Wed platelet volume is reduced. Pathological causes of elevated MPV and methods of treatment. What factors influence deviations from the norm

The increase in the average platelet volume at the initial stage is imperceptible, it can be detected only with the help of a blood test. But if the average platelet volume is increased, it means that there are pathologies in the body that need to be eliminated. What does it mean if the average platelet volume is elevated? The causes and symptoms of this condition will be described below.

Norms and interpretation of results

The average platelet volume is an indicator that is calculated from a detailed blood test. It is designated MPV. This indicator gives an idea of quality characteristics platelets: it allows you to determine the number of produced blood cells and their usefulness (mature or immature bodies), which part of them is subject to adhesion.

Note! The analysis is carried out in the morning on an empty stomach, in the evening it is undesirable to use fatty foods and alcohol. The study is carried out no later than two hours after blood sampling - otherwise the result will be unreliable.

Deciphering the MPV indicator:

• Graph shift in left side- old platelets predominate in the blood;
• AT right side- young.

Young blood cells are larger in size, so if there are more of them in the blood, the average volume will be increased. If old cells predominate, having a smaller size, then the average platelet volume will be reduced. The average platelet volume in the blood is 7 to 11 femtoliters.

Important! An increase in platelet volume indicates an increased production of blood cells by the bone marrow, which do not have time to be excreted from the body. As a result, the viscosity and density of the blood increases. Such a condition may be a variant of the norm (if the volume is slightly increased or is at the upper limit of the norm), or indicate the presence of diseases. To clarify the diagnosis, you need to consult a doctor.

The reasons

The average volume of platelets in the blood can be increased for physiological and pathological reasons. In the second case, this condition requires treatment. On the early stages most often it is enough to change habits and lifestyle, maintain health by methods traditional medicine. And with the progression of the disease, drug therapy will be needed.

When is an increase in mean platelet volume normal?

platelets play important role: they promote blood clotting, prevent significant blood loss, thanks to them tissue healing is faster. Therefore, in some cases, an increase in the average volume is justified and positive character, indicating correct work hematopoietic organs.

In what cases is an increase normal?

• In newborns due to the immaturity of the hematopoietic organs.
• After trauma or surgery, accompanied by a large loss of blood.
• During menstruation in women, especially when copious secretions accompanied by .
• After stimulating hematopoiesis treatment.
• After bleeding.

An increase in the volume of blood cells in these cases is due to the desire to restore blood loss, and is compensatory in nature.

When is an increase in platelet count a reason to think?

Rarely, platelets are elevated due to various diseases requiring treatment. This happens in such cases:

1. Thromocytopenia.
2. Enlargement of the spleen, hypersplenism.
3. Blood diseases in which there is an increase in myeloproliferative processes.
4. thyrotoxicosis.
5. Macrocytic dystrophy of Bernard-Soulier platelets. With this pathology, mature platelets have the wrong size and shape.
6. May-Hegglin anomaly, in which the number of platelets is reduced and the cells are defective.
7. Abuse of alcoholic beverages.

Important! A slight increase in platelets is possible in acute respiratory diseases. This is normal, after recovery everything will return to normal.

But only a doctor can judge the presence of a pathology after additional research and examination. Most often, a re-analysis is prescribed. Such A complex approach allows you to establish the cause of the increase in the volume of blood cells and make the correct diagnosis.

Symptoms

Symptoms of an increase in the average platelet volume by initial stage are practically absent, therefore, the presence of pathology can only be found out from a blood test. As the disease progresses, signs appear that indicate an increase in volume.

Note! An increased average volume and an increase in quantity are not equivalent values. Under certain conditions, the number of platelets can be reduced, in other cases it can be increased.

The symptoms are quite varied, and some are signs of other diseases:

1. hemorrhages. Occur most often in the case of a decrease in the level of platelets. Manifest causeless bruises. These bruises may be painful on palpation.
2. Bleeding. There are bleeding from the nose, ears, women may experience discharge from the genital tract, there is bleeding of the gums. Bleeding occurs spontaneously.
3. Itchy skin, which persists after the use of drugs, may also indicate an increase in the average platelet volume.
4. Soreness and numbness in the fingertips. They become sensitive, when pressed, pain is felt. This condition occurs with an increased number of platelets.
5. Change in skin color: it acquires a bluish or reddish tint, or pronounced pallor is noticeable.
6. Fatigue, drowsiness, meteorological dependence.

Other symptoms are visual impairment, arterial jumps, thrombus formation, and frequent migraines.

