizes the brain under heavy loads or adverse environmental influences.

Treatment and prevention of diseases associated with the pathology of cerebral vessels. These include atherosclerosis, Parkinson's disease, hypertension;

Improving memory, ability to concentrate, improve speech, attention;

Mental and physical activity after a state of coma, brain intoxication, brain injury;

Prevention and treatment of mental illnesses: asthenia, disorders of the emotional-volitional sphere, lethargy, depressive states of various origins;

In narcology: for withdrawal from hard drinking, withdrawal of abstinence, treatment of chronic drug addiction and alcoholism;

Treatment of headaches, dizziness.

This is not a complete list of diseases that can be eliminated with the help of Piracetam. Its application is much wider. It not only speeds up the healing process, but helps to improve memory, to absorb a large stream of information faster. That is why "Piracetam" is sometimes recommended to be taken by students during the session, poorly performing students.

However, it should be remembered that no matter how positive in most cases the effect of Piracetam is, its use without a doctor's recommendation can be harmful.

The drug is contraindicated in patients with renal and liver failure, pregnant women.

The drug is produced in the form of tablets and liquid in ampoules for injection. What distinguishes these dosage forms from each other? Compound. "Piracetam" for injection consists only of piracetam itself, water, acetic acid and sodium nitrate. The composition of the tablets, in addition to the active substance, includes povidone, starch, titanium and silicon dioxide, calcium, sugar, magnesium carbonate, and some other components.

How to take "Piracetam"? The course of treatment lasts at least 14 days. Doses are prescribed depending on the diagnosis and course of the disease. Usually, patients in a coma are injected intravenously or intramuscularly up to 12 g per day, the same amount in the withdrawal state, and for the treatment of stroke - up to 4.8 g per day. After half a month, they switch to a maintenance dose of 2 g. After that, the medicine can be taken orally (i.e., drink Piracetam tablets).

The use of the drug in other cases may have a different dosage. The doctor determines the dose for each patient according to his indications. Tablets are usually taken for several months (up to six months), 2-4 times daily. More than 160 g should not be taken per day. Piracetam tablets are prescribed for children. For two weeks to two months, they are recommended to take the medicine three times a day on a tablet.

The condition of the patient taking Piracetam should be constantly monitored by a doctor. If there is irritability, insomnia or drowsiness, agitation, increased libido - this should be immediately reported to a specialist.

In this article, you can read the instructions for using the drug Piracetam. Reviews of site visitors - consumers of this medicine, as well as opinions of doctors of specialists on the use of Piracetam in their practice are presented. We kindly ask you to actively add your reviews about the drug: the medicine helped or did not help get rid of the disease, what complications and side effects were observed, perhaps not declared by the manufacturer in the annotation. Piracetam analogues in the presence of existing structural analogues. Use for the treatment of vascular disorders, Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy and pressure in adults, children (including newborns), as well as during pregnancy and lactation. The action of the drug.

What is this medicine

In Russia and a number of other countries, Piracetam is used in practice for the treatment of psychiatric, neurological and other diseases. Under the action of the drug, ATP in the brain tissue increases, glycolytic processes are activated. According to studies, the drug improves brain function in case of oxygen starvation.

Drug group

Pharmacotherapeutic group: nootropic agent.

international generic name: piracetam

Brand Name: Piracetam

Latin name: Piracetamum

Compound

The main component of the drug is piracetam, the amount of content in 1 tablet is 200 mg. Contents of other components:

• Copovidone.
• Polyethylene glycol.
• Hydroxypropylcellulose.
• Titanium dioxide.
• Polydextrose.
• iron oxide.
• Iron oxide yellow and red.
• Intermediate triglycerides.

Mechanism of action and properties

Pharmacology

Pharmacological action - nootropic.

Main characteristic

Piracetam is a nootropic that works directly on the brain to improve cognitive processes such as learning and mental performance, memory and concentration. The effect of the drug on the central nervous system is carried out in several ways: improving in nerve cells metabolic processes, by changing the rate of propagation of excitation in the brain, improving microcirculation, does not cause a vasodilating effect when exposed to the rheological characteristics of the blood.

