Cetirizine is a generation of antihistamine. What are antihistamines and which ones are better and more effective for children and adults? How does the body react to free histamine?

Antiallergic drugs - drugs for prevention and treatment allergic diseases occupy one of the most important segments of the pharmaceutical market. The incidence of allergies is steadily increasing. High frequency of acutely developing severe allergic reactions where the patient's life depends on timely pharmacotherapy. The number of chronic patients is also increasing, the quality and duration of life of which are determined by the level and adequacy of the therapy. The results of a survey of doctors and pharmacists show that specialists have a high need for information on the clinical pharmacology of antiallergic drugs.
Antihistamines are antiallergic agents of truly inexhaustible possibilities. The direction of research efforts to increase the affinity of these compounds for H1 receptors, on the one hand, and the expansion and enhancement of the ability to inhibit the function of target cells, on the other hand, will make it possible to productively implement the idea of ​​multifunctional antiallergic drugs that can replace glucocorticosteroids as drugs with a more successful safety profile.
Antihistamine, antiallergic, anti-inflammatory drugs of the 4th generation are modern H1 receptor blockers responsible for the development of allergic reactions in the body.

4th generation antihistamines selectively block peripheral histamine H1 receptors. Suppresses the cascade cytotoxic reactions: release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, incl. interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-13 (IL-13), RANTES type chemokines, superoxide anion production by activated polymorphonuclear neutrophils, adhesion and chemotaxis eosinophils, expression of adhesion molecules, incl. P-selectin, IgE-dependent release of histamine, PGD2 and LTC4.

Modern drug of the 4th generation:

Desloratadine-Teva| Teva (desloratadine | desloratadine) Tablets.
Anti-allergic, H1-histamine blocker IV generation.

People who experience allergies regularly buy antihistamines and know what it is.

Timely taken pills save from a debilitating cough, swelling, rash, itching and redness of the skin. The pharmaceutical industry has been releasing similar drugs for many years, and each new batch is formulated as a separate generation.

Today we will talk about antihistamines Oh latest generation and consider the most effective of them.

General concept of antihistamines

To everyone who wants to understand in depth the question of what it is - antihistamines, doctors explain that these drugs are designed to counter histamine - an allergic mediator.

When human body comes into contact with an irritant, specific substances are produced, increased activity among which is histamine. At healthy person it is located in mast cells and remains inactive. Under the influence of an allergen, histamine enters into active phase and provokes allergy symptoms.

To stop negative reactions in different time medicines were invented that could lower the amount of histamine and neutralize it bad influence per person. Thus, antihistamines are general definition all drugs that have the specified effectiveness. To date, their classification has 4 generations.

The advantages of the drugs in question are a gentle effect on the body, in particular, on cardiovascular system, rapid relief of symptoms and prolonged effect.

Review of new generation antihistamines

Antihistamines are also called H1 receptor blockers. They are quite safe for the body, but still have some contraindications. For example, during pregnancy and childhood the doctor has the right not to prescribe allergy pills if these conditions are indicated among the contraindications in their instructions.

All new generation antihistamines - list of new drugs:

• Erius.
• Ksizal.
• Bamipin.
• Cetirizine.
• Ebastine.
• Fenspiride.
• Levocetirizine.
• Fexofenadine.
• Desloratadine.

It is difficult to single out the most effective 4th generation antihistamines from this list, because some of them have appeared relatively recently and have not yet managed to prove themselves 100%. Fenoxofenadine is a popular allergy treatment option. Taking tablets containing this substance does not have a hypnotic and cardiotoxic effect on the patient.

Medications with cetirizine well remove skin manifestations of allergies. One tablet brings significant relief after 2 hours from the moment of use. The result is stored for a long time.

The drug Erius is an improved analogue of Loratadine. But its efficiency is about 2.5 times higher. Erius is suitable for children over the age of 1 who are prone to allergies. They are given the drug liquid form dosage of 2.5 ml 1 time per day. From the age of 5, the dosage of Erius is increased to 5 ml. From the age of 12, the child is given 10 ml of medication per day.

The drug Ksizal is also in high demand today. It prevents the release of inflammatory mediators. Effectiveness is determined by the reliable elimination of allergic reactions.

