Initial degenerative-dystrophic changes in the lumbar region. Degenerative-dystrophic changes in the lumbosacral region. Diagnosis of degenerative changes

Such a pathology as degenerative-dystrophic changes in the lumbar sacral department spine, suffering a large number of of people. In the process of its progression, there is a gradual destruction intervertebral discs in the lumbar region. Over time, they stop receiving the required nutrition, so they become dehydrated and lose their former elasticity.

Why does pathology develop?

DDZP lumbar spine arise due to the following factors:

• excessive load on the lumbar region;
• injuries of the spinal column of a traumatic nature;
• passive lifestyle;
• excess body weight;
• disease infectious nature, which provoke a violation of the hormonal background;
• unhealthy and unbalanced diet;
• bad habits;
• advanced age;
• genetic predisposition.

Signs of degenerative-dystrophic changes in the lumbosacral region

On the early stages development, degenerative-dystrophic changes in the spinal column have practically no symptoms. Symptoms are not inherent in the pathological condition itself, but in its consequences and complications. If a patient has the following signs of degenerative-dystrophic changes, it is important to contact your doctor as soon as possible. medical institution:

• pain syndrome in the lumbar region;
• the appearance of pain after physical activity;
• pain after a long stay in one position;
• stiffness of movements;
• weakness lower extremities;
• constipation or impaired urination;
• cold skin in the lumbar region;
• impaired mobility in the morning;
• body asymmetry;
• swelling and redness skin loins.

Diagnostic measures

If the patient develops pain in the lumbar spine, he should go to the hospital as soon as possible. Initially, the doctor will conduct a survey of the patient and find out how long ago the pain appeared and what additional symptoms are present. Then the doctor proceeds to palpate the affected area of ​​the lumbar column, studies the strength muscle tissue. In conclusion, the diagnosis of a person is sent for the following examinations:

• radiography;
• CT or MRI.

In the early stages of development pathological condition X-ray can't show complete picture deformations.

If a person really has degenerative changes in the lumbosacral spine, the "MR picture" will be as follows:

• destruction of the fibrous ring;
• deformation of the intervertebral discs;
• complete rupture of the ring, due to which the nucleus pulposus leaves the intervertebral disc.

How is the treatment going?

Medical therapy

Since DDZP of the lower back cause a powerful pain syndrome, first of all, the patient is prescribed non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, which can relieve a person of pain and relieve inflammation. Mostly resort to the help of "Ibuprofen" and "Diclofenac". The therapy of a pathological condition is not complete without the use of muscle relaxants, which allow you to relax tense muscle tissue. The most popular medication in this group is Mydocalm.

Chondroprotectors are also prescribed to the patient, which contribute to the restoration of affected joints and cartilage. For improvement general condition the body uses drugs that include vitamins of group B. If the pain syndrome cannot be relieved with the help of the above medications, they resort to help novocaine blockades. The drug is injected directly into the area spinal cord, which allows you to quickly stop the pain.

Therapeutic physical culture and massage

When a patient is diagnosed with degenerative-dystrophic changes in the lumbar spine, without fail prescribe exercise therapy. With the help of physical education, it is possible to improve metabolic processes and blood circulation in the lumbar region. In addition, gymnastics will help to lose weight, if any. A set of exercises is selected by the attending doctor, who takes into account the severity of the course of the pathological condition and the physical data of the patient. At the initial stages of therapy, exercises will need to be performed under the close supervision of an exercise therapy doctor. In the future, gymnastics can be carried out at home, when the patient takes into account all possible mistakes.

As for massage, thanks to it, blood circulation improves, the former muscle tone muscles relax. It is important to take into account that massage treatments should be carried out by a specialist who knows what movements will bring maximum benefit and will not harm the affected lumbosacral spine. Before a massage, doctors recommend taking hot bath or shower.

Surgical intervention

The operation is scheduled if drug treatment as well as massage sessions and therapeutic Physical Culture do not bring the required therapeutic effect and degenerative-dystrophic changes in the spine continue to progress. In addition, surgical intervention is also resorted to in the situation when the patient is diagnosed with an intervertebral hernia. During surgery, the surgeon installs special devices that allow you to support the lumbosacral spine. Thanks to this, it is possible to achieve a decrease in pressure on the spine and prevent the subsequent process of deformation of the intervertebral discs.

