Cloudy spot before the eye. When to contact an ophthalmologist. What it is

Floating spots or flies in the eyes for the first time can be confusing and even a little signal of danger.

How do you know if it's a cause for concern? Let's discuss this!

While some floating spots are normal, some may be a sign of underlying problems that you should discuss with your ophthalmologist.

What are floating spots?

Floating spots look like irregularities that slowly move across the field of view. Floating spots often look like:

small dark spots or particles, threads or wires or fragments of cobwebs

Floating spots in the eyes are not optical illusion. These are small foreign bodies in the vitreous humor, the gel-like gelatinous substance that gives the eye correct form. Sometimes, as they move, the floating spots create a shadow on the retina. This is what you see.

What causes floating spots?

In most cases, age-related changes in the vitreous body are the cause of floating spots. As the eyes age, the condition worsens vitreous body: it becomes more liquid, begins to bend and shift inside the eyeball, and sometimes the gel-like substance thickens. The shadows of these viscous pieces are what you see.

Floating spots also occur when the vitreous separates from the retina. Irritation of the retina during this process often creates "flashes" in the eyes. At the time of displacement of the vitreous body from the head optic nerve a floating spot in the form of a ring may occur.

Sometimes, this separation pulls part of the retina with it. When the retina is detached, blood seeps into the vitreous body, which looks like a scattering of small dots and requires immediate medical intervention ophthalmologist.

Bleeding and inflammation of the eye, retinal tears, blood vessel problems in the eye, and other injuries generally result in floating spots. Floating patches can also be small particles of proteins or other substances that enter the eye, which is formed before birth.

When to see an ophthalmologist

Floating spots and flashes are an urgent matter for which you need to consult an ophthalmologist, especially if they suddenly appeared. They often indicate separation of the retina, which can lead to blindness.

During a regular checkup, it is always necessary to inform your optometrist of any vision changes or eye problems, whether floating spots or otherwise. Floating spots are occasionally visible only during eye examination especially if they are close to the retina.

floating spot treatment

Most floating spots do not require treatment. While getting used to them takes time and causes a feeling of frustration, many eventually stop noticing them.

If the floating spots are very large or become numerous and impair vision, your ophthalmologist may recommend surgery or laser therapy to remove them.

Laser therapy for floating spots

During laser therapy, your ophthalmologist directs a laser beam at a foreign spot in the vitreous to destroy it, reduce it, and make it less visible.

The use of laser therapy for floating spots is still experimental and not widely used. While some people experience improvement after laser therapy, others experience little or no improvement.

Surgical treatment of floating spots

A vitrectomy is an operation in which an ophthalmologist removes the vitreous through a small incision, replacing it with a solution to maintain the shape of the eye. your body naturally forms a new vitreous body, which will gradually replace this solution. Vitrectomy does not always completely remove floating spots. After this, the formation of new floating spots is possible, especially if surgical operation bleeding or rupture of the retina.

While most floating spots are harmless, sudden appearance floating spots or flashes can be an urgent warning to the eyes. Call your doctor at any time if you have sudden changes in your eyes. Regular examination is also important so that your ophthalmologist observes changes and can help identify floaters and other abnormalities in your eyes.

Naturally, the risk of developing increases with age. various diseases. Eyes are no exception: age cataract, retinal dystrophy ... Only regular examination at the ophthalmologist allows for early stages reveal serious illness eye and prevent possible loss vision.

In some cases, for example, with an acute attack of glaucoma, the count goes not for days, but for hours: the sooner treatment is started, the higher the chances of restoring vision. Knowing some of the signs of eye diseases will help you to seek help from a specialist in a timely manner.

Sudden loss of vision in one eye

If you are over 60, and especially if you are nearsighted, arterial hypertension, diabetes, systemic diseases, there is a risk that the loss of vision is caused by vascular disorders - occlusion central artery retinal or thrombosis central vein retina.

In such cases, time is counted by the clock, and only timely specialized assistance will help restore vision, otherwise irreversible blindness of the affected eye occurs.

Sensation of a black curtain in front of the eyes that obscures part of the field of vision

Sensation before the eyes of a black or translucent veil from the periphery. Such a symptom is often observed with retinal detachment. The condition requires immediate hospitalization. The earlier treatment is started, the more likely restoration of vision.

