Associated deterioration. What is the reason for the deterioration of the patient's condition? What additional treatment should be prescribed? Phenomenal memory or mental disorder

Visual impairment during pregnancy is noticed by almost 40% of women. This is due to hormonal and physiological changes in the body, in connection with which the elasticity of all organs decreases, including eye tissues.

Vision during pregnancy deteriorates to a large extent in women who have a pathology even before pregnancy. In the event that visual acuity drops seriously, this can affect the method of delivery.

In order to prevent a serious deterioration in vision, in the first trimester you need to see an ophthalmologist. If you follow medical recommendations, then problems can be avoided.

The state of the organ of vision during a special period

How are pregnancy and vision related? When carrying a child, a large load is placed on the vessels of the body. They work to their limits to carry oxygenated blood to its destination. Intraocular pressure and corneal sensitivity increase, the retina suffers.

The retina is a layer of nervous tissue that is located at the back of the eyeball. The function of the retina is to perceive images, convert them into nerve impulses and send them to the central brain.

Due to physiological changes in the body, vision deteriorates if pathological changes occur in the retina: detachment, development of dystrophy, tissue rupture.

Women who have myopia or myopia need to be constantly monitored by an ophthalmologist. Vision correction during pregnancy can be done up to 35 weeks.

Doctors hear such complaints from pregnant women:

• sensation in the eyes of a foreign body;
• persistent redness of the eyes;
• flies flickering;
• hard to see things in the distance
• Letters blur when reading.

Sensation of a foreign body, irritation of the eyes are caused by a deterioration in the work of the lacrimal canals.

A veil before the eyes or flies appear due to vascular disorders.

A change in visual acuity occurs with spasms of the muscle that is inside the eye. It's called accommodation.

Without an ophthalmologist, these problems cannot be solved.

Conditions associated with vision during pregnancy

It is possible to save vision and pregnancy at the same time, if complaints arise, voice the doctor and do not self-medicate.

With a pronounced pathology of the organs of the eyes, an ophthalmologist may advise a caesarean section. If the doctor insists, it is not recommended to refuse. With modern methods of operations, the risk of complications is minimal, and vision problems after childbirth will not bother.

Prevention of visual impairment

Poor vision during pregnancy is not a reason to be constantly in a nervous state. Stress adversely affects the development of the fetus. If you follow the recommendations of the ophthalmologist, after childbirth, vision will be restored.

Regular examinations help not only to identify the beginning eye pathology and prevent visual impairment during pregnancy, but also the onset of pathological changes in the whole organism.

Changes in the vessels of the fundus - the first sign of preeclampsia. Timely measures taken will help to avoid physiological complications in late pregnancy.

Now, according to statistics, about 130 million people with poor eyesight live on the planet, and about 35-37 million of those who are not able to see at all. The reasons for this can be both congenital and acquired features of human health. Most often, the process of visual impairment is quite slow, gradual, and a person has time to either adapt to this, or take measures that can stop the process. But sometimes there is a sharp deterioration in vision. The reasons for this process may be different.

First signs

If the quality of vision has deteriorated sharply, then the person becomes not only unable to lead his usual way of life, but often falls into a depressive state, which can turn into panic. The thing is that each of us receives the lion's share (up to 90%) of information about the environment through the eyes. Reading, watching interesting videos and TV, surfing the Internet and even finding the right place on the street - for all this, well-seeing eyes are simply needed.

What happens when a person's vision deteriorates? The very first symptom is the inability to clearly see the surrounding objects, especially those located far away. Also, the images become blurry, a “veil” may hang before the eyes, and a cloudy look is felt. Problems begin with obtaining information visually, the inability to read, etc. The more vision deteriorates, the more difficult it becomes to navigate in space.

Attention! Sometimes visual impairment, especially sharp, may not occur due to the fact that some eye diseases have developed. Often the cause that caused this condition is some kind of pathology of organs that are not related to the eyes.

Table. Types of visual impairment.