Are there complications?

If timely therapy of degenerative-dystrophic changes in the lumbosacral spine is not carried out, there is a risk of an intervertebral hernia. This ailment is a displacement of a deformed disc, which in most situations cannot be avoided. conservative treatment and requires surgical intervention. In addition, DDSD can provoke inflammation. sciatic nerve, as well as disruptions in activities genitourinary system. The most common disorder is urinary problems.

Preventive actions

To avoid the appearance of degenerative-dystrophic changes in the spine, doctors recommend that people adhere to simple rules. First of all, you should active image life, exercise every morning. Special physical exercises are also important, which allow you to strengthen the muscle tissue of the back. If a person is busy labor activity, assuming a constant sitting position, it is important to take breaks from time to time, during which to make simple exercises for stretching and stretching.

A properly selected mattress, which should not be very hard or soft, will also help protect your back from dystrophic changes. Doctors recommend using orthopedic pillows, the width of which should correspond to the distance of the shoulders. If the patient has excessive body weight, it is important to lose it, since excess weight creates additional load on the spinal column and causes it to deform.

In many countries, according to world statistics, diseases are very common spinal department human body.

Degenerative dystrophic changes in the lumbosacral spine appear during exposure to certain external factors on the patient's body. This disease is especially common in older people. over 50 years old.

The concept of the reasons why it appears, dystrophic changes in the lumbosacral spine is important step at the beginning correct therapy diseases. When an adverse effect on the human body appears, it ceases to cope with heavy loads which had never caused any trouble before. So they begin their destruction intervertebral cartilages.

A number of reasons that affect the destruction and changes in the structure of the spine:

1. Sudden physical exertion on an unprepared body.
2. Inflammatory diseases.
3. Sedentary lifestyle.
4. Sedentary work.
5. Hypothermia of the body.
6. Bad diet.
7. Constant exercise.
8. Disruptions in the hormonal background.
9. Problems with the thyroid gland.
10. Body aging.
11. Problems with the gastrointestinal intestinal tract.
12. Spinal injury.

If the patient does little physical activity, then his body is weakened and not prepared for possible excessive loads, which leads to spinal column deformities. It is in such patients that degenerative and dystrophic changes in the lumbosacral spine appear very rapidly.

Such changes in the spine may be accompanied by pain syndrome, but only if:

• An inflammatory process begins, with the formation of an intervertebral hernia.
• With a large activation of the vertebrae in the department where the proliferation of the cartilaginous structure began.

It is worth noting that such causes may also be responsible for the development and degenerative-dystrophic changes. thoracic spine. Only in this case, there are also such symptoms as pain in the ribs, and the presence of visible changes in the organs in the thoracic region. How to determine the development of a disease such as degenerative dystrophy of the vertebral region

There are a number of manifestations that can indicate the development of such a disease in the human body.

1. The most common manifestation is pain syndrome affecting the lumbar spine. The pain usually radiates down to the patient's thighs. Pain syndrome has aching pain sensations.
2. When the pain moves to the hips and legs of the patient, there may be tingling sensations in the legs. There is a feeling of loss of control over the limbs of the legs.
3. Problems with the intestinal tract begin to appear, and difficulty urinating.
4. Reproductive function also suffers from this disease.
5. When waking up, patients feel difficulty walking.
6. An increase in body temperature in the localization of the body where degenerative changes in the lumbar spine began.
7. Skin integuments acquire a blush, there are manifestations of edema in the area of ​​localization of the disease.
8. The spine changes and as a result appears curvature of the figure.

As soon as the disease begins its inflammation, the patient immediately feels pain in the spine. In cases where inflammation can be extinguished, patients do not notice any changes that cause discomfort.

The disease has four stages of the onset of the disease:

Diagnosis of the disease

When consulting at a doctor's appointment, if the patient complains of pain in the vertebrae, the doctor may prescribe such diagnostic measures as:

• Visual examination by a specialist, the use of the palpation method to identify the focus of inflammation.
• An X-ray of the spine is ordered.
• Magnetic resonance imaging.

