Allochol or hofitol. Dosage and duration of the treatment process. Wide spectrum of action. Hofitol - an effective anti-aging drug

The gallbladder and liver are directly related to each other. The liver acts as an organ that produces bile. BUT gallbladder is a kind of reservoir where bile is stored for some time. Then, through the bile ducts, it enters the intestines, due to which the digestion of food is carried out. But what if the gallbladder is removed?

Process after gallbladder removal

Some patients undergo surgery. Cholecystectomy means the removal of the gallbladder. After that, all the functions of the body are transferred to the liver and bile ducts.

But where does the bile go when the gallbladder is removed? After surgery, bile directly from the liver enters the intestine directly through the hepatic or common biliary tract. Because of this, bile becomes less concentrated. Therefore, doctors with a removed gallbladder are advised to eat small portions and several times a day. Through this process, the bile will act as digestive juice.

If the patient does not follow this rule, bile stagnation will occur, as a result of which stones will form in the liver or ducts.

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After surgery, patients complain of pain in the liver. Why is this phenomenon observed? The thing is that the elimination of an organ leads to great stress for the whole organism. This body performs many functions, and in its absence, the liver is disrupted after removal of the gallbladder.

Diet after gallbladder removal

In the absence of a gallbladder, the patient must observe strict diet. In the first four months after the operation, nutrition should be sparing. Any food should be boiled and ground through a sieve, grater or blender.

Gradually, the diet can be expanded if the patient does not experience side effects. Food should be complete and contain proteins and carbohydrates. They are found in meat, fish, bread, cereals, fruits and vegetables.

Do not forget that the body needs vitamins and minerals. Therefore, the doctor can prescribe pharmaceutical products.

In order for the liver to continue to function normally and secrete bile, you need to limit your fat intake. This includes pork, lamb, lard. It pays to be careful with butter. It can be consumed for breakfast with a piece of bread.

To prevent bile from thickening, you need to drink plenty of fluids. You can use not only ordinary water, but also mineral water. Doctors also advise drinking fruit drinks from berries, compotes from dried fruits, fresh juices from vegetables and fruits. Every day, the body should receive about two liters of fluid.

Maintaining the Liver with Medications

After cholecystectomy, it is necessary to maintain the liver for its normal functioning. If you do not deal with health and do not follow the recommendations of the doctor, then the patient will experience pain.

If there is no gallbladder, but was present inflammatory process, then in without fail antibiotics are prescribed.

To restore liver cells and maintain its function, you need to take hepatoprotective drugs. Almost all of them have natural composition, so they rarely call side effects and they have no contraindications. These funds include Ovesol, Hofitol, Essentiale Forte.

If you experience pain in the liver, you can resort to the use of antispasmodic drugs. They relieve spasm smooth muscle while expanding the hepatic and bile ducts. These funds include No-shpu, Drotaverin, Spazmalgon.

To improve the function of the pancreas in the production of enzymes, Mezim, Festal or Creon are prescribed.

To avoid the occurrence of biliary insufficiency, it is necessary to maintain a normal composition of bile. If the liver is unhealthy, then this process is disrupted, resulting in the formation of stones.

To do this, doctors prescribe choleretic medications, which contain bile and bile acids in their composition. This group of funds include Allohol, Cholenzim or Holosas.

As additional therapy to eliminate irritation of the intestinal mucosa, it is necessary to take medications, which include ursodeoxycholic acid. These drugs include Ursosan, Ursofalk or Hepatosan.

Liver cleanse

To clean the liver and bile ducts, you need to carry out tubage at least three times a year. This procedure involves the cleansing of organs mineral water, sorbitol or magnesium. It can be safely carried out at home.

Before carrying out tubage in the evening before going to bed, it is necessary to carry out a cleansing enema. At the same time, dinner should be light and not contain refractory fats.

