Poisoning with bad alcohol. How does toxicity develop in the body? Methyl alcohol poisoning: how to recognize and treat

Stages of alcohol intoxication

If the victim's breathing and heart rate slowed down, then narcological intervention with the use of special drugs and resuscitation assistance will be needed. For this, the victim is sent to the hospital.

Thanks for the feedback

Comments

Megan92 () 2 weeks ago

Has anyone managed to save her husband from alcoholism? Mine drinks without drying up, I don’t know what to do ((I thought of getting a divorce, but I don’t want to leave the child without a father, and I feel sorry for my husband, he’s a great person when he doesn’t drink

Daria () 2 weeks ago

I have already tried so many things and only after reading this article, I managed to wean my husband from alcohol, now he doesn’t drink at all, even on holidays.

Megan92 () 13 days ago

Daria () 12 days ago

Megan92, so I wrote in my first comment) I will duplicate it just in case - link to article.

Sonya 10 days ago

Isn't this a divorce? Why sell online?

Yulek26 (Tver) 10 days ago

Sonya, what country do you live in? They sell on the Internet, because shops and pharmacies set their markup brutal. In addition, payment is only after receipt, that is, they first looked, checked and only then paid. And now everything is sold on the Internet - from clothes to TVs and furniture.

Editorial response 10 days ago

Sonya, hello. This drug for treatment alcohol addiction really not implemented through pharmacy chain and Retail Stores to avoid overpricing. Currently, you can only order official website. Be healthy!

Sonya 10 days ago

Sorry, I didn't notice at first the information about the cash on delivery. Then everything is in order for sure, if the payment is upon receipt.

Margo (Ulyanovsk) 8 days ago

Has anyone tried folk methods to get rid of alcoholism? My father drinks, I can not influence him in any way ((

Andrey () A week ago

Alcohol poisoning is one of the most serious types of intoxication of the body, accompanied, depending on the severity of the condition, by various manifestations of the gastrointestinal tract, cardiovascular and nervous systems. The reaction of the body in this case is due to the influence of alcohol and its decay products. Symptoms of alcohol poisoning depend on the degree of intoxication, alcohol "experience" and the state of human health.

The use of alcoholic beverages, depending on their quantity, can cause three conditions that differ in the severity of impaired functioning of the body, which can be determined by characteristic symptoms:

The state of intoxication, depending on the volume of alcohol consumed, can have 4 degrees:

Mild - may have no manifestations or slightly noticeable vegetative changes 30 minutes after drinking alcohol (reddening skin, sweating) and minor changes in psychomotor reactions (decreased concentration).
Medium - disturbances in the activity of the central nervous system are noticeably manifested: incoherent speech, loss of control over behavior, inadequate actions, sexual harassment, aggression.
Severe - deep lesions of the central nervous system occur: loss of consciousness, spontaneous urination and defecation, epileptic seizures are possible.
Coma - if available deep defeat CNS disturbances occur in the activity of the excretory, cardiovascular, respiratory systems. The person does not respond external stimuli. If there are such signs, alternative methods of treatment are unacceptable. In case of refusal timely assistance possible death.

Signs of alcohol poisoning and mechanisms of their occurrence

What are the first manifestations of the body indicate poisoning? Under the influence of alcohol poisoning, the activity of internal organs is damaged, as evidenced by pronounced symptoms. Each of them indicates the effect of ethanol and its decay products on a specific organ. Let's look at which signs of alcohol poisoning are the most typical and what causes them.

About defeat gastrointestinal tract testify the following symptoms: liquid stool, abdominal pain, nausea and subsequent vomiting. Diarrhea is caused by malabsorption mineral components, water and fats, an hour and a half after taking alcohol. Pain are the "response" of the body to the direct damaging effect of alcohol on the epithelium of the stomach and small intestine.

The main impact of ethanol falls on the central nervous system. This is expressed in the following manifestations:

euphoria;
rave;
excited state;
convulsions;
hallucinations;
lack of coordination;
change in perception, speech;
decrease in body temperature.

These symptoms are due to the damaging effects of alcohol on nervous tissue, causing oxygen starvation of cells and metabolic disorders. An important role is played by the decomposition products of alcohol, which have a severe toxic effect.

Do not stay away and the cardiovascular system. Acute poisoning is manifested in the following signs:

redness of the face;
cardiopalmus;
pallor of the skin;
dizziness;
lowering blood pressure;
general malaise.

The occurrence of these symptoms occurs due to dehydration of the body. The body, compensating for the insufficient amount of fluid in the cells, "takes" it from the blood, thereby reducing blood volume. To compensate for this deficiency, the body constricts peripheral vessels, supplying blood to more significant organs.

Alcohol also affects respiratory system. Signs of alcohol poisoning in this case are expressed as:

rapid, noisy breathing;
acute respiratory failure.

It happens because of defeat. respiratory center, metabolic disorders and the development of cerebral edema.

The pathological effect of ethanol on the kidneys and liver will help determine the following symptoms:

frequent urination;
violations of urination up to complete cessation;
pain in the right hypochondrium;
yellowing of the skin and eye sclera (rarely).