The most common method for detecting the disease is MRI. But X-ray can also say a lot visible changes in the spinal column, such as:

1. Change in the height of the intervertebral discs.

2. Deformation of the joints.

3. Changing the position of the bodies of the spine.

4. The presence of marginal osteophytes.

And with MR, you can identify the disease by signs such as:

1. Change colors vertebral discs primarily due to the fact that damaged disks receive less power.

2. Intervertebral cartilages are worn out.

3. Tears in the fibrous ring.

4. Formation of protrusions.

5. Perhaps the formation of hernias between the vertebrae.

Upon receipt accurate diagnosis picture of the disease, therapy must be carried out immediately, since the disease is detected on severe stages development. Failure to comply with the doctor's instructions can provoke paralysis and lead to disability of the patient.

Treatment of the disease

Treatment of degenerative dystrophic changes in the lumbar spine should be comprehensive and include not only the reception medications. The treatment will include the following procedures:

• Taking medications.
• Physiotherapy.
• The use of alternative medicine.
• Surgery may be applied.

Treatment should be carried out in all directions and be comprehensive in order to avoid surgical intervention in the human body.

To reduce pain allows the use of medications, available in the form of a gel or ointment. It is also very common to use injections of painkillers against painful spasms. And pills with properties that suppress pain. It is considered highly effective to apply something cold to the area of ​​​​the localization of the disease, this will help reduce pain.

To start restoring the structure of the vertebral tissues after a lesion with a degenerative dystrophic disease, medications are prescribed that can relieve tension in the muscles. Such drugs are called muscle relaxants. Thanks to the intake of chondroprotectors, the process of regeneration of the connective cartilages in the lumbar and thoracic regions, the spine affected by a dystrophic disease, takes place. A very important role in the treatment is played by the course of taking vitamins belonging to group B.

These are often assigned healing procedures with a hardware effect on the patient's body with changes in the lumbosacral and thoracic regions, such as:

1. Procedures carried out in the physiotherapist's office.

2. Therapeutic massage.

One of the most effective methods, but at the same time, the procedure for stretching the spine is considered to be extremely dangerous in case of damage to the discs. Such a procedure should not be associated with any pulling loads. With such treatment able to stretch the column of the spine in the correct position, and eliminate pinched nerves and blood vessels.

In order to begin to restore tissues damaged at the site of the disease, such as the sacral and thoracic. Doctors prescribe the following procedures:

1. Treatment with medicinal leeches.

2. Apitherapy.

3. Acupuncture.

Highly an important factor, affecting the outcome of positive dynamics, doctors call, the beginning balanced nutrition. The specialist observing the patient will recommend a diet. Extremely useful products in the treatment of such a disease, all dishes that have a jelly base are considered. It is very important to exclude completely from the patient's diet:

· Alcohol.

High-fat foods.

Dishes with strong spices.

The appointment of such a diet should be done by a specialist observing the patient, which is an inseparable part of the treatment.

If after all conservative methods for the treatment of the disease, pain spasms do not stop, then doctors prescribe a planned surgical intervention. Such an operation involves the removal of a damaged disc in the thoracic or lumbar region. If signs of intervertebral hernia are diagnosed, then surgery is inevitable.

Prevention

It is very important, when the very first signs of the disease appear, not to attribute everything to fatigue during the day or the rhythm of the patient's life. It is necessary to contact a specialist in time for carrying out complex diagnostics condition of muscle tissue and cartilage of intervertebral discs. If the referral to a specialist is early stage development, then treatment will be prescribed without surgical intervention, and this is extremely important for the patient. Because each operation is a risk of other serious deviations in the work of the body as a whole. Degenerative change of the lumbosacral spine is a disease that can be treated.

Pathologies of the musculoskeletal system are currently among the most common problems among the adult population. Most often, degenerative changes in the spine are diagnosed, which with age can lead to disability or even disability.

What is spinal dystrophy?

Many people are familiar with pain in the back, which is usually associated with fatigue, salt deposits and all sorts of other reasons. In fact, the cause should be sought in the deterioration of the properties and characteristics of the vertebrae.

Degenerative-dystrophic changes are irreversible metabolic disorders bone tissue vertebrae, loss of their elasticity and premature aging. AT advanced cases degeneration can lead to serious violations in work internal organs.

Pathological changes are striking different departments cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral. Experts say that this is a kind of retribution for the ability of a person to move straight. With the correct distribution of the load and regular physical exercises, a significant extension of the “shelf life” of the spine is possible.

