What rubella looks like on a child's body. Signs of rubella and its treatment. Specific disease prevention

Rubella is an infectious disease that occurs with skin rashes, swollen lymph nodes (back neck, occipital) and minor signs of intoxication. Also known by ICD 10 as Germanic measles.

There are such forms of the disease:

Congenital - transmitted through the placenta, severe fetal malformations develop;
- acquired - airborne transmission, the outcome is favorable.

The disease is caused by a virus containing RNA. Source - exclusively ill with any form of rubella and a virus carrier. Infectiousness is observed 2-3 days before the onset of the first symptoms of the disease and in its first 7 days. Congenital form - patients are dangerous for a year from the moment of birth.

It affects people of all ages, but most often it is children aged 2 to 10 years. Rubella in newborns is extremely rare, as there are antibodies from the mother in their blood. The disease is characterized by high susceptibility. It is almost impossible to get rubella again, but rare cases reinfection yet fixed.

Rubella symptoms

Manifestations of rubella depend on its form.

Acquired rubella is manifested by the following symptoms:

• A rash that occurs against an unchanged background of the skin in the form of roseola or small spots, does not itch. Localization of rashes - face and limbs (extensor surfaces). On the first day of the disease, they appear almost immediately in all areas, disappear without any trace after 2-3 days.
• Moderate intoxication (body temperature rises slightly, muscle aches occur, general weakness).
• Lymph nodes are enlarged - posterior cervical, occipital, less often - parotid. They may be slightly painful on palpation.
• Catarrh of the mucous membranes of the nasopharynx (rhinitis with mucous secretions or nasal congestion) and conjunctiva are slightly expressed.
• Enanthema (mottled redness) may appear on the hard and soft palate.

Congenital rubella manifests itself depending on the period of pregnancy at which the infection occurred:

• When infected in the first 16 weeks of pregnancy, fetal death is possible as a result of malformations incompatible with life or the formation of serious developmental anomalies. The most typical is the so-called Greg triad, which is manifested by eye damage, malformations of cardio-vascular system and deafness. Developmental anomalies in the skeletal and nervous systems may also occur.
• Rubella in expectant mothers later dates(16 weeks and later) - risk congenital deformities smaller, more often these are non-rough developmental defects, inflammation. The most dangerous is meningoencephalitis.

In adults, the manifestations of rubella are the same, only they are more pronounced. Synovitis possible - more often affected small joints brushes, sometimes - wrist and ankle. This can happen from days 2 to 7 of illness. The course of synovitis is short-term and benign.

There is a type of disease measles rubella. In this case, patients experience typical signs rubella, but the rash is very similar to measles. It starts with the face, then quickly descends to the neck, upper limbs and torso. Elements of rashes are less than with measles, disappear quickly.

The course of rubella

During the course of the disease, the following periods are distinguished:

• Incubation - average duration 18-23 days.
• Prodromal - from several hours to 1-2 days. There is not always.
• The period of rashes is constantly present. Its duration is 3-4 days.
• The period of convalescence in this disease, as a rule, proceeds smoothly. Rarely, complications in the form of a lesion are possible nervous system (serous meningitis, encephalitis).

Variants of the course of rubella

The course of rubella is typical (its characteristics are described above). Many parents know what rubella looks like. But you need to take into account the presence of atypical forms, which are of two varieties:

• Erased - in this case clinical manifestations lungs, expressed weakly in the form of a reaction of the lymph nodes, a slight not abundant rash, subfebrile condition.
• Asymptomatic - in this case there are neither clinical abnormalities nor hematological. This variant is mainly detectable in rubella foci using serological method diagnostics.

Features of the course of the disease in children of the first year of life

In children of the first year of life, rubella infection is extremely rare. In the process prenatal development the fetus receives antibodies to various infectious diseases that the mother had. They last for some time after birth.

But sometimes it happens that a woman did not get rubella before pregnancy. Therefore, her child in this case has no immunity against this virus. In case of infection at this age, the disease is characterized by a fulminant course, the condition of the baby is severe. Since the blood-brain barrier is not mature until 1 year of age, there is big risk encephalitis and meningitis. When infected with rubella, all children of this age are hospitalized on an emergency basis.