It is important to understand that an elevated mean platelet volume is serious pathology which cannot be left to chance. It provokes stagnation and the formation of blood clots. And this, in turn, can lead to heart attacks, thromboembolism.

Treatment

It is important to understand that a high mean platelet volume is not independent disease, but only concomitant symptom underlying pathology. Therefore, before starting treatment, you need to find out the cause of the increase.

With a slight deviation from the norm, the situation can be corrected with the help of proper nutrition. It is important to follow these principles:

• Observe the drinking regime. You need to drink at least two liters pure water per day.
• Replace animal fats with vegetable ones: preference should be given to olive and linseed oils.
• Replace fatty meats with dietary ones - rabbit, turkey.
• Eat lean fish.
• Eat foods that help thin the blood: blueberries, cranberries, tomatoes, ginger, green tea.

Hormonal contraceptives, any alcoholic drinks, diuretic drugs strict prohibition- they contribute to the thickening of the blood, and will only exacerbate the problem.

used to lower platelet levels drug treatment. Apply preparations with acetylsalicylic acid.

Important! With an increased platelet volume, self-medication is unacceptable. Be sure to consult your doctor. He will find out the cause of the pathology and prescribe appropriate medications.

To eliminate the problem, it is important not only to lower the increased platelet count, but also to influence the underlying disease that provoked it. Here are some examples:

1. thrombocytosis. The level of platelets is elevated, so all efforts are aimed at lowering it. A diet and proper drinking regimen must be observed. But it is important to understand that thrombocytosis is just the tip of the iceberg, it can be caused by another disease. The task of the doctor is to find the root cause and select proper treatment.
2. Thrombocytopenia. In this condition, the platelet count is low. For the treatment of pathology, medications are prescribed that prevent the destruction of platelets, strengthen the walls of blood vessels and have a hemostatic effect.
3. . It is not completely cured, but is corrected with the help of special diet, and in severe cases resort to insulin injections.
4. . Treatment is aimed at lowering blood cholesterol through diet and medication.

Annual preventive medical examination will help to notice the problem in time and take steps to eliminate it. An increase in mean platelet volume is a serious pathology that can lead to sad consequences, up to lethal outcome. So on time Taken measures help maintain health and save lives.

In a detailed blood test, there is an indicator of the average platelet volume. They play one of the important roles in our body.

Blood clotting directly depends on the volume of platelets, due to them a thrombus can form, and the integrity of the vessel can be restored. These are not cells, although everyone calls them that. They do not have a nucleus and are disc-shaped fragments of the cytoplasm. Mpv appear in the bone marrow and 2 parts are located in the blood and 1 part in the spleen.

The Mpv indicator is the index value of platelets, which characterizes the maturation of blood platelets that live in the bloodstream for no more than ten days. The decoding of the analysis shows its designation as mpv. Aged cells become smaller, and the size of young cells is increased.

Blood on mpv is drawn from a finger, and sometimes from a vein. You don't have to eat in the morning. In modern medicine, hematological analyzers are used to decipher data. By drawing a curved line, you can understand how platelets are distributed in size. In the presence of immature indicators, the histogram shifts to the right, and when old formations predominate in the blood, then to the left.

Average platelet count

The platelet ratio is measured in femtoliters. For different ages she is a 7.5-10 fl. Children under 3 years of age have indicators not higher than 8.9 fl. The dimensions of this analysis increase with age and amount to no more than 11 fl. for an adult.

The value of platelets in diagnosis

The overall index of platelets per unit of blood is not fully reflected in the characteristics of the analysis decoding.

Mpv shows the whole picture of the usefulness of formations. Cells "with experience" have a reduced parameter, and young ones have an enlarged shape and a skeleton without structure. What is the volume of platelets, such is the speed of movement, the ability to stick together and fill with biologically active components.

Decryption of mpv data will give the specialist complete picture occurring in the human bloodstream. This indicator is increased, then the blood has more young cells. This result is greatly increased, so there are more immature organizations in the blood. When it reduced result small formations are present in the bloodstream. But mpv is also increased or decreased if the indicators have the rate of blood disks.

At correct decoding Such an analysis reveals the following:

• agglutination of platelets occurs more intensively, therefore, thrombosis develops in the body;
• large forms of cells reflect blood loss in those people who suffer from anemia with iron deficiency;
• analysis cannot detect myeloproliferative disease.