These first symptoms occur due to a decrease in the secretion of a hormone that retains water in the body and damage to liver and kidney cells. Toxic action ethanol depends on how much was drunk, the quality of alcohol and the stability of the person.

Complications after alcohol poisoning

As a result of the toxic effect of alcohol, it is possible to develop serious illnesses affecting the activity of the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory organs, central nervous system. The most common are:

acute pancreatitis;
acute renal failure;
acute toxic hepatitis;
"white tremens" (alcoholic delirium);
acute liver failure.

To recover from poisoning is possible only with complete failure from alcohol, but how long it will take is unknown. Last but not least is nutrition.

Treatment for alcohol poisoning

Is it possible to treat poisoning at home and what to do? To restore normal health and functioning of the organs, a number of measures are necessary. Only a qualified doctor is engaged in determining the degree of damaging effects of ethanol and prescribing therapy adequate to the condition. Folk remedies may be used with caution. At home, treatment can only be carried out mild form poisoning.

In this case, alcohol does not cause major changes in the structure of internal organs. There is a general scheme of therapy that helps to relieve severe manifestation intoxication, which is adhered to when providing assistance in a hospital setting.

Detoxification. This type of therapy is aimed at eliminating the cause of poisoning - the accumulation of ethanol toxins. For this purpose, you can make a drip injection the following drugs: physiological saline, glucose. Which medicine is best, the doctor can determine based on the overall picture.
For intoxication, sorbents are used ( Activated carbon, Polysorb), which cleanse the body of accumulated poisons. Before their use, gastric lavage is done through the mouth.
Infusion therapy helps relieve a number of symptoms and get rid of accumulated poisons and provides correction acid-base balance, improving blood quality. To do this, using droppers, you can intravenously inject either polyionic solutions of 500 ml (chlosol, quartosol, acesol), or gemodez 400 ml and 400 ml of a 4% solution of sodium bicarbonate.
At this stage, metadoxil is used, a drug developed for the treatment of alcohol intoxication, which helps to remove the effect of ethanol. The drug is administered either intramuscularly or intravenously. How much the drug is needed is determined by the doctor. Can do complementary therapy the use of vitamins and glucose.
Symptomatic therapy. This measure helps to restore the work of organs, if necessary. For this purpose, analeptics (sulfocamphocaine, cordiamine), cardiotropic medications(strophanthin solution, corglicon solution), pressure and anxiety remedies (noshpu, trental, magnesia), diuretics (lasix) and hepatoprotectors (essentiale, heptral). In some cases, with intoxication of medium and mild degree treatment can be supplemented with the use of drugs that help relieve psychomotor agitation. Use them with caution due to the ability to depress the respiratory center. The course lasts from 5 to 14 days.
The nutrition of the patient at this time must meet certain requirements and be carried out at short intervals. It is not recommended to eat fatty, fried, spicy.

Home treatment

What to do in case of alcohol poisoning? If signs of alcohol poisoning appear, it is necessary to adhere to the principles of therapy used in a hospital setting. For this, the stomach and intestines are washed. Cleansing the stomach - prevention of more serious consequences. To cleanse the stomach, you need to drink 6 glasses of a weak solution of potassium permanganate and induce vomiting. The intestines are washed with an enema.

After that, the patient must be given enterosorbents. You can use any of the following medications that you have at home:

Activated charcoal (1 tablet per 10 kg of weight) is the most affordable and inexpensive remedy.
Enterosgel (once 6 tablespoons). From this drug it is recommended to make a solution for gastric lavage.
Polysorb (3 tablespoons per ¼ cup of water).

Folk methods for recovery water-salt balance provide plentiful drink. Suitable for this cucumber pickle, mineral water, natural juices(orange, grapefruit).

The next step is symptomatic treatment relief from headaches and general malaise. For this purpose, they use pharmacy products that are at home, reducing the toxic effects of alcohol, such as succinic acid, B vitamins, vitamin C and analgesics. Hangover drugs are especially popular: Alka-Seltzer, Zorex, Korrda, which remove all unpleasant symptoms poisoning for a short time.

To get rid of toxins, the patient is given honey (100 g for 3 doses), which is in any home, herbal teas, pharmaceutical preparations, restoring the functions of the liver (Essentiale, hepatrin). Helps restore the digestive tract light diet food: chicken bouillon, viscous cereals. The listed treatments can be used at home if the poisoning is mild or medium degree gravity. If there is any doubt about the condition of the patient, you should immediately contact the hospital.

Strong acute poisoning treated only in the hospital. After carrying out all measures for the treatment of poisoning, prevention of a recurrence of the situation is necessary. This work consists of clarifying possible consequences for good health.

Folk methods for alcohol poisoning

What to do after poisoning? You can restore health at home after suffering poisoning with the help of decoctions and infusions of herbs. Special attention in this case, you need to turn to diuretics, choleretic properties plants. The following folk remedies help to treat the consequences of alcohol intoxication:

oatmeal broth. It is used to cleanse toxins - the causes of poisoning, and restore liver function in the early days. To do this, prepare a decoction of 200 g of cereal, which is poured into 2 liters cold water. The mixture is put on a small fire and cooked from the moment of boiling for 50 minutes. The uncooled broth is filtered. To get rid of the effects of poisoning, you need to drink a remedy 4-5 times a day, 100 g each, before meals. It is better to make a decoction in small portions, as it quickly turns sour. The course of treatment for alcohol poisoning lasts 10 days. Reception can be repeated in a month. Oatmeal - prevention of cirrhosis of the liver.