Sharp pain in the eye, redness, blurred vision, may be nausea, vomiting

These could be signs acute attack angle-closure glaucoma. Intraocular pressure rises sharply, which can lead to damage to the optic nerve. An immediate decrease in intraocular pressure is shown - up to surgical treatment. Don't wait until the pain will pass. Seek immediate medical attention.

Gradual or abrupt narrowing of the field of vision

gradual or sharp narrowing visual field, resulting in the ability to see only what is located directly in front of you - the so-called "tubular" vision. Perhaps you have glaucoma, one of the main signs of which is a narrowing of the field of vision as a result of damage to the optic nerve.

Without appropriate conservative or surgical treatment, vision will deteriorate. terminal stage glaucoma is total loss vision. Possible severe pain, which do not stop even after the operation and require, ultimately, the removal of the eye.

Gradual deterioration of central vision, blurring, distortion of the image (straight lines appear wavy, curved)

These may be symptoms of macular degeneration - a degenerative disease of the central region of the retina - the macula, which plays the most important role in providing vision. The incidence increases sharply with age.

Without supportive treatment, vision gradually deteriorates, glasses do not help. There are currently various options treatments that are applied depending on the form of macular degeneration.

Also, a sudden decrease in vision may be due to a macular retinal tear, i.e. retinal break in the central zone. It is necessary to immediately contact an ophthalmologist to clarify the diagnosis, since a retinal rupture in the macular area, if treatment is not started on time, leads to irreversible loss of vision.

Fog before the eyes, reduced brightness and contrast

These symptoms can be caused by a developing cataract - clouding of the lens. Vision deteriorates gradually, eventually declining to the ability to distinguish only light. In most cases, urgent medical care is not required, at a certain stage, planned surgical treatment is carried out - cataract removal with implantation of an artificial lens.

However, periodic observation by an ophthalmologist is recommended, since in some cases cataracts may be accompanied by an increase in intraocular pressure, which requires urgent surgical treatment. In addition, as the cataract develops, the lens becomes more and more hard and increases in size, which can complicate the operation to remove it, so you need to visit a specialist regularly to determine optimal time for surgical treatment.

Dark spots, floaters, fog, or a blurry feeling before the eyes

If you have diabetes, these may be signs of diabetic retinopathy, a retinal damage caused by diabetes. As you progress diabetes or its decompensation, the risk of eye complications increases dramatically.

Regular visits to the ophthalmologist for examination eye day, since changes in the vessels and the retina itself, hemorrhages in the retina and vitreous body can cause irreversible loss of vision.

The ophthalmologist will prescribe you the therapy that is necessary specifically for the eyes, which may not only consist of taking certain medications, laser treatment is often required, and other methods of treatment may also be used. Carried out on time laser coagulation retinal is the only way preservation of vision in diabetes mellitus.

Burning sensation, sand in the eyes, sensation of a foreign body, lacrimation, or, conversely, a feeling of dryness

Such complaints occur with dry eye syndrome, the frequency and extent of which increase with age. Usually we are talking primarily about discomfort and deterioration in the quality of life, rather than about any danger to the eyes.

However, severe dry eye syndrome can cause some serious pathological conditions. Your ophthalmologist will tell you more about dry eye syndrome, necessary examination, will recommend which moisturizing drops are best for you to use.

Ghosting

Double vision when looking with one or two eyes can be caused by many reasons, both from the side of the eyes and other organs: intoxication, vascular disorders, diseases nervous system, endocrine pathology. If double vision suddenly appears, immediately consult a general practitioner, ophthalmologist, neurologist and endocrinologist.

Floaters before the eyes

Usually floating spots, threads, "spiders" before the eyes are explained by the destruction of the vitreous body. This is a non-hazardous condition associated with age-related changes structures of the vitreous body - a transparent gel-like content that fills the eyeball. With age, the vitreous body becomes less dense, liquefies, and does not adhere as tightly to the retina as before, its fibers stick together, lose transparency, casting a shadow on the retina and being perceived as defects in our field of vision.

