People with limited mobility. Disability or special needs. Director of the Department Grigory Lekarev spoke about creating an accessible environment for disabled people in an interview with Moskovsky Komsomolets

The view and attitude of society towards a special category of the population, which is people with disabilities, has changed over the centuries, going from categorical non-recognition to sympathy, support and loyalty. In fact, this is an indicator, a decisive factor that determines the degree of moral maturity and economic viability of a well-coordinated civil society.

Attitudes towards persons with special needs through the ages

The literal meaning of the term "disabled person" is identified with such words as "unfit", "inferior". In the era of the reforms carried out by Peter I, former military men, people with disabilities who were injured or ill during hostilities began to be called disabled. At the same time, the general definition of such a group of individuals, i.e., all persons with physical, mental or other disabilities that prevent normal full-fledged life, appeared in the post-war period - in the middle of the twentieth century.

A significant breakthrough in the difficult path of people with disabilities to acquire their own rights was the adoption of a major document at the international level. This refers to the Declaration on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, signed in 1975 by UN member states. According to this multilateral treaty, the concept of "disabled person" began to mean the following: it is any person who, due to congenital or acquired physical or mental limitations, is not able to realize his own needs without outside help (full or partial).

The system of supporting the socialization of disabled people

In accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, today absolutely all people with disabilities can be called disabled. To establish the appropriate group, MSEC is assigned by a specialized civil service.

Over the past few centuries, attitudes towards such people have changed dramatically. If even some two hundred years ago everything was limited to ordinary care, today things are different. A whole functioning system has been created, which includes a complex of organizations designed for the specific maintenance of disabled people, rehabilitation centers and much more.

It is impossible not to mention the well-established efficiency of educational institutions in which disabled children can receive a decent education, as well as institutions whose graduates are ready to devote their lives to helping people with disabilities. It covers not only physical, but also psychological and moral aspects.

Labor Market Problems

It is necessary to highlight such an important point as work for people with disabilities. Modern labor markets for people with disabilities are a separate spectrum in the economy of the state, depending on special factors and patterns. It is impossible to resolve this issue without the help of the governing state bodies. Citizens who do not have sufficient competitiveness are in dire need of state assistance in finding an appropriate job.

It is possible to determine at what stage in society people with disabilities are, taking into account a number of objective and subjective points:

financial income and level of material support;
education or possible potential for obtaining it;
satisfaction with social guarantees provided by the state.

The lack of permanent employment and unemployment among the disabled is a rather acute problem throughout the country due to the scale of the likely negative consequences.

Why are people with disabilities not successful people?

Often, the low status in society occupied by disabled people is easily explained by the lack of proper psychological rehabilitation. In particular, this applies not only to persons who were injured already in adulthood, but also to disabled children. As a result, such people do not pursue clear life goals, do not have specific attitudes due to the lack of professional skills, knowledge and skills.

The current situation is significantly aggravated by the fact that the majority of entrepreneurs, to put it mildly, are not ready to provide jobs for people with disabilities. Employers are reluctant to hire such people, since providing them with jobs equipped for their needs, a full package of preferential conditions is extremely unprofitable. After all, you will have to reduce working hours and productivity requirements in accordance with Russian law, and this is fraught with losses for businessmen. Despite the large number of existing legal acts regulating job quotas in enterprises and the employment mechanism, the current heads of firms, organizations, companies, as a rule, find good reasons to refuse to employ disabled people. In general, it is possible to single out a single system consisting of several factors that determine the specifics of the employment of persons with physical disabilities.

Stereotypical barriers

People with disabilities are stereotyped by employers. Most managers unequivocally believe that people with disabilities cannot have a decent professional experience, they are not able to perform their job duties in full, and they will not be able to build good relationships in the team. In addition, health problems are fraught with frequent sick leave, instability, and sometimes inappropriate behavior. All this, according to employers, testifies to the professional unsuitability of a person, his insolvency.

The prevalence of such stereotypes has a large-scale impact on the attitude towards persons with disabilities, discriminating against them and depriving them of the chance to adapt in official labor relations.

Choosing a profession that does not correspond to the possibilities

A small percentage of people with disabilities can correctly build a personal strategy for professional growth. The first step in this process is making the right decision about choosing a future specialty, its likely prospects. When entering universities to study in chosen specialties and areas, people with disabilities often make the main mistake here. Not all disabled people are able to sensibly assess their abilities and physiological capabilities based on the severity of their health status, accessibility, study conditions. Guided by the principle “I can and I want”, not taking into account the realities of the current labor market situation, many of them do not think about where they can find a job in the future.