The difference between a rash with rubella and other diseases

1. With allergies, the rash is heterogeneous, often accompanied by itching. The nature of the rashes with rubella is different, and they do not itch. Increase lymph nodes, intoxication, catarrhal phenomena are inherent in rubella and do not occur with allergic dermatitis.
2. Rubella and chickenpox differ in the nature of the rashes - with chicken pox they are vesicular, and in rubella they are roseolous or spotted. During chickenpox, a rash can be found on the scalp, with rubella this is not. The rash with rubella does not itch, with chicken pox it occurs severe itching. With chickenpox, the lymph nodes do not increase, which is typical for rubella. Sometimes many parents have a question whether a child with rubella can get chickenpox. The fact is that both one and the other disease are caused by a virus, but they are completely different - the causative agent of chickenpox is a DNA-containing virus, and rubella is caused by a virus that contains RNA. Therefore, if there was rubella, then you can also get chickenpox after that. There is an opinion that rubella and chickenpox are one and the same, but they are two completely different pathologies.
3. The common symptoms of rubella are rash and intoxication. The nature of the rash is different in these diseases: the rash with scarlet fever is punctate, occurs on a red background of the skin, with rubella the skin background does not change and the rash is roseolous or spotted. But with rubella, the lymph nodes increase, which is not the case with scarlet fever. Symptoms such as white dermographism, tonsillitis, crimson tongue are characteristic of scarlet fever, but do not occur with rubella.
4. Measles and rubella are common in this rash. With rubella, the rash is the first symptom, and measles begins with severe catarrhal phenomena, the rash occurs after that. The nature of the rash with these infections is different: with measles it is maculo-papular, and with rubella it is small-spotted, roseolous or roseolo-papular. Rashes with rubella appear on the 1-3rd day of illness, immediately spread throughout the body, with measles - on 3-4, on the first day it covers only the face and neck, it spreads to other parts of the body in stages. The fact that the patient has measles is indicated by a pronounced intoxication syndrome(temperature rise to 38.5-39 degrees, muscle pain, general weakness), with rubella, intoxication is moderate. With rubella, the lymph nodes are enlarged, with measles this is not. Photophobia is inherent in measles and does not occur with rubella.
5. False rubella or pink roseola. Many parents believe that this is the same as rubella. Rashes in these diseases are similar, but the causative agent of pseudorubella is the herpes virus. AT this case intoxication syndrome is maximally expressed, which is not the case with rubella. There is no enlargement of lymph nodes with false rubella.

Diagnostics

To confirm the diagnosis of rubella, use additional methods research:

• General clinical blood tests (leukopenia, lymphocytosis, normal ESR) and urine.
• Isolation of the virus from biological materials(nasopharyngeal swabs, blood, feces, urine).
• Special serological tests - the condition is determined immune system and its change throughout the disease. Antibodies to rubella virus are most often determined using RTGA. Examination for this the patient is taken from a vein twice - at the beginning of the disease for 1-3 days and again again after 7-9 days. Rubella is indicated by an increase in antibody titer by more than 4 times in the second analysis compared to the first. The presence of IgM antibodies in ELISA indicates infection. If immunoglobulin G is present, this indicates a previous illness.

What is the danger of rubella

rubella virus greatest danger presents for girls. The point is that if childhood they did not have rubella, there is a possibility of becoming infected during pregnancy, and this is a threat of a congenital form, which is manifested by abortion or fetal malformations.

For boys, the disease is less dangerous. However, it is extremely rare for them to experience this. dangerous complication like rubella panencephalitis. Cases of damage to the testicles are described.

More severe course the disease has in adolescents and adults.

Treatment for typical rubella is primarily outpatient. shown symptomatic treatment (antihistamines, vitamins, antipyretics, etc.). If meningoencephalitis occurs, the patient needs urgent hospitalization and more complex treatment in a hospital, which includes hormonal, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, detoxifying agents.

You can wash with rubella, but with it easy course. If you decide to buy a sick child, it is better to limit yourself to a shower. Taking a bath during this period is not recommended. Swimming in reservoirs is prohibited until full recovery.

Walking from the moment the rash appears is undesirable, as there is a possibility of infecting others. Therefore, during this period it is worth well ventilating the patient's housing.

Rubella prevention

Important preventive measures with rubella are the identification of cases and their isolation, accounting for contacts. A patient with rubella is isolated until the rash disappears, that is, up to 4 days of illness, in the case of a congenital form of the disease - up to 1 year.

Persons who have been in contact with the sick person are not separated, but quarantine is set for 21 days.

It is important to determine specific antibodies if a pregnant woman has been exposed to rubella. If antibodies are found in them, then this indicates that this disease was in the past, so the contact is completely safe for the unborn baby. Survey future mother carried out 2 times, the interval between studies is 7-10 days, because antibodies detected once may be the result of atypical form rubella. If there is no dynamics during the re-examination, then this indicates the absence of the rubella pathogen and no further measures are taken.

You can influence the susceptibility to rubella with the help of immunoprophylaxis. Vaccination against this infection is carried out with a live vaccine at 1 year, as well as subsequent revaccination at 6 years old and girls at 15 years old. Vaccination is carried out complex vaccine from rubella, mumps and measles (MMR) or monovaccine. Of course, it is better to be vaccinated with a complex vaccine, since compared to a single-component vaccine, it practically does not cause any reactions.