A decoction of tansy. To get rid of the decay products of ethanol in a short time, prepare a decoction of 2 tablespoons of tansy herb and 0.5 liters of boiling water. To increase the cleansing effect, the agent is boiled for 10 minutes and infused for about an hour. After that, the drug is filtered. You need to drink the medicine before meals three times a day for 1/3 cup for 7 days. To improve the taste of the broth, it is recommended to eat honey. This drug helps to treat disorders in the liver.
Herbal collection. Helps to treat the effects of poisoning in a short time. Options for such fees great amount. Effective remedy in case of alcohol poisoning - a collection of birch leaves (30 g), rose hips (40 g), hawthorn fruits and leaves (30 g). Pour the crushed parts of plants with one liter of boiling water. Wrap the container and leave to infuse for two hours. Then the infusion is filtered. Drink half a glass, after adding ½ tbsp. honey, 2 to 4 times a day, one hour before meals.

Replace herbs, can be any others that are in home first aid kit with similar properties. Decoctions should be made with caution, given the presence of existing diseases. In cases of severe poisoning, folk methods can be used after detoxification procedures and infusion therapy with the consent of the attending physician.

Alcohol poisoning: when intoxication occurs

Drinking alcohol leads to intoxication - the nervous system at this time is in a special "floating" state from the psychoactive effects of ethanol. The good mood and feeling of euphoria that we look for at the bottom of a glass or shot glass are nothing more than the first signs of alcohol poisoning.

Even a few drops of alcohol affect the state of the body, and the more a person drinks, the more serious the consequences of intoxication will be. According to the strength of the effect on the nervous system, alcoholic beverages are different. The most "harmless" is alcohol, in which the ethanol content is not more than 15%: champagne, vermouth, wine and beer. But such strong drinks as cognac, vodka, tequila, whiskey and gin, you can’t get too carried away. Absinthe is recognized as the strongest alcohol.

Alcohol poisoning: stages

The defeat of the body by the components of alcohol occurs as follows: ethanol in the composition of the "laughing" drink enters the stomach and is soon absorbed by the mucous membranes, through which it enters the bloodstream. a certain portion toxic substances will neutralize the liver, but the body will not be able to completely neutralize a large proportion of alcohol, then the unprocessed poison penetrates into the brain tissue. It is at this stage that irreversible changes occur in the structure of neurons and the functions of internal organs.

Intoxication as a result of alcohol consumption is classified into several stages. You can accurately determine the degree of poisoning by laboratory research by the number of ppm in the blood. How much a person has become intoxicated can also be understood by the corresponding symptoms of alcohol poisoning.

Mild alcohol poisoning

For the sake of a pleasant feeling of light intoxication alcoholic drink, in fact, and put on the table. A couple of glasses of wine - and emotional uplift, slight excitement, as well as unmotivated bliss are provided to you. In this state, it is difficult to assess one's own real opportunities, rather, they want to overestimate. However, in reality, the number of errors in a person’s work is increasing, and his mental and physical activity are noticeably reduced. A mild degree of alcohol poisoning can be identified by dilated pupils and a slightly reddened face. The drunk sweats more and feels the need to empty the bladder more often.

In addition, a drunk person begins to raise his voice, all his statements become more categorical and uncompromising. He has difficulty expressing his thoughts coherently and concentrating. Sweeping movements, “floating” facial expressions, loss of control over hidden personality traits are also considered mild symptoms degree of intoxication. Usually a person comes to his senses quite quickly and easily.

The average degree of alcohol poisoning

Signs of moderate alcohol intoxication cause more serious concerns: a person’s coordination of movements is disturbed, he “throws” from side to side, double vision and speech intelligibility is lost. In this state, the drunk is not responsible for his words and deeds. In general, the behavior of a drunk person is determined by the warehouse of his character - alcohol can cause excessive boastfulness, bravado, vulnerability, resentment, scandalousness or aggression. sobering up brings general weakness excruciating headaches, intense thirst, nausea and vomiting.

Severe degree of alcohol poisoning

When the condition of a drunk person worsens, his statements become illegible and meaningless, and he himself ceases to understand anything. A reddened face, skin hot to the touch and low pain sensitivity complete the overall picture of severe intoxication of the body. While intoxicated, a person can get serious injury and not feel it.

Severe degree of alcohol intoxication is different dire consequences: a heavily intoxicated person finds it difficult to breathe, he may experience cardiac arrest. When a portion of alcohol enters the body, which, translated into pure alcohol equals 300 - 400 g, acute alcohol poisoning occurs. This condition is extremely dangerous, its main symptoms are as follows:

convulsions;
respiratory failure;
copious saliva;
redness of the whites of the eyes.

To a person with acute intoxication alcohol is a medical emergency.