Increased mpv level

Physiological indicators in which the level of platelets is slightly increased:

• multiple hematomas on the body;
• surgical operations;
• profusely going menstruation;
• the use of drugs in which hematopoiesis occurs;
• internal and external blood loss;
• blood loss in children.

When bleeding occurs in the body, then the level of platelets is elevated.

Diseases in which mpv analysis has increased performance:

• diabetes;
• the spleen is enlarged;
• atherosclerosis;
• myeloid leukemia;
• erythremia;
• thyrotoxicosis;
• alcoholism;
• thrombocytopenia.

Decrease in the level of platelets in the blood

When you have a decrease in platelet volume when deciphering the analysis, this indicates the following pathologies:

• myocardial infarction;
• diseases that exist at the genetic level;
• inflammatory processes;
• anemia;
• splenomegaly;
• hyperthyroidism;
• diseases of the autoimmune system;
• cirrhosis of the liver;
• oncological diseases of the blood;
• the use of certain drugs.

Pregnancy can also affect low level mpv. But when platelet counts are also low, it can lead to miscarriage or premature birth.

Medications that lower platelet counts include:

1. Analgin.
2. Reopirin.
3. Vinblastine.
4. Acetylsalicylic acid.
5. Levomycetin.
6. Biseptol.
7. Vincristine.

With an increase in the level of platelets in the blood, the risk of thrombosis increases. In this case, a heart attack, thromboembolism and stroke can occur. Those patients who are ill diabetes and hypertension are susceptible high risk. To reduce the results, drugs are prescribed that lower the viscosity and density of the blood flow in the vessels.

A decrease in the results of the analysis indicates breakthrough bleeding. They are pretty hard to stop. AT this case On the contrary, drugs are used that increase the viscosity of platelet adhesion. Vitamins, chloride, iron-containing drugs, sodium etamsylate and hemostatic sponge help stop bleeding.

If bleeding is profuse and cannot be stopped, transfusions of plasma taken from donors and platelet mass are prescribed. But when platelet antibodies are present in the body, such measures can increase bleeding even more.

Necessary Precautions

A small deviation in the average level of platelet formations can be an indicator of a common ARVI and at the same time only a cold needs to be treated. You need to immediately contact a specialist who will help you choose the right antiviral drugs and antibacterial agents that help cure the disease, and not lower the level of platelets even more.

Having been treated the right drugs, take the test again to check the effectiveness of the proposed treatment. Monitor your platelets periodically to prevent diseases such as thromboembolism and heavy bleeding. If you suffer from hypertension, diabetes mellitus or have diseases thyroid gland it is necessary to constantly do this analysis.

Blood clotting is the main process without which a person could not live. You hurt yourself, small bodies rush to the blood to help and stop it, sticking together and closing the vessel wall. A thrombus forms and subsequently the blood flow stops completely.

People themselves can determine that their platelet level is low if bruising, bleeding gums and frequent nosebleeds appear on the body periodically. The analysis will help doctors determine already more accurate diagnosis and prescribe the right treatment for you.

In the human body, inflammatory and infectious diseases, as well as problems with the bone marrow, all this will show given result. It is elevated, which means that your body also has hidden diseases.

Although there are norms for the number of platelets in cells, studies can make a significant difference. Healthy representatives of the stronger sex and women have the same indicators.

At birth in infants, the level is elevated, but after seven days it becomes the same as the results in an adult. Less data in pregnant women, perhaps the volume of blood increases, and the body cannot keep up with this formation. When the results of the analysis dramatically change the volume average norm, then this causes fear among specialists, and they prescribe an additional examination.

The production of platelets in the bone marrow is ongoing. Waste cells are recycled in the spleen and liver. When an unforeseen reason arises for which the production process goes astray, this is reflected in the results of the analyzes carried out. If the used platelets are still functioning in the blood stream, then the spleen is undergoing cell destruction too quickly, so it needs to be treated and restored to a healthy level.

Types of platelets

• young;
• mature;
• degenerative;
• old.

The analysis will not be complete unless it is determined which form predominates. The average volume is normal, but the level of any form has deviated from the required parameters, which means there is a certain pathology in the body. AT total mass they are distributed like this:

• mature have 90%;
• young contains 0.8%;
• old cells 5.6%;
• degenerative 0.2%;
• forms of irritation 2.3%.

After reading our article, you should understand that constant control over your health will help you see in time internal pathologies and, after consulting with a specialist, start the right treatment. Only take the pills prescribed by your doctor. Do not self-medicate. Love yourself, and the whole world will be at your feet, and painful old age will pass by your body.