The next morning after sleep, a glass of mineral water, sorbitol or magnesia is consumed. Then a heating pad is applied to the right area. The procedure should be carried out within two hours.

After performing these manipulations, the patient may experience diarrhea, nausea, and mild pain in the abdomen.

During the day, meals should be light. It is better to eat vegetable and fruit dishes.

Liver cleansing with a removed gallbladder can also be done with the help of vegetable oil. For such purposes, you can use olive, cedar, linseed or sesame oil.

To carry out a cleansing procedure, within thirty days you need to take one tablespoon of any oil with the addition of lemon juice. Such manipulations will clear the bile ducts and eliminate their blockage.

Folk methods

After an operation to remove the gallbladder, to prevent the development of congestion and the formation of stones in the pathways and liver, you can resort to folk methods.

There are several effective recipes:

• The use of corn stigmas. They help to clean the biliary and hepatic tract, as well as lower the amount of cholesterol in the blood. To make a solution, you should take one spoonful of corn stigmas and fill it with a mug boiled water. Let the drink stand for two to three hours. Take up to four to five times a day, divided into equal parts.
• Using Repeshka. Its effect is directed to the removal of the inflammatory process, the secretion of bile and the cleansing of the paths. To make a drink, you need to take two tablespoons of grass and fill it with two cups of boiled water. Let stand for about two hours, then decant and consume throughout the day.
• Making an infusion from birch buds. Refers to choleretic agents with a mild and sparing effect. This drink is able to improve metabolic phenomena and liver function. To make a decoction, you should take a spoonful of kidneys and fill it with a cup of boiled water. Let stand for about an hour, then decant. Take up to two times a day for half a mug.

You can drink infusions after the operation, which have a complex effect. You can take immortelle flowers, Repeshka, Valerian, St. John's wort and Calendula. Mix everything in equal quantity and fill with a cup of boiled water. After that install on water bath for five to seven minutes. Then the drink should stand for about two hours. Strain and drink throughout the day.

There is another recipe. You need to take Chicory, Chamomile, corn silk, Sushenitsu and Immortelle. Mix everything in equal quantity and fill with a cup of boiled water. Set on a small fire for ten to fifteen minutes, and then let stand for another half an hour. Express and take throughout the day.

To make the third recipe, you will need birch leaves, hop cones, Elecampane, Repeshok, Chicory, Immortelle and Rosehip. All herbs are mixed in equal proportions. Filled with two cups of boiled water and infused for three hours. Then the drink is filtered.

If the patient feels fine and does not experience any discomfort, then folk ways can be used as preventive measures. Treatment courses should be held twice a year for eight weeks.

If the patient has pain in the liver, constipation or nausea, then medicinal decoctions should be taken more often. Treatment should be carried out until the discomfort disappears. Every two months, the courses are repeated, and each time the decoction should be changed.

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Cholagogue preparations after removal of the gallbladder

Surgery to remove the gallbladder is called a cholecystectomy. After its implementation, the work of the digestive system completely changes. Since bile has nowhere else to accumulate, a person has to adapt to new conditions - to observe special diet and diet. Then you can not worry that the absence of an organ will negatively affect life. But in some cases, in order to achieve normal health, patients have to take choleretic drugs after surgery to remove the gallbladder.

Why should you take pills?

First of all, drug therapy required for people who have suffered from gallstone disease. Gallbladder dysfunction is not the root cause of the disease, therefore, removal of the organ only relieves pain and prevents the patient's life from rupture and obstruction of the bile ducts.

To avoid further development diseases and prevent blockage of the ducts by newly formed stones, a person needs to take choleretic drugs.

After cholecystectomy, bile no longer accumulates, it becomes less concentrated and enters the duodenum in smaller quantities. Accordingly, this may affect digestive process. Together with other consequences of the operation, these changes lead to the following symptoms:

1. the appearance of bouts of pain in the abdomen;
2. violation of the stomach, provoking constant nausea;
3. appearance obstructive jaundice and hepatic colic;
4. deterioration of bowel function, manifested through flatulence and hologenic diarrhea.