Alcoholic coma

A severe degree of alcohol poisoning can be complicated by the stage at which the intoxicated person falls into a coma. A coma is a kind of stunning of the body, which occurs when ethanol in the blood rises to 3%. The main symptom of an approaching danger is a deep fainting. In some cases, the behavior of the victim is characterized by slight motor excitation. An indicator of a deterioration in the well-being of a person who has gone through alcohol is his eyes:

There is no reaction of the pupils to light, the corneal reflex does not work (the eyelids do not close if you gently touch the cornea).
There is nystagmus (movement eyeballs pendulum principle).
Constriction of the pupils can also indicate the approach of an alcoholic coma. In some cases, the pupils either constrict or dilate. Sometimes you can observe a picture when at the same moment the pupils of the left and right eyes have a different size.

On the basis of tongue retraction, penetration of vomit into the respiratory tract, excessive secretion of saliva and sputum, the victim has breathing problems: a person breathes unevenly and intermittently, sometimes wheezing, while his face becomes bluish. Arterial pressure at alcoholic coma decreased, and the pulse is weak and thready. In this condition, involuntary excretion of urine and feces is often observed.

Substitute alcohol poisoning

Not only lead to poisoning large doses alcohol, but also low-quality alcohol or its surrogates. Alcohol surrogates are called liquids that are not intended for internal use, but often used instead of alcoholic beverages (due to lower cost). drinking medical tinctures, colognes, lotions, denatured alcohol, moonshine, home brew, "talk" and others hazardous liquids always ends badly. Symptoms of intoxication in this case will be somewhat different than with classic alcohol poisoning.

After taking a surrogate, a person practically does not get drunk, but if you know the symptoms of poisoning, you can notice them immediately:

noise in ears;
impaired vision and smell;
increased salivation;
abdominal pain.

If you do not help a person in time, he may die. Treatment for poisoning with surrogate alcohol is not carried out at home - as soon as there are suspicions of intoxication, you should immediately call ambulance. If it is possible to deliver the victim to the hospital faster than the ambulance arrives, it is worth doing just that. The sooner qualified doctors take care of the patient, the more chances he has to survive.

First aid for alcohol poisoning

Without resorting to the services of doctors, you can independently cope with lung poisoning and medium degree. There are a number of activities that will help bring the injured person to his senses: rid his body of ethanol residues and neutralize decay products.

Gastric lavage for alcohol poisoning

No medications can be taken, since many drugs in combination with alcohol create an "explosive" mixture, which will only worsen the victim's condition.

Give an intoxicated person a drink of water in a volume of 300 - 500 ml. This is necessary in order to induce vomiting and thus rid the stomach of the contents. In most cases, you don’t even have to press on the root of the tongue with your fingers - vomiting opens on its own, as the body tries to expel on its own what is poisoning it. You will have to provoke vomiting until it starts to come out of the stomach. pure water.

Important! You can not forcibly pour water and induce vomiting if a person has lost consciousness. Instead, it is better to wait for the ambulance to arrive. At this time, the patient must be turned over on his side, freed from tight clothing and try to bring him out of fainting: intensively massage his ears, sprinkle with water, bring ammonia to his nose.

In the case when indomitable vomiting persists even after the absolute emptying of the stomach, the following techniques will help to cope with its urge:

hold your head under a stream of cold water or apply ice to the back of the head;
take an anti-vomiting drug (such as metoclopramide). If this does not have any effect, and the vomit is replaced by blood or bile, the victim should be taken to the hospital as soon as possible.

Restore fluid balance in the body in case of alcohol poisoning

The next step in helping with alcohol poisoning is to eliminate the lack of fluid in the body. On the basis of intoxication, the process of dehydration develops: ethanol causes a diuretic effect, and the liquid is excreted from the body with urine, as well as vomit. In particular severe cases dehydration is life threatening. Give the victim any liquid to drink. Mineral water or pure water with the addition of lemon juice is best. If a person is tormented by vomiting, pharmacy drugs will help restore the balance of moisture in the body. saline solutions such as Regidron and Hydrovit.

Such a remedy can be prepared at home: in 1 liter of water room temperature you need to dissolve 1 tsp. table salt and soda, and then add 4 tbsp. l. Sahara. The victim should take a healing solution of 2 - 3 sips every 30 minutes.

Treatment with sorbents and beneficial bacteria for alcohol poisoning

Help with alcohol poisoning at home is unthinkable without the use of sorbents. Medicines Polysorb (1 tablespoon per 0.5 tablespoon of water), Smekta (one-time 3 sachets per 1 tablespoon of water), Enterosgel (50 g per 1 tablespoon of water) will significantly improve the condition of a person suffering from alcohol intoxication. By the way, activated charcoal in case of alcohol poisoning is considered by many to be almost the only way to eliminate poor health. In fact, the sorption capabilities of the drug are not very large, but because of the reasonable price, they continue to take it “according to old memory”: 1 tablet per 10 kg of body weight, washed down with water. The drugs described above are needed to remove toxic decay products from the body and reduce diarrhea. Medicines in this group are not taken together with other medicines, so an interval of about 2 hours should be maintained.