Women who have not had rubella should be vaccinated against rubella after childbirth. Expectant mothers are not vaccinated because of the risk to the fetus. If immunization has been carried out, conception should be avoided for three months.

Acquired rubella usually has easy current and is not difficult to deal with. The danger is the congenital form of the disease, but with timely immunization, the risk of infection during pregnancy can be reduced to a minimum.

Rubella is an acute viral disease that most commonly occurs in children between one and seven years of age. The disease is called rubella because of the bright red spots that appear on the patient's body.

Rubella also has other names: the third disease, rubella, german measles, measles rubella. These are all names for the same disease.

The virus spreads by airborne droplets. Children become infected with rubella quite easily, especially if they attend kindergartens and public places. The disease usually proceeds without complications, quite easily. The only exceptions are pregnant women who get rubella for the first time.

After a child has been ill with rubella, he develops a strong immunity to this disease. There is a rubella vaccine that reduces the risk of the disease. The vaccine is given to the child at the age of one and at seven years. It is important to understand that having a vaccine does not guarantee that a child will not get sick. However, if a vaccinated child gets sick, the disease will pass very easily.

The diagnosis should be made by a doctor, therefore, first of all, if you suspect some kind of viral disease, you should consult a doctor. An experienced doctor in most cases, just looking at the rash, can make a diagnosis. If not, the doctor will prescribe tests that will confirm the presence of a particular virus. Usually look for the presence of antibodies in the patient's blood using enzyme immunoassay.

However, all parents need to know about the symptoms of such a common childhood illness in order to be prepared for the disease.

As the name suggests, the main characteristic symptom are reddish rashes on the face and body. The appearance of spots is due to the fact that subcutaneous capillaries increase due to exposure to the virus.

In addition to spots, the patient's lymph nodes still greatly increase in size. This is because the rubella virus accumulates in the lymph nodes. Enlarged lymph nodes (especially on the back of the head) just make it possible to diagnose rubella. This is the sign that allows you to dismiss other viral diseases.

The disease does not appear immediately, the incubation period (the time from the moment of infection until the onset of symptoms) is from 10 to 25 days. The sick person is contagious to others one day before the onset of the rash and for seven days after the onset of the rash.

In general, it is believed that it is better to have rubella in childhood, especially for girls (due to complications during pregnancy when infected with rubella). In childhood, this disease is easy, without complications. Usually does not require special treatment.

So, the main symptoms of rubella:

• low temperature (not higher than 38 degrees);
• sore throat, pharyngitis;
• headache, weakness;
• inflammation of the eyes - conjunctivitis;
• catarrhal phenomena, runny nose;
• swollen lymph nodes;
• pink rash on the face and body.

As you can see, the symptoms of rubella are not much different from others. viral diseases, of which there are many. Distinctive features It is rubella that is an increased size of the lymph nodes and a characteristic rash. According to them, the disease can be diagnosed.

Children under one year of age usually rarely get rubella, because they receive immunity from mother's milk and little contact with people. But if such a baby gets sick with this disease, it can endure it very hard, with complications. The temperature can be high, the symptoms of intoxication are stronger (with diarrhea and vomiting). Such babies must be observed by a doctor to avoid serious complications.

Video - Rubella in children: virus, transmission routes, incubation period, carriage and immunity

There are other diseases that are accompanied by a rash, so it is important to know how the rash with rubella despairs from other skin rashes.

As a rule, a rubella rash appears two weeks after infection, and lasts up to a maximum of 5 days, depending on the state of the patient's immunity. Usually even less and passes in two or three days.

Rubella rash is quite characteristic.

The main features of rubella rash

Rubella rash versus other viruses

There are quite a few childhood diseases that are accompanied by a rash of all shades of red. Sometimes, especially if the child is vaccinated, it is quite difficult to determine what kind of disease it is by the nature of the rash. There is a blurred course of the disease.

Table. Features of rashes in accordance with the disease.

Measles and rubella are often confused. A lubricated course of measles may be mistaken for rubella, and a severe course of rubella may well pass for measles.

It is hard to confuse scarlet fever with measles and rubella, because scarlet fever affects the throat, but if you do not pay attention to the throat, then you can make a wrong diagnosis here.

You can tell measles from rubella by how quickly the rash spreads. With rubella, this happens from an hour to a day. With measles, the rash takes longer to spread, about two to three days. In addition, the measles rash can merge, forming large red elements. With rubella, such a picture is not observed. Rubella rash does not leave marks on the skin. The measles rash will first turn pale, may peel off, and sometimes dark spots remain after it for a long time.

Roseola is also often confused with rubella, although this is rather odd. And the nature of the disease in these two diseases is different, and the rashes have nothing in common, and the symptoms are not similar. In particular, the rash with roseola is in the form of papules (tubercles), and the body temperature reaches high values, a runny nose with a cough usually does not bother a sick person with roseola.