In addition to all of the above, additional health problems can be caused by the influence of bacteria that settle on tissue areas that are inflamed after surgery.

Accordingly, after removal of the gallbladder, it is extremely important not only to follow the dietary rules prescribed by the doctor and to physical exercises to normalize the outflow of bile. It is also necessary to drink all prescribed medications and when the first symptoms appear and discomfort contact a doctor immediately.

How to restore the digestive system?

Drug therapy, which helps to cope with the consequences of cholecystectomy, includes the following complex of drugs:

1. antispasmodics (Drotaverin, Duspatalin, No-Shpa, Buscopan, Mebeverin) - relieve pain in the right hypochondrium;
2. choleretic drugs (Liobil, Allochol, Cholenzim) - help to increase the flow of bile and, accordingly, improve work digestive tract and prevent the formation of stones;
3. auxiliary preparations (Gepabene, Osalmid, Ursosan, Tsikvalon, Ursofalk, etc.) - help to increase the volume of bile formed, reduce the risk of stone formation and, if necessary, have a bactericidal effect.

Cholagogue preparations form the basis of medical treatment after removal of the gallbladder.

Thanks to choleretic agents, several problems associated with the digestive tract are solved at once:

1. stop congestion in the bile ducts;
2. improves food processing in the duodenum due to more incoming bile;
3. pain decreases, as excessive pressure on the walls of the bile ducts disappears;
4. the risk of stone formation is sharply reduced, since the grains of sand are washed out by the flow of bile;
5. there is a bactericidal effect due to the natural properties of bile.

Types of choleretic drugs

Thanks to a wide therapeutic effect drugs that help improve bile flow after cholecystectomy, a huge variety of these drugs has appeared. Each of them uses various substances. Accordingly, they have different ways of influencing the body. But in total mass All such medicines are divided into two types:

1. choleretics - drugs that stimulate the liver, increasing the amount of bile produced by the body;
2. cholekinetics - means that enhance the dynamics of fluid movement through the ducts after removal of the gallbladder.

Choleretics are essential for violations of the liver. Cirrhosis, hepatitis and other diseases lead to the fact that bile hardly leaves the intrahepatic ducts. Taking appropriate funds stimulates a significant increase in fluid volume.

But there is also danger in this. If the bile ducts are constricted by spasm after surgery, an increase in pressure on them will only cause additional problems and severe pain. Therefore, before taking choleretics, it is important to use antispasmodics.

This type of drug is available in two types:

1. natural medicines based on bile and its acids, such as Cholenzim or Allochol;
2. artificially created substances: Nicodin, Oxaphenamide, Tsikvalon.

Cholekinetics have a different principle of influence. Instead of interfering with the work of the body, they simply act as aids and improve the tone of the bile ducts. In total, there are three types of cholekinetics that are commonly used as part of the diet after cholecystectomy:

1. polyhydric alcohols are sweeteners: sorbitol, created on the basis of corn starch, and xylitol - wood, most often birch, sugar;
2. salt. The most famous among them is magnesia, which also has an antispasmodic and laxative effect. Karlovy Vary salt is often used, which, in addition to the choleretic effect, helps to improve the functioning of the pancreas and cleanse the body of toxins;
3. vegetable oils. Olive, sunflower and castor oil not only gently adjust the flow of bile, but also relieve constipation.

How to take Hofitol with stones and after removal of the gallbladder?

This hepatoprotective drug is the so-called phyto-drug, which has a multilateral positive impact on the liver cells and stimulates the smooth muscles of the biliary tract. In addition, its use has a beneficial effect on renal function. What kind of drug Hofitol and how to use it is the topic of this article.

What is the action based on?

The mechanism of action of this drug is based on the work of the biologically active substances contained in it. The basis of the drug is an extract of the leaves of a plant such as the field artichoke.