If severe diarrhea has appeared on the basis of poisoning, it is imperative to restore the intestinal microflora. Special complexes will help to solve this issue. beneficial bacteria Acipol, Yoghurt, Lineks.

Important! Diarrhea in alcohol poisoning cannot be purposefully eliminated - this is another defensive reaction in addition to vomiting, through which the body gets rid of toxic substances.

Eliminate the pain of alcohol poisoning

A headache with alcohol poisoning of moderate severity sometimes drives you crazy. Can't bear the pain... pain syndrome needs to be blocked. Aspirin is not suitable for this purpose, because acetylsalicylic acid in combination with ethanol will not bring any benefit to the body. Then what to drink with alcohol poisoning? The best way to get rid of pain is with the help of analgesic drugs based on ibuprofen.

How not to treat alcohol poisoning

In an attempt to alleviate the condition of a person with alcohol poisoning, it is strictly prohibited:

resort to a dubious hangover method (treat a hangover with a new portion of alcohol);
accept hot bath or go to the bath;
drink "inappropriate" pills - Furosemide, Paracetamol, Analgin, sleeping pills and antiallergic drugs;
take medication to relieve diarrhea.

Folk remedies for alcohol poisoning

The people have come up with many ways to defeat a hangover and alcohol poisoning without pills:

Dilute in 1 liter of boiled water 2 tbsp. l. honey and take several sips throughout the day.
Prepare a decoction of tansy - a wonderful remedy for poisoning of any kind. Take 50 g of dried raw materials and brew it with boiling water (0.5 l), then add 20 g of chamomile flowers there. The cooled and filtered remedy should be taken with meals at the rate of 1 tbsp. l. per 10 kg of body weight.
After violent libations, ammonia solution will quickly bring to life, in everyday life - ammonia. Dissolve 10 drops in a glass of water. You need to take the medicine for 1 - 2 small sips every 30 minutes.
If you are tormented by nausea, you can save yourself with a decoction of lemon balm. 1 tsp dried and crushed raw materials pour 250 ml of boiling water, let it brew a little, and then drink healthy drink instead of tea. For taste, you can add a little honey and a slice of lemon to the product.
The fastest way to get rid of toxic toxins is to drink lemon, orange or grapefruit juice throughout the day.

The next morning after a party where there was a lot of drinking, you need to allow yourself to rest. Alcohol poisoning cannot be carried on the feet. It is best to take a cool shower, do not eat through force, drink a lot plain water. If there is a feeling of general malaise, one should go to bed and not get up until the weakness has gone. If after 10 hours the state of health does not return to normal, you need to see a doctor.

Intoxication is the process by which the body is oversaturated hazardous substances resulting in damage to internal organs. You need to be able to recognize the symptoms of alcohol poisoning in order to provide first aid and not harm the patient even more.

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How and why does alcohol intoxication occur?

Severe intoxication occurs when there is no more than 150 ml of anhydrous alcohol in the blood. Fatal outcome occurs with a concentration of 300 ml of ethanol in the blood, in terms of 96%.

The mechanism of action of alcohol:

Alcohol enters the stomach and from there it begins to be absorbed.
After the stomach, ethyl begins to act on the small intestine.
After one and a half to two hours, alcohol in the blood reaches its maximum concentration.
Small substances contained in ethanol penetrate the line that separates the brain tissue and blood vessels.
Alcohol enters the nervous system. There is intoxication.
Alcohol begins to act on all internal organs.

Symptoms of alcohol poisoning

The manifestation of alcohol poisoning in several stages:

alcohol poisoning;
strong .

The first signs of intoxication

Poisoning on initial stage manifests itself as follows:

pain in the abdomen;
nausea;
diarrhea;
dizziness;
the logic of movements is disturbed;
increased sweat, saliva and tears;
the whites of the eyes change color to red;
heavy, noisy breathing;
frequent urination or vice versa - its absence;
nervous excitement, euphoria;
pupil dilation.

Alcohol affects absolutely the entire human body. There is not a single internal organ that would not suffer from the use of alcoholic beverages.

Severe alcohol poisoning

When strong, he ceases to control his actions. The internal organs begin to work for wear and tear, and then completely stop performing their functions.

Symptoms of alcohol poisoning:

involuntary urination and defecation;
suffocation;
weak pulse;
disturbance of consciousness.

Then a person can fall into one of two phases of a coma - superficial or deep.

Symptoms of superficial coma:

loss of consciousness;
suffocation;
high salivation;
rapid heartbeat;
the movement of the eyeballs is floating;
pupils of different sizes;
protective reaction to irritants;
the whites of the eyes and the face are purple;
pain threshold is lowered.

In case of alcohol poisoning, the symptoms of a deep coma can be as follows:

convulsions;
blue skin;
low body temperature;
decrease in blood pressure;
increased heart rate;
breathing rare and weak;
loss of muscle tone;
pain sensitivity is absent;
decreased tendon reflexes.

About why you should not abuse alcohol is described in the video. Filmed by the Brain Time channel.

What affects the severity of alcohol poisoning?

The reason that affects the effect of alcohol can be one, sometimes several factors can provoke poisoning at the same time.