Such floating opacities are clearly visible on a white background: snow, a sheet of paper. The destruction of the vitreous body can lead to: arterial hypertension, cervical osteochondrosis, diabetes mellitus, head injuries, eye and nose injuries, etc.

However, an unexpected spot in front of the eyes, a “curtain” can be caused by a serious pathology that requires emergency treatment- for example, hemorrhages in the retina or vitreous. If symptoms occur suddenly, on the same day, contact an ophthalmologist immediately.

If you have any previously absent visual symptoms, it is better to immediately contact a specialist. If vision has deteriorated sharply in a few hours or days, pain is bothering you, do not waste time. Even if it is not possible to consult your ophthalmologist, you can go to the emergency room eye care that are in every city in multidisciplinary hospitals or eye hospitals.

AT last resort Many opticians are visited by experienced ophthalmologists who will conduct the minimum necessary examination and give recommendations for further actions.

Suddenly, you suddenly find that a fog has gone before your eye and a dark spot has appeared. Nothing can be considered. We tried to read with that eye, which for some reason stopped seeing, and realized that you could not distinguish the letters. What is it? If you start treatment on time, you can stop further development illness.

What is this disease?

"Macula" in Latin means "spot", and "dystrophy" is translated from Greek as "malnutrition". The macula is the most central, most important, most sensitive part of the retina. Light, refracted in the optical system of the eye, is focused in the yellow spot, in the so-called central fovea. It is the macula and nerves of the fovea that provide us with the sharpest central vision, with the help of which all small details are distinguished. So, macular degeneration is characterized by dystrophic changes in the yellow spot, because of which they are destroyed nerve cells that perceive light. As a result, a person gradually loses central vision, but rather freely orients himself in space, because peripheral vision persists in macular degeneration.

The cause of macular degeneration is vascular sclerosis and arteriosclerotic changes, as well as circulatory disorders in the retinal capillaries in the area of the macula. That's why age-related macular degeneration called sclerotic. This disease is the most common cause of vision loss among people over 60 years of age.

The disease can be inherited, so if you are diagnosed with macular degeneration, then warn your children and grandchildren about it. They may inherit macular features that increase the risk of the disease.

What contributes to the development of macular degeneration

Age. The older the person, the more likely to occur this disease. Around the age of 50, only 2% of people have a chance of developing macular degeneration. This figure reaches 30% as soon as a person crosses the age limit of 75 years.

Gender identity. Women are at greater risk of developing macular degeneration than men.

Bad habits (particularly smoking) and malnutrition. Smoking triples the risk of developing macular degeneration.

How does macular degeneration occur?

Due to circulatory disorders in the capillaries, the retina is destroyed. At the final stage of the disease, a dark spot in front of the eye begins to interfere with a person. It does not allow you to see what the gaze is directed at. The dark spot becomes larger and darker over time, completely obscuring the central vision. This is because the light-sensitive nerve cells in the central area of the retina have stopped working normally. And vision deteriorates, and new ones begin to grow behind the retina. blood vessels towards the macula. These newly formed vessels are defective, defective and have permeable walls that are able to pass blood and intraocular fluid to the macula.

There are two types of macular degeneration: dry and wet.

Dry macular degeneration

It occurs in most patients. Develops at first only on one eye. At the same time, it is impossible to predict when the disease will pass to the second eye, and even an ophthalmologist will not answer this question for sure.

The very first sign of dry macular degeneration is a slight decrease in vision, this is especially noticeable when reading. A brighter light becomes necessary when painstakingly working with small objects. Those patients who develop macular degeneration in only one eye often do not notice visual impairment for a very long time - after all, with one normal seeing eye, you can read and do small work.

Remember: if you have dry macular degeneration, you should be examined by your doctor, at least, once a year.

Wet macular degeneration

Almost all cases of irreversible vision loss (90%) occur precisely in this form of the disease. The first sign of wet macular degeneration that has begun is that straight lines begin to appear wavy.

This optical effect occurs because fluid flows from defective newly formed vessels under the macula. It exfoliates and displaces the nerve cells in the macula, so the shape of the objects that the patient looks at is bent and distorted.

If you have such changes in the field of vision, you should immediately consult a doctor!