In the brain, it improves blood flow and improves connections between the hemispheres. The drug reduces the adhesion of red blood cells and restores their elasticity, blocks platelet aggregation.

Due to hypoxia, it restores impaired brain functions. Piracetam, according to experimental data, enhances the effects of antidepressants and, when used together, can increase their effectiveness. Also, according to the PASS study, the effectiveness of the drug in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke has not been proven.

Pharmacokinetics

The pharmacokinetic profile of the drug is linear and does not depend on time. 3 days after the start of administration in the blood plasma, a constant concentration of the drug is reached.

How long does it take for the drug to work? The effect occurs 30 minutes after absorption of the drug from the digestive tract. Accumulation in the brain tissue occurs after 4 hours. The same time is required for half-life from the body. Takes a little longer to come out cerebrospinal fluid, up to 8.5 hours. Not metabolized in the body.

What is output?

90% of the drug is excreted unchanged by the kidneys. The half-life can be increased due to insufficient kidney function. The kinetics of Piracetam does not change in patients with hepatic insufficiency.

Effect on the kidneys. Since the drug is excreted by the kidneys, it is important to exercise caution during the course of therapy in patients with renal insufficiency. In the case of the final stage, the drug is contraindicated. If you need to take the medicine for a long time, you need to monitor the functioning of the kidneys.

Effect on the liver. In patients with impaired liver function, dose adjustment is not required.

Indications

What does Piracetam treat? Why do narcologists, neurologists and psychiatrists prescribe the drug?

According to the instructions, the drug can be prescribed in such cases:

• dizziness, imbalance, headaches due to poor circulation;
• intoxication and hypoxia, concussion and trauma;
• bad memory, inattention.

From what Piracetam also helps, not everyone knows. In addition to the above, the benefits of the drug were noted in the following cases:

• used in complex treatment drug addiction and alcoholism;
• in case of poisoning with sleeping pills;
• used for depression, apathy and other mental illnesses.

What else do you need Piracetam for?

• for the treatment of epilepsy, Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's;
• hypertension and atherosclerosis.

Release form

The most frequently prescribed dosage form- 200 mg tablets. However, the drug is produced in other forms:

• capsules 400 mg;
• tablets 200 mg and 400 mg;
• solution for injections 20% (1 g of piracetam in 1 ampoule for injections);
• granules for children for the preparation of a solution.

To the question what better pills or capsules, there is no exact answer. Both forms of the drug are absorbed through the digestive tract, but in this case, the capsules dissolve faster.

When choosing between tablets and ampoules, if an intensive way to restore brain activity is required, preference is given to injections. In this way, the drug penetrates the tissues faster, bypassing the digestive tract.

Instructions for use

How to take or inject?

Tablets are intended for oral intake. It is taken whole, without chewing, washed down with a large volume of water. According to the approved annotation of the injection manufacturer, the drug is administered intravenously or intramuscularly. In the first case, glucose or sodium chloride solution is used as a solvent.

The dosage for adults when taking tablets is 30-160 mg per 1 kg of body weight 2-4 times a day. Dosage for children in the range of 30-50 mg per 1 kg of body weight 2-3 times a day. Minimum exchange rate therapy is 3 weeks. If necessary, the doctor can adjust the dosage and period of use of the drug. The maximum daily dose for children is 1800 mg.

The dosage for injection is:

• psychoorganic syndrome - 2-4 g per day, it is possible to increase the dose to 6 g. Treatment is prescribed for up to 15 days;
• after a stroke - 4.8 g per day for up to 15 days;
• alcohol withdrawal syndrome - 2.4 g per day for up to 15 days;
• sickle cell anemia - 160 mg / kg, during a crisis - intravenously 300 mg / kg. The same dosage is acceptable for children after 1 year.

Side effect

Possible negative reactions for Piracetam:

• CNS: dizziness, imbalance, insomnia, headache;
• psyche: depression, anxiety, nervousness, hallucinations;
• immunity: hypersensitivity to the drug, anaphylaxis;
• digestive tract: indigestion, vomiting, nausea, stomach pain;
• skin: dermatitis, rashes, itching, urticaria;
• blood: clotting disorder.