Conditions that may affect intoxication:

Additives and impurities in ethanol. Due to the addition of furfural, ethylene glycol and other components, the effect on the body increases.
Hunger. Consumption of alcoholic beverages on an empty stomach increases the absorption of alcohol into the blood. It is recommended to eat food containing carbohydrates before drinking.
alcohol intake and medicines simultaneously. Do not mix alcohol with sleeping pills, tranquilizers, antidepressants, painkillers.
A state of the body that reduces the functioning of the liver. This condition can include pregnancy, fatigue, overwork, diabetes and pancreatic disease, an unbalanced diet.
Age. Older people and young children are the most affected negative influence alcohol on the body. In the elderly, the function of the liver responsible for dehydration does not work well enough, and in children it is not yet formed.
Individual intolerance. Most often this occurs in Mongoloid race. This is due slow work an enzyme that is responsible for the breakdown of ethanol.
Drinking dose. The body does not have time to process the incoming alcohol. Ethanol and decay products accumulate, affecting the internal system.
The gender of a person. Women are more susceptible to the influence of ethyl on the body.
The weight. fat people less susceptible to the negative effects of alcohol than thin people.
The time it takes alcohol to enter the body.
Diseases of the internal organs.
The quality of alcohol and the strength of the drink.
genetic factors.

What to do in case of alcohol poisoning?

The very first thing to do is call an ambulance. The fatal outcome of alcohol intoxication is stated in 53% of cases.

Urgent care

If it is not possible to call a doctor immediately or help is taking too long, in such a situation you should begin to act on your own.

First aid to the victim:

Put the person on one side and fix the tongue with the handle of a spoon or fingers wrapped in a napkin. This will prevent the tongue from sinking in and provide a way for the vomit to exit.
If the person does not regain consciousness, bring a piece of cotton wool with ammonia to the nose.
When breathing stops, do indirect massage hearts and artificial respiration. 2 breaths and 30 clicks chest. Repeat the cycle until the patient begins to breathe.
Induce vomiting. You should drink two glasses of salted water (1 teaspoon of salt per glass of water). Use a drug that will provoke nausea or put pressure on the root of the tongue. It is more effective to carry out the procedure in the first hours after alcohol consumption.
Rinse the stomach. Drink as much water as possible and press on the root of the tongue. The procedure is repeated until clean vomit. As in the previous paragraph, it is worth doing this in the first hours.
Raise the patient's body temperature. Dress warmly, cover with a blanket or take to a warm room.
Restore the balance of water and minerals. drink brine or mineral water. Thanks to minerals, toxins are quickly eliminated from the body.
If poisoning occurs methyl alcohol or ethylene glycol, you should drink ethanol. Acting as an "antidote", ethyl alcohol will stop the formation of toxic elements. Take high-quality alcohol in a dosage: 200 ml of cognac, whiskey or vodka. 40-50 ml of vodka every three hours.
Take an adsorbent - a drug that absorbs types of toxins. Such a home assistant should always be in the first aid kit.

The most popular adsorbents are presented in the table.

White coal, 150 rubles. Enterosgel, 400 rubles. Activated carbon, 50 rubles. Polysorb, 400 rubles.

Treatment for alcohol poisoning

It is not worth treating intoxication at home. This can aggravate the situation, and only a doctor can prescribe solutions for injection, after examining the patient. Therapy is prescribed depending on the condition of the victim and other factors.

Treatment options:

instillation with a solution of electrolytes and sugars;
antispasmodics;
analeptics, psychostimulants;
plasma replacement drugs;
solutions that stop intoxication;
psychotropic drugs;
nootropics, hepatoprotectors;
vitamin complexes;
solutions restoring the acid-base balance;
polyionic drugs;
drugs that lower the heart rate.

What can not be done with alcohol poisoning?

You should be careful not to worsen the condition of a sick person.

With intoxication alcoholic drinks forbidden:

Take a cool shower. At drunkenness thermoregulation of the body is disturbed, the body experiences a lack of heat.
Unconsciousness is a contraindication for gastric lavage inducing vomiting.
Don't leave the person alone. Perhaps the tongue will sink and suffocation will come. Vomit may not come out, but get back into the body, the patient may choke.
Do not force the patient to rise, walk. For the body, this is unnecessary stress.
Treat with alcohol. Exception: poisoning occurred with methyl alcohol or ethylene glycol.
Lay the person on their back.

Prevention of alcohol intoxication

Before drinking it is worth observing preventive measures:

Do not drink questionable alcohol - a surrogate.
Watch for an increase in the degree if there are several drinks consumed. Not to drink different alcohol in one evening.
Eat often. Eat a heavy meal before drinking.
Do not drink alcohol-containing products while taking medication.
Do not take alcohol with gastrointestinal diseases.
When overworked, it is also better to stop drinking alcohol.
Avoid high doses.

Possible consequences

Those who like to drink have complications of chronic diseases and the emergence of new ones:

acute toxic hepatitis;
acute liver failure;
chronic pancreatitis;
Mendelssohn's syndrome is a condition in which suffocation develops in the respiratory system, due to the ingestion of gastric secretions along the way.