Main reasons

Visual impairment can be different - temporary or gradual and permanent. If the character is temporary, then this factor does not pose a danger as such to health and is usually caused by ordinary overwork, excessive eye strain, and long sitting at a computer monitor. Thus, a sharp deterioration is due to the fact that there is simply a long-term effect on the eyes. Stress and lack of sleep can also dramatically worsen vision. In this case, there is nothing to worry about, just give yourself a well-deserved rest without straining your eyes.

Not always a sharp deterioration in visual function is associated with the eyes. The human body is a complex system where everything is interconnected. And if the eyes did not experience a strong impact, and the vision fell anyway, then it's time to start worrying about the general condition. For example, you can start to see poorly due to diseases such as diabetes, pituitary adenoma, Basedow's disease, etc.

Attention! If visual impairment is associated with other diseases, then it is usually accompanied by additional symptoms that you need to pay attention to. These can be headaches, skin pallor, irritability, etc.

In general, the causes can be divided into ophthalmic, that is, associated specifically with the eyes, and general, which are associated with the state of the body.

Ophthalmic factors

Among the ophthalmic problems that cause rapid and sudden deterioration of vision, we can distinguish:

• mechanical or chemical injury(such as fractures of the orbit, bruises, injections, contact with toxic substances in the eyes, burns, etc.). Among them, the most dangerous are injuries caused by piercing and cutting tools, as well as chemical liquids that have occurred due to the ingress of chemical liquids into the eye. The latter often affect not only the surface of the eyeball, but are also capable of damaging deep-lying tissues;

  

• retinal hemorrhage. Often this is due to an excessive level of physical activity, prolonged labor, etc.;
• various types of eye infections- bacterial, fungal or viral. It can be conjunctivitis,;

  

• retinal tear or detachment. In the latter case, there is first some deterioration in vision in one eye, a veil appears. In this case, only a special operation will help restore the retina;
• macular degeneration. In this case, visual impairment is observed in people over the age of 45 years. The disease affects the area of ​​the retina where the largest number of light-sensitive receptors is located. Often this is associated with beriberi;
• cataract- a common disease associated with damage to the lens. Usually observed in the elderly, congenital is extremely rare. Often it is associated with a deterioration in metabolism, injuries, etc. In a neglected form, it is treated surgically;

  

• optic neuropathy. In this case, there is no pain syndrome;
• farsightedness and nearsightedness are the two most common visual pathologies. Nearsightedness is often caused by heredity, changes in the shape of the cornea, problems with the lens, or weakness of the eye muscles. Farsightedness is caused by a small diameter of the eye and problems with the lens. It usually occurs in people aged 25-65 years.

Other factors

Other factors often mean precisely some specific diseases of the body. For example, it could be diabetes. In this case, visual impairment is called "diabetic retinopathy". This symptom occurs in 90% of diabetics, especially those with type 1 diabetes. Visual impairment in this case is associated with damage to small vessels in the retina, which ultimately remains without a good blood supply.

Attention! With diabetes, complete loss of vision is also possible, so it is important for people suffering from this disease to visit an ophthalmologist regularly.

Various diseases of the thyroid gland can also reduce the clarity of vision. For example, toxic goiter or Basedow's disease. But with it there is another sign that is considered the main one - bulging eyes.

Sometimes vision can deteriorate due to problems with the spine. This is due to the fact that vision depends on the work of not only the brain, but also the spinal cord.

Attention! Often, vision problems develop in people with addictions - addiction to alcohol, smoking, etc.

Bilateral vision loss

This process can be observed in the following cases:

• ischemic neuropathy of the optical form when the retina is affected. Often occurs due to aortic arch syndrome with a sharp change in body position;
• bilateral infarction is often accompanied by color vision failure, this symptom is usually noted in the elderly;
• neuritis retrobulbar- one of the symptoms of widespread multiple sclerosis, occurs in about 16% of cases. Usually in this case, problems arise with central vision;
• increased intracranial pressure often accompanied by amblyopia, the duration of which can vary from seconds to minutes;
• when temporal arteritis the vessels of the head, eyes are affected, because of which vision deteriorates.