Among the others adverse reactions possible weight gain, increased blood pressure, excessive sweating. injection forms can cause a decrease in blood pressure and an increase in body temperature.

Contraindications

It is forbidden to treat the drug with:

• hypersensitivity to piracetam or pyrrolidone;
• psychomotor agitation;
• Huntington's disease;
• children's age up to 3 years;
• hemorrhagic stroke;
• renal failure (end stage).

Use in children

Children from birth can already be prescribed this drug. It can be included in the complex treatment of postpartum trauma and hypoxia. The use is also justified for enuresis, oligophrenia, dropsy of the brain, developmental delay.

What helps the drug for older children? Mostly children over 5 years old take medicine for attention deficit disorder, dyslexia. Helps children increase the speed of assimilation of information in the learning process.

Use during pregnancy and lactation

Penetration of the active substance occurs through the placental barrier. In newborns plasma concentration reaches 70-90% of that of the mother. During pregnancy, you should stop taking Piracetam.

The active substance passes through breast milk. At the time of breastfeeding, the drug is contraindicated, otherwise it is worth interrupting the feeding process.

Use in the elderly

The drug can be prescribed to pensioners as a preventive measure for many diseases, in senile psychosis and dementia, in the treatment coronary disease reduces the need for nitroglycerin.

Driving a car and other mechanisms

At the time of taking the drug, it is necessary to drive vehicles with caution and engage in other activities where increased attention is needed.

Do you need a prescription

The drug from pharmacies is dispensed by prescription.

Compatibility with other drugs

Piracetam is often prescribed in complex treatment. At drug interaction with antidepressants, psychostimulants and cardiac drugs, Piracetam enhances their effect.

It is not recommended to use the drug and thyroid hormones together, as adverse reactions are possible. In the complex treatment of epilepsy, the abolition of anticonvulsant drugs is contraindicated, since Piracetam is able to lower the threshold for convulsive activity.

Alcohol compatibility

Alcohol in itself is harmful, and in case of diseases it is completely contraindicated. The consequences of taking the drug and alcohol are unpredictable. Ethyl can both enhance the effect of the drug and reduce its therapeutic effect.

Some are wondering if Piracetam and alcohol are compatible. Although the drug may be prescribed for withdrawal syndrome, it is not compatible with alcohol. You can start taking the medicine 10-12 hours after drinking alcohol.

Analogues of the drug Piracetam

Structural analogues for the active substance:

• Lucetam;
• Memotropil;
• Nootobril;
• Nootropil;
• Noocetam;
• Pirabene;
• Pyramem;
• Pyratropil;
• Piracetam Bufus;
• Piracetam MS;
• Piracetam Obolensky;
• Piracetam Vial;
• Piracetam Ratiopharm;
• Piracetam Richter;
• Piracetam Eskom;
• stamin;
• Cerebril;
• Escotropil.

In the absence of analogues of the drug for the active substance, you can follow the links below to the diseases that the corresponding drug helps with and see the available analogues for the therapeutic effect.

Piracetam (lat. Pyracetamum) is a drug from the group of nootropics. It has a positive effect on brain function and metabolic processes.

Stimulates mental activity, improves memory and learning ability, increases the energy potential of the body.

Currently, the scope includes pediatrics, internal medicine, narcology, neurology and psychiatry. In total, more than 100 piracetam monopreparations are produced by various companies in the world.

Piracetam was first obtained in 1963 by the biochemist of the Belgian pharmaceutical company USB Pharma - Cornelia Giurgea. It was originally intended to be used to treat seasickness. However, in the process of research, additional therapeutic properties were discovered in the new substance.

It turned out that piracetam affects the body like psychostimulants. In experiments with volunteers, the drug improved cognitive (cognitive) abilities, memory and increased learning. At the same time, he did not show adverse reactions characteristic of psychotropic drugs.

By 1972 in scientific publications about 700 articles have been published on the effects of piracetam. In the same year, K. Giurgea introduced the concept of nootropics into pharmacology (translated from Latin noos - “thinking” and tropos - “affinity”). This term began to denote all non-narcotic drugs that can have a direct stimulating effect on mental abilities.