Video

The video, shot by the JitZdorovo channel, shows how alcohol affects the internal organs and what to do the next day after drinking alcohol.

Symptoms after alcohol poisoning occur for several reasons. We will talk about them below. It should also be noted that such unpleasant signs of intoxication are pronounced. It's hard not to notice them.

general information

Alcohol poisoning (symptoms, home treatment will be described below) occupies a leading position in our country among all household poisoning. In more than 60% of cases, this condition is fatal. Most of of these (about 95-98%) occurs even before medical care is provided.

So how to recognize the symptoms of severe alcohol poisoning and what measures to take in order to avoid tragic consequences? You will learn about this in the presented article.

What is alcohol?

Alcohol is called drinks that contain ethanol (wine or chemical colorless and volatile substance of moderate toxic activity, which is highly flammable. Ethanol can be mixed with ordinary water in any quantity. It dissolves easily in fats, and also easily penetrates through biological membranes and quickly spreads throughout the body.

Intoxication, poisoning, intoxication

Alcohol intoxication is special condition Human NS, which occurs as a result of drinking drinks containing ethanol.

There are four degrees of intoxication:

lung;
average;
heavy;
coma.

At the initial stage, such a state is manifested by an unreasonably joyful, as well as high spirits (that is, euphoria). The consciousness of the intoxicated person is preserved (small disturbances may be observed). After a while, the thinking processes slow down. In addition, the mental and physical activity of a person decreases, his consciousness is oppressed, and he becomes slow, lethargic and drowsy.

With the development of coma, they speak of severe alcohol poisoning.

As for severe intoxication, this condition is associated with the toxic effect of ethanol breakdown products on the human body.

What are the symptoms of alcohol poisoning?

Speaking about the signs of alcohol poisoning, one cannot fail to note the fact that they can manifest themselves in different ways. It depends on the amount of alcohol consumed and the quality of the drinks. In addition, the symptom of alcohol poisoning is closely related to which system or organ of a person has been subjected to toxic effects.

gastrointestinal tract

With primary organ damage digestive system the person experiences abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, and nausea. What is the reason for each of the listed symptoms of alcohol poisoning?

Pain in the abdomen occurs due to the direct damaging effect of ethanol on the mucous membrane of the small intestine and stomach.

Diarrhea occurs due to malabsorption minerals, water and fat, as well as a rapidly occurring deficiency of an enzyme that is necessary for the absorption of lactose.

Nausea is a sign of general intoxication.

As for vomiting, most often it has a central character. In other words, it is associated with the toxic effect of alcohol on the central nervous system.

CNS

When defeated nervous system a person has: mental agitation, delirium, euphoria, impaired coordination of movements, hallucinations, increased sweating, convulsions, decrease in body temperature, dilated pupils, impaired attention, thermoregulation, as well as speech and perception.

Each symptom of alcohol poisoning mentioned is associated with a metabolic disorder of nerve cells, oxygen starvation, the damaging effect of ethanol on the cells of the central nervous system and the toxic effect of intermediate products of the breakdown of alcohol (acetate, acetaldehyde,

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The first signs of alcohol poisoning from the heart are:

decrease in blood pressure;
cardiopalmus;
dizziness;
redness of the face;
general weakness;
pale skin;
malaise.

The appearance of such symptoms is explained by the fact that the patient loses a lot of fluid during diarrhea or vomiting. Also due to the increase in permeability vascular walls, the fluid from the vascular bed passes into the space between the cells. To replace the volume of blood (circulating), the human body includes the following compensatory mechanisms: constriction peripheral vessels and increased heart rate. Due to this, the blood is redistributed and saturates the more important organs.

Respiratory tract

How does alcohol poisoning affect the respiratory system? The symptoms of such a lesion are as follows:

acute respiratory failure;
noisy and rapid breathing.

These symptoms occur due to damage to the respiratory center, the development of cerebral edema and metabolic disorder. The occurrence of acute is associated with the ingress of vomit into the respiratory tract and reflex spasm of the bronchi, larynx.

renal system

With kidney damage, the patient has increased urination or, conversely, a decrease in urination (sometimes to complete absence).

Such conditions are due to the fact that by reducing secretion (of the hypothalamus, which retains water in the body), ethanol increases the process of urination. In addition, alcohol contributes to the removal of calcium, potassium, magnesium from the human body, disrupting their absorption in the intestine. Thus, there is a deficiency of these elements.

In severe cases, ethanol damages the structure of the kidneys.

Liver damage

Symptoms of alcoholic liver poisoning are also pronounced. They include severe pain in the right hypochondrium, as well as yellowing of the skin and sclera. Such signs arise due to the damaging effect of ethanol on liver cells and intracellular metabolic disorders.

Acute alcohol poisoning: symptoms

In severe poisoning, the patient may fall into a coma. At the same time, he loses consciousness, and also does not respond to any external stimuli (for example, loud sounds, patting on the cheeks, tingling, etc.).

The concentration of alcohol in the systemic circulation, equal to 3 g / l and above, causes a coma. Currently, its two phases are distinguished: superficial and deep. Consider their symptoms in more detail.

superficial coma.