The hepatoprotective, antispasmodic and biliary action of the drug is provided by polyphenolic substances, which include:

These substances provide inhibition of the formation of cholesterol in the liver cells, help reduce the level of content in the organs toxic substances, which are produced by pathogenic fungi, cause a slowdown in the release of glucose in the blood after eating, and also reduce the intensity of the process of hepatic glycogenolysis, which is the breakdown of glycogen in the liver, followed by the formation of glucose.

In addition, products produced during metabolic processes some biologically active substances contained in the leaves of the field artichoke (for example, ferulic acid) contribute to the normalization blood pressure, have an anti-inflammatory effect, increase the amount of substances such as antidepressants, and so on.

This tool also has an antioxidant effect, which is provided by the non-polyphenols contained in it, as well as other minerals and vitamins of groups B, C and beta-carotene. With the help of the same components of the drug, metabolic processes in the kidney and liver cells are activated.

The beneficial effect of this drug on the kidneys is also associated with the restoration of their filtration abilities, and a mild diuretic effect that stimulates excretion from the body. various toxins formed in the process of metabolism, and reduces signs of intoxication. What is important is that potassium is retained in the body.

Inulin, which is also contained in this plant, stimulates the immune system, accelerates absorption in the body minerals and also lowers blood insulin levels.

Summarizing the above, Hofitol has the following positive effects:

• hepatoprotective;
• choleretic;
• anti-inflammatory;
• antioxidant;
• lowers blood cholesterol levels.

In addition, this medicine can slightly reduce blood pressure and helps restore impaired renal function.

Dosage forms in which this drug is produced are of three types:

• tablets;
• solution for oral administration;
• injection.

The manufacturer of Hofitol is the French pharmaceutical company Rosa-Fitofarma.

When is this drug prescribed?

This drug is indicated for use in cases where there are violations of the outflow of bile due to reduced activity of smooth muscles biliary tract. This pathology is called biliary dyskinesia of the hypokinetic type.

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It manifests itself with the following symptoms:

• violation of the digestive process;
• heaviness and discomfort in the stomach;
• increased gas formation in the intestines;
• nausea;
• belching;
• in some cases, vomiting.

In addition, stagnation of bile in the gallbladder and biliary tract can provoke various inflammatory processes in this area, called cholangiocholecystitis by specialists.

Chronic inflammation of the gallbladder and biliary tract is also one of the cases where this remedy is indicated. However, it should be remembered that it should not be taken during exacerbations of inflammatory processes. Also, you can not take Hofitol with stones in the gallbladder and biliary tract.

In other cases, increased bile outflow will help relieve its stagnation and prevent the development of further exacerbations.

Also, the use of this drug is indicated in cases of chronic liver diseases, such as chronic hepatitis and any kind of cirrhosis. However, if an acute inflammatory process is observed in the liver, then this drug cannot be prescribed.

It is also prescribed in cases of chronic kidney disease that cause impairment of their functions. Contraindications - the same as in previous cases - acute exacerbations.

In addition, this medicine helps in cases of edema resulting from cardiovascular insufficiency. As aid Hofitol is recommended for diseases such as obesity and atherosclerosis.

Contraindications for use

Hofitol is contraindicated in the following cases:

• individual intolerance to its constituent components;
• stones in the gallbladder or biliary tract, as well as in the presence of any other obstacles to the exit of bile;
• increased motor activity of the bile ducts (dyskinesia of these pathways of the hyperkinetic type).
• any acute liver disease;
• acute inflammation of the biliary tract;
• acute kidney disease;
• diseases urinary tract;
• impaired renal and hepatic function.

In addition to the above, this remedy should not be given to children under 6 years of age. During pregnancy and lactation, this drug should be taken with extreme caution.

Many people ask the question: "Is it possible to take Hofitol after removal of the gallbladder?" As you can see, cholecystectomy (the name of the operation to remove this organ) is not on the list of contraindications, so the answer is yes, you can.