Platelets are small non-nuclear platelets that are essential element in human body. In the event of damage or integrity blood vessels, these cells are able to eliminate bleeding by forming some blood clots. This is one of protective functions, preventing a large loss of blood in the body, which can be life-threatening.

Therefore, in modern laboratories, not only the level and quantitative composition of platelets are determined, but also their condition and the average platelet volume MPV. It is very difficult for an ordinary patient to understand what the result of the analysis means, therefore the article is dedicated to those who want to learn how to understand the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of their blood.

Norm

Like other blood indicators, platelets have limits that are considered the norm for the proper functioning of the body. So, the norm of platelets is considered to be from 200 to 400 * 10 9 / l, and the average volume of erythrocytes (MPV) can normally vary from 7.5 to 11 fL (femtoliter). The calculation of this indicator is carried out on a hardware analyzer.

It should be noted that during the day the indicator can change by 10%, and the level can also be rebuilt depending on the time of day or season. It is noticed that at night and in spring sometimes the level of platelets decreases markedly.

The average platelet volume, the norm in women during menstruation, automatically decreases by 20-50%, this is a physiological protective state, therefore special measures and does not require treatment.

During pregnancy, this indicator also undergoes some changes, as a rule, the average platelet volume mpv is below normal. However, if future mother the indicator drops to the figure 140 * 10 9 / l, it is necessary to take urgent measures, since there is a high probability of increased bleeding during childbirth.

It so happens that the deviations of the indicator from the norm are insignificant, and have physiological causes, for example:

• period after surgery or surgical intervention and loss of a certain amount of blood;
• after receiving numerous wounds, injuries and injuries;
• during the period heavy menstruation;
• in small children who have not yet fully formed the hematopoietic system;
• taking certain types of medications that stimulate the processes of hematopoiesis;
• sometimes deviations can be associated with heavy physical exertion or a long stay in highlands.

Mean platelet count is above normal

An increased mean platelet volume in some cases may be an alarm and indicate some pathological processes in the body. A person with such an indicator will have to go through several stages of examination in order to find out what is connected with this violation.

It should be understood that there is a clear inversely proportional relationship between the cellular level and their average volume: if the average volume of platelets in the blood is increased, then the number of these cells is reduced.

The following pathologies can serve as the reasons for the increased volume:

• diabetes;
• thrombocytopenia (number of platelets less than 150 * 10 9 / l, accompanied by increased bleeding and problems with stopping bleeding);
• enlargement of the spleen or hypersplenism (accumulation of red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets in the spleen);
• vascular atherosclerosis (accumulation of cholesterol, fats on the walls of blood vessels, plaque formation and narrowing of the lumen of the arteries);
• increased thyroid hormones or teriotoxicosis (occurs due to disruption of the thyroid gland);
• erythremia, myeloid leukemia and other blood diseases;
• a rare May-Hegglin anomaly (inherited, characterized by a decrease in the number of platelets and their insufficient and defective formation in the bone marrow);
• alcoholism and tobacco smoking.

The average platelet volume is increased, what does this mean? It will not be possible to independently interpret the result obtained, one increased rate may mean nothing. The specialist must necessarily analyze the rest of the blood parameters and, if necessary, send the patient to additional research and survey.

Downgraded

When wed. the platelet volume is decently reduced, this condition is characterized by poor clotting blood, the risk of extensive bleeding increases, and the healing of wounds and damage to tissues and organs worsens.

The causes of a low mean platelet volume in the blood are very diverse, ranging from genetic factor before a person has different inflammatory processes and diseases, the main ones are:

• cancer, for example malignant neoplasms and mestazy in the bone marrow;
• leukemia (leukemia);
• HIV, rubella, measles, severe influenza affect the number and volume of platelets;
• cirrhosis of the liver or diseases of the spleen (it is these two organs that are responsible for the elimination of old platelets);
• kidney failure or hemodialysis (extrarenal blood purification with a special apparatus " artificial kidney");
• violation of the thyroid gland or its abnormal functioning entails a change in the formation of platelets;
• poisoning with heavy metals or bad alcohol.

With a low mean platelet volume, patients usually complain of bleeding and bruising from even small blows, as well as poor healing wounds and abrasions. In addition, a person may often have broken capillaries on the retina and small blood vesicles on the body.

The average platelet volume is lowered in a child for the same reasons as in an adult, therefore the best option at the first suspicion, consult a doctor.