In late 1972, USB launched the world's first piracetam drug. The drug was released under the brand name "Nootropil" and is widely used in the treatment of diseases of the central nervous system, asthenic conditions and mental retardation in children.

After the expiration of the patent protection, numerous Nootropil generics began to enter the pharmaceutical market. Most copies are tradename Piracetam, although there are also brand names (for example, in India - Maxitam, in Germany - Cerepar, in Hungary - Lutsetam).

In search of new nootropics, scientists from different countries have modified the formula of the drug. As a result, about 1.5 thousand new compounds were obtained, of which only 10 were used in medical practice (levetiracetam, oxiracetam, phenylpiracetam, etc.). Because of the similarity chemical structure the group was named "racetams".

Nootropic activity has also been found in a number of other drugs: acephene, pyriditol, cerebrolysin, sodium oxybutyrate, etc.

Properties

International non-proprietary name: piracetam (English piracetam).

chemical name: 1-carbamoylmethyl-2-pyrrolidone.

Structural formula:

Gross formula: C₆H₁₀N₂O₂

Molecular mass: 142,16.

Piracetam is a white or slightly yellowish crystalline powder. It dissolves well in water, worse - in ethyl alcohol. Melting point - 151-155ºС. By chemical structure substance similar to gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABA), which is a natural bioregulator of nervous activity.

Clinical Data

Since 1972, in different countries was held 330 clinical research, the purpose of which was to confirm the effectiveness and safety of piracetam.

Tests of the 70-80s proved that the drug promotes memory consolidation, improves absorption new information restores impaired brain functions.

The use of piracetam in children with mental retardation led to an acceleration of their development. For stroke patients, the drug helped restore lost speech abilities.

In the early 90s with the development of ideas evidence-based medicine the results of many past studies have become questionable, because the methods used in the process of conducting them could lead to distortion of the results.

At the same time, a rating system for evaluating clinical trials was introduced into world practice. There are new standards that describe the order of their implementation (including international standard GCP).

In 1994, the first clinical study of piracetam (Enderby et al.) was conducted, which fully complied with the changed regulatory requirements. It was attended by 158 patients with ischemic stroke, 67 of whom suffered from a speech disorder (aphasia).

To assess the effectiveness of the drug, tests of perception and tests were used. functional activity. After 3 months of therapy in patients with aphasia, a significant improvement in speech functions was recorded. The effect of piracetam on other neurological parameters was not noted.

In a 1997 European multicentre study (PASS I, De Deyn P.P. et al), piracetam was administered to 927 patients with ischemic stroke. Patients of the first group were administered the drug during the first 6 hours after the attack, patients of the second group - after 6 or more hours.

The results showed that the use of the drug on early stage the ischemic cascade allows you to accelerate the process of restoring lost neurological functions.

In 2000, the efficacy of piracetam was evaluated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study (class I study, Kessler et al.). It has been proven that the drug normalizes the exchange of information between the hemispheres of the brain and significantly improves impaired speech abilities.

A similar 2004 trial (Bakheit) found that treatment with piracetam produced positive results only in acute post-stroke aphasia and is ineffective in patients with chronic aphasia.

In 2001, the Cochrane Society* conducted a pooled analysis of 52 clinical trials of piracetam. The results of 51 experiments were excluded from the sample due to the insufficiently high quality of their conduct.

As a result, experts recognized only one test as reliable, which was considered in detail.

*The Cochrane Society is an international independent organization that studies the efficacy and safety of medicines from the standpoint of evidence-based medicine. The structure includes more than 30 thousand scientists from 130 states. The results of the reviews and community insights are held in the public Cochrane Library. The organization officially cooperates with WHO.

Application in different countries

Piracetam preparations are used in more than 50 countries, including the UK, Japan, Germany, France, Russia and China. Medicines have been registered and approved for sale by local health authorities. In all states, piracetam is available by prescription.

In the United States, the FDA (FDA) food products and medicines) refused to register piracetam as medicinal product due to its insufficiently proven efficacy in controlled studies.