In any case, if your child or you yourself get sick with any viral infection, it is best to see a doctor for a proper diagnosis.

Rubella in children is a common acute infection, characterized skin rash and enlarged lymph nodes.

Mostly sick children aged two to nine years who have not been vaccinated against measles. It is also an ailment, but in childhood it is easier to tolerate. Rubella is especially dangerous during the first three months of childbearing. This may cause birth defects in the development of the child, rare cases- death of the fetus inside the mother.

The source of infection can be any infected person with severe or latent form of rubella. It is transmitted, like many others. viral infections, by airborne droplets. You can also become infected through contact with infected person. He can become a carrier of infection without realizing it. After all, a rash on the body appears only seven days after infection, and the patient is considered a carrier of the infection, even the next seven days after the rash appears on the body.

Today you will learn what to do with rubella in children: consider the symptoms and treatment, as well as photos initial stage, do not forget to mention about the measures to prevent this disease.

Pathogenesis

The virus is transmitted by airborne droplets. Penetrating into the body through the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract, the virus primarily multiplies in the lymph nodes, from where else in incubation period(1 week after infection) enters the bloodstream.

A rash develops after 2 weeks. 7-9 days before the rash appears, the virus can be detected in the discharge of the nasopharynx and in the blood, when a rash appears, in the urine and feces. 1 week after the discovery of the rash, the virus disappears from the blood.

Rubella symptoms in children

In the case of rubella, symptoms in children begin to appear after 10-20 days from the moment of infection - this is the incubation period. Already a week before the rash, lymphadenitis of the cervical and occipital lymph nodes appears, which are painful on palpation.

Chief and persistent symptom rubella - the appearance of a rash, first on the face and upper body, the next day - on the buttocks. The elements of the rash exceed 3-5 mm in diameter, do not tend to merge.

It happens that the rash is almost invisible at first glance, especially if it is not on the face. Most of the rash is in the lower back, buttocks, arms and legs. In this case, the child does not feel itching and discomfort. On average, the rash lasts 3 days, then disappears without a trace.

Rubella in children may be accompanied by the following symptoms:

• a slight increase in temperature (maximum up to 38 degrees);
• increased degree of fatigue;
• loss of appetite;
• and heads;
• headache;
• capriciousness of the child at the beginning of the disease.

In some cases, the disease can proceed without the appearance of a rash (erased form). In this case, it is rather difficult to put accurate diagnosis the child and only a blood test for the presence of antibodies helps. All over given period the child is contagious. Even if the child does not have rashes, he is still contagious to others.

Internal organs with such a disease as rubella are not affected, there are, however, exceptional cases, when at high fever there is a slight tachycardia, and muffled heart sounds are heard.

What rubella looks like: photo

Suggest for viewing detailed photos to make it clearer what the rash looks like with this disease.

Rubella in children under one year old

As a rule, rubella infants does not occur because they have acquired immunity received from the mother. The exception is children with congenital rubella. If the mother has been ill with it during pregnancy, the virus can be in the baby's body for up to two years.

The difference between rubella and measles and scarlet fever

If the child has suffered this disease, then the second time she is unlikely to get sick. The only exceptions are children with immunodeficiencies, who generally have problems with immunity.

Rubella prevention

In general, the prevention of rubella in children is divided into active and passive measures.

Patients with severe symptoms isolate until complete recovery, but not less than 5 days from the onset of the disease. The first case with symptoms of rubella in children's institution it is recommended to isolate up to 10 days from the onset of the rash. In some cases (if there are pregnant women in the family, the team), it is advisable to extend the period of separation to 3 weeks. The impact on the mechanism of rubella transmission during treatment consists in airing and wet cleaning of the room, ward where the patient is located.

Contact children under the age of 10 who have not had rubella are not allowed to be sent to closed-type children's institutions (sanatoriums, orphanages, etc.) within 21 days from the moment of separation from the patient.

Specific prophylaxis rubella in developed countries is produced using routine vaccination live associated vaccine against measles, mumps and rubella. In addition, there are monovaccines. Vaccination is performed twice, the first time at the age of 12-16 months, then revaccination at 6 years. In addition, girls are often revaccinated in the future. adolescence and young women.

Forecast

In the vast majority of cases, the prognosis is favorable, the disease ends with a complete recovery without any consequences. The prognosis worsens in the case of the development of rubella encephalitis.

Rubella is of particular importance in obstetric practice. Maternal transmission of infection can be extremely adverse effects for the fetus. The variety of possible fetal malformations (congenital, deafness, heart defects, microcephaly, etc.) with rubella pregnant women is the wider, the earlier infection occurred.