Another symptom is rapid decline vision (in contrast to the slow drop in visual acuity in the dry form of macular degeneration). The patient is also disturbed by a dark spot in the center of the visual field.

Do not delay laser surgery if your doctor recommends it. After it, you should regularly see a doctor in order to timely notice a re-flow in the walls of blood vessels.

Many eye diseases occur without bright severe symptoms, and macular degeneration refers to such diseases. Neither with dry nor with wet macular degeneration, any pain is felt. Most people notice a deterioration in vision only when macular degeneration begins to develop in the other eye, and only then go to the doctor, who will diagnose age-related macular degeneration.

What will the doctor suggest?

The doctor checks visual acuity according to special tables, visual fields, measures intraocular pressure examines the fundus of the eye in detail.

Can also test with the Amsler grid. The grid is a sheet of paper in a cage measuring 10x10 cm, with a black dot in the center to fix the vision. You need to close one eye with your hand and look with the other eye at the black dot in the center of the grid. If straight lines have become wavy, and some lines have disappeared altogether, this is a sign of wet macular degeneration.

If wet macular degeneration is suspected, fluorescein angiography may be needed. To do this, a special paint is injected into a vein on the forearm, and a device for photographing the fundus allows you to see the passage of paint through the vessels. Thus, newly formed vessels become visible, as well as defects in the vascular wall.

To keep your vision under control, you can make your own Amsler grid. Such a check is suitable only for those who still have good vision. If there is a curvature of the lines in any sector of the grid, then it's time to contact a specialist. You can also check your eyes while reading a book or watching a TV show alternately with one or the other eye.

The doctor prescribes vasodilating, anti-sclerotic, lipotropic drugs, biostimulants that improve tissue metabolism. Importance has a consumption of products with low content cholesterol.

Inside, they take drugs that improve the elasticity of blood vessels and protect them, as well as vasodilators: parmidin (prodectin, anginin), rutin, ascorutin, xanthinol nicotinate (complamine), halidor, stugeron, papaverine, no-shpa, nikospan, nigexin.

Vitamin preparations and preparations with microelements: gerioptil, vibalt, difarel, senton, trisolvit.

Antisclerotic drugs: atromidine, methionine, misclerone.

Intramuscularly, doctors prescribe dicynone, a 4% solution of taufon, a 1% solution of riboflavin mononucleotide, aevit, a 2% solution of gerovital, eye injections emoxipin, taufon.

Biostimulants are used intramuscularly or subcutaneously: aloe, FiBS, peloid distillate.

Microwave therapy: 20 procedures per course. If after the first course there is no improvement, a second course is carried out only after 4-6 months. In between courses of microwave therapy, electrophoresis is sometimes performed with a 1% solution of novocaine.

The doctor can also prescribe ultrasound exposure, 15 procedures per course. After 3-4 months, the course of ultrasound treatment is usually repeated. Electrophoresis is also prescribed.

Remember that only the doctor determines the treatment regimen, depending on the results of the examination!

Today, unfortunately, there is no 100% effective methods treatment of macular degeneration. However, this does not mean at all that you are threatened with complete loss of vision.

In some cases, laser treatment is recommended - exposure laser beam on defective vessels with a thinned and easily permeable wall. This gives positive effect, if such vessels are not located directly near the central fossa of the macula. The procedure can stop visual impairment.

How to behave after the procedure

After laser therapy, you will be able to leave the office immediately after the procedure. However, the pupil remains dilated, which means that clear vision won't be around for a few hours, so it's a good idea to have someone accompany you on your way home. And be sure to wear sunglasses.

On the first day after the procedure, you may experience blurred vision and slight pain. To eliminate this, certain medications are prescribed. The doctor will also schedule a follow-up appointment to make sure the procedure has worked. desired effect, the blood vessels of the fiber have ceased to leak, and the newly formed vessels do not grow. For compiling more complete picture going to have to go through the fluorescein angiography again. If the effect laser surgery turned out to be insufficient, it can be repeated.

Nonetheless laser therapy- this is not a treatment for macular degeneration, it is not aimed at restoring lost vision, but only at stopping its deterioration. After laser treatment there is a risk that defective vessels will reappear.