What to do if vision drops

Vision can be lost very quickly if nothing is done at the first signals of its deterioration. In most cases, this is due to inattention to one's health. How to act in order to restore the functioning of the visual apparatus or stop the process of vision deterioration?

Vision correction with contact lenses

Lenses vary in how long they are worn. For example, one-day lenses from Bausch + Lomb Biotrue® ONEday (Biotra one-day) are popular. They are made of HyperGel material (HyperGel), which is similar to the structures of the eye and tear, contains a large amount of moisture - 78% and provides comfort even after 16 hours of continuous wear. This is the best option for dryness or discomfort from wearing other lenses. These lenses do not need to be looked after, a new pair is put on every day.

There are also scheduled replacement lenses - silicone hydrogel Bausch + Lomb ULTRA, using MoistureSeal® technology (MoyschSil). They combine high moisture content, good oxygen permeability and softness. Thanks to this, the lenses are not felt when worn, do not damage the eyes. Such lenses need care using special solutions - for example, ReNu MultiPlus (Renu MultiPlus), which moisturizes and cleans soft lenses, destroying viruses, bacteria and fungi, is used to store lenses. For sensitive eyes, the ReNu MPS solution (Renu MPS) with a reduced concentration of active ingredients is optimal. Despite the softness of the formula, the solution effectively removes deep and surface dirt. For long-term moisturizing of lenses, solutions with hyaluronic acid, a natural moisturizing component, have been developed. For example, the Biotrue universal solution (Biotru), which, in addition to removing contaminants, bacteria and fungi, provides 20-hour moistening of the lenses due to the presence of a hyaluronan polymer in the product.

It helps to improve the condition of the eyes and a number of relaxing exercises. They will be especially useful for those who work a lot at the computer. The simplest exercise is to close the eyes and contemplate the imaginary nature. Sometimes people visualize just pleasant moments in life or dream.

Attention! Eyes can get tired not only because of work, but also because of emotional overstrain. Therefore, returning to the past and remembering pleasant moments will be a good idea to replenish internal resources and relax.

It is also important to take care of your diet. It must be balanced and provide the body with all the nutrients it needs to work.

It is also important to have regular check-ups with an ophthalmologist. At the first sign of visual impairment, you need to consult a doctor immediately to identify the causes and prescribe the correct treatment. It may also be necessary to visit other specialists if the visual impairment is not associated with ophthalmic processes.

How to strengthen eyesight?

Step 1. Carrots are rich in vitamin A, which is necessary for the proper functioning of the eyes. Therefore, it is important to eat as many carrots as possible in different forms. It is also important to consume foods rich in iron and zinc.

Step 2 Surprisingly, action games will help strengthen your eyes. This is reported by the results of a study conducted by scientists published in 2007. The eyes seem to train when they follow the active actions taking place on the screen. So you need to change your favorite genre of games to "action".

Step 3 It is required to include several walks in the fresh air in the daily routine, and during the holidays it is imperative to get out into nature.

Step 5 You need to visit an ophthalmologist regularly to check the condition of the eyes. This will help prevent the development of any diseases and take timely measures to improve vision if necessary.

Step 6 It is important to limit the time spent at the computer or watching TV. Loads on the eyes should be strictly dosed. If this is not possible, then it is required to periodically interrupt and do exercises for the eyes.

Step 7 Sports and exercise will help strengthen the eyes. It is recommended to add at least 1-2 workouts per week to your schedule.

Step 8 Done if necessary.

Video - Causes of vision loss

Vision is a great gift that nature has given to man. And, of course, you need to protect it. Otherwise, you can lose many of the joys of life. Therefore, at the slightest sign of visual impairment, it is important to immediately take care of helping the eyes.

Beautiful and well-groomed skin is an indicator of health and age-related changes. Everything that happens to the body affects the quality of the epidermis. But even if a person is absolutely healthy, the skin needs to be given increased attention. The epidermis is restored on its own only in children - it is necessary to take care of the face from adolescence.