Rash skin manifestation difficult in that sometimes they can lead to defeat internal organs. Many diseases are provoked not by the external environment and contact with a sick person, but internal factors. One of complex ailments is rubella in children. A photo, manifestations and features are presented in the material under consideration. The fact is that the situation is aggravated by complicated symptoms and the likelihood of late diagnosis, so efforts will need to be made to properly improve the situation.

Rubella symptoms in children with a photo

The disease is manifested by a characteristic rash against the background of moderate intoxication. Concomitant for the disease are some reactions. Classification according to the forms of the disease is extensive and is accompanied by a difference in symptoms. The disease may have complications of a neurological nature. Among children, the disease is widespread, rises are fixed for 3-5 years. Seasonal fluctuations are most characteristic of rubella, especially often manifested in the cold season. Epidemic outbreaks occur in children's groups.

The susceptibility to the disease is high. Most often, children 1-7 years old are affected. The smallest inhabitants of the planet have ready-made immunity up to six months, so they are rare. The source of education is the sick person himself. People around the patient can become infected at the time when symptoms appear.

Simple carriers of the virus who do not get sick can also be contagious. The congenital form involves the release of the virus within a few years after the birth of the baby.

The disease is transmitted by airborne droplets and through contact-household way. The disease is transmitted to the fetus from the mother by the vertical method, here we are talking about the congenital nature of the disease. The virus multiplies and then spreads along with the bloodstream. Frozen virus properties can persist for several years.

Phenomenon pathogenesis

The virus of the disease generates numerous phenomena in the form of damage to the vascular formations in the brain, as well as neuronal disorders that are considered as secondary elements in relation to vascular lesions. When the mother transfers the disease at the initial stage of pregnancy, defects can develop in the fetus after the moment of birth. The work and development of the heart, eyes, ears is disrupted. congenital rubella has wide range manifestations affecting most systems and organs.

The reproduction of the viral element in children is formed in the region of the lymph nodes, but after a week these elements enter the bloodstream. formed after a week or two weeks. Rubella virus can be detected in secretions from the nasopharynx a few days before the rash. After the rash appears on skin, the virus itself disappears, and its action stops.

Symptoms of the disease in children

The incubation period for infection starts from 10 days, maximum duration this time - up to 25 days. as the most meaningful signs disease appears, this manifests itself external factor and in the area upper body, on the buttocks (usually these are small formations).

In addition to the main characteristic symptom of the disease, several additional phenomena can be distinguished.

• Raise body temperature up to an average of 38 degrees;
• a noticeable increase in the region of the occipital lymph nodes;
• inflammatory process on the mucous membranes of the mouth;
• the formation of a runny nose and a dry type of cough;
• general malaise in the body;
• the occurrence of severe headaches;
• increased lacrimation;
• hyperemia in the pharynx and rear wall throats.

Rubella in children, photo which are presented in the article, manifests itself through general lethargy and malaise.

If the children are older, there may be complaints to parents about pain in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bmuscles, joints, rashes initially manifest themselves in the face, but then start, spreading over the limbs, trunk, scalp.

The question also arises, rubella itches or not? The answer is negative.

Characteristics of the rash with rubella

It is patchy, papular, and pink in color. Under the manifestation of this feature, the color characteristics of the skin remain unchanged. In the case of rubella, it is small, merging of its individual elements is excluded. In rare situations, patients with doctors fix larger formations round shape. In children, these manifestations are not abundant, sometimes they can manifest themselves only in a small amount. Complete disappearance is observed after a few days without traces.

What rubella looks like in children photo initial stage

Rubella in children, photo which are presented in the article, is serious illness. Initially, the replacement factors are very weak and can be confused with other dermatitis.

But over time, there is a noticeable aggravation of the situation, during which general state health is changing. In order not to be mistaken in the diagnosis of the disease, parents should be aware of the methods and rules for detecting this disease.

With a competent approach, you can achieve an improvement in overall health in a short time period.

Rubella vaccination as tolerated at 1 year old, reaction

Features of the manifestation of rubella in children of one year of age are not known to all mothers and fathers, and this acts as the most common cause confusion and mistreatment. At first, in one-year-old children, the disease is similar to diathesis and others. skin diseases because the symptoms are not pronounced. But main duty parents is to track the dynamics of the rash in terms of quantity, size characteristics and appearance. Therefore, it is important to diagnose on time and take preventive measures in the direction of complications designed to affect the internal organs.

Assess the general condition of the patient one year old baby possible through several factors.

• The infection manifests itself at 1 year of age if the vaccine has not been given.
• The risk of morbidity is especially often manifested in winter and spring.
• If infected persons are identified among the contacts of the baby.
• Unstable faces are children between 1 and 4 years of age.
• If there is a risk of congenital infection.