Feksadin (Allegra, Telfast)

The drug with fexofenadine reduces the production of histamine and completely blocks histamine receptors. Suitable for the treatment of seasonal allergies and chronic urticaria. The tool is not addictive. The body is affected for 24 hours.

Feksadin should not be taken during pregnancy, breastfeeding and children under 12 years of age.

Zodak (Cetrin, Zyrtec, Cetirizine)

Efficiency taken pill felt after 20 minutes, and after discontinuation of the drug persists for another 72 hours. Zodak and its synonyms are used for the treatment and prevention of allergies. Long-term use is allowed. The release form is not only tablets, but also syrup and drops.

In pediatrics, Zodak drops have been used since 6 months. After 1 year, syrup is prescribed. Children can take tablets from the age of 6. Dosages for each type of medication are selected individually.

Cetirizine should not be taken by pregnant women. If there is a need to treat allergies during lactation, the baby is temporarily weaned.

Xyzal (Suprastinex, Levocetirizine)

Drops and tablets Ksizal work 40 minutes after ingestion.

The drug is indicated for the treatment of urticaria, allergies, skin itching. For children, fourth-generation antihistamines for allergies called Ksizal are prescribed from the age of 2 and 6 (drops and tablets, respectively). The pediatrician calculates the dosage according to the age and weight of the child.

Xyzal is prohibited during pregnancy. But it can be taken while breastfeeding.

Suprastinex helps well with seasonal allergies, when the body reacts to the pollen of flowering plants. As the main drug, it is used in the treatment of conjunctivitis and rhinitis. allergic nature. Take Suprastinex with food.

Desloratadine (Erius, Lordestin, Desal)

Desloratadine and its synonyms have antihistamine and anti-inflammatory properties.

They heal quickly seasonal allergies and recurrent urticaria, but sometimes cause side effects such as headache and dry mouth. Desloratadine is sold in the form of tablets and syrup.

For children 2 to 6 years old, doctors prescribe syrup. Tablets are allowed to be used only from 6 years. Pregnant and lactating women Desloratadine is completely contraindicated. But with Quincke's edema and bronchospasm, a specialist can choose a gentle option for using this medication.

Antihistamines for toddlers

Newborns are not recommended to take antihistamines. But sometimes there are situations when it is impossible to do without drugs, for example, if the baby was stung by an insect. From 1 month of life, a child can be given Fenistil in drops.

Diphenhydramine, which was previously given to children in different occasions, pediatricians today prescribe only from the 7th month of life.

The most gentle option for the smallest is Suprastin. He quickly shows medicinal properties without causing slightest harm body. Also, children are prescribed Fenkarol and Tavegil. With urticaria, drug dermatosis and food allergies, it is better for a child to give Tavegil. Tablets relieve puffiness, restore skin color and work as an antipruritic agent.

Analogues of Tavegil are Donormil, Dimedrol, Bravegil and Clemastin. Their child takes in the presence of contraindications to the use of Tavegil.

From 2 to 5 years children's body gradually strengthens and can normally tolerate more strong medicines. When the skin is itchy, the names of antihistamines for this age group The patient specialist will consider the following:

Erius was mentioned above, now we will focus on Tsetrin. These tablets can be used to prevent allergies in children prone to negative reactions. With individual intolerance constituent components Cetrin is replaced by analogues - Letizen, Cetirinax, Zodak, Zetrinal. After 2 years, the child can take Astemizol.

From the age of 6, the list of antihistamines is being expanded, since drugs of different generations are suitable for such children - from 1 to 4. junior schoolchildren can drink tablets Zyrtec, Terfenadin, Clemastine, Glenset, Suprastinex, Caesera.

What Komarovsky says

The famous pediatrician E.O. Komarovsky does not advise parents to give antihistamines to young children unless absolutely necessary and medical appointments. If a pediatrician or an allergist has deemed it necessary to prescribe an antiallergic agent to a child, it can be taken for no more than 7 days.

Evgeny Olegovich also forbids combining antihistamines with antibiotics and says that it is not at all necessary to give a child antihistamine pill before vaccination or after vaccination.

Some parents, based on their own considerations, try to give their child Suprastin to drink before DTP, but Komarovsky does not see any point in this. children's doctor explains that the reaction of the body to the vaccine has nothing to do with the manifestations of allergies.