This implies the need to develop an additional vector in the activities of employment services, which will give results during the implementation of preventive measures to overcome the unemployment of people with disabilities. It is important to teach such people to look at employment through the prism of their own potential.

Lack of working conditions for the disabled

An analysis of the statistical data of the most demanded and popular vacancies for people with disabilities has shown that such people are mainly offered jobs that do not require a highly qualified approach. Such positions provide for low wages, a simple monotonous work process (watchmen, operators, assemblers, seamstresses, etc.). Meanwhile, it cannot be categorically stated that this state of affairs is due only to the limited nature of persons with special needs.

A significant role is played by the underdevelopment of the labor market in creating the necessary conditions for the activities of disabled people.

Fighting for the rights of persons with special needs

At the moment, many public, charitable and volunteer associations are implementing their activities, regularly advocating close attention to the plight of the disabled. Their main task is to increase the level of social protection of this category of the population. In addition, over the past few years, it is impossible not to notice a positive trend towards the widespread inclusion of people with disabilities in public life, using their unlimited potential. Societies of people with disabilities go through a difficult path, breaking down barriers and destroying stereotypes.

Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities

The above-mentioned Declaration on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities is not the only document regulating the rights of such people. A few years ago, another international treaty acquired legal significance, in no way inferior in importance to the previous one. The 2008 Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities is a kind of appeal to states to solve the numerous problems of this social sphere as soon as possible. Creating a barrier-free environment - this is how this project can be informally called. People with disabilities should have full physical accessibility not only in the literal sense - to buildings, premises, cultural and memorial sites, but also to information, television, places of employment, transport, etc.

The 2008 UN Convention outlines the rights of persons with disabilities, which must be ensured at the state level by health care, education, and important political decision-making. An important point of the international document is that it affirms the fundamental principles of non-discrimination, independence and respect for such people. Russia was no exception among the countries that ratified the Convention, taking this important step for the entire state back in 2009.

The significance of the adoption of this international document for our state is invaluable. The statistics are not encouraging: a tenth of Russians have a disability group. More than two thirds of them are occupied by patients with cardiovascular and oncological diseases. They were followed by carriers of diseases of the musculoskeletal system and the musculoskeletal system.

The activity of the state in solving the problem

Over the past few years, the main areas of support for people with disabilities have been work on regulatory, financial, organizational social security. The question of how to raise incomes and improve the lives of people with disabilities deserves special attention. Considering that the implementation of social programs aimed at supporting the disabled continues, it is already possible to draw an intermediate result now:

public organizations of the disabled receive state subsidies;
disability pension has doubled in recent years;
more than 200 rehabilitation centers for the disabled and about 300 specialized institutions for children have been established.

It cannot be said that all problems in this area have been solved. Their list is quite long. Among them, a whole set can be singled out, namely: regular failures in the operation of the MSEC mechanism, difficulties that arise during the rehabilitation activities of disabled people, the presence of conflicts in regulations denoting the rights of disabled people to sanatorium treatment.

Conclusion

The only fact that causes only a positive attitude is the realization that modern Russia has determined the course and direction for the long-awaited transition from the current social system to new principles, according to which all obstacles and barriers must be removed.

After all, human capabilities are not limited. And no one has the right to interfere with full-fledged effective participation in public life, to make important decisions on an equal basis with others.

Disabled people are PEOPLE with disabilities.

People with disabilities, in Russian, the disabled, are everywhere. Limitation of opportunities leaves its mark on the character of such people. And, perhaps, the most striking feature is the desire to be needed and useful. The overwhelming majority of such people are willing and able to work. We all know that it is more than difficult for a disabled person to find a job in Russia at least somehow, to say nothing of the possibility of finding a good job to your liking, strength and pay. Therefore, we want to bring to your attention a story-sketch about the life of disabled people in the United States. Its author, Svetlana Bukina, has been living in the United States of America for 17 years. Her view of the problem is just a view from the outside.

Walid

It took me several years to live in America to figure out that the word "disabled" is the English word invalid written in Russian letters. Miriam-Webster's dictionary defines invalid as follows:

not valid: a: being without foundation or force in fact, truth, or law b: logically inconsequent - groundless, lawless, unsupported by facts. Illogical. Disabled is a noun. We can say, "Here comes the disabled person." In English, there is also a similar word - CRIPPLE, but in terms of the degree of unspoken correlation it will be compared only with the "Negro". It's the name-calling that angry teenagers call after the poor boy on crutches in heart-rending novels.