Reasons for development

Most doctors are inclined to one main reason that causes irreversible changes in the spinal column. Its essence lies in the incorrect distribution of the load, which may be due to both professional activity, as well as with the usual way of life. The weakening of the back muscles is directly related to the limited mobility during the day and the lack of exercise.

Degenerative changes can be caused by inflammatory processes occurring in the ligaments nerve endings and muscles. Similar Issues with health arise after a viral, bacterial pathology. For reasons not inflammatory nature include intervertebral hernia, scoliosis.

The following factors can provoke the development of degenerative-dystrophic changes:

• Aging of the body (vertebrae).
• Pathology of blood vessels.
• Hormonal disorders.
• Bruises, injuries.
• Sedentary lifestyle.
• genetic predisposition.

Degenerative changes in the spine: types

Pathology manifests itself various diseases, among which osteochondrosis is considered the main one. The disease is a dystrophic process, during which the height of the intervertebral disc decreases.

With absence adequate therapy degenerative changes eventually lead to the development of another disease of the spine - spondylarthrosis. It is typical for the disease to affect all the components of the spinal column: cartilage, ligaments, surfaces of the vertebrae. In the process of development of pathology, there is a gradual death cartilage tissue. Inflammation occurs against the background of fragments of cartilage entering the synovial fluid. Most often, the disease occurs in elderly patients, but there are cases when characteristic symptoms young people face.

Degenerative-dystrophic changes (any - cervical, thoracic lumbosacral) can be expressed in the form of an intervertebral hernia, slippage of the vertebrae, narrowing of the canal.

Problems with the neck

Constantly experiencing an increased load. The development of dystrophy is caused by the structure of the vertebrae themselves and high concentration veins, arteries and nerve plexuses. Even the slightest violation leads to compression of the spinal cord and that can lead to cerebral ischemia.

For a long time, the symptoms of a pathological condition may be absent. Over time, the patient will begin to experience the following symptoms:

Pain syndrome radiating to upper section back.

Discomfort.

Increased fatigue.

muscle tension.

Overloading of the vertebral segments (two vertebrae and the disc separating them) leads to blockade metabolic processes, which subsequently causes more severe consequences - intervertebral hernia or protrusion. Degenerative changes cervical spine in the form of a hernia are considered the most serious complication. AT advanced stage education puts pressure on nerve roots and spinal cord.

Pathological condition of the thoracic region

Thanks to limited movements vertebrae of the thoracic dystrophy is observed quite rarely. Most cases are due to osteochondrosis. The peculiarity of the location of the nerve roots contributes to the fact that the symptoms characteristic of the disease can be mildly expressed or completely absent.

The reasons that can provoke degenerative changes in this department include, first of all, (congenital or acquired) and trauma. It also affects the presence of hereditary pathologies associated with malnutrition of cartilage tissue, a decrease in blood flow.

Inflammation of the cartilage tissue develops symptoms such as It's a dull pain, aggravated during movement, impaired sensitivity (numbness, tingling), disruption of the internal organs.

Lumbar and sacral

AT medical practice most often diagnosed cases of degenerative lesions of the lumbosacral spine. The lower back has the greatest load, which provokes the development of bone and cartilage tissue of the vertebrae, slowing down metabolic processes. The predisposing factor that allows the development of the disease is sedentary image life ( sedentary work, lack of regular physical activity).

Degenerative changes in the lumbosacral region occur in young patients aged 20-25 years. Wear of the annulus fibrosus leads to the onset inflammatory process and irritation of the nerve roots. It is possible to determine the presence of a pathological condition when pain appears, which can radiate to the gluteal muscle, causing tension.

The pain can be either constant or intermittent. The main place of localization is the lower back. Numbness of the toes also appears, and in advanced cases, there may be a violation of the functionality of the internal organs located in the small pelvis. Similar symptoms are characteristic of an intervertebral hernia.

The ongoing degenerative-dystrophic changes in the lumbar region are irreversible. Therapy usually consists of stopping pain syndrome, relieving inflammation and preventing worsening of the condition.

Diagnostics

Having discovered the symptoms of the pathology of the spinal column, the patient should first of all seek help from a neurologist. The specialist will conduct an examination, collect an anamnesis and prescribe additional examination. Most precise methods diagnostics, allowing to determine the slightest violation, is considered a computer and magnetic resonance imaging.