Allergic women planning to have offspring are always interested in what antihistamines can be taken during pregnancy and preferably during lactation, or is it worth enduring the inconvenience associated with hay fever, rash and swelling. Doctors say that during the gestation period, it is better for women not to take any medications, because they are potentially dangerous for the mother and fetus.

Allergic reactions are divided into immediate, developing immediately after exposure to the antigen, and delayed, manifesting itself after several days or even weeks. At immediate type allergies are most effective antihistamines. The principle of their action is based on blocking free histamine, which is released in the body in response to physical or chemical irritant. Possessing a structure similar to that of a biogenic amine, the active substance blocks histamine receptors, preventing the amine itself from acting as a mediator of allergic reactions.

There are three generations of antihistamines. Developed at different times, they differ in the selectivity of action. Each of the subsequent pharmaceutical lines is more selective, that is, the active substance of the drug binds mainly to one type of receptor. This increases the safety of drugs and reduces the risk of side effects.

The first generation was created in 1936, its representatives are Dimedrol, Diazolin, Tavegil, Suprastin, Fenkarol. They demonstrate nice results as histamine blockers: eliminate allergic manifestations in the form of a rash, swelling, itching. However, all these drugs have a short-term effect (3-4 hours), and when long-term use reduce their activity, and also give quite a lot of side effects:

• due to low selectivity, they have an undesirable effect on cell structures many organs, and therefore contraindicated in peptic ulcer, renal, hepatic and cardiovascular pathologies, glaucoma, epilepsy;
• being anticholinergics, they can cause dysfunctions of the central nervous system, headache, dizziness, drop in blood pressure;
• reduce muscle tone;
• have a hypnotic effect;
• cause an increase in body weight.

Important information!

Due to the pronounced sedative effect of first-generation antihistamines, if used, drive and perform other work that requires heightened attention or a quick reaction, you can only 12 hours after taking the medicine.

Second-generation drugs - Hexal, Clarisens, Kestin, Claritin, Clarotadin, Lomilan, Zirtek, Rupafin and others - appeared in the 80s of the last century. They act more selectively, affecting mainly histamine receptors, and therefore have fewer side effects.

The advantage is also the lack of addiction and the duration of action up to 24 hours. This allows you to take the medicine once a day and not increase the dose with prolonged use. However, due to the cardiotoxic effect, most of these drugs require constant control cardiac activity, and for patients with serious cardiovascular pathologies, antihistamines of the 2nd generation are contraindicated.

AT last years for the treatment of all types of allergies, drugs are successfully used, the active substances of which belong to the category of prodrugs, that is, they are already converted into pharmacologically active compounds in the body, as a result metabolic processes. The effectiveness of these funds is several times higher than that of their predecessors. They are also highly selective, and therefore do not produce any sedative or cardiotoxic effect, and therefore are the safest.

The list of new generation antihistamines is still relatively small, but they all have common dignity: they are allowed to be taken for diseases of the heart, gastrointestinal tract, renal and hepatic pathologies, as well as for persons whose work requires high concentration attention. Some of the drugs in this group are not contraindicated during pregnancy and childhood.

Comparative characteristics of 3rd generation drugs

Indications for the use of this category of drugs are:

• food allergy;
• seasonal and chronic allergic conjunctivitis and rhinitis;
• hives;
• exudative diathesis;
• contact and atopic dermatitis.

Drugs with the same active ingredient can be produced under different brand names (these are the so-called synonymous drugs).

Allegra

It is also produced under the names Feksadin, Fexofenadine, Telfast, Fexofast, Tigofast. The active substance is fexofenadine hydrochloride. Release form - tablets of 120 and 180 mg film coated.

The initial effect gives an hour after administration, the maximum concentration in the blood reaches after 3 hours, the half-life is about 12 hours, the duration of action is a day. A single dose is 180 mg, the course of treatment is determined individually. Because the clinical researches the effects of fexofenadine on the fetus and the children's body were not carried out; during pregnancy, children under 12 years of age and lactating women are prescribed it only in case of special need.