What to do to avoid macular degeneration:

* to refuse from bad habits;
* regularly visit a doctor;
* keep track of the level blood pressure;
* monitor the content of cholesterol and sugar in the blood;
* enjoy sunglasses(bright sunlight harmful to the macula).

Remember that diseases such as diabetes, hypertonic disease, atherosclerosis, worsen the course of macular degeneration.

Have you been diagnosed with macular degeneration? There is no need to limit yourself to reading or watching TV. You can watch TV 2-3 hours a day - this will not affect your vision in any way.

If you have a significant loss of vision and glasses or a magnifying glass no longer help, you need to contact a special vision correction room for the visually impaired, they will help you there. There is optical systems, which magnify the image and allow you to see fine details.

Spots of certain colors or shades, as well as any shapes floating before the eyes, are quite common, and they appear on different reasons. Some people observe such spots occasionally and only after severe overwork, while others complain that the spots certain color constantly accompany them and affect the quality of vision. In any case, whatever the reason for their appearance, these spots can be considered a pathology, which means that when they first appear, you should immediately go to the doctor.

What are the causes of floating spots before the eyes?

Most often, people don’t even have spots, but small dots that don’t even float, but move quickly before their eyes in large quantities. These dots are tiny, dense particles that float directly in the liquid behind the lens. Only the shadow that they cast falls on the retina of the eye, and this leads to the appearance of an image. These numerous points are observed mainly in people over the age of 45, and the older a person becomes, the less fluid remains inside him. eyeballs, and as a result of such a process, dense small particles appear.

In principle, you should not be worried when a spot floats in front of the left eye, as it is considered a natural phenomenon, and after a while the smallest spots or dots disappear on their own. Anxiety should be shown only if spots of certain sizes and colors periodically float before the eyes, since their appearance may indicate the appearance of a disease or condition.

So, for example, green spots can float before the eyes of a person who is in a pre-fainting state, and they are also observed in those who are physically very exhausted. Such a phenomenon may be accompanied by symptoms such as nausea, weakness in the limbs, a sharp decrease in blood pressure. With a deterioration in blood supply to the brain or with severe migraines, a person can see floating spots of yellow hues, and this phenomenon is often accompanied by headaches or a sudden increase in blood pressure.

Kinds

Almost all people have experienced small dots, which are often called "flies" or small spots different colors floating before the eyes. Those who only occasionally have spots before their eyes very often begin to panic, because they believe that these spots can only be a symptom of some serious illness. In fact, this is not entirely true, since this phenomenon sometimes simply occurs due to overwork or severe overexertion.

But you shouldn’t relax too much, because if a spot of certain colors floats in front of the right eye, this can really be one of the symptoms of an incipient disease. Therefore, do not guess and waste valuable time. It is better to immediately contact an ophthalmologist when any spots floating before your eyes appear, since some spots only indicate severe overwork or prolonged overexertion of the organs of vision, while others may be a symptom of some serious illness.

White dots and spots

Those who have transparent spots floating before their eyes should be wary, as this may be a symptom of some serious illness. Most often, spots of white and transparent color are formed when a disease or inflammatory process appears in any structures of the organs of vision, such spots can occur immediately before the development of such insidious disease like a cataract.

White spots floating before the eyes can also form due to clouding of the cornea, and they may indicate the presence of leukoma, and if left untreated, it can lead to complete blindness. In addition, white spots can also form for other reasons, such as prolonged contact with toxic vapors or gases, as well as mechanical injury eye.

To provoke the appearance of white spots before the eyes can be different infectious diseases such as syphilis. White spots that float before the eyes may also appear due to the fact that the body is not getting enough nutrients, and if left untreated, such a pathology can lead to thinning and weakening of the retina, as well as to its rupture.

Bright and yellow spots

Some people come to the optometrist complaining that floating yellow spots or circles appear before their eyes, which can be very bright or almost invisible. The appearance of these yellow spots may be accompanied by some other symptoms, among which are:

blurred or double vision;
recurrent headaches;
flashing circles, bright and instantaneous flashes;
a sharp and sudden increase in the size of the spots;
sudden dizziness. If yellow spots are accompanied by pain in certain areas of the head or nausea, then they may be caused by migraines.