When blood cells cannot fully perform their work, this threatens a person with a deterioration in his health and well-being. Have regular blood tests and consult with a specialist.

When the average platelet volume is lowered, the blood partially loses its ability to clot. Platelets are the elements that ensure blood clotting.

With their reduced level or defective volume in the blood, a clot cannot quickly form, which is why even slight bleeding may not stop for a long time.

What does it depend on the average size platelets and is it possible to influence this parameter?

Platelets are a first aid for the body. When a microtrauma occurs in bloodstream bodies rush to the site of damage and, sticking together in a clot, clog the hole.

The average platelet volume is considered a secondary indicator, less important than the number of platelets per unit volume of blood.

Doctors began to calculate the average volume of platelets in the blood with the advent of devices that test blood.

Modern hematological testers are able to determine from 4 to 24 blood parameters without human intervention, giving the result in the form of numbers and abbreviations consisting of Latin letters.

The average volume of platelet cells in the study form is designated MPV (mean platelet volume).

In addition, analyzers can display results in the form of graphs. As the average volume decreases, the graph shifts to the left.

With a lack of platelet cells or a decrease in their activity, a person may develop hemorrhagic diathesis. A reduced number of platelets is called thrombocytopenia.

The problem may be acquired or hereditary. A decrease in the number of platelets in the blood may be associated with a lack of hematopoiesis, increased destruction of platelets, sequestration, that is, the exclusion of elements from the bloodstream and their storage in organs and tissues, and increased consumption of platelet cells.

The following causes a decrease in the average platelet volume:

• viral hepatitis;
• adenoviruses;
• chemical poisoning;
• diseases of the liver, kidneys;
• taking certain antibiotics;
• radiation;
• blood cancer, including metastases in Bone marrow;
• anemia.

Diseases that can lower MPV:

• Werlhof's disease;
• Bernard-Soulier disease;
• May-Hegglin anomaly;
• acute or chronic posthemorrhagic anemia.

Knowing the average volume of platelets allows you to detect malfunctions in the work of the hematopoietic organs.

Platelets live in the blood for 10 or more days - they are formed in the bone marrow and enter the blood in the form of structureless bodies of a large volume.

The older the platelet, the smaller its size becomes. Thus, the more reduced the size of platelets, the more old cells in the blood and fewer young ones.

Normally, the average platelet volume should be in the range from 180 to 400x10 9 /l.

In women, the level of platelets in the blood fluctuates more than in men, and depends on the phase of the cycle or on the duration of pregnancy.

During menstrual bleeding, the volume of platelet elements is almost halved. In pregnant women, the number of platelets in the blood is also reduced.

If the expectant mother's MPV falls below 140x10 9 l, then urgent measures must be taken, since in this case massive labor bleeding may occur.

Causes of a decrease in men and women

The figure of the average platelet volume is lowered - what can this mean? If there are many reasons for increasing platelet count, including such dangerous diseases like diabetes mellitus, liver cirrhosis and oncological diseases bone marrow, then there are much fewer reasons for reducing this indicator.

It was said above that the main reason for the decrease in the volume of platelet elements in women is pregnancy and menstrual bleeding. main reason decrease in volume in men - Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome.

The disease is a rare hereditary pathology associated with the X chromosome. The disease can appear only in boys.

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome is recessive, that is, it manifests itself if the mother of the child is the carrier of the chromosomal defect, and the woman herself will be outwardly healthy.

The probability of the disease in the son of such a woman is 50%. Girls in whose families boys with SVR were born need to consult a geneticist.

Clinically, the disease is manifested by increased bleeding, for example, a newborn may develop bloody diarrhea.

A number of blood parameters change:

• the average platelet size decreases;
• the number of lymphocytes decreases below the standard, which leads to weakened immunity.

Children with WOS suffer from infectious lesions respiratory tract and rarely survive into adulthood as they are at increased risk of developing leukemia and lymphoma.

What modern medicine suggests for the treatment of SVR? Reduce bleeding and raise to normal the reduced average volume of these elements helps surgical removal spleen, since platelet elements are destroyed in this organ.

Most effective treatment Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome involves a bone marrow transplant.

In men with SVR in a pronounced form, three clinical symptoms occur simultaneously:

• skin disorders, expressed in eczema, itching and skin rash;
• increased bleeding due to a decrease in the volume and number of platelets;
• immune disorders.

The average volume of platelet elements is reduced in all patients with SVR. The remaining two symptoms may not develop - in such cases they speak of mild form illness.