The cost of drugs depends on the content of the main substance and the manufacturer. For example, 10 tablets of 120 mg of Feksadin Ranbaxy (India) cost 220 rubles, the same package of Allegra from Sanofi-Aventis (France) costs 550 rubles, and 10 tablets of 180 mg of Telfast Sanofi-Aventis cost 530 rubles.

cetirizine

Other trade names: Tsetrin, Tsetrinal, Parlazin, Zodak, Amertil, Allertek, Zirtek. Cetirizine dihydrochloride serves as a substance showing activity in relation to histamine. Available in tablets containing active substance 10 mg, as well as in the form of drops, solutions and syrup.

The initial effect is observed after 1 - 1.5 hours after administration, total duration actions - up to a day, metabolites are excreted within 10-15 hours with urine. Single (and daily) dose of 10 mg. The drug is not addictive and can be used for long-term therapy. Children under 1 year of age and pregnant women are not recommended to take it.

The approximate cost of cetirizine and its analogues:

• Cetirizine, manufacturer Vertex, Russia (10 tab.) - 66 rubles;
• Tsetrin, manufacturer Dr. Reddy, India (20 tablets) - 160 rubles;
• Zodak, manufacturer Zentiva, Czech Republic (10 tab.) - 140 rubles;
• Zirtek, manufacturer YUSB Farshim, Belgium (drops in bottles of 10 ml) - 320 rubles.

Xizal

Synonyms: Suprastinex, Levocetirizine, Glentset, Zilola, Alerzin. The active substance is Levocetirizine dihydrochloride. The drug is available in tablets of 5 mg and drops, dosage form for children - syrup.

Affinity for histamine receptors this drug is several times higher than the rest of the representatives of this series, so its effect lasts for 2 days. Metabolic products are excreted by the kidneys, the half-life is 8-10 hours. The daily dose for adults and children over 6 years old is 5 mg. Contraindications to the use of levocetirizine are congenital disorders carbohydrate metabolism.

Estimated cost of drugs:

• Ksizal, manufacturer YUSB Farshim, Belgium (drops in bottles of 10 ml) - 440 rubles;
• Levocetirizine, manufacturer Teva, France (10 tab.) - 270 rubles;
• Alerzin, manufacturer Eric, Hungary (table 14) -300 rubles;
• Suprastinex, manufacturer Eric, Hungary (table 7) - 150 rubles.

Desloratadine

Other trade names: Erius, Desal, Allergostop, Fribris, Alersis, Lordestin. The bioactive substance is desloratadine. Release form: 5 mg film-coated tablets, solution containing active ingredient 5 mg/ml and syrup.

The maximum concentration in the blood is observed after 3-4 hours, the half-life is 20-30 hours, the total duration of action is 24 hours. A single dose for adults and children over 12 years old is 5 mg, the dosage for children from 2 to 12 years old is determined individually. For pregnant and lactating women, the drug is prescribed for conditions that pose a threat to life.

The cost of desloratadine and its synonyms:

• Desloratadine, manufacturer Vertex, Russia (10 tablets) - 145 rubles;
• Lordestin, Bayer, USA manufacturer Gedeon Richter, Hungary (10 tab.) - 340 rubles;
• Erius, manufacturer Bayer, USA (7 tablets) - 90 rubles.

All antiallergic drugs are prescribed by a doctor, taking into account the specifics of their action, the reasons for the development of allergies, the age and characteristics of the patient's body. When taking antihistamines, you should strictly adhere to the rules specified in the instructions.

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A rare child is not allergic to various pathogens, some already from birth react painfully to certain products, others - for cosmetics or flowering plants, but thanks to new generation drugs - antihistamines for children, you can avoid serious complications. If timely measures are taken to eliminate childhood allergies, then acute processes do not become chronically ill.

What are antihistamines

A group of modern medicines that suppress the action of histamine (a neurotransmitter) is called antihistamines. When an allergen is exposed to the body, a mediator or organic compound histamine begins to be released from cells connective tissue included in immune system. When a neurotransmitter interacts with specific receptors? often there is swelling, itching, rash and other manifestations of allergies. Antihistamines are responsible for blocking these receptors. Today there are four generations of these drugs.