Despite this, the tool for a long time was part of the manufactured in the United States food additives, the application of which, according to the current legislation, does not require clinical trials. In the descriptions of the drugs, the nootropic was declared as “a component that improves brain and physical activity.”

In August 2010, the FDA sent to US pharmaceutical manufacturers and distributors official letter with a demand to stop the production and sale of piracetam-containing supplements, since their active substance is not a natural food component, but was obtained synthetically. By the beginning of 2011 dietary supplements were discontinued.

Release form

Piracetam comes in the form of:

• 20% solution for intravenous and intramuscular injections,
• capsules with an active substance content of 200, 400, 800 or 1200 mg,
• enteric-coated tablets with an active substance content of 200, 400, 800 or 1200 mg,
• 20% syrup for children,
• 20% oral solution.

Mechanism of action

Piracetam acts directly on the brain, stimulating mental activity and improving cognitive abilities. The drug affects the central nervous system in various ways:

• activates protein synthesis processes,
• increases the resistance of neurons to the action of free radicals,
• accelerates the transmission of excitation along nerve fibers,
• improves microcirculation without causing vasodilation.

In addition, piracetam has a number of vascular effects. The drug reduces platelet aggregation, weakens the degree of their adhesion to vascular walls, reduces blood viscosity. At a dose of more than 960 mg per day, piracetam reduces the level of fibrinogen and increases bleeding time by 30-40%.

In case of violations of brain functions caused by hypoxia or intoxication, the agent has a restorative effect:

• improves concentration and memory,
• contributes to the elimination of cognitive disorders.

On the electroencephalogram, the effects appear as an increase in alpha and beta activity.

The effect of piracetam becomes noticeable after a few weeks from the start of therapy.

Metabolism and excretion

When taken orally, the drug is well and almost completely absorbed from the digestive tract: up to 95% of the dose taken enters the bloodstream.

At intramuscular injection the maximum concentration of piracetam in the blood is reached after 30 minutes, in the cerebrospinal fluid - after 5 hours.

The drug penetrates the blood-brain and placental barrier. In experiments with animals, piracetam has shown the ability to accumulate in the cerebral cortex.

The agent does not undergo metabolic transformations and is excreted unchanged from the body by renal filtration. The elimination half-life from the cerebrospinal fluid is 8.5 hours, from the blood plasma - 5 hours.

Indications for use

The drug is used in therapy:

• consequences of a stroke
• chronic alcoholism,
• vascular diseases of the brain,
• cortical myoclonus,
• coma,
• neuromuscular dystrophy,
• parkinson's disease,
• Alzheimer's disease and others neurological diseases accompanied by a decrease in intellectual abilities,
• depressive and lethargic states,
• consequences of perinatal brain damage,
• mental retardation,
• cerebral palsy,
• sickle cell anemia.

Practically healthy people piracetam can be recommended for overwork or in extreme situations.

Contraindications

The drug is contraindicated:

• with individual intolerance,
• in acute stage hemorrhagic stroke,
• children under 1 year old (tablets and capsules - children under 3 years old),
• patients with severe renal insufficiency (with CC<20 мл/мин),
• patients with Huntington's syndrome.

Pregnancy and lactation

The effect of piracetam on the fetus has not been studied enough, so the drug is not recommended for use during pregnancy. When using the product during lactation, breastfeeding is recommended to be abandoned.

Influence on the ability to manage transport and complex mechanisms

During the period of treatment, care should be taken when driving and engaging in hazardous activities.

Dosage and administration

The drug is administered orally, intramuscularly or intravenously.

For parenteral forms, the average dose is 2-4 g / day. The recommended course of therapy is 10-15 days. In the treatment of the consequences of a stroke, the initial dose is 4.8 g / day, for coma - 9-12 g / day, with withdrawal symptoms - 12 g / day. The drug is canceled gradually, moving after clinical improvement to maintenance doses of 2-2.4 g / day.

Enteral forms are taken with meals or on an empty stomach with a small amount of liquid. The average daily dose for adults is 30-160 mg per 1 kg of weight, for children - 30-50 mg per 1 kg of weight. The daily amount of the drug is divided into 2-4 doses. Therapy is continued for at least 3 weeks.