Impaired immunity manifests itself as anemia caused by antibodies to one's own blood cells, including platelets.

The condition when antibodies destroy the body's own platelets is called idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.

It is necessary to distinguish between the number of platelets and their average volume. A low level of platelets in the blood leads to numerous hemorrhages in the retina, under the skin, in the tissues.

A decrease in the average volume is not necessarily accompanied by hemorrhages, it indicates that the hematopoietic organs, for some reason, began to produce fewer platelet cells.

If before that the level of platelets was increased, then the decrease in the average volume does not indicate pathology, but, on the contrary, about the normalization of the condition.

Average volume normalization

Diseases are not always the cause of a decrease in the average volume of erythrocyte bodies. To provoke a decrease can take certain medicines or a course of chemotherapy.

You can change the parameters in the direction of decreasing the volume:

• Aspirin;
• Analgin;
• Biseptol;
• Levomycetin and some other medicines.

The effect of the drug on blood parameters is always indicated in the instructions for the drug.

If the analysis showed that platelets are low, then you do not need to draw independent conclusions and look for non-existent diseases in yourself.

Only a specialist, a gemologist or a therapist, should decipher a blood test. The doctor takes into account not only the average volume, but also a number of other blood parameters, since in some cases they are able to compensate for each other.

The doctor will determine whether the low volume is a symptom of the disease or a temporary phenomenon that can be explained from the point of view of physiology.

After finding the reasons for the decrease in volume, the patient is prescribed procedures or medication and gives recommendations for correcting the lifestyle.

How to raise the average volume after chemotherapy? The easiest way to do this is through transfusion - the transfusion of blood components, in particular platelet mass.

For the same purpose, drugs Derinat, Sodecor are used. An oncologist may recommend taking vitamins A and C.

Important! Cancer patients should not take vitamins without consulting a doctor.

To normalize a low mean platelet volume and eliminate negative consequences This condition is treated with the following medications:

• Prednisolone is a steroid, the main drug for eliminating hemorrhagic rashes;
• Curantil - restores immunity;
• Askorutin - contains vitamin C and vitamin P, eliminates vascular fragility and strengthens capillaries.

From folk remedies use:

• sesame oil - three times a day, one teaspoon before meals;
• tincture of Japanese Sophora - after eating, 20 - 40 drops;
• verbena officinalis - a teaspoon of dried raw materials for 20 minutes to insist in 200 ml of boiling water, drink a glass a day.

deal with reduced level ordinary nettle will help platelets - 50 grams of dried grass are infused in 300 ml of boiling water and drunk half a glass 2 times a day.

A change in any parameter in the blood, including a decrease in the average volume of platelets, is not a disease, but a symptom that speaks of problems that have arisen in any organ.

Decreased mean platelet volume - sufficient dangerous pathology, threatening the appearance of numerous bleeding, which can result in the death of the patient.

A person who monitors health should from time to time donate blood for a general analysis. If the test reveals deviations, then it is necessary (necessarily together with the doctor) to find the cause of this phenomenon.

The situation when there are elevated platelets in the blood of women can be dangerous. Platelets play an important role in maintaining blood liquid state and during blood clotting. Exceeding the norm of platelets in the blood in women leads to serious consequences and may be a sign of illness. It is especially important to control the number of platelets during pregnancy. Let's consider these situations separately.

Increase in women

Elevated levels of platelets medical language called thrombocytosis. In this condition, the blood thickens and blood clots are easily formed, so thrombocytosis is dangerous by blockage of blood vessels. Thrombocytosis is not considered any increase in the number of platelets, but only one that significantly exceeds the norm and is stable. diurnal fluctuations caused by large physical activity or low fluid intake are not considered a disease.

• inflammatory diseases (tuberculosis, ulcerative colitis, acute rheumatism, liver disease);
• acute blood loss (as a result of trauma or surgery);
• hemolytic anemia (a disease in which red blood cells are destroyed);
• diseases of the spleen or its removal (this organ “recycles” obsolete platelets);
• malignant tumors;
• the use of certain drugs;
• Iron-deficiency anemia.

A woman may suspect the occurrence of thrombocytosis by the following symptoms:

• headache, numb limbs;
• weakness appears;
• bleeding gums, nosebleeds, and streaks of blood in the stool;
• vision is impaired.

Thrombocytosis can be detected using general analysis blood. After that, the patient is referred for a consultation with a hematologist, who identifies the causes increased amount platelets in the woman's blood and prescribes treatment.