Nouns define a person - a freak, a genius, an idiot, a hero. Americans love nouns-definitions no less than other peoples, but people with disabilities prefer to be called “disabled persons”. A person with limited options. But first, a person.

I work at the National Guard Building, and there are handicapped people everywhere. We are not talking about war veterans who have lost arms or legs. They say there are a lot of them, but I don't see them. They sit in their "cubes" and do paper or computer work. I'm talking about those who were born with some kind of physical or mental defect, and more often with both. It is easy for a soldier without a leg or arm to find work. Try to find a job for a deaf-mute mentally retarded Korean or a woman in a wheelchair, whose IQ is God forbid 75.

A Korean collects garbage from our baskets and gives out new bags. A nice guy that everyone loves, and they pull out the trash cans from under the tables at the first sound of his good-natured lowing. A woman in a wheelchair, along with a half-mute Mexican, are cleaning our toilets. How they do it (especially she, in a wheelchair), I don’t know for sure, but the toilets are shining. And in the cafeteria, half of the serving girls are clearly out of this world, and they don’t speak English well. But there are no problems - you poke your finger, put it on a plate. They put it very generously, I always ask to take off a little meat, I can’t eat so much. And they always smile. And in a mini-cafe on the third floor, a cheerful guy works, completely blind. He makes such hot dogs, hold on. In seconds. In general, it works better and faster than most sighted people.

These people do not give the impression of being unhappy and miserable, and they are not. Disabled people in wheelchairs have specially equipped cars, or they are transported by a minibus adapted for this purpose. Everyone has a decently paid job, plus very decent pensions, vacations and insurance (they work for the state, after all). I know about how they equip apartments with the example of my own late grandmother, who was installed a special phone when she was almost deaf, and then replaced with the same one, but with giant buttons, when she was almost blind. They also brought a magnifying glass that enlarged each letter a hundred times so that she could read. When her leg was amputated, Grandmother was transferred to a new apartment, where there was a place under the sinks to enter in a wheelchair, all the counters were low, and the bathroom was equipped with “grabbers” built into the wall, so that it was convenient to change from a chair to a toilet or to the bathroom.

Having seen enough of these people, I began to observe mentally and physically retarded children without sadness. The kindergarten that my youngest son attends is located in a separate wing of the school for such children. Every morning I see how they get off the buses or cars of their parents - some by themselves, some with someone's help. Some from the outside look absolutely normal, while others can be seen from a mile away that something is wrong with them. But these are ordinary children - throwing snowballs, laughing, making faces, losing mittens. They study in a well-equipped school, where teachers are taught by specialists who have been trained for at least four years on how best to handle them and how best to teach such children.

Recently I happened to run into a man at work, let's call him Nikolai, who came to America from Moscow several years ago. After talking with him for a while, I still could not understand what prompted this man to emigrate. Himself - a highly qualified specialist, a programmer, his wife - too, and both were well arranged; the eldest son graduated from one of the best physics and mathematics schools in Moscow. They had a wonderful apartment, a car… Besides, the people were Russians, Muscovites of God-knows-what generation, all the relatives stayed there, all the friends. Nikolai did not fit into the image of a typical immigrant. Nevertheless, he was precisely an immigrant: he won a green card, applied for citizenship, bought a house and was not going to return. Politics? Climate? Ecology? I was at a loss.

I had to ask directly. “So my daughter…” hesitated my new friend. The daughter was mutilated at birth - somehow they pulled it out with forceps incorrectly. The girl has cerebral palsy in a rather serious form, she walks on crutches (those that start from the elbow, such supports), she must wear special shoes and is several years behind in development.

In Moscow, I had no relatives or friends with mentally or physically retarded children, so what Nikolai said was a revelation and caused a slight shock. Firstly, the girl had nowhere to teach. At home - please, but there are no normal (read: special) schools for them. What is, it is better not to mention. The wife had to quit her job and teach her daughter at home. Yes, but how? It is difficult to teach such children in traditional ways, special methods, a certain approach are needed. It is not enough to accumulate information on the Internet - a special talent is required. My wife, a mathematician, had many talents, but God deprived her of this particular one. The woman left a promising and beloved job and hung around with a disabled child, not knowing how to deal with her, and feeling that life was going to hell.