Side effects

Negative reactions when taking piracetam are observed quite rarely (less than 1% of patients). Violations of the nervous system are observed mainly in mental patients.

Possible side effects include:

• irritability,
• depression,
• insomnia or drowsiness
• increased mental arousal
• increased libido,
• dizziness,
• headache,
• shiver,
• imbalance,
• dyspeptic disorders (nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain),
• dermatitis,
• itchy rashes,
• angioedema.

Overdose

For the entire period of use of the drug, isolated cases of poisoning were recorded, which were manifested by acute diarrhea and pain in the abdomen. Violations were caused by a single dose of piracetam in an amount of more than 75 g.

In the event of an overdose, gastric lavage and symptomatic therapy are carried out.

special instructions

Due to the effect of piracetam on the rheological characteristics of the blood, caution should be exercised when prescribing it to patients with hemorrhagic disorders, recently operated patients and people with a high risk of bleeding.

Since the drug is excreted through the kidneys, patients with renal insufficiency are advised to take it under the strict supervision of a physician.

Elderly patients require regular monitoring of renal function and dose adjustment based on test results.

In the treatment of cortical myoclonus, one should be wary of abrupt discontinuation of the drug, since this may lead to the resumption of seizures.

Interaction with other drugs

Against the background of taking piracetam, the effectiveness of anticoagulants, neuroleptics and psychostimulants increases. With simultaneous therapy with thyroid drugs, patients develop irritability, confusion, and sleep is disturbed.

It has been reliably established that the drug does not interact with phenobarbital, clonazepam, sodium valproate, ethanol.

Holiday conditions

On prescription.

Storage

In a dry, dark place, at a temperature not exceeding 20, 25 or 30ºС (depending on the dosage form and manufacturer).

Best before date

4-5 years (depending on the manufacturer).

Brief overview of manufacturers

More than 100 piracetam monopreparations are produced worldwide. Medicines differ from each other in terms of production technologies, auxiliary components and the amount of impurities.

Due to differences in manufacturing processes between products from different factories, there may be slight differences in bioavailability, the severity of therapeutic effects and the frequency of adverse reactions.

Some manufacturers of piracetam preparations:

Analogues

Piracetam analogues are all other nootropics. Their action is also aimed at activating higher mental functions and improving metabolic processes in the brain. However, in terms of efficacy and safety, piracetam remains the reference drug for the entire class.

At the moment, this is the only nootropic that, due to its low toxicity and wide spectrum of action, belongs to the category of “smart drugs”.

For some analogues of piracetam, the improvement of mental activity is the leading therapeutic effect. Such drugs are called "true nootropics." Other agents may have additional sedative, anticonvulsant, or antihypoxic effects.

Different drugs differ from each other in terms of pharmacodynamics, a range of side effects and contraindications.

Comparative characteristics of piracetam and some of its analogues:

We try to provide the most relevant and useful information for you and your health. The materials posted on this page are for informational purposes and are intended for educational purposes. Site visitors should not use them as medical advice. Determining the diagnosis and choosing a treatment method remains the exclusive prerogative of your doctor! We are not responsible for possible negative consequences resulting from the use of information posted on the website.

Unfortunately, various disorders of blood circulation and metabolic processes in brain tissues are not uncommon - both children and adults suffer from such diseases. And quite often in such situations, doctors prescribe the drug "Piracetam". Reviews of experts indicate that the medicine is really effective and quickly eliminates the symptoms. But many patients are interested in information about the composition and properties of this remedy.

The drug "Piracetam": composition and form of release

The main active ingredient in this remedy is piracetam, which has nootropic properties. As for excipients, their content depends on the form of release. The drug "Piracetam" is available in the form of tablets, each of which contains 0.2 g of the active substance. In capsules, the level of piracetam is higher - 0.4 g. In addition, the drug is available in the form of solutions for intramuscular and intravenous administration (each ampoule contains 5 ml of solution, 1 g of the active substance). For children, the medicine is recommended in granules for the preparation of suspensions.