Especially often women think about the problem of how to improve the condition of the skin of the face. For them, cosmetic defects can cause an unstable emotional state.

What causes deterioration in the quality of the skin surface?

The state of the epidermis is influenced by external and internal factors:

• change in diet, its lack, diet depleted of useful substances;
• irrational daily routine, lack of sleep;
• working mode at the limit of possibilities;
• lack of oxygen in the body;
• bad habits: smoking, drinking alcohol;
• lack of fluid, violation of the water-salt balance;
• exacerbation of chronic diseases;
• acute painful conditions;
• stress;
• violations of metabolic processes;
• negative influence of external factors: excess ultraviolet radiation, windy weather, cold and heat;
• inactive lifestyle.

If a person leads an active lifestyle, and the face is flaky, or the pores begin to produce excess sebum, you need to see a doctor. The deterioration of the epidermis may indicate the development of internal diseases.

How to look more attractive?

How to improve the condition of the skin, if the usual care with your favorite cosmetics is not enough? Run to a beautician to do in-office procedures: laser correction, rejuvenating injections, chemical peels, and so on?

Not everyone has enough money and time for such expensive personal care. If the problem is related to a health condition, the effect of the most expensive procedures will only last for a short time.

You can make your skin healthier only with the help of a set of measures:

• First you need to determine why the appearance has deteriorated. If there are health problems, you should start with them;
• It is necessary to balance the mode of work and rest - you need to sleep at least 7-8 hours a day;
• Without fresh air, it is impossible to look or be healthy. During walks, the condition of the body and face will improve;
• A normal drinking regimen will help cleanse the body, remove toxins and toxins from it. Liquids will need to drink at least 2 liters per day. Beneficial effect on the general condition: water, green tea, unsweetened vitamin drinks, drainage cocktails. Strong tea and coffee spoil the color of the skin, adversely affect its condition. They will have to be abandoned for a while;
• A balanced diet to improve the condition of the skin and body will have a positive effect on the aesthetic appearance. If it is impossible to refuse a reduced diet - not only acne and an unhealthy appearance of the surface of the epidermis interfere with life - vitamins must be taken separately, in a special complex;
• Bad habits should be abandoned. Smokers are immediately visible by their yellowish complexion. Alcohol provokes vasodilation.

It is impossible to improve the condition of the skin of the face and body if hygiene procedures and special care are neglected.

Body care products at home

There are many treatments that can be done at home. Even dry skin needs help to recover, remove old epidermal flakes from its surface, and cleanse pores. Oily skin without appropriate measures will look unkempt.

Scrub products are selected depending on the quality of the skin: the fatter and denser it is, the rougher it is. Dense skin is cleaned with scrubs based on sea salt, coffee grounds; for tender and dry - it is rational to use flour from ground oatmeal or starch.

The elasticity of the body and face is best restored with wraps. During them, products containing vitamins and minerals are applied to the body, which improves the condition of the skin and is able to penetrate into its deeper layers. Deep penetration is facilitated by preliminary massage and the addition of dimexide to home cosmetics.

The main procedures that improve the appearance and restore skin elasticity can be as follows:

• shower or washing with alternating water temperature;
• ice or hot massage;
• masks;
• the use of cosmetics that nourish and moisturize the skin.

All these measures help prevent the appearance of early expression lines on the face.

Express Facials

You need to take care of yourself constantly and carefully. Only then will it always turn out to look at "all 100%". But how to improve the condition of the skin of the face and body when you have to go out, and the appearance leaves much to be desired?

If there are no chronic kidney diseases and dermatological diseases, the body will quickly put in order a contrast shower, after which a moisturizer should be applied to the skin.

The grid under the eyes is removed with ice cubes, which must always be kept in the freezer. Effectively removes traces of fatigue chamomile or mint ice. No ice cubes - you can use ordinary black tea bags. Brew it, wring it out and make lotions on the eyelid area.