Rubella in children, photo which are presented in the material, suggests several diagnostic difficulties, which is associated with infection in the incubation period, which lasts up to 21 days. Already from the second day of the defeat by a sick person, an active entry of the viral strain into the environment occurs. Reaction to a vaccination given in one year old, is in a state similar to light action infections. Side effects may be observed in the form of an increase in body temperature and general malaise, parents are required to pay maximum attention to the health of the child.

Rubella vaccination as tolerated at 6 years old, reaction

The manifestations of the consequences of vaccination in children 6 years old are the same as in one year old babies- fever and rash. The physician prescribing the vaccine must be aware of the individual features the body of a six-year-old child, so that there are no complications and side effects.

Rubella vaccine, when and how many times

Vaccines are given mainly to children. This is due to the existence of once upon a time when a striking disease is in third place in terms of frequency of occurrence among children. But since the invention of the vaccine, the situation has taken a different turn. There are several factors that indicate the need for a vaccine.

1. The duration of the incubation time is 24 days, during this time the isolation of the virus can occur, and the danger to the environment is obvious.
2. The risk of infection increases significantly in children's team, and this provokes a danger to other smallest inhabitants of the planet.
3. If a child becomes ill with rubella, the situation with the symptoms of this phenomenon is aggravated, since there are many complications and consequences.
4. In the absence of vaccinations up to 6 years, there is Great chance complications of a progressive nature, accompanied by a fatal outcome.

Vaccination Schedule

Up to 12 months, the baby is not vaccinated, even if among his entourage someone has had an illness. Another reason for the lack of a vaccine in this period is the ineffectiveness of the composition and, moreover, its harm to human health. Traditionally, according to the schedule, the introduction of the vaccine is carried out twice - a year and at 6 years. For the first time, if there are no contraindications, the vaccine consists of three components - it is carried out against rubella, measles, mumps. In principle, after one year, vaccinations can be carried out at any age category baby. Repeated revaccination is recommended for children, especially for girls at the age of 12 and up to 14 years.

Rubella prevention in young children

Observance of cleanliness and lack of neglect of the rules of personal hygiene guarantees a certain percentage in the prevention of the disease. In addition, it is worth monitoring the absence of children with carriers of the infection and with infected peers in the team.

To develop immunity against the disease, vaccination is carried out.

• In children at the age of one year (cases of the disease after vaccination are likely to be reduced to zero);
• in women before planning pregnancy in order to avoid infection of the child.

Rubella treatment in children

The first factors in the diagnosis of the disease are manifested on the basis of the anamnesis in a certain locality. On examination, the doctor should detect rashes. In their absence diagnostic procedures carried out laboratory method, for this it is taken for delivery deoxygenated blood. On the basis of the obtained materials, a serological study is carried out.

Treatment activities are usually carried out on an outpatient basis, parents have a special 21-day sheet until the baby stops excreting the virus and he can attend preschool. To start medical process you need to prepare a ventilated room, as well as to carry out complete isolation from other children with the appointment of a full-fledged bed rest. To eliminate the disease, in order to overcome and, as well as in other parts of the body, a complex of medications is prescribed.

• Askorutin 500 mg three times a day for the prevention of intravascular coagulation syndrome.
• Antispasmodics and anti-inflammatory formulations to eliminate muscle pain and taking temperature ( trialgin and others).
• Antibiotics are not used because they do not work. They can only be used in case of complications in pneumonia, tonsillitis.
• The remedy is effective Wobenzym, which affects the overall increase in immunity, is applied three times a day, 1 pc. in two weeks.
• If there are noticeable rashes on the skin, it is effective to use suprastin, claritin, diazolin, tavegil. Dosing should correspond to the weight and age indicators baby.

Since we are talking about childhood illness, the fact how to eliminate , is not considered. Rubella in children, photo which can be considered in the article, is easily treatable if the symptoms and characteristics identified in a timely manner.

Treatment of rubella folk remedies

Folk techniques can be excellent elements complex therapy with various manifestations of the disease. There are a few effective methods, designed to overcome are discussed in the article), as well as to eliminate other phenomena.

• ½ cup soda dissolves through warm water until a special gruel is found in consistency. It is she who is applied to itchy skin areas for 10 minutes by wetting cotton pads or napkins in it. The procedure is repeated 2-3 times a day.
• If you need to strengthen the immune system, you must use rose hips and black currant. A handful of the mixture is placed in a thermos, ½ liter of boiling water is used for pouring. Three hours later, the ingestion of half a glass starts as tea.
• Berries are combined in the ratio: 1 part cranberries, 3 beats wild rose and a similar amount nettle leaves . A handful of this mixture is placed in a thermos and filled with water in the amount of ½ liter, it should be boiling water. The mixture should be infused overnight and taken in ½ cup.

Proper use of ingredients therapeutic effect guarantees excellent opportunities for a quick recovery.