If floating spots yellow color alternate with bright sudden flashes, then here we are already talking about. If the appearance of yellow spots is accompanied by a distortion of vision, then this may indicate the presence of detachment of a certain part of the retina.

Brown or blue spots

Floating spots of the above colors may indicate sharp rise blood pressure. In such cases, you only need to take the appropriate drugs.

If brown and blue spots do not disappear for a long period, but continue to float before the eyes, then you should immediately contact an ophthalmologist, as these spots may be a symptom of an incipient retinal detachment.

If blue spots appear before the eyes or Brown color, then this may indicate the appearance in the organs of vision of any inflammatory processes.

Purple and pink spots

Such spots do not appear before the eyes of all people, and they may indicate the presence of some kind of mental, eye disease. Spots of these colors form before the eyes in people suffering from nervous disorders.

spots of purple or Pink colour may also appear in those people who take a course sedatives, antidepressants, and are also being treated with hormones.

black spots

floating black spot before the eyes of people appears much more often, and occurs after prolonged stress or in the background chronic fatigue, and also after long work at computer. If these "flies" and black spots appear sporadically, then there is nothing to worry about, you just need to have a good rest.

If the circles appear often enough, then this may not indicate fatigue, but the development of some serious illness. But basically this pathology is eliminated by itself after installation. correct mode day and complete rest.

In addition, if dark spots float before the eyes, it is recommended to do exercises daily, which consists in rotational movements of the eyes.

Treatment

To get rid of spots before the eyes, you first need to find out the root cause of their occurrence. To do this, you need to consult an ophthalmologist with a thorough examination. Having found out the root cause of the appearance of turbidity, he will choose a more appropriate therapy.

In the event that the factor in the occurrence of spots is not associated with the pathology of the eye, the ophthalmologist will advise you to visit the appropriate professional. In each case, when spots appear before the eyes, a doctor's examination is necessary in order to eliminate diseases that can cause development serious consequences up to complete loss of vision.

In most situations, eye spots do not require any treatment. special treatment. Moreover, it often happens that it is impossible to completely get rid of them.

In addition, spots can shrink on their own over time. Such a manifestation is due to the fact that often opacities in the vitreous body partly resolve. After the spots have appeared, it usually takes a couple of months for their size to decrease.

Medical therapy

In cases of severe opacities, it is acceptable to use a resolving treatment for a floating spot in front of the eye. In this case, the ophthalmologist, as a rule, prescribes tablets and ophthalmic drops to the patient, the effect of which is focused on increasing metabolic actions in the vitreous body.

In addition, the doctor is also able to advise taking specialized vitamin and mineral complexes to maintain vision. Such complexes in most cases include the carotenoids lutein and zeaxanthin, omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidants, vitamin E.

It has also been established that a good result is given by physiotherapeutic methods of treatment - color-pulse treatment, phonophoresis, infrasound vacuum massage. Similar procedures make it possible to significantly improve the metabolism in the eye. They help to reduce the number of opacities, as well as increase visual acuity.

Surgery

Surgical intervention in some cases it turns out to be effective. But this method has not found free distribution in the treatment of opacities in the vitreous body. This is mainly due to the prospect of the formation side effects including blindness.

Such surgical methods treatments such as vitreolysis (laser destruction of opacities) and vitrectomy (removal of the vitreous torso) have very few indications.

A good way to deal with stains is to adjust your lifestyle. Stick to the order of the day, get enough sleep, eat more fresh vegetables and fruits, do not strain your eyes for a long period, do exercises for the eyes and let them rest.

In the people, a whitish spot on the eye is called a "thorn". The disease has long been shrouded in various fables and mysticism, but in reality, pathology contributes to a decrease in vision, up to its complete loss.

The reasons

Localization of whitish opacification can be different: cornea, pupils, vitreous body and others. There are few reasons for the appearance of white spots on the pupils and retina. Given the location and purpose of the eyes, many predisposing diseases relate to the nervous and vascular systems, cardiac activity, and the brain.

Leukoma

Normally, the cornea has a convex shape, absolute transparency. Leukoma provokes the transformation of healthy tissue into pathological connective tissue. The area with the altered tissue does not function, changes fibrously, forming a shapeless scar. A leukoma is a shapeless milky-white spot localized on the surface of the eye. The closer the formation is to the pupil, the faster the level of vision decreases. At pathological change there is a tendency to the constant spread of scar tissue.