Basically, it involves taking special drugs:

• anticoagulants that reduce blood clotting (Fraksiparin, Fragmin);
• antiplatelet agents that thin the blood (Kurantil, Pantoxifylline).

In some cases, they may appoint anticancer drugs or drugs that activate the immune system. If drugs are powerless, carrying out plateletpheresis is a procedure in which a part of the patient's blood is taken, it is cleaned of "extra" platelets and poured back.

In addition to treatment and special procedures, it is important to maintain a diet that helps to thin the blood:

• drink enough water per day;
• include in the diet "natural antiplatelet agents": tomato juice, fish fat, fruits and vegetables, olive oil, onion and garlic;
• exclude foods that increase blood viscosity: bananas, pomegranates, nuts.

Also, during the treatment of thrombocytosis, it is better for women to refuse hormonal contraceptives, smoking and alcohol, because all this also makes the blood thicker.

Increase during pregnancy

During pregnancy, due to an increase in circulating blood volume, the number of platelets usually decreases. In some cases, the number increases, and then they also talk about thrombocytosis. It is not a problem to detect thrombocytosis in a pregnant woman: being observed in antenatal clinic, a woman constantly has to take a blood test, and those who fall into the risk group are assigned a consultation with a hemostasiologist and a coagulogram (an analysis that helps track the processes of blood clotting).

Elevated platelets during pregnancy are in the following cases:

• antiphospholipid syndrome ( increased output antibodies to phospholipids - substances involved in the transport of fats, fatty acids and cholesterol)
• severe toxicosis with diarrhea and vomiting (dehydration of the body and thickening of the blood occurs);
• comorbidities during pregnancy chronic inflammation infections, blood diseases, oncological diseases, iron deficiency).

The consequences of thrombocytosis during pregnancy are dangerous for both the expectant mother and the fetus. For a woman, the risks are associated with the development varicose disease veins, formation of blood clots and occlusion of blood vessels. For a fruit thick and viscous blood mothers are poor oxygen carriers and nutrients, the fetus may lag behind in development and experience oxygen starvation. thrombocytosis on early dates pregnancy can lead to miscarriage.

FROM increased level platelets during pregnancy must be fought to prevent sad consequences.

• drugs that thin the blood and reduce clotting;
• compliance drinking regime(future mothers should not limit drinking);
• maintaining a diet.

Thrombocytosis in women, including during pregnancy, necessarily requires identification of the cause and timely treatment. Self-medication and folk methods at the same time, they are not appropriate, because ignoring a trip to the doctor, you can skip serious illness, which is hidden behind an ordinary increase in the level of platelets.

Platelets, being the smallest elements of the blood (cell size is 2-4 microns), are responsible for the full work circulatory system. The viscosity of the blood and the ability to restore the integrity of blood vessels by forming a blood clot at the site of damage depend on these cells.

The physiological indicator of the absolute number of platelet cells varies within 180-400x109/l. During the day, the number of blood cells can vary by 10%. Significant decline this indicator in 80% of cases characterizes various bleeding: from nasal to more severe internal organs. The norm in women can decrease by 20-50% during menstrual bleeding.

The average size characterizes the maturity of blood cells. A normal indicator is considered to be a volume of 7-10 fl (femoliter). The platelet lives 8-12 days. Immature young cells have an increased volume, while the "old", on the contrary, decrease in size.

Blood test: MPV determination

5 ml of blood (in children they take 1-2 ml) is taken from a vein. The analysis is performed by the cytometric fluorescent method. At the same time, hematological analyzers produce a histogram - a curve showing the number of platelets different sizes. Young, mature and ending their life cells carry different functional loads, their saturation is biologically different. active substances. The predominance of the content of immature platelets shifts the histogram to the left. The shift to the right is characterized by the predominant content of old cells. Similar changes can be seen with normal rate the absolute number of platelets, which means a violation of either the formation of cells in the bone marrow, or their maturation.

Reasons for deviations

A large number of young platelet cells increases blood clotting and is fraught with the formation of blood clots. The average platelet volume is increased in the following pathological conditions:

• post-hemorrhagic anemia (compensating for blood loss, the bone marrow intensively produces young cells);
• thrombocytopenic purpura;
• hyperthyroidism;
• thalassemia (hereditary disease);
• splenectomy (removal of the spleen);
• May-Hegglin anomaly (rare);
• thrombocytodystrophy of Bernard - Soulier;
• diabetes.