But that was only the beginning. The child was entitled to some special benefits that had to be beaten out by humiliating himself and going through seven circles of bureaucratic hell. The worst were the doctor visits. The girl was terrified of them, yelled, trembled and fought in hysterics. Each time they hurt her very much, with a stern look explaining to her mother that it was necessary. All this - for very decent money, in a private clinic. Nikolai told me that his daughter had a phobia for many years - she was terribly afraid of all people in white coats. It took a few months here in America for her to start to back off, and a few years for her to fully trust the doctors.

However, all this was not enough to push Nicholas to emigrate. Painfully deeply rooted in Russia. The decision to leave was made when the daughter began to grow up, and Nikolai and his wife suddenly realized that in that country she had absolutely no prospects, no hope, pardon the banality, for a brighter future. You can live in Moscow if you are healthy and able to earn decent money. A person with a serious disability, coupled with mental retardation, simply has nothing to do there. They left for their daughter.

They do not regret. They are nostalgic, of course, they love their Motherland, they go there in two years for the third and cherish Russian passports. Nikolai spoke only good things about Russia. But he prefers to live here. A daughter in America has flourished, goes to a school like the one in which my son’s kindergarten is only two or three years behind in development compared to five a few years ago, made a bunch of girlfriends and learned to love doctors and physiotherapists. The whole street loves her. The wife went to work and perked up.

Nikolai and his family do not live in a metropolis like New York or Washington, but in a small city in a middle American state. I will not name the state - there are too few Russians, they are easily recognized - but imagine Kentucky or Ohio. There are similar schools everywhere, and not only teachers, but also psychologists and career counselors work there.

Speaking of careers. The Americans with Disabilities Act does not force, as some people think, to hire or guarantee employment for people with disabilities. It clearly states that exactly the same is expected from a worker with a disability as from others. I personally saw, and took part in the interview, how they hired not a deaf or lame person (and not a black one, by the way), but someone who was better suited for the position that was opened. Decisions were always reasoned, and there were never any problems.

A deaf conductor, a blind photographer, or a loader who breaks his back will have to find another job. But if an accountant broke his back, then the employer is obliged to provide him with access to the workplace - to build a ramp for a wheelchair, for example, or to install an elevator. A paralyzed accountant is no worse than a healthy one, but if he is fired or not hired, all other things being equal, because the owner of the company was too lazy to build a ramp or feel sorry for the money for a specially equipped cubicle in the toilet, then the boss can easily be sued.

At first, many spat, but then the buildings simply began to be built differently. And at the same time modify the old ones - just in case. Existence determines consciousness. "For the disabled" is now equipped with almost everything, everywhere. It is not only the disabled themselves who win, but society wins. Those with only physical problems are out of the question - the country is acquiring high-quality specialists in a myriad of fields. In one IBM, for example, there are hundreds of paralyzed, blind, deaf and dumb and whatever else programmers and financiers. Their work is evaluated exactly according to the same criteria as the work of everyone else. Having once invested money in infrastructure, the company reaps the benefits for many years, getting qualified and, most importantly, grateful and loyal employees.

But what about the mentally retarded? For those who have everything in order with mobility, there are also plenty of jobs. But even for someone like the woman who cleans our toilets, there is work to be done. Extend her brush and brush, and she will scrub the toilet just as well as any other cleaner. You can pack food in bags in supermarkets or mow lawns, walk dogs or look after babies. One of the teachers in her son's kindergarten is a girl with Down syndrome. She is certainly not the main caregiver and does not make serious decisions, but she is a very warm and gentle person and calms all the screaming babies, never getting annoyed or raising her voice. Children love her.

Let's forget about the benefit to society for a moment. Of course, well-to-do people do not have to pay disability benefits from our common pocket, and this is good from an economic point of view, and from a demographic one. But it's not just that. Attitude towards the elderly and the disabled is one of the best determinants of the health of society. No amount of economic indicators, no military power, no amount of political weight will tell you about a country what a bunch of happy kids with autism, cerebral palsy, or Down's Syndrome will say, let alone an equally happy group of their parents. After all, America not only gave Nikolai's daughter hope for a normal - and decent - life, she gave no less to her mother.

Medicine is moving forward by leaps and bounds. More and more sick children are surviving to adulthood, and women are giving birth later and later, whether we like it or not. The number of children with disabilities is unlikely to decrease, although early testing of pregnant women allows for the time being to keep it more or less stable. An interesting fact is that more and more mothers, having learned that their child has Down syndrome or some other disorder, choose not to have an abortion.