Antiallergic drugs do not completely cure the disease. They do not particularly affect the cause of the allergy, but only help to cope with unpleasant symptoms. Such medicines can be prescribed to patients of any age, even one-year-old and infants. Antihistamines are prodrugs. This means that when they enter the body, they begin to be converted into active metabolites. An important property these funds are considered complete absence cardiotoxic effect.

Indications for use

When teething, before vaccination, special anti-allergic drugs can be used to neutralize a possible allergic reaction. medications. Besides, indications for the use of such funds are:

• hay fever (pollinosis);
• angioedema;
• year-round, seasonal allergic reactions (conjunctivitis, rhinitis);
• skin itching in infectious chronic diseases;
• previously observed complex manifestations allergies or symptoms of anaphylactic shock;
• atopic dermatitis, eczema, dermatosis, urticaria and other skin rashes;
• individual predisposition to allergies;
• worsening of the child's condition chronic ailments respiratory tract(laryngitis, stenosis of the larynx, allergic cough);
• a high level of eosinophils in the blood;
• insect bites;
• swelling of the nasal mucosa, oral cavity;
• acute manifestations of allergy to medicines.

Classification

Antiallergic drugs, depending on the characteristics chemical composition can be divided into groups:

• piperidine derivatives;
• alkylamines;
• alphacarboline derivatives;
• ethylenediamines;
• phenothiazine derivatives;
• piperazine derivatives;
• ethanolamines;
• quinuclidine derivatives.

Modern medicine offers great amount classifications of antiallergic drugs, but none of them is generally accepted. More wide application in clinical practice received a classification of medicines by the time of their creation or by generations, which are currently distinguished by 4: 1 - sedative, 2 generation - non-sedative, 3 and 4 - metabolites.

Generations of antihistamines

The very first anti-allergic drugs appeared in the 30s of the 20th century - these were the 1st generation drugs. Science is constantly moving forward, so over time, similar means second, 3rd and 4th generations. With the advent of each new drug, the strength and number of side effects decrease, and the duration of exposure increases. Below is a table of 4 generations of antiallergic drugs:

Antiallergic drugs for children

The choice of antihistamines should be carried out by a doctor. Self-medication will only aggravate the allergic reaction that has appeared and cause undesirable consequences. For first aid, parents often use creams. They can be smeared with a reaction to the vaccine. Other forms: drops, tablets, syrup, suspension should be used after consulting a specialist. The pediatrician will select the dosage, taking into account the severity of the allergy and the age of the baby.

Up to a year

Usually, infants pediatricians prescribe a new generation of drugs, since the second and first are capable of causing side effects: headache, drowsiness, activity suppression, respiratory depression. Doctors often do not recommend taking antihistamines for babies, but sometimes in acute situations they are simply necessary. by the most the best means for young patients are:

• Suprastin solution. It is used to treat the common cold, urticaria, acute allergic dermatitis. Well removes itching, accelerates the process of getting rid of rashes on the skin. Approved for the treatment of infants (from the age of 30 days). The children's dose is one fourth of the ampoule 2 times a day. Rarely, the medicine can cause nausea, stool disorders, dyspepsia. Suprastin is dangerous when taking more than one ampoule.
• Drops Fenistil. A popular allergy remedy for children is used to treat rubella, chickenpox. In addition, it is often drunk with contact dermatitis, sunburn, insect bites. Antihistamine drops for children Fenistil at the very beginning of treatment can cause drowsiness, but after a few days this effect disappears. The medicine has side effects: dizziness, muscle spasms, swelling of the oral mucosa. Children up to a year are prescribed once, 10 drops per day, but not more than 30.

From 2 to 5 years

When a child grows up, the range of medicines expands, although many well-known remedies are still contraindicated, for example, Suprastin and Claritin tablets, Azelastine drops. The most popular medications used from 2 to 5 years of age are:

• Drops of Tsetrin. Applicable for food allergies, for the treatment of conjunctivitis and rhinitis. The advantage of using the drug is its lasting effect. Drops must be taken only once a day. Side effects: anticholinergic effect, drowsiness, headache.
• Erius. This allergy syrup for children is one of the most popular. It belongs to the drugs of the 3rd generation. Helps to stop allergic symptoms and ease general state patient. Not addictive. Erius syrup is useful for rhinitis, hay fever, allergic conjunctivitis, urticaria. Side effects: nausea, headache, diathesis, diarrhea.