The average platelet volume is below normal (the predominance of old cells) characterizes a decrease in blood coagulation, the possibility of extensive bleeding and non-healing of wounds. Thrombocytopenia (a decrease in the total number of platelets) and an underestimated indicator of the absolute volume of these cells is a sign of the following pathologies:

• splenomegaly (enlargement of the spleen in volume);
• aplastic, megaloblastic anemia;
• cirrhosis of the liver;
• oncopathology (leukemia, sarcoma, lymphoma, carcinoma, lymphogranulomatosis) and concomitant radiation and cytostatic treatment;
• Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (hereditary pathology);
• myelodysplastic syndrome.

Important: A low platelet count can be detected during pregnancy. Thrombocytopenia is usually mild, but the risk of miscarriage and premature birth rises three times.

Thrombocytopenia and its concomitant decrease in absolute cell volume may have drug etiology. Reception the following drugs inhibits platelet synthesis:

1. analgin;
2. acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin);
3. vincristine;
4. biseptol and sulfonamides;
5. chloramphenicol;
6. vinblastine;
7. reopyrin.

Symptoms, treatment

An increased mean platelet count in the blood greatly increases the chance thrombus formation leading to severe conditions up to a heart attack, stroke or thromboembolism. This is especially dangerous for patients suffering from hypertension and diabetes. At high level volume prescribe drugs that can reduce blood viscosity.

A low rate is fraught breakthrough bleeding which are often difficult to stop. Treatment of thrombocytopenia consists in the use of drugs that increase blood viscosity: intravenous sodium etamsylate, calcium chloride etc. inside iron preparations and vitamin complexes, external hemostatic sponge. In severe thrombocytopenia and profuse incessant bleeding, transfusions of platelet mass and donor plasma are prescribed. However, in the presence of antiplatelet antibodies in the blood, this measure will lead to increased bleeding.

Precautionary measures

A slight deviation in the level of the average platelet cell volume, possibly caused by a common cold, does not require treatment. However, caution should be exercised when choosing antiviral and antibacterial drugs. medications, so as not to cause further decline. Control of total platelets and their absolute volume is necessary as a confirmation of the effectiveness of the prescribed treatment of the underlying disease and in preventive purposes(prevention of the development of thromboembolism, extensive bleeding). An analysis to determine the level of the average cell volume must be periodically repeated in patients with diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and thyroid pathology.

platelets during pregnancy

Platelets are blood cells that provide blood clotting. Platelets in the blood during pregnancy play an important role. Their slight decrease or increase can be a variant of the norm, but significant deviations can threaten serious problems.

Platelets in a pregnant woman

Normally, the level of platelets in the blood is 150-400 thousand per microliter. The rate of platelets during pregnancy may differ by 10 - 20% from the norm non-pregnant woman. Deviations of a greater degree already require clarification of the cause.

Platelets in the blood are determined using the usual clinical analysis blood taken from a finger or from a vein in the morning on an empty stomach. If there are deviations, then the doctor prescribes a blood coagulogram, sometimes repeatedly, to assess the ability of the blood to clot over time.

Low platelets during pregnancy

During pregnancy, the level of platelets may decrease slightly, since during this period platelets live less and are spent in more. The volume of circulating blood in pregnant women increases, so the relative number of platelets decreases.

Decreased platelets during pregnancy (thrombocytopenia) are manifested by bleeding, easy bruising, which do not go away for a long time. Thrombocytopenia may be caused by poor nutrition pregnant, chronic bleeding, immune disorders.

A significant decrease in platelets is dangerous for the development of bleeding during childbirth. A child with thrombocytopenia (especially autoimmune thrombocytopenia) is at high risk internal bleeding. Therefore, most often the decision is made on delivery by caesarean section. However, this operation is dangerous for the woman herself, and therefore the decision to such interference accepts a consultation of doctors, taking into account all risks.

Elevated platelets during pregnancy

Hyperthrombocyemia is most often caused by blood clotting (due to dehydration due to vomiting, diarrhea, or simply not drinking enough). Less commonly, it is caused by genetic damage. Elevated platelets during pregnancy are dangerous venous and arterial thrombosis. This state is life-threatening woman. Therefore, in this case, abortion is carried out according to medical indications. Antiphospholipid Syndrome just accompanied by hyperthrombocytemia and poses a direct threat to the life of both the mother and the fetus.

In connection with the above, platelets in the blood during pregnancy are monitored several times, the last - before childbirth, in order to eliminate the risk of complications associated with blood clotting.