Have you experienced disease rubella in children? A photo were the symptoms similar? Leave your opinion or feedback for everyone on the forum!

With rubella, the symptoms are characteristic: it is very important when diagnosing the disease not to confuse it with other ailments accompanied by similar symptoms.

Rubella: causes and pathogenesis

Rubella is an acute viral infectious disease. As a rule, girls and boys aged from 1 to 9 years are ill with them. However, older people can become infected - the disease is diagnosed in adolescents and even adults. Under the age of 12 months, children get rubella extremely rarely: in this case we are talking usually about which the child became infected while still in the womb.

Rubella is a contagious disease. The virus is usually transmitted by airborne droplets. The source of infection is a carrier of the virus or an already sick person. The contagious period begins 2 days before the onset of the first symptoms. This means that already 2 days before obvious signs sickness, the child poses a threat to others, although the parents do not even know about it and continue to take him to Kindergarten or school. And at the same time, he is already a carrier of infection and can infect surrounding children. That is why rubella epidemics start so easily in kindergartens. The contagious period lasts for another 1 week - this is exactly the duration of the disease.

It is very important that parents take a responsible attitude to the health of not only their own child, but also the children who go with him to the same group or class. Responsible parents will definitely endure the necessary period of quarantine and will allow an ill child to other children only when the danger of infecting them has passed.

Young children usually tolerate the disease easily, unlike adolescent children. The older the sick person, the more severely he suffers the disease and the greater the risk of complications with rubella, therefore, in adulthood the more important it is to follow the recommendations of the doctor.

How rubella manifests itself

With rubella, the symptoms that accompany this ailment are divided into characteristic (present in any case) and possible (observed in some cases and are not mandatory). Doctors distinguish such typical signs of the disease:

• headache;
• eye redness;
• a rash on the skin that looks like flat pink spots.

These signs allow you to recognize the onset of the development of the disease.

Optional symptoms include:

• swollen lymph nodes in the neck, behind the ears;
• arthralgia (usually in adults).

The first signs of rubella in children and adults are the same - this is the appearance of a roseolous or roseolous-papular rash. In the first days, the rash is localized on the skin of the face, and then spreads throughout the body and limbs. On the arms and legs, the rash mostly affects the skin in the area of ​​the knees, elbows and other joints, while the general background of the skin does not change.

The rash stays on the skin for 2-3 days, after which it goes away on its own. But this is not an indicator that the child is healthy and not contagious.

Against the background of a rash, body temperature may slightly increase and there may be a slight catarrhal symptoms, hyperemia soft palate in the form of spots.

These symptoms of rubella indicate the normal course of the disease.

You need to be very careful on the 4th day of the course of the disease - it is from this moment and during the week that serious complications with rubella, for example, meningitis, etc. At the first atypical signs, an urgent need to call a doctor.

Complications of rubella

In most cases, children easily tolerate the disease, but sometimes it can be real threat health and even the life of the patient. What are the complications of rubella? The most serious of them are the following:

1. Damage to the central nervous system. Signs: paresis, paralysis. If you do not give the child medical care he might die.
2. Pneumonia. Symptoms: respiratory failure, cough, shortness of breath, fever, pain in the sternum, enlarged lymph nodes.
3. Tonsillitis. The virus sometimes infects the tissues of the tonsils, which in turn can be complicated by tonsillitis. Symptoms: redness and sore throat, high fever. A purulent process may begin.
4. Arthritis. If the disease began in a teenager or adult, the joints may be affected. Symptoms: swelling of the joint, hyperemia of the skin in the area of ​​the affected joint, decreased motor function the affected joint.
5. Inflammatory process in the middle ear. Against the background of rubella, inflammation can begin, which is accompanied by hearing loss, severe pain in the ear high temperature.

Regardless of the complication, it is always accompanied by the main symptom of rubella - a rash that looks like pink flat spots. This allows you to determine the root cause of the disease and prescribe adequate treatment.

Life-threatening complications

Sometimes rubella disease gives complications, in connection with which it is required urgent hospitalization child. These include:

1. Encephalitis. Highly rare complication, which is accompanied by a high temperature, a sharp deterioration in well-being, confusion, and in an extremely serious condition and convulsions. Great risk of death.
2. Serous meningitis, or inflammation of the meninges. Symptoms: headache, vomiting, chills. A very serious condition requiring immediate hospitalization of the patient.
3. thrombocytopenic purpura. A very rare complication. main feature- bleeding. The child has bruises, spots on the body, with the slightest cuts for a long time there is blood, hemorrhages appear in the skin, mucous membranes. Most Hard case- hemorrhage in the brain, which is very life-threatening.

At the first atypical signs, you need to urgently call a doctor, otherwise it may cost the child his life.