Withering skin will be quickly refreshed by a mask made according to the following recipe. Required Ingredients:

• beaten egg white;
• kefir;
• regular potato starch.

Everything is mixed, applied to the face and décolleté along the massage lines with a brush, in several layers. Wash off with cool water after 15-20 minutes.

A gelatin mask works the same way. To make a therapeutic express remedy, a teaspoon of edible gelatin is poured with 5 tablespoons of warm water - if the skin is oily, milk or cream - if dry or normal.

As soon as the mixture swells, it must be heated in a water bath until it becomes liquid. After cooling, apply it on the face, and after 20 minutes remove it with a cotton pad.

With a course of tightening, masks are made within a month, 2-3 times a week. Gelatin masks can be made on infusions of medicinal herbs that have a beneficial effect on the skin.

Express Moisturizing Mask Recipe

Mix the pulp of half an avocado, a few drops of lemon juice and crushed mint leaves. Apply the product on the face for 20 minutes, rinse with mint infusion.

Studies by American scientists have shown that the deterioration of health in men and women aged 25-74 is associated not only with major events, but also with minor emotional experiences in everyday life.

American psychologists have found that experiencing severe stress in traffic jams can eventually cause a severe mental disorder, RIA Novosti reports with reference to the Daily Mail. To experience irritation over trifles, experts say, is just as harmful to health as excessive consumption of fast food or complete disregard for physical activity.

Studies by American scientists have shown that the deterioration of health in men and women aged 25-74 is associated not only with major events, but also idhumkz with small emotional experiences in everyday life.

"Unfortunately, most people don't take their moral worries seriously until they have to seek professional help," says Professor Charles of the University of California, Irvine.

“We are so focused on long-term goals that we do not consider it important to control our emotions. It is important not to allow minor everyday problems to poison our lives every minute. After all, minutes add up to days, and days add up to years,” adds the professor.

Experts see the solution to the problem in changing the view of the situation.

“If a person is late for work because of a traffic jam, then he can’t change anything. But since we can’t change something, we just have to take it for granted, otherwise we get a “double payment.” That is, a person already has there may be problems at work due to being late, so he is still wasting his nerves, ”explained psychotherapist Konstantin Olkhovoy.

Psychologists advise in traffic jams to think, for example, about the upcoming weekend, and perceive the crush in the subway not as a source of aggression, but as an occasion to get to know someone.

Thanks

The eye is an organ that every person uses constantly throughout his life. Many people know that it is through the body vision we receive about 80% of the information about the world around us. However, often blurred vision does not cause a lot of anxiety. It is believed that this is due to age-related changes.

Visual impairment is almost always a symptom of some disease. It can be:

• diseases of the eyes themselves: retina, lens, cornea;
• general diseases, which, for example, lead to damage to the nervous system or blood vessels of the eyeball;
• violations of the tissues surrounding the eye: eye muscles, adipose tissue that surrounds the eyeball.

• Violation of visual acuity is mainly associated with pathologies of the retina - the back of the eyeball, in which light-sensitive cells are located. Visual acuity is the ability of the eye to distinguish between two separate points at a minimum distance. This ability is expressed in conventional units. For a healthy eye, visual acuity is 1.0.
• Often visual impairment can be caused by obstructions in the path of light to the retina. With changes in the lens and cornea, there is a kind of blurring before the eyes, the appearance of various spots. If the lens of the eye is irregularly shaped, it will not correctly position the image on the retina.
• Human eyes are specially located very close to each other so that we can perceive the picture of the world as deeply as possible, in volume. But for this, the eyeballs must be precisely positioned in the sockets. If their location and axis are violated (which may be caused by disorders of the eye muscles, proliferation of fatty tissue of the eye), double vision and impaired vision are noted.
• As soon as the retina of the eye perceives light, it is immediately transformed into nerve impulses, and enters through the optic nerves to the brain. With disorders of the nervous system, vision is also impaired, and often these disorders are quite specific.