However, the choleretic effect of this natural preparation in the absence of a gallbladder in a patient, it can lead to a deterioration in well-being, so in no case do not self-medicate. In this case, only the attending physician can prescribe Hofitol.

Does the drug have any side effects?

Since Hofitol belongs to the group of non-toxic herbal medicines, as a rule, patients do not complain about side effects.

There have been cases of diarrhea due to taking the drug for a long time period and in high dosages. Well, from individual reactions allergic nature this medicine is also not insured.

Liver diseases are on the list of those that often cause people to die in the 21st century. According to statistics, about 200 million people in the world suffer from the problem liver failure different nature. In our area, studies have shown that every fourth person has problems in the work of this body.

In the countries of the European Union - every sixth person. It is for this reason that doctors strongly recommend, at the slightest suspicion of violations in the work of this body, to seek help from experienced specialist without self-medication.

Liver, its functions

Liver - vital important organ in human body which weighs about 1.5 kg. Her work includes the performance of serious functions, the main ones include:

• control of hormones released thyroid gland;
• excretion of protein breakdown products, as well as erythrocytes from the body;
• neutralization of toxic substances that enter the body with environment;
• bile synthesis, breakdown of fats, the liver helps the absorption of these substances circulatory system;
• this organ is also responsible for the production of immunoglobulins;
• One of the main functions of the liver is the formation of blood. It is especially important during prenatal development fetus.
• distribution of the blood supply throughout the body.

Liver diseases are treated with a variety of methods and means.

Starting with folk: decoctions of herbs, teas and tinctures, ending with surgical intervention. But the middle link between them is drug treatment. pharmaceutical factories constantly release more and more new and improved drugs that fight against different symptoms and cure many diseases. Among such funds there is a familiar "Hofitol" to many.

What is the drug "Hofitol"

"Hofitol" - a medical preparation based on a water field. It is produced in tablets: packaging in the form of tubes No. 60 and No. 180. Standard dosage active substance in tablets is 200 mg. Also, manufacturers make Hofitol drops, instructions are attached to them in each box, as well as to the tablet form.

Drops have the same dosage: 200 mg of active ingredient per 1 ml of solution.

Much less common, but Hofitol ampoules are commercially available for parenteral administration(intramuscularly, intravenously). Each package contains 5 ampoules with a volume of 5 ml. 1 ml of solution also contains 200 mg of artichoke extract. Before you start treatment with the drug, you must carefully study the instructions for "Hofitol" and reviews.

How the drug works

Artichoke extract has a strong choleretic action, it also protects the liver from the effects of toxins and has a mild diuretic effect. Preparations based on this plant can improve the metabolic process and cholesterol metabolism.

AT complex treatment Together with antibacterial drugs, "Hofitol" has a detoxifying effect on the liver and kidneys. The instruction of "Hofitol" indicates the correctness of taking tablets, drops or the use of ampoules. It is not recommended to start treatment without familiarizing yourself with it. And also prescribe a drug for self-medication.

Tablets "Hofitol": instructions for use

Reviews about the drug will be presented below, first you need to understand the rules of admission. Depending on the condition of the patient, the doctor may prescribe 1 or 2 tablets three times a day. This technique is indicated for adults and children over 12 years of age. For children 6 to 12 years of age, the recommended dose is 1 tablet three times a day. The duration of the course of treatment is determined by the attending physician.

Analogues of "Hofitol"

Reviews about the drug are mostly positive, we will talk more about them at the end of the article. To date, most medicines have analogues that doctors can easily replace necessary funds. In case there is a need for this or a specific drug is not available. So, "Hofitol" can be replaced with such medical preparations:

• "Atrichol";
• "Artichoke Extract";
• "Allohole";
• "Flamin";
• "Gepabene".