CT and MRI are modern ways medical examination. Irreversible changes in the spine can be detected at a very early stage. Radiography allows you to diagnose the disease only at a late stage.

Treatment

It is impossible to completely cure the degenerative changes that occur in the spine. Available medical methods make it possible only to suspend the process of development of pathology and eliminate painful symptoms. Medical therapy involves taking painkillers from the group of analgesics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Drugs may also be used local action in the form of ointments and gels.

Reducing degeneration and dystrophic processes chondroprotectors contribute, in the power of which to strengthen the collapsing vertebra and cartilage tissue. Muscle tension will help relieve medications from the group of muscle relaxants. The use of B vitamins is mandatory (first in the form of injections, and then in tablet form).

Good result and relief of symptoms brings physiotherapy. Exercises for each patient are selected by a rehabilitation specialist, taking into account the localization of the affected area. Also, do not forget about diet food enriched with products containing gelatin.

Surgery is indicated only in severe cases. After the operation, the patient is waiting for a long and difficult rehabilitation.

Prevention

The main method of prevention is to form and strengthen muscle corset. To do this, you need to practice regularly. exercise. Excess weight- this is an unnecessary load on the spine, which should definitely get rid of.

Degenerative-dystrophic changes in the spine are observed in 80% of the adult population of the planet. They impair the quality of life, lead to the development serious complications. How to avoid pathologies?

Take any person: everyone has suffered from back pain at least once in their life. Medical statistics says: 20% complain of low back pain constantly, and 1-3% need surgical treatment.

The lumbosacral region is the center of gravity of the body, it takes on all the loads that accompany any movement human body. Sometimes these loads exceed the permissible limits, temporary changes and deformation of cartilaginous tissues occur in the spine. Under the influence of pressure on the damaged area of ​​the spine, salts present in the bloodstream and plasma begin to actively penetrate into its structure. There is a beginning of calcification of a certain area of ​​cartilage tissue. This is degenerative-dystrophic changes in the spine.

How do degenerative changes in the lumbar spine develop?

In order for degenerative changes to pass into an irreversible phase, a lot of time must pass. And this time the disease wins back in a person, due to the fact that the disease does not manifest itself immediately.

Expressed symptoms show themselves when time is lost, and the degenerative changes themselves have become large-scale and irreversible.

The medical term "degenerative-dystrophic changes in the spine" summarizes several diseases:

Degenerative-dystrophic changes in the lumbar spine: main symptoms

The clinical picture of changes can be different, depending on which structures of the spine are damaged and how serious these injuries are.

Symptoms of the diseases appear as degenerative-dystrophic lesions develop, but at the initial stages they pass without pronounced external signs.

As the pathological process develops, the patient may feel stiffness and heaviness in the lower back. But, the main symptom of all degenerative changes spine - pain. Pain in the lumbar region occur during long walking and during physical exertion, prolonged sitting in one position, during bending. The pain syndrome is undulating: it arises, then decreases, disappears.

progressive degenerative process in intervertebral discs spine can lead to serious and dangerous complications.

Degenerative changes develop in stages:

initial stage

The first symptom, "screaming" about the presence pathological changes in the lumbar spine - a pronounced pain syndrome in the lower back. The pain sensations are so palpable that the patient is forced to limit his movements, and this significantly reduces normal level life and performance.

Complaints of pain directly depend on the place where the lesion is localized.

The second stage of the disease

Further progression of degenerative changes is characterized by the presence of:

• severe mobility restrictions;
• "lumbago" that occurs in the lower back;
• tingling and "goosebumps" in the limbs and buttocks.

At the second stage of the disease, radicular syndrome develops - compression of the nerve roots occurs.

Third stage

At the third stage, blood circulation is disturbed due to compression of the radicular vessel, which leads to the development of ischemia. In addition to increasing pain, the third stage is noted:

• partial or temporary numbness in the lower extremity girdle;
• convulsions.

Fourth stage

Degenerative pathological processes of the spine that have not received proper treatment are fraught with paralysis and paresis at the fourth stage of development. These complications arise as a result of a complete violation of the blood circulation of the spinal cord.

Causes of degenerative-dystrophic changes in the spine

The human body is a delicate and precise mechanism. It is determined by nature itself - the load on the human spine should be distributed evenly. A healthy spinal column can withstand both jumping and lifting weights. But, all this works only when a person follows the posture, has a strong muscular corset. Modern look life is immobile. And this leads to a weakening of the muscular corset, weight gain.