Of course, the physical problems and low IQ will not go away, and at the average level, these people will not function. But one thing is for sure: whatever their potential, they will achieve the maximum that they are capable of. Because a person with disability is not a disabled person. This is a man with a lot of problems. And if you help him, he will become a valid.

This article is one of the top 30 most discussed articles in the blogosphere. But it does not contain anything that the general reader usually pecks at. Just a calm look from the outside, just a sketch. The author did not set a goal to be proud, show off, collect hundreds of comments. In the US, everyone is used to seeing people with disabilities for who they are. The life of a person with disabilities does not become an extra effort. This is probably why the article had so many responses from Russia.

You read the article and understand how we are still infinitely far from such social comfort. Sometimes it’s impossible to push an ordinary baby stroller into an elevator, but there’s no need to talk about wheelchairs for the disabled.

A year ago, we translated one of our site's popular content into English Do We Need Sick Children? , the article was devoted to the problems of children with disabilities in Russia. English-speaking readers did not understand us, they were completely incomprehensible to the problems of the article and the problems discussed in it. Instead of drawing attention to what we thought was an acute problem, we focused on the difficult situation that has developed in the Fatherland.

However, we are also seeing some shifts. People with disabilities are at least beginning to talk about the problems. More and more ramps, large roomy elevators and toilets for the disabled. It is still difficult for people with disabilities to enjoy these benefits of civilization, because the houses that they used to be and have remained, as well as public transport, the metro, etc.

But, the main problem, most likely, is not this. Disabled people have been isolated from society for so long that now meeting with them is like a shock for ordinary people. The man looks at the disabled person for a long time with surprise and curiosity. It turns out a kind of "zoo" among people. But such a long isolation from “other” people did not benefit a healthy, so to speak, society. We have absolutely no knowledge and culture of behavior in relation to the disabled. Therefore, we behave with him wildly and tactlessly.

«. ..I live in Russia, my child is severely disabled. Plus, I live in a small provincial town where there is NOTHING for my child at all. No treatment, no training, no seedy integration. We try to walk with the child every day and every day, passers-by examine me and the child from head to toe, some try to walk past 2-3 times if we couldn’t see everything the first time .. If someone sees that I can’t push the stroller or get stuck in a snowdrift, they will watch how the matter ends, whether I dump the child on the ground or not, but no one will come to help ... When we have the audacity and we call in a cafe (the only cafe in the city without steps, the entrance is level with the ), then no one will sit at our table, even if there are no more empty seats.

And this is Russia…our country…our Motherland.”

What will you answer to this ... Infinitely sad and infinitely ashamed. Therefore, it is necessary to start solving the problems of social adaptation of anyone from healthy people, from themselves and right now. And as long as situations like the above comment exist, no ramps, lifts, handrails and elevators will bridge the gap between the healthy and the sick, the normal and the handicapped.

Why do people become disabled?
What help do they need?
What can people with disabilities achieve?

Disabled

Disabled people are everywhere. According to the United Nations (UN), almost every tenth person on the planet is disabled.

Disabled people - people with spinal injuries, lower limb amputation, cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis, people with visual impairments, hearing impairments, mental illnesses, etc.

A person is not to blame for being born or becoming that way. It is not his fault that he cannot always work and provide for himself. The lifestyle of disabled people is the daily intake of medicines that help maintain the vital activity of the body, but do not cure diseases.

Causes of disability

Disability is not always a congenital condition, heredity. Most often, the cause is an accident: in countries where there has recently been a war, children are maimed by mines left in the ground. Failure to comply with safety regulations at work leads to injuries. Sometimes people fall and break their legs.

Thus, daily activities and work activities can cause ill health and even disability.

Interesting Facts
International Day of Persons with Disabilities takes place annually on December 3rd.

Disabled people are the same as all people, although with their own characteristics. Who doesn't have them? It is necessary that people with disabilities learn and work together with ordinary people. They need understanding and equality.

What difficulties do people with disabilities face in everyday life? What helps to overcome them?

Help for people with disabilities

We must help people with disabilities.

The state does its best to help the disabled. For example, in a number of cities there are special buses with yellow-green stripes on the sides, which transport disabled people of the 1st and 2nd groups for free. The state provides medical assistance to the disabled. All regions of the country are trying to provide education for children with disabilities who need homeschooling.