The use of the drug during pregnancy

Pregnancy is a special period in a woman's life, when her whole body, and she is fully tuned to bear the fetus.

So, often in 9 months of bearing a child future mommy may face many problems, including liver, stool, gallbladder and other troubles. After complete examination the attending physician prescribes drugs to a pregnant woman to improve her condition. Only drugs that are safe during pregnancy are allowed. Reviews about Hofitol among women in position are exceptionally good. So, it has a softening effect on oxidative processes in cells, has a mild diuretic effect and improves the functioning of the gallbladder. The drug is also able to improve blood flow to the placenta, which has a beneficial effect on the unborn child. According to reviews, Hofitol is absolutely safe during pregnancy.

How "Hofitol" protects a pregnant woman from edema

A very common problem among pregnant women is swelling of the extremities. The drug improves the functioning of the kidneys, liver, blood vessels, thereby helping to remove excess fluid from the body.

"Hofitol" pediatricians prescribe to newborn babies. When jaundice persists for a long time, an artichoke-based preparation helps the liver fight it.

Side effects of "Hofitol"

Usually the drug is well tolerated. Except in cases where there is an individual intolerance to the substances that make up the product. Therefore, although very rare, it happens that people vomit after taking the medicine. It is important to follow the rules for the use of "Hofitol". Reviews about it are also important, they will help you understand what negative reactions the drug is to be expected. A rare side effect is diarrhea. It, as a rule, can appear if the dosages are not observed at the time of admission. Less common, but common, is an allergic reaction.

After cholecystectomy and dilatation, which allows the complete removal of the gallbladder, the patient will need 1-2 months to recover if there are no complications. After removal of the gallbladder, you should lead a certain lifestyle, change your behavior, following the requirements of the doctor. Usually prescribed special dietary therapy and physiotherapy. Often, after surgery, PCES syndrome develops, pain, heartburn and diarrhea appear, everything becomes aggravated chronic diseases(gastritis, ulcer, colitis, pancreatitis, enteritis, osteochondrosis, etc.). To improve the digestive function and accelerate the adaptation of the gastrointestinal tract in these conditions, without a gallbladder, a certain list of medications is prescribed, general recommendations are given.

After cholecystectomy

After a successful operation, the patient is given resuscitation and nursing care for the first hours, monitoring his condition and monitoring the consequences general anesthesia. Why is the patient kept in the resuscitation ward for several days? This is required if you have undesirable consequences after removal of the gallbladder.

During the 4 hours spent in intensive care, it is forbidden to get up and drink. After that, they begin to give several sips of water every 20 minutes, but not exceeding the norm of 500 ml per day.

At the end of the day, you are allowed to stand up if surgical procedure was carried out in the morning laparoscopically, that is, a small puncture in the abdomen. But you should be careful when getting out of bed, as weakness, nausea and dizziness may occur. Fistulography is mandatory to detect fistulas.

On the second day in the hospital after the removal of the gallbladder, it is allowed to introduce dietary food in the form of soups, slime oatmeal, kefir with the usual amount of drinking liquid. Gradually, the table will expand, but with the exception of fatty, junk and high-calorie foods, coffee, soda, alcohol.

If there are no complications after the laparoscopic technique, the patient is discharged on the 3rd day. They can be left longer if the wound oozes with the appearance of a watery or dark purple bloody fluid from the incision, or one painful lump appears (seal in the area of ​​​​the hole from the drainage). If there is only redness of the skin around the wound, the patient is discharged.

But a person must know all the consequences of removing the gallbladder. They are associated with a failure in the regulation of the release of bile acids, a change in biochemical processes in the gastrointestinal tract, which leads to such consequences as:

• motor disorder muscle tissue 12 duodenal process of the intestine;
• liquefaction of bile;
• expansion of the main bile duct;
• decline protective function against pathogens;
• imbalance of microflora;
• seroma, when fluid accumulates in the gallbladder bed with its slow resorption.
• development of flatulence, diarrhea;
• regular belching and bitterness in the mouth;
• the appearance of pain;
• motor dysfunction of food masses;
• failure of secondary absorption of bile;
• violations in general digestive function.