From 6 years and older

As a rule, starting from the age of 6, a specialist can prescribe 2nd generation antihistamines for children. A child at this age is already able to take a tablet form, so allergists often prescribe Suprastin tablets. At allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis use Allergodil drops. Besides, Patients over 6 years old can take:

• Tavegil. Recommended for hay fever, dermatitis, allergic insect bites. Among antiallergic drugs, Tavegil is considered the safest. Therapy for children from 6 to 12 years of age involves next move funds - half a capsule in the morning and evening. Tablets should be taken regularly before meals, preferably at the same time. With caution, they should be taken by patients with glaucoma, because. Tavegil causes a deterioration in the clarity of perception of visual images.
• Zyrtec. These non-hormonal pills have anti-inflammatory and anti-exudative effect. The advantage of using the drug is its use within the framework of combined treatment bronchial asthma. Children from 6 years old can take half a tablet 2 times a day. Side effects: itching, rash, malaise, asthenia.

Which antihistamines are best for a child

Unstable children's immunity often contributes to allergic reactions. deal with negative symptoms help modern antihistamines for children. Many pharmaceutical companies produce anti-allergic drugs in children's dosage in the form of syrup, drops, suspension. This facilitates the reception and does not cause the baby to be disgusted with the treatment. Often to fix local inflammation your doctor may prescribe an antihistamine in the form of a gel or cream. They are used externally for an allergic skin reaction to insect bites.

Usually, antihistamines for newborns are allowed to be given in the form of syrup or oral drops, and they should not use the old generation (1st) because of sedation and high toxicity. The dosage of drugs depends on the severity of the symptoms and the patient's body weight. Antiallergic drugs of the 3rd generation are recommended for children from one year old. For an older child, pills are more suitable. It is also possible to use anti-allergic local funds: nasal sprays, eye drops, gels, creams, ointments.

Tablets

The most common form of release of anti-allergic drugs are tablets. A child can take them only from the age of 3, but often at this age the baby is not yet able to swallow the medicine. Therefore, you can give tablets in crushed form, diluting them with water. Popular tablets are:

• Loratadine. second generation drug. Helps to quickly eliminate unpleasant symptoms with allergic rhinitis, reactions to pollen and flowering plants. It is used in the treatment of urticaria, bronchial asthma. Children from two years of age are recommended a single dose of 5 mg. Adolescents - 10 mg. Side effects: fever, blurred vision, chills.
• Diazolin. Helps with allergic seasonal rhinitis and cough. It can be prescribed during chickenpox, urticaria, conjunctivitis caused by pollen. Maximum daily dose Diazolin for patients aged 2 to 5 years is 150 mg. It is not recommended to drink pills for heart problems.

Drops

This form is convenient for use in young children, it is easily dosed using a special bottle. As a rule, doctors try to prescribe antihistamines in drops for newborns. by the most known means are considered:

• Zodak. The agent has antiexudative, antipruritic, antiallergic action, prevents further development diseases. The action of the drug begins within 20 minutes after ingestion and persists throughout the day. Dosage for children from one year: 2 times a day, 5 drops. Rarely, against the background of the use of drops, nausea and dry mouth occur. Caution should be taken in patients with liver disease.
• Fenkarol. The drug relieves spasms, reduces suffocation, quickly extinguishes negative manifestations allergies. Patients under three years of age are recommended to give 5 drops 2 times a day. Fenkarol is prescribed for chronic and acute hay fever, urticaria, dermatosis (psoriasis, eczema). Side effects: headache, nausea, dry mouth.

syrups

Most antihistamines for children come in tablets, but some have alternative views in the form of syrups. Most of them have age restrictions up to two years. The most popular antihistamine syrups are:

• Claritin. It has a long anti-allergic effect. The tool is suitable for removing acute symptoms, prevention of severe relapses. After ingestion, the medicine will begin to act after 30 minutes. Claritin is prescribed for seasonal or year-round rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis. Rarely, drowsiness and headache may occur while taking the medicine.
• Hismanal. The drug is prescribed for allergic skin reactions for the treatment and prevention angioedema. Doses of medication: for patients from 6 years old - 5 mg once a day, younger than this age - 2 mg per 10 kg. Rarely, the medication may cause nausea, headache, and dry mouth.