The main properties of the drug

Piracetam is a modern nootropic drug that affects brain tissue. In particular, it increases the concentration of ATP, creating an additional source of energy for neurons. In addition, the active substance of the drug accelerates the processes of glucose utilization, and also stimulates the synthesis of phospholipids and DNA. Thus, the tool helps to facilitate the learning process, enhance the integrative activity of the brain, and improve memory. Piracetam also inhibits platelet aggregation and improves microcirculation in brain tissues, enhances alpha and beta activity, protects nerve tissues from damage caused by oxygen starvation, electric shock, poisoning, etc. This medicine really helps to improve blood circulation and increase performance. Along with this, piracetam has practically no sedative and psychostimulating effect.

Indications for use

In modern medicine, the drug "Piracetam" is widely used. Reviews of experts indicate that the medicine can help in the treatment of a mass of pathologies.

• First of all, the indication for admission is chronic cerebrovascular insufficiency, as well as some other circulatory disorders, including vascular parkinsonism and cerebral atherosclerosis. Such diseases are usually accompanied by headaches, dizziness, impaired attention, speech and memory. The drug helps to eliminate almost all symptoms.
• The drug is used to treat various disorders in the functioning of the nervous system, including those accompanied by a decrease in intelligence and a violation of the emotional state. In particular, the drug is used to treat schizophrenia, depression, asthenia, ideational retardation, and some other mental disorders.
• The drug is also used in modern pediatrics - indications for admission are encephalopathy and cerebrosthenic disorders.
• In combination with other drugs, Piracetam is used to treat senile dementia.
• Sometimes the drug is prescribed to patients with neuroinfections.
• In addition, this nootropic drug is used to treat chronic alcoholism and drug addiction. It is also prescribed for acute poisoning with ethanol, barbiturates and morphine.

Instructions for use

In fact, only a doctor can prescribe the drug "Piracetam". Reviews, as well as statistics, indicate that improper use of the drug can lead to a host of complications. Only a specialist can find out if you need to take a nootropic drug. In addition, the dose and schedule of administration are also determined individually. As for the recommended doses, the daily amount for adult patients can be determined at the rate of 30-160 mg per kilogram of body weight. The total amount of the drug should be divided into 2-4 doses. If we are talking about a solution for injection, then the initial dose for patients is approximately 10 g per day (in severe conditions, it can be increased to 12 g). If in the first few days the doses are large, then as the main symptoms disappear, the daily amount of the drug is reduced. To achieve the maximum effect, treatment should last at least 6-8 weeks. Children are usually prescribed powders for the preparation of a suspension. The daily dose is 30-50 mg per kilogram of body weight - the total amount should be divided into 2-3 doses. The duration of therapy for children is three weeks.

Are there any contraindications for admission?

Not all patients can take this drug, although the list of contraindications in this case is relatively small. For example, a medicine should not be given to people with hypersensitivity to any of its ingredients. Moreover, a history of allergic reactions to fruit juices and essences is also a contraindication. The drug is not recommended for children under the age of one year, although in some cases the treatment of infants is possible - this should be decided solely by the attending physician. The drug is not used to treat patients suffering from acute renal failure and diabetes.

The drug "Piracetam": side effects

Of course, like any other serious medicine, this drug can lead to some adverse reactions. On the other hand, doctors quite often prescribe Piracetam to children. Reviews indicate that even in the smallest patients, side effects are relatively rare. Most often, violations appear when taking sick doses (more than 5 g of piracetam per day). In some cases, digestive disorders are possible, in particular nausea and vomiting, diarrhea and constipation, loss of appetite, gastralgia. Sometimes there are also disorders of the nervous system, including headaches, dizziness, tremors, convulsions. Various mental disorders are possible, including irritability, imbalance, anxiety, constant irritability, sleep disturbances, problems with concentration, increased sexual activity. In the presence of such symptoms, it is best to immediately consult a doctor - you may have to stop taking the medication.

Additional Information

Store the medicine in a dry, dark place. It should be noted that the drug may interact with other drugs. In particular, the drug "Piracetam" enhances the effect of taking psychostimulants, indirect anticoagulants and antipsychotics. In addition, the drug increases the activity of thyroid hormones. In the event that evening medication affects the quality of sleep (for example, causes insomnia), it is worth changing the schedule of use. Experts also do not recommend abruptly stopping treatment with this drug - it is better to cancel it gradually.