This condition is called postcholecystectomy syndrome, which is more pronounced if the operation was abdominal. It occurs due to the fact that the composition of the bile fluid does not change, since only the cause of the disease is eliminated (for example, removal of an organ with gallstones in patients with diabetes). Toxic fluid continues to adversely affect the mucosa of the digestive tract, although it accumulates in the lumen of the common bile duct. But if the choledochus does not cope, unpleasant symptoms of seroma appear, such as pain, diarrhea, heartburn.

Pain

Abdominal tenderness after cholecystectomy is a common consequence. Its occurrence is not always associated with complications or other problems. Soreness appears due to the features of the surgical procedure.

Character:

1. Localization - in the place of the right hypochondrium, where the removed organ was located and there is a scar, with a possible return to the subclavian zone.
2. The intensity is different, depending on the sensitivity threshold of the patient.
3. How long does it take? Hours and several days after surgery, depending on which surgical technique the doctor began to use, and from the ability of body tissues to regenerate the scar.
4. The reasons:

• feature of the incision (cavitary, laparoscopic);
• consequences of introducing carbon dioxide into the peritoneum to push the organs apart during the operation in order to improve visibility.

Pain after a laparoscopic puncture:

1. Localization - in the epigastric region (in the stomach).
2. Character - aching, dull, occur constantly and intensify with coughing, deep breathing.
3. Provoking factors are a complete restructuring of the body and its adaptation to work without a gallbladder.
4. How long to last? 1 month. The bandage will reduce muscle discomfort.

If the patient is sick, there is a strong soreness in the navel area, accompanied by vomiting, fever, chills with cold sweat - this is alarm signal, which requires urgent appeal to the doctor. Biliary peritonitis or jaundice may develop. Such persistent symptoms, their location, dark urine, indicate the development severe complications Therefore, you should take tests and consult a doctor.

Pain in the right side in female patients without a gallbladder may be due to menstruation. Usually, the pain is paroxysmal and occurs before the menstruation begins. Long pain syndrome with high intensity speaks of pathology if menstruation did not start on time.

Painful spasms with a removed bladder:

1. Localization - at the top of the abdomen, right side with a return to the back, left and right hypochondrium. The navel hurts less often. Increased with coughing, sudden movements.
2. Character - colic, constantly appearing at night, after eating. At the same time, nausea, vomiting, and a heart cough may occur.
3. How long does one spasm last? Up to 20 minutes. Total duration- 90 days until the root cause is eliminated.

A burning painful syndrome in the epigastrium and behind the sternum causes reflux of intestinal contents into the stomach or bile leakage. If the casting is repeated often, reflux esophagitis develops, the patient feels nauseated and vomits. The use of harmful product or liquids.

Why does pathological pain syndrome occur? The provoking factors are the following:

• exacerbation of chronic or appearance acute diseases(pancreatitis, colitis, ulcers, hepatitis, gastritis, duodenitis, osteochondrosis);
• peritonitis;
• biliary tract injury.

What caused the temperature to rise and other symptoms? Analysis and fistulography can clarify the situation.

Diarrhea

Any surgical intervention in the abdominal cavity is accompanied by a failure in digestive system and difficulties with the intestines, especially if it is associated with the removal of the gallbladder - one of the organs of the gastrointestinal tract, after which bile hypersecretion develops.

Most patients immediately after surgical intervention may complain of increased gas formation, flatulence, bloating, diarrhea. 20 out of 100 patients develop intestinal disorder with bloody diarrhea, fever. In the bulk, discomfort is eliminated by discharge with normalization from diet therapy and medications taken. But sometimes diarrhea after gallbladder removal lasts for years. In this case, cholecystectomy and dilatation are complicated by a disease such as hologenic diarrhea.