Ointments

Antiallergic children's ointments are large group medicines intended for local use. Antihistamine ointments are applied to the affected area skin manifestations allergies. The most famous are:

• Bepanten. Ointment that stimulates tissue regeneration. Used for infant care skin irritations, diaper dermatitis, to relieve dry skin. Rarely, Bepanthen long-term treatment causes itching and hives.
• Gistan. Non-hormonal antihistamine cream. It contains components such as string extract, violets, calendula. This topical medicine is used for allergic skin reactions and as a topical anti-inflammatory agent for atopic dermatitis. Contraindications: Do not use the ointment for children under one year old.

Overdose of antihistamines in children

Abuse, misuse or prolonged therapy with antiallergic drugs can lead to their overdose, which often manifests itself in the form of increased side effects. They are only temporary and disappear after the patient stops taking the medicine or is prescribed allowable dose. Usually, children with an overdose may experience:

• severe drowsiness;
• excessive stimulation of the central nervous system;
• dizziness;
• hallucinations;
• tachycardia;
• excited state;
• fever;
• convulsions;
• impaired renal function;
• dry mucous membranes;
• pupil dilation.

The price of antihistamines for children

Any antiallergic drugs and their analogues can be purchased at a pharmacy without a prescription or ordered online. Their cost depends on the manufacturer, dosage, form of release, pricing policy pharmacy and region of sale. Approximate prices for antiallergic drugs in Moscow are presented in the table:

What are antihistamines, people who suffer from different kind and character. Sometimes only timely taken antihistamines can save you from a coughing fit, terribly itchy rashes, redness and swelling. 4th generation antihistamines are the newest medicines that act almost instantly, and the effect of taking them lasts for a long time. In the article, we will talk about which drugs are usually referred to as the fourth generation and what is their peculiarity.

Modern 4th generation antihistamines

Until recently, allergy sufferers could cope with their problems using drugs from three main groups (conditionally called generations):

1. The first generation drugs are sedatives. This feature is based on the main side effect all drugs in this category.
2. Second generation - non-sedative drugs.
3. Third generation antihistamines combine best qualities the first two groups. They act on the body more actively, but do not have unpleasant sedative side effects.
4. 4th generation antihistamines - the latest tools. Medicines of this group act quickly and for a long time, effectively blocking H1 receptors and eliminating all symptoms of an allergic disease.

One of the main advantages of fourth-generation antihistamines is that their use does not harm work. of cardio-vascular system and therefore they can be considered quite safe.

The best 4th generation antihistamines

The fact is that the fourth generation of antihistamines was isolated by specialists not so long ago. Therefore, today there are not so many new anti-allergic medicines. And accordingly, it is impossible to single out the best antihistamines of the 4th generation from a small list. All remedies are good in their own way, and we will talk about each of the drugs in more detail later in the article.

Levocetirizine

One of the three antihistamines of the 4th generation, its name is popularly known as Suprastinex or Cesera. Most often, this drug is prescribed for people suffering from pollen allergies (hay fever). Levocetirizine helps with both seasonal and year-round manifestation of allergic reactions. This remedy is also excellent for conjunctivitis and allergic rhinitis. Levocetirizine should be taken either in the morning or with meals. During treatment, it is not recommended to drink alcohol.

Erius 4th generation antihistamine

He is Desloratadine. Presented in the form of tablets and syrup. Erius helps with allergic rhinitis. The syrup is suitable for children older than a year old, and from the age of twelve the baby can already be transferred to tablets.

Fexofenadine

4th generation antihistamine drug known as Telfast. It is one of the most popular antihistamines in the world. It is prescribed for almost any diagnosis.

As with any other drug, you should not prescribe antihistamine treatment yourself in any case. Only a specialist after an appropriate examination will be able to choose the most suitable method of treatment for a particular patient.

It is also important to remember that of all the 4th generation antihistamines - the list above - not a single remedy is suitable for pregnant women and nursing mothers. Most likely, the fair sex will have to deal with allergies in the safest way. folk methods(which should also be discussed with a professional).