Sedentary work contributes to the appearance of degenerative changes in the spine.

According to research, the human spine is in a flexed position 75-80% of the time: intervertebral discs become not so elastic, and the vertebrae are deformed.

Due to degenerative changes, the intervertebral discs lose moisture, cracks and all kinds of ruptures form in them. This contributes to the appearance of intervertebral hernias. The vertebrae, when the load changes, try to increase their area, grow, thicken intensely, pinching the adjacent nerves.

Causes that provoke pathological changes:

• constant or sudden loads;
• active sports with heavy loads;
• trauma;
• natural aging;
• inflammatory diseases of the spine;
• not proper nutrition.

Treatment Methods

Unfortunately, degenerative-dystrophic changes in the lumbar spine are observed in a large number people, and therefore the question of how to treat these pathologies is very relevant.

After all, if degenerative changes are not treated, they will progress, and the consequences can be the most deplorable, up to disability due to impaired motor activity.

Treatment of diseases of the lumbar region is considered complete and promotes recovery if after its implementation there is:

• reduction or disappearance of pain syndrome;
• relieving tension in the muscles of the lumbar, pelvis and lower extremities, strengthening muscles;
• improved blood flow and tissue supply nutrients and oxygen, normalization of metabolic processes;
• removal or reduction of inflammation;
• normalization of the sensitivity of the lumbar;

To achieve the above results, it is necessary proper treatment. Specialists appoint complex therapy using the latest achievements modern medicine. For the treatment of degenerative changes in the lumbosacral spine, the following is prescribed:

• drug therapy;
• physiotherapy;
• massage, therapeutic gymnastics, manual therapy;
• acupuncture, acupuncture;
• in extremely severe cases, surgery.

Conclusion

From the foregoing, it follows that there are several ways to overcome diseases of the lumbosacral region. But, it is better not to allow the appearance of irreversible pathological processes. You should consult a doctor in time, monitor your health, conduct correct image life.

To date, according to medical statistics, degenerative changes in the lumbar spine are present in almost 89 percent of the adult population of the globe. This leads to a decrease in the quality of life, limited physical activity and the risk of developing various serious complications.

In order to avoid this, you need to be clear about:

• what are degenerative changes in the lumbar spine;
• why they occur;
• how can this be avoided.

From the school biology course, we all know that a person has a center of gravity in the region of the sacrum, thanks to which he is an upright creature and does not rely on four limbs when moving. However, initially nature did not create man as a two-legged creature. In this regard, even over the millennia of evolutionary development, man has not been able to get rid of the problems associated with spinal overload.

Being the center of gravity, the lumbar and sacral spine takes on all the loads that accompany any movement of our body. Sometimes these loads exceed the maximum allowable values, and temporary deformation of the cartilage tissue occurs. Under influence high pressure on the damaged area, salts that are present in the plasma and blood flow are actively introduced into its structure. Calcification of a certain area of ​​cartilage tissue begins. This is the degenerative changes in the lumbar spine.

How do degenerative changes in the lumbar spine develop?

In order for the degenerative processes in the spine to become irreversible, time must pass. But this time the disease always wins back in people due to the fact that the symptoms of the disease do not appear immediately. Distinct symptoms appear only when degenerative changes in the lumbar spine have become irreversible and large-scale.

In this regard, it is necessary to pay attention to the possibility of preventing this phenomenon throughout life, regardless of the presence of pain. If you take timely measures to ensure the safety of your spine, then you will not be afraid of any degenerative changes. Accordingly, you will never become disabled because of them.

So. The first stage in the development of tissue degeneration is the primary overload and deformation of the cartilage tissue. If at this stage you pay a minimum of attention to your spine and focus on strengthening its natural supporting frame, then the degenerative changes in the lumbar spine will be stopped and their reverse development will begin over time.

What can you do?

First of all, you need to get one good habit- have to do special exercises for the spine. These complexes are developed taking into account the fact that the spinal column must be supported by a strong framework of muscle tissue. If you have sluggish and flabby muscles, then the spine takes all the blows. You need to try to make the muscles around the spine become strong and strong. In this case, all overloads will be amortized by muscle tissue.

The second point is your diet. If proper nutrition is organized, osteochondrosis will not develop.