Flies before the eyes

Flies before the eyes are the result of destruction in the tissues of the vitreous body. Normally, the substance has a transparent structure, a gel-like consistency. The vitreous body is located throughout the cavity of the eye, maintains a spherical shape, is responsible for the elasticity of muscle fibers. Often the pathology is associated with existing vascular diseases, and the transparent structure of the vitreous body changes to connective tissue, becomes cloudy.

The main reasons are:

osteochondrosis of the cervical region;
dystonia of vegetovascular nature;
hypertensive diseases (secondary, primary);
avitaminosis and atherosclerotic changes.

Traumatization of the eye, burns, hemorrhage, traumatic brain injury - all this can affect the appearance of flies before the eyes and white spots on the entire surface of the sclera.

Transformations in the lens

The appearance of white spots on the lens is often a symptom. Opacification of the lens varies from milky to dark gray. Cataract can be congenital or acquired, is a consequence of degenerative processes in the body. Cataracts often affect the elderly, can be eliminated by conservative or surgically. On the advanced stages an operation is performed to remove the affected lens and.

Change in corneal structures

Clouding on the cornea may not affect the visual ability of the patient. Functional transparency of the cornea is replaced by cloudy altered tissue. Pathological process may be local or generalized. With a pronounced spread of turbidity over the surface of the eye, over time, a sharp decline vision.

Turbidity is due to a number of factors:

keratitis;
tuberculosis of any localization;
syphilis:
infectious diseases;
chronic .

Any inflammatory diseases eyes can provoke the development of leukomas (white shapeless spots). injury, chemical burns, exposure to toxins - all this can provoke white spots on the eyes.

retinal transformation

Spots on the retina of the eye are formed when there is insufficient blood supply to its tissues. AT clinical practice pathology is called retinal angiopathy. The disease causes the following conditions:

hypertension (arterial hypertension secondary or primary);
traumatization of any nature (mechanical, thermal, chemical);
vascular atherosclerosis.

Angiopathy can be secondary and develop against the background of diabetes mellitus, hypertension or hypotension. Bad habits (especially smoking) often contribute to the deterioration of blood supply in the retina. Along with the appearance of white dots, patients may experience soreness, decreased visual acuity.

Which doctor should I contact?

When unpleasant symptoms and specks, you should consult an ophthalmologist (otherwise, an ophthalmologist). The specialist will conduct a series clinical research starting with the study of the patient's complaints and his clinical history.

Diagnostics

The main measures in the detection of pathologies with white spots on the eyes are:

determination of the refraction of the eyeball;
Ultrasound of the fundus;
determination of the state of the vessels of the fundus;
definition of the visual field;
measuring the depth of corneal structures;
microscopic examination of the eyeball;
measurement of intraocular pressure.

They also diagnose hidden pathologies, determine the condition visual system generally. Holding diagnostic measures important for appointment adequate treatment and exclusion of other diseases internal organs, systems.

Treatment tactics

If white spots do not cause a pronounced decrease in vision in dynamics, then treatment is not prescribed. Therapeutic tactics are built on the basis of the root cause of the disease:

For cataracts or defective changes in the cornea, surgery may be applied.
In case of inflammation, systemic anti-inflammatory drugs are prescribed or.
When forming scar tissue, absorbable drops are prescribed according to the type of Actovegin, Hypromellose, Korneregel.

An innovative approach to surgical correction performed on professional equipment in many ophthalmological centers. Operations have become available, have an insignificant rehabilitation period. Eyes should not be treated folk recipes, drops of various pharmacological groups without establishing a reason. Before prescribing treatment, you must consult a doctor.

Prevention

The main prevention of the appearance of white spots is aimed at strengthening the structures of the retina. For this, it is necessary to take multivitamin complexes, observe healthy lifestyle life, visit an ophthalmologist at least once a year. With a burdened ophthalmic history, it is important to follow all the doctor's recommendations regarding concomitant diseases eye.

Maintaining eye health is often in the hands of the patients themselves. If the disease occurs, then you should consult a doctor for timely diagnosis and treatment.