In our country, there are many enterprises that produce high-quality products, where people with disabilities work.

Additional reading
Blind from birth are well oriented in space. They will never run into a tree or fall off the sidewalk. But suddenly blind people sit at home for years, going out into the street only accompanied by relatives. They cannot buy bread on their own and cross the road - there are few sound traffic lights in the country.
With certain training, which all visually impaired people receive in schools and special courses, they can move quite freely and independently, travel by public transport, shop in a store, solve everyday problems, and generally do not differ from other people. There are a number of devices in the world that help not to be dependent on others: from the determinant of banknotes and the determinant of the water level in a glass to a minicomputer that allows you to freely navigate the terrain. In addition, after special training and the acquisition of skills, a person can independently navigate the terrain with the help of a cane or guide dog.

What problems do visually impaired people face in everyday life? What adaptations help to overcome them? How can you help visually impaired people solve their problems?

According to official statistics, about 10 million people with disabilities live in Russia. There are about 12 thousand deaf and blind children in Russia, i.e. both blind and deaf at the same time. Among children studying in schools for the blind, about 80% are visually impaired from birth, about 1% have lost their sight as a result of accidents, and the rest are visually impaired.

Outstanding Achievement

There are many examples of how people with disabilities have achieved outstanding results that ordinary citizens are incapable of.

Suffice it to recall the great composer Ludwig van Beethoven, who became deaf in the prime of his creative powers and, overcoming incredible difficulties, making titanic efforts, composed brilliant symphonies.

Nikolai Ostrovsky, who lost his sight, wrote the novel "How the Steel Was Tempered", which tells about outstanding courage and urges people not to give up before circumstances.

Pilot Alexei Maresyev during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945 was seriously wounded, as a result of which his legs were amputated to the knees. Despite his disability, he still returned to the regiment and flew with prostheses. Before being wounded, he shot down four German aircraft, and after being wounded, seven more.

The Russian team in Paralympic sports consistently takes first place and performs better than the main Olympic team. (The Paralympics are sports competitions for the disabled and are held after the main Olympic Games.)

What do you think is the reason for the achievements of people with disabilities?

Perhaps in this - in the application of super-efforts - lies the reason for the outstanding successes of the disabled. They just need a little help.

Start small - smile at them, say hello or help them cross the street.

Interesting Facts
In Veliky Novgorod, for almost 30 years, there has been a unique theater "Gesture", which brings together actors who are deaf and wheelchair users. The unusual troupe includes people aged 7 years and older. The unique Novgorod theater has repeatedly become a laureate of international, all-Russian and regional festivals, it has been awarded several prestigious awards.

Summing up
Disability is not always a heredity and an inborn trait. The cause of disability can be the daily activities and work of a person. It is very important in our daily life to be attentive to the problems of people with disabilities.

Basic terms and concepts
Disabled person, disability.

Test your knowledge

Explain the meaning of the words "disability", "disability".
List the causes of disability.
If disabled people are people with disabilities, how can they set Olympic records?
If you were the leaders of the state, what measures would you suggest to improve the lives of people with disabilities?

Workshop

In 2009, Bolshoy Gorod magazine organized an action during which wheelchair users and healthy people (including several celebrities) made their way from the Kutuzovskaya metro station to the Kyiv metro station in wheelchairs. They tried to do the usual things: go to a store, a pharmacy, sit in a cafe in order to understand whether this area of Moscow is suitable for the life of the disabled.
How this happened and what came of it, you need to find out on your own by collecting the necessary material on the Internet and preparing an oral report.
Go around the surrounding houses and streets - what is adapted for the disabled and what is not. How would you remake uncomfortable places? Formulate your proposals.
Are there people with disabilities in your environment? What can you tell about their life? How can you personally help people with disabilities?
Collect information about our contemporaries, whose disability did not prevent them from achieving success in life. Make a computer presentation.
What assistance is provided to the disabled in our country? And in foreign countries? When preparing, use the materials of newspapers and magazines, the Internet.

It's no secret that in the modern world there is a certain "standard of beauty." And if you want to succeed, to become famous, please live up to that standard. However, it is very pleasant that from time to time there are people who send all these standards and conventions to hell and just go to their goal no matter what. Such people deserve respect.