Implications for men's health

Another possible consequence — male infertility, that's why parents of boys are so afraid this disease. However, very great importance is the age at which the child was ill. If infection occurred before 5 years of age, there is no cause for concern. If a teenager or a young person has been ill, then there is a risk of developing infertility. It is also important how easy the disease was: if it did not cause complications, then the risk of infertility is reduced; if the disease provoked orchitis, that is, inflammation of the testicles, then the risk of infertility becomes higher.

The degree of severity of the course of the orchitis itself, and the timeliness of contacting a doctor, also play a role. If the inflammatory process is brought under control in time, this gives the boy every chance to have children in the future, when he becomes a man.

The onset of orchitis can be recognized by characteristic features:

• pain in the testicle, which is aggravated by walking;
• painful sensations "give" to the lower back, inguinal zone, perineum;
• swelling and redness of the affected testicle;
• temperature rise.

At the first signs or complaints, you should call a doctor.

The disease is very dangerous for pregnant women. But we are not talking about the future mother herself, but about the fetus. For the health of a pregnant woman, infection does not pose a threat, which cannot be said about the unborn child. Evil Influence virus on the fetus is so high that women are advised to have an abortion medical indication. What are the main consequences of maternal infection during pregnancy? These include:

1. Frozen pregnancy. Often, the unborn baby dies before it is born.
2. Development of congenital anomalies. They are caused by the congenital rubella virus with which the baby is born.

If a child is infected in utero, then clinical picture in this case, it differs significantly from that which is inherent in the usual infection by airborne droplets. So, if a woman falls ill in the 2nd or 3rd month of pregnancy, embryogenesis is disturbed, as a result of which the fetus dies or a miscarriage occurs. If a woman falls ill in the 3rd or 4th week of pregnancy, the result will be physical abnormalities congenital (in 60% of cases), on the 10th - 12th week - in 15% and on the 13th - 16th week - in 7% of cases.

The following periods are especially important:

• 3rd to 11th week - high risk damage to the nervous system;
• from the 4th to the 7th week - a high risk of damage to the organs of vision and heart;
• from the 7th to the 12th week - a high risk of damage to the hearing organs.

In newborn babies who were infected with the virus in utero, the following abnormalities are diagnosed:

• diabetes;
• thyroiditis, that is, the pathology of the activity of the thyroid gland;
• heart defects;
• visual impairment (cataract, blindness);
• hearing impairment (deafness);
• disorders of the vestibular apparatus;
• disorders of the nervous system;
• violation of muscle tone;
• behavioral responses: increased drowsiness or, conversely, hyperactivity, excitability;
• violations of motor functions;
• hyperkinesis;
• convulsions;
• paralysis.

Such deviations are observed already in the first months of a child's life. Often connected with age mental disorders, decreased intelligence. That is why it is so important for a woman to pay attention to methods of preventing infection even at the stage of pregnancy planning, because during the period of bearing a child, vaccination cannot be carried out. However, only it is the most reliable way to protect yourself from the disease.

Diagnosis and treatment of rubella

To diagnose the disease, a classic virological method is used - seeding on embryonic tissues, which is taken from nasal mucus.

Rubella diagnosis is carried out with the aim of making an accurate diagnosis, since there is a high risk of confusing rubella with diseases such as measles, scarlet fever, enterovirus infection, allergic skin reaction, secondary syphilis.

As such special treatment disease does not exist. With a mild course of the disease, the patient is not hospitalized, all treatment is carried out at home. Shown:

1. Bed rest. It must be observed within 3-4 days.
2. Symptomatic drugs. They are prescribed if the patient has any complications or manifestations atypical for the disease. The purpose of such funds is strictly individual.

For most children, this treatment is sufficient. The child is kept in quarantine for 5-7 days after the first rash appears. After that, he can return to kindergarten or school, since the child no longer poses a threat to other children.

If the disease has given complications, it is urgent to call a doctor and hospitalize the child.

Preventive actions

In medicine, there are 3 areas in which preventive measures are being taken:

• children of the age group from 1 year to 6 years;
• adolescent girls aged 13 and over;
• women of reproductive age planning a pregnancy.

The combined vaccine is the most widely used. It is aimed at preventing measles, rubella and mumps. This triple vaccine has a number of advantages:

In almost all people vaccinated in this way, immunity against the virus is activated after 15-20 days and lasts for 20 years.

A small number of vaccinated people may develop side effects 5-15 days after vaccination:

• temperature rise;
• conjunctivitis;
• runny nose (like rhinitis);
• cough;
• skin rash.

With rubella vaccination, symptoms of this kind can last for several days. Allergic reactions are extremely rare.

However, not all people can be vaccinated. With various immunodeficiency conditions, leukemia, lymphomas and other oncological diseases, allergic reactions for aminoglycosides and egg white and do not vaccinate during pregnancy.