This condition is characterized by: loss of consciousness, floating movements of the eyeballs, decreased pain sensitivity, excessive salivation, pupils of different sizes (constricted - dilated), reaction to irritation with protective movements or changes in facial expressions, palpitations, redness of the skin and the membranes of the eyes, shortness of breath.

deep coma.

Symptoms of poisoning alcohol surrogate very often accompanied by a loss of pain sensitivity, a decrease in body temperature, the absence of tendon reflexes, convulsions, loss muscle tone, a decrease in blood pressure, pallor or cyanosis of the skin, a decrease in the depth and frequency of breathing, a pronounced increase in heart rate.

The severity of alcohol intoxication

Symptoms of alcohol poisoning may be mild or severe. What does it depend on? We will give the answer to the question posed right now.

The amount drunk. When large doses of ethanol enter the human body, especially at one time, the liver does not have time to process it. Thus, the products of incomplete alcohol decay accumulate in the blood, after which they damage such vital organs as the brain, liver, kidneys, heart, and others.
Age. Children and the elderly are the most sensitive to the effects of alcohol. This is due to the fact that adolescents have not yet formed all the necessary neutralization mechanisms, and in the elderly they no longer perform their function in the required quality.
Individual intolerance. Personal intolerance to ethanol and, as a result, fast development intoxication is especially common in This is due to the fact that they have reduced activity of a special enzyme, which is necessary for the complete breakdown of alcohol.
Pregnancy, malnutrition, overwork, diseases of the pancreas, liver and diabetes. Such conditions reduce the work and neutralizing function of the main cleansing organ (liver).
Combination of alcohol and drugs. Toxic influence alcohol increases several times with simultaneous reception with drugs such as tranquilizers, sleeping pills, antidepressants, NSAIDs and others.
additives and impurities. The toxic effect of alcohol increases due to such additives and impurities as methyl alcohol, aldehydes, higher alcohols, ethylene glycol, furfural and others.
Ethanol consumption on an empty stomach. When alcohol is taken on an empty stomach, it is absorbed into the blood in half the dose, which can lead to severe poisoning.

What to do with intoxication?

Now you know why alcohol poisoning occurs. The symptoms and treatment of this condition are presented in this article.

If you notice that your friend has become ill after drinking alcohol, you should immediately call an ambulance. This is due to the following points:

heavy pathological condition caused by alcohol intoxication, quite often leads to death.
Only experienced doctor able to assess the condition of the victim and prescribe treatment.
Therapy of poisoning requires the use of a number of medications.
In most cases, the treatment of severe alcohol intoxication is carried out in the intensive care unit or intensive care unit.

First aid at home

How should alcohol poisoning be treated (symptoms and treatment of this condition are described in this article)? First, you need to call a specialist. While the doctor is on the way, it is required to provide first aid to the victim. What is it?

Ensuring patency respiratory tract. To do this, you need to remove the patient's tongue (when it retracts), and then clean the oral cavity. If possible, use a rubber bulb. With excessive salivation, the patient should be administered intravenously 1.0-0.1% atropine. These measures are necessary for an adequate supply of oxygen and to prevent blockage of the upper respiratory tract.
Give the victim the correct position (on his side) and fix his tongue (for example, press it with a finger or a spoon).
Perform artificial respiration and indirect heart massage (when breathing and heart stops). Such procedures must be carried out before the appearance of a heartbeat and breathing.
Bring the victim back to consciousness if he has lost it. To do this, it is necessary to bring cotton wool with ammonia to the nose of the patient.
Induce vomiting (only if the person is conscious). To do this, he needs to give a saline solution or special remedy, vomiting. This procedure is effective only in the first hours after the use of ethanol.

If the above methods do not help, then resort to the following:

Gastric lavage. The victim is given maximum amount water, and then press on the root of the tongue.
Warming up the patient. The person is placed in a warm bed, wrapped in a blanket.
Reception of the adsorbent. The victim is given sorbents that can absorb different kinds toxins. They accelerate the neutralization and removal of alcohol from the body.

Medicines for the treatment of alcohol poisoning

In the hospital, the victim may be prescribed the following means:

The drug "Metadoxil" intramuscularly. This is a medication that was created specifically for the treatment of alcohol poisoning. It increases the activity of enzymes that are responsible for the utilization of ethanol. Thus, the agent in question accelerates the processing and removal of alcohol. In addition, it restores liver cells and improves mental condition the victim.
Vitamins and glucose mixed in one syringe. Such a cocktail improves metabolic processes, and also accelerates the neutralization and elimination of ethanol. In addition, it reduces the risk of alcohol-related psychosis.
Droppers for water-mineral balance. They improve blood circulation through the vessels, and also help restore the necessary water and mineral balance.

It should also be noted that the symptoms of alcohol poisoning of the pancreas and liver require the use of hepatoprotectors. Such medicines improve the functioning of the mentioned organs, restore damaged cells and accelerate the neutralization of ethanol.

Often, with alcohol intoxication, doctors use the drugs "Pirozol" and "Fomepizol". These are the latest antidotes used for ethylene glycol and methyl alcohol poisoning. They reduce the activity of the liver enzyme and interrupt the formation of toxic elements.