Temporary blurred vision due to fatigue

• constant overwork;
• chronic sleep deprivation;
• constant stress;
• prolonged eye strain (for example, working at a computer).

Retinal diseases

Retinal disinsertion

Symptoms of retinal detachment and visual impairment are very specific and characteristic:
1. At first, there is only a deterioration in vision in one eye. It is important to remember which eye the disorder started in and then talk about it at the doctor's appointment.
2. A characteristic sign of the disease is a veil before the eyes. At first, the patient may think that it is caused by some process on the surface of the eyeball, and unsuccessfully, for a long time, wash the eyes with water, tea, etc.
3. Periodically, a patient with retinal detachment may feel sparks and flashes before his eyes.
4. The pathological process can capture different parts of the retina and, depending on this, certain visual impairments occur. If the patient sees distorted letters and surrounding objects, then the center of the retina is most likely affected.

The diagnosis is established by an ophthalmologist after an examination. The treatment is surgical, various types of interventions are used to restore the normal state of the retina.

Macular degeneration

The reasons for the development of macular degeneration are still not entirely clear. In this direction, research is still underway, many scientists are inclined to believe that the disease is caused by a lack of important vitamins and microelements in the body.

Early signs of macular degeneration may include:

• blurred vision of objects, their fuzzy contours;
• difficulty looking at faces, letters.

Treatment of visual impairment in this disease is mainly of two types:

• use of laser therapy and photodynamic therapy;
• the use of drugs in the form of tablets or injections.

Vitreous detachment and retinal breaks

Retinal tear is the main cause of retinal detachment. That's why symptoms found in this condition are very similar to the signs of detachment. They develop gradually, at first the patient feels the presence of a kind of veil before his eyes.

Diagnosis of retinal rupture is carried out by an ophthalmologist after examination. Its treatment, as well as the treatment of detachment, is carried out mainly by surgery. Each individual patient requires an individual approach: there are no two completely identical cases of this disease. Visual impairment can also be expressed in varying degrees.

diabetic retinopathy

Diabetic retinopathy and the associated sharp deterioration in vision are caused by damage to the small vessels of the retina. Atherosclerosis develops in the capillaries of the arterial type, the venous ones expand greatly, the blood stagnates in them. Entire areas of the retina are left without adequate blood supply, their function is significantly affected.

Naturally, the main risk factor for the development of diabetic retinopathy is diabetes mellitus. In the initial stages, visual impairment is not observed, the patient is not bothered by any eye symptoms at all. But changes in the capillaries and small vessels of the retina at this time can already occur. If visual acuity decreases, or one eye completely stops seeing, this indicates that irreversible changes have developed in the organ of vision. Therefore, it is very important for all patients with diabetes to undergo timely examinations with an ophthalmologist.

People with type 1 diabetes are especially likely to develop diabetic retinopathy.

Diseases of the lens

Cataract

In most cases, cataract develops in old age, it is very rarely congenital. Researchers do not yet have a consensus on the causes of the development of the disease. For example, it is believed that clouding of the lens and blurred vision can be caused by metabolic disorders, trauma, and the action of free radicals.

Typical symptoms of a cataract:

• Decreased visual acuity, which can have varying degrees of severity, up to complete blindness in one eye.
• Visual impairment is highly dependent on where the cataract is located in the lens. If the clouding affects only the periphery, vision remains normal for a long time. If the spot is located in the center of the lens, the patient has great problems with seeing objects.
• With the development of cataracts, myopia increases. At the same time, if the patient previously had farsightedness, a paradox is noted: for some time his vision improves, and he begins to see objects that are close by better.
• The light sensitivity of the eye changes, which can also be considered as one of the signs of visual impairment. For example, the patient may note that the world around him seems to have lost its colors, has become dull. This is typical in cases where the clouding of the lens begins to grow from the peripheral part.
• If the cataract initially develops in the center of the eye, a completely opposite picture is noted. The patient begins to tolerate bright light very poorly, he sees much better at dusk or during cloudy weather, with insufficient lighting.
• If the cataract is congenital, the pupil of the child has a white color. Over time, strabismus develops, vision may be completely lost in one or both eyes.