The nature of hologenous intestinal disorder:

Persistent hologenic diarrhea and loose stools can lead to dehydration and cause jaundice. The patient may vomit. To pass the discomfort, drug treatment with enzymes with plentiful drink and a strict antidiarrheal menu.

Heartburn

Where does bile usually go? At normal conditions after being produced in the liver, it is stored in the bladder, where it changes its composition, then it is released into the ducts and duodenal process with food entering the gastrointestinal tract. This direction of bile flow is necessary to ensure the correct breakdown of proteins and fats for their absorption in the duodenum.

Where does the bile go after the operation, when the bladder was cut out? After development, it can linger in the choledochus, then it is immediately fed into the duodenal process without changing the quantity, composition, regardless of whether there is food in the gastrointestinal tract or its absence is observed. A lot of combustible liquid with a toxic composition, which contains choledoch, creates pressure in the remaining channels, it immediately enters the intestine, causing irritation of its mucosa, weakening the sphincter between the process and the stomach. As a result, there is a reverse ejection of the contents of the duodenum (bile leakage), which causes epigastric heartburn of varying intensity, depending on the power of reflux into the stomach. As the problem worsens, bile emissions intensify, the level of fluid pressure in the channels increases, so the lower esophageal sphincter gradually weakens, which leads to a burning painful attack in the retrosternal space. In addition to bile leakage, belching and bitterness in the mouth occur.

Heartburn after removal of the gallbladder requires treatment, as bile lithogenicity gradually increases. As part of the liquid, a lot of cholesterol begins to form, the amount of useful bile acids (important in digestion) and lecithin (so that liver cells begin to recover) decreases. Due to bile irritation, cirrhosis, an ulcer in the gastrointestinal tract can occur. A correction of the composition is needed so that stones do not form in the remaining channels and choledocholithiasis does not develop.

Postoperative treatment

Medical therapy is required because:

• help in restoring the gastrointestinal tract is important;
• eliminates discomfort in the form of soreness, heartburn, diarrhea;
• it is necessary to get rid of PCES;
• it is required to prevent the development of complications and exacerbation of existing chronic pathologies.

Since the majority of patients with an excised bladder are women childbearing age, they need to be treated especially carefully, with regular monitoring of well-being, so that they can then normally endure pregnancy and childbirth.

Medicines

The main task of medical therapy is the adaptation of the gastrointestinal tract without the gallbladder. Medicines are prescribed only by a gastroenterologist.

AT postoperative period appointed:

• choleretic drugs ("Hofitol");
• enzymes ("Creon", "Festal") - with their help, normal work digestive function of the gastrointestinal tract;
• probiotics, which intestinal microflora recover faster.
• vitamins.

When certain symptoms appear that indicate

specific changes are assigned:

• "Liobil", "Allohol", "Holenzim" - with biliary insufficiency;
• "Duspatalin" - with spasm.
• "Osalmid", "Cyclovalon", containing bile components to correct their composition and stimulate bile production.
• "Essential" - stimulates the liver and its function.
• "Odeston" to restore the body.
• Antibiotics - if inflammation is detected and 3 days after the bladder has been removed, to prevent bacterial infection wounds and entrails. They are introduced through drainage (removal of drainage in this case is carried out no earlier than the 12th day).
• Analgesics or antispasmodics ("Drotaverin", "No-shpa", "Duspatalin", "Buscopan") to stop the pain syndrome.

To prevent complications after removal of the gallbladder, and to pass the residual symptomatic manifestation PCES, it is recommended to continue medical therapy at home. For this, preparations containing ursodeoxycholic acid are prescribed. They reduce the risk of developing choledocholithiasis (the formation of gallstones and stones in the canals). More often, Ursofalk is needed for a course of six months, a year or two. used treatment regimen with alkaline mineral water without gas, which you need to drink in a monthly course, take a break and be treated again.