Winnie Harlow

A professional model from Canada who suffers from vitiligo, a skin pigmentation disorder associated with a lack of melanin. This disease is expressed practically only in the external effect and is almost not treated. Since childhood, Winnie dreamed of becoming a model and stubbornly walked towards her goal. As a result, she became the first girl in a serious modeling business with such a disease.

Peter Dinklage

He is best known for his role as Tyrion Lannister in Game of Thrones. Dinklage was born with a hereditary disease - achondroplasia, leading to dwarfism. His height is 134 cm. Despite the fact that both of his parents are of average height, as well as his brother Jonathan.

RJ Mitt

He is best known for his role as Walter White Jr. on the television series Breaking Bad. Like his character in Breaking Bad, Mitt suffers from cerebral palsy. Due to cerebral palsy, signals reach the brain more slowly, since at birth his brain was damaged as a result of a lack of oxygen. As a result, his musculoskeletal system and ability to control his muscles were impaired. For example, the hand twitches uncontrollably. However, this does not in the least prevent the 23-year-old guy from acting in films and producing films.

Henry Samuel

Better known under the alias of Seal. British singer-songwriter, winner of three Grammy music awards and several Brit Awards. The scars on his face are the result of a skin condition known as discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE). He suffered this disease as a teenager and suffered greatly because of the scars that appeared on his face. Now the singer is sure that they give him a certain charm.

Forest Whitaker

American actor, director, producer. Winner of Oscar, Golden Globe, BAFTA and Emmy awards. He became the fourth African American to win an Oscar for Best Actor. Forest suffers from ptosis of the left eye, a congenital disease of the oculomotor nerve. However, many critics and viewers often note that this gives it a certain mystery and charm. At the same time, the actor himself is considering the possibility of corrective surgery. True, according to his statement, the purpose of the operation is not at all cosmetic, but purely medical - ptosis worsens the field of vision and contributes to the degradation of vision itself.

Jamel Debbouz

French actor, producer, showman of Moroccan origin. In January 1990 (that is, at the age of 14), Jamel injured his hand while playing on the train tracks in the Paris Metro. As a result, the hand has ceased to develop, and he cannot use it. Since then, he almost always keeps his right hand in his pocket. However, this does not in the least prevent him from remaining one of the most sought-after actors in France to this day.

Donald Joseph Qualls

Better known as DJ Qualls, is an American actor and producer. Qualls' most popular role is the title role in Edward Decter's The Tough Guy. Many who see him in the movies cannot fail to note the unusual thinness of Qualls. The reason for this is cancer. At the age of 14, Qualls was diagnosed with Hodgkin's lymphogranulomatosis (a malignant neoplasm of lymphoid tissue). The treatment turned out to be quite successful, and after two years of fighting the disease, a remission ensued. This episode in his life was the beginning of DJ's activities to support the foundation, which is engaged in the fight against this disease.

Zinovy Gerdt

Magnificent Soviet and Russian theater and film actor, People's Artist of the USSR. In addition to his acting career, Zinovy Efimovich, like many in those days, had to engage in other, not so peaceful activities, he is a participant in the Great Patriotic War. On February 12, 1943, on the outskirts of Kharkov, while clearing enemy minefields for the passage of Soviet tanks, he was seriously wounded in the leg by a fragment of a tank shell. After eleven operations, Gerdt retained the injured leg, which has since been 8 centimeters shorter than the healthy one and forced the artist to limp heavily. Even just walking was difficult for him, but the actor did not give up and did not spare himself on the set.

Sylvester Stallone

A vivid example of the fact that any disadvantage, if desired, can be made into a virtue. At the birth of Sylvester, doctors, using obstetrical forceps, inflicted an injury on him, damaging his facial nerves. The result is partial paralysis of the lower left side of the face and slurred speech. It would seem that you can forget about an acting career with such problems. However, Sly still managed to break through, choosing the role of a brutal guy who does not need to talk much in the frame, his muscles will say everything for him.

Nick Vujicic

Nick was born into a family of Serbian immigrants. From birth, he had a rare genetic pathology - tetraamelia: the boy had no full-fledged limbs - both arms and both legs. Partially there was one foot with two fused fingers. As a result, it was this foot, after surgery and separation of the fingers, that allowed Nick to learn to walk, swim, skateboard, surfboard, play on the computer and write. Worried about his disability as a child, he learned to live with his handicap, sharing his experience with others and becoming a world-famous motivational speaker. His speeches are mainly addressed to children and youth (including those with disabilities), in the hope of intensifying their search for the meaning of life and developing their abilities.