If there is a similar age-related deterioration in vision and the indicated accompanying symptoms, this should be the reason for contacting an ophthalmologist. After examination, the doctor will establish a diagnosis and prescribe treatment. Visual impairment with cataracts in the initial stages can be treated conservatively with eye drops. However, the only radical method of treating the disease is surgery on the eyeball. The nature of the operation is selected depending on the specific situation.

Myopia

Statistics show that myopia is one of the most common pathologies in ophthalmology, and most often it affects young people. According to studies, the prevalence of myopia among schoolchildren is up to 16%. It is even more common in higher education institutions.

At the same time, myopia can lead to more serious problems and complications, up to complete loss of vision. The main symptom of myopia is quite characteristic: seeing objects at a distance is difficult, they seem blurry. In order to read a newspaper or a book, the patient must bring the text very close to the eyes.

Diagnosis of the disease is carried out at the reception of an ophthalmologist. Treatment for myopia can vary depending on the underlying cause. Glasses, laser correction, and other microsurgical interventions on the eyeball are used.

The main causes of a sharp deterioration in vision:
1. The diameter of the eyeball is too small in the anteroposterior direction, while the light rays are focused in the wrong place.
2. A decrease in the ability of the lens to change its shape, which begins at the age of 25 and lasts until the age of 65, after which there is a sharp deterioration in vision associated with the complete loss of the lens's ability to change its shape.

One way or another, all people acquire farsightedness with age. At the same time, objects viewed close up begin to "blur" and have fuzzy contours. But if a person has previously suffered from myopia, as a result of age-related farsightedness, his vision may even improve slightly.

The diagnosis of farsightedness is most often established during an examination by an ophthalmologist. In this case, the patient himself turns to the doctor, complaining of a significant deterioration in vision.

Farsightedness is corrected with contact lenses, glasses that the patient must wear at all times. Today, there are also surgical methods of treatment with the help of special lasers.

Eye injury

2. Eye burns. Most often found in industrial conditions. They can be chemical (acids and alkalis get into the eye), thermal. The degree of visual impairment immediately after injury depends on the extent of the lesion. Symptoms are typical: immediately after the injury, severe pain is felt, burning in the eyes, vision is impaired. For chemical burns, rinse eyes thoroughly with clean water. It is necessary to deliver the victim to the ophthalmological clinic as soon as possible. With such injuries, a corneal thorn is formed in the future, which further impairs vision.

3. Contusion of the eyeball- a fairly mild type of eye injury. Immediately after the injury, it is almost never possible to accurately determine the severity of the injury. This can only be done by an ophthalmologist in the clinic after the examination. Sometimes a bruise can hide a more serious injury. Therefore, with this type of injury, it is necessary to apply a bandage as soon as possible and take the victim to the hospital.

The main symptoms of a contusion of the eyeball:

• dizziness, headache and blurred vision;
• severe pain in the damaged eyeball;
• swelling around the orbit, sometimes so severe that the eyelids cannot be opened;
• bruises on the eyelids, hemorrhages in the eye.

• eyeball injury;
• straining during childbirth and intense physical exertion;
• orbital vascular diseases: high blood pressure, venous congestion, increased fragility;
• blood clotting disorder.

5. Wounded eye- damage to the eyeball with sharp cutting and piercing objects, which is perhaps one of the most dangerous types of injuries. After such damage, not only visual impairment can occur, but also its complete loss. If the eye is damaged with a sharp object, immediately drip antibiotic drops into it, apply a sterile bandage and send the victim to a doctor. An ophthalmologist performs an examination, determines the degree of damage and prescribes treatment.