The drug "Piracetam": reviews of specialists and patients

In fact, problems with the functioning of the central nervous system occur quite often. And in such cases, doctors, as a rule, prescribe nootropic drugs, in particular the drug Piracetam. Reviews indicate that the medicine is really effective. The correct intake of this remedy helps to establish blood circulation and trophism of nerve tissues, which naturally affects the patient's well-being and mental abilities. The undoubted advantages of the drug include its relatively low cost - analogues of this drug are much more expensive.

Piracetam is a drug that affects the metabolic processes and blood circulation of the brain. What are pills and injections for? When taking the tablet, it quickly dissolves in the gastrointestinal tract, entering the bloodstream. Not associated with blood proteins. Pharmacological group of active substances.

What helps, the composition

What are they prescribed for?

• Atherosclerosis of the brain of various stages
• Brain concussion
• Prevention for dizziness
• migraine and depression
• Hypertension
• Multiple sclerosis
• With diabetes
• Alzheimer's disease
• Comprehensive prevention and treatment of mental illness
• With alcoholism
• With sclerosis.

Instructions for use piracetam

The tool is used inside, 10 gr. in difficult situations and in mental disorders. With stable severe conditions, 800 mg. 3 times in bitches. If you observe a positive trend, the dosage can be halved. For the prevention and treatment of dizziness, 2 grams should be taken. 2 times a day during meals. You can see how it works on certain channels on YouTube. Interaction with other drugs should be read on the packaging.

Piracetam injections instructions for use

Assign intravenously or intramuscularly, depending on the severity of the condition and the course of the disease. The usual dose is about 30 micrograms. with repeated administration 3 times a day.

Piracetam instructions for use tablets

The drug is drunk in a course that is calculated individually, depending on the needs of your body and approximately ranges from 2 weeks to 2 months of intensive treatment or prevention. Children are recommended to take about 30 - 60 mg. per day. In some cases, it can be used as a solution. This requires 8 ml. 20% solution of mn, usually in 2 divided doses. Do not use for babies under 1 year old and newborns.

During pregnancy

It is not recommended to use in the early stages, as well as during lactation, as the agent can penetrate into breast milk. It should be used when the benefit to the mother potentially outweighs the risk to the fetus. Animal studies have been conducted in the use of piracetam, no significant harm to the fetus has been identified.

Contraindications and dosage

The drug should not be used:

• With severe disorders of the brain, during a stroke.
• With individual intolerance to the drug.
• With acute sensitivity to the components of substances, both active and auxiliary.
• To small children up to the first year of life.

In case of an overdose, patients experience sleep disorders, heart failure, dry mucous membranes, hallucinations. In this case, it is necessary to reduce the dose of the administered drug.

Reading reviews, you can often come across the question which is better than nootropil or piracetam? The answer to this question is simple - you need to consult a doctor who conducts complex therapy.

Side effect

The drug can cause adverse reactions in the body. These include:

• Mental and nervous overexcitation, long periods of irritability, severe headache, dizziness, depressive states.
• Skin rash of various etiologies: urticaria, dermatitis.
• Circulatory disorders.
• Weight gain, limited mobility, lethargy, bad mood.
• Able to increase or decrease pressure.

Analogues

The drug has substitutes that may be lower in cost. Among them: Lucetam, Cinnarizine, Mexidol, Glycine, Vinpocetine, Choline, Phenotropil, Phenibut, Cavinton, Escom, Phezam Darnitsa, Vidal, Noopept, Bufus, Cerebrolysin, Picamilon, Actovegin Pharm. Compatibility of the specified means is not specified. However, it can be used after drinking, in sports during physical exertion, with cervical osteochondrosis, to improve memory in the form of droppers and injections. How to inject, how long to take, a prescription in Latin, sportswear, a photo, how much it costs, is it possible to inject for certain diseases, what is it called in Latin, effectiveness, how it works, what is the difference, what to do if similar pains appear can be read on the package or ask at the pharmacy.