6. Hemorrhage in the orbit. With this type of injury, blood accumulates in the cavity of the orbit, as a result of which the eyeball seems to protrude outwards - exophthalmos (bulging eyes) is formed. In this case, the normal arrangement of the axes of the eyeballs is disturbed. There is double vision and a general deterioration in vision. A victim with a suspected hemorrhage in the orbit should be immediately taken to an ophthalmic hospital.

Corneal diseases accompanied by visual impairment

Clouding (thorn) of the cornea

Depending on the severity, the following types of corneal opacity are distinguished:
1. Cloud- not visible to the naked eye, can only be detected by an ophthalmologist. Does not lead to significant visual impairment. With corneal cloudiness, which is referred to as cloudy, the patient feels only a small cloudy spot in the field of vision, which does not cause him any problems.
2. Spot of the cornea- a more pronounced defect in the central part of the cornea of ​​\u200b\u200bthe eye. Gives the patient problems, as it makes it difficult to see. The area of ​​vision behind the spot may be completely invisible.
3. Corneal leukoma- this is a very extensive clouding, which can cause a significant sharp deterioration in vision, or its complete loss.

Most often, patients with corneal opacities turn to ophthalmologists with complaints of visual impairment. If the thorn occupies a sufficiently large area, among the complaints there is a cosmetic defect, a deterioration in appearance. The final diagnosis is established after an ophthalmological examination.

In order to restore vision in case of clouding of the cornea, special drops with drugs can be used, surgical intervention - keratoplasty.

Keratitis

1. Bacterial infections:

• nonspecific - the usual purulent inflammation of the cornea;
• specific, for example, syphilitic or gonorrheal keratitis.

With keratitis, visual impairment is almost always noted to one degree or another. In most cases, it is temporary and disappears immediately after the disease is cured. But sometimes, after suffering keratitis, a thorn forms on the cornea, accompanied by a persistent deterioration in vision.

Other symptoms that may accompany keratitis include:

• pain, burning, itching in one or both eyes;
• redness of the conjunctiva, vasodilatation of the sclera;
• discharge from the eyes (may be liquid or purulent);
• in the morning the eyelids stick together, it is impossible to open them.

Corneal ulcer

Most often, the causes of an ulcer in the cornea are its cracks, injuries, keratitis.

It is possible to understand that a patient develops a corneal ulcer by the following symptoms:

• after an injury, or after keratitis in the eye, pain persists, but over time it does not decrease, but, on the contrary, increases;
• most often, when self-examining the eye through a mirror, the patient does not notice any defects;
• the corneal ulcer itself does not lead to a significant deterioration in vision, but in its place a tissue is always formed that resembles scar tissue, and it transmits light very poorly.

The main mechanisms that often lead to the formation of corneal ulcers are infections and inflammatory processes. Accordingly, drops with antibiotics and anti-inflammatory hormonal drugs are prescribed as the main means of treatment.

Visual impairment in endocrine diseases

pituitary adenoma

In parallel with the deterioration of vision, other symptoms of pituitary adenoma occur: high growth, coarse facial features, an increase in the size of the ears, nose and tongue.

Diagnosis of pituitary adenoma is carried out after a blood test for growth hormone, computed tomography or MRI of the brain area in which the pituitary gland is located. Treatment is usually surgical - part of the pituitary gland is removed. In this case, vision, as a rule, is completely restored.

Thyroid diseases

One of the symptoms of thyrotoxic goiter is exophthalmos, or bulging eyes. It occurs due to the fact that the fatty tissue inside the orbit grows strongly and, as it were, pushes the eyeball out. As a result, the normal arrangement and normal axes of the eyes are disturbed. There is double vision and other visual impairment. With proper treatment, bulging eyes can go away, like other symptoms of pathology. In severe cases, surgical interventions are used.

The endocrinologist is engaged in the diagnosis and treatment of this cause of visual impairment.

Strabismus

Many parents believe that such visual impairment is temporary and will soon pass. In fact, without the help of an experienced ophthalmologist, they only progress over time.

The diagnosis is established at the appointment with an ophthalmologist. Treatment is prescribed. Sometimes it may involve surgery on the muscles of the eye.