Clogged blood vessels what to do. Thrombi, blood clots. Clinical picture of cerebrovascular disease

Almost all heart diseases vascular system directly or indirectly linked to unhealthy diets. The main "mistakes" that patients with such diseases make are the inclusion in the diet of an excessively large amount of protein and food rich in animal fats.

Most often, this leads to the fact that already at 40-50 years old, atherosclerotic plaques form in the vascular system. They, in turn, worsen the speed of blood flow, increase the chance of developing a stroke or heart attack, varicose veins, thrombosis.

2. Alcohol

That's just most of useful trace elements are destroyed during thermal and mechanical processing. That is why various kinds of sausages or sausages do not bring practical benefits - they only give kilocalories and a feeling of fullness. Only needs to be used.

And processed animal fat also becomes harmful - it produces carcinogenic compounds which may lead to the development of cancer in the future.

And also Negative influence these harmful substances on the vessels of the heart and brain is confirmed by research. So, it is better to refuse such meat, giving preference to home cooking.

4. Mayonnaise and similar sauces

Homemade mayonnaise is enough useful product, although it contains a considerable amount of cholesterol (it is found in chicken and quail eggs).

And the one that is offered on store shelves often contains palm oil, saturated trans fats. All these substances in excess provoke the accumulation of low-density lipids., which are extremely willing to settle on the walls of blood vessels.

And there are practically no useful trace elements in such sauces - the same mayonnaise is pasteurized before being sold for long-term storage.

Ketchups, sauces, borscht dressings - all these products are now produced using a similar technology. It is better to refuse them altogether and learn how to cook them at home from natural ingredients(Given that the shelf life of such "dishes" will be only a few days).

5. Margarine

Classic margarine is made using melted and butter(their derivatives). Such a product in moderation is useful for the human body.

But the margarine that is now produced does not bring any benefit to the body at all. You can safely refuse it completely. It is based on palm oil. – vegetable oil, 90% of which is practically not absorbed by the body. And in addition to it - added trans fats that increase the risk of developing cancer.

As practice has shown, daily use at least 50 grams of margarine (in any form, that is, including as ready-made pastries) 12 times increases the likelihood of atherosclerosis.

6. Carbonated drinks

Contain great amount sodium combinations (which, when in excess in the body, act as toxins), as well as sweeteners - carbohydrates, which, at high concentrations, are transformed into lipid compounds.

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Frequent consumption of sugary carbonated drinks (including sparkling mineral water) increases the risk of cholesterol plaque formation even if the level of that same cholesterol is quite low (less than 4 mmol/l).

7. Mechanically deboned chicken

Most often included as an additional component to sausages, sausages. The basis of such meat is chicken skin, which contains a huge amount of cholesterol.

Even when preparing homemade soups, it is recommended to get rid of it. Moreover, it contains even more cholesterol than chicken yolks.

Controversial food

There is a category of products that indirectly provide positive action on the cardiovascular system, but at the same time increase the risk of developing certain chronic diseases. These, for example, include salt, red wine. Why should their presence in the diet be limited?

Dry red wine

On the one hand, it improves blood formation, optimizes the balance of red blood cells. On the other hand, it contains a large amount of carbohydrates.

And also modern technologies production of such wine lead to excessive content of fusel oils in such drinks- they are the most powerful toxins derived from ethyl alcohol.

If you really drink such wine, then rarely and in small portions up to 30 milliliters.

Coffee

Coffee contains plenty of antioxidants- they prevent oxidation healthy cells. And caffeine slightly dilates the vessels of the brain. But at the same time, it increases blood pressure, thereby increasing the load on the heart.

Caffeine itself is a narcotic substance with a powerful somatic effect. Its daily use
in larger doses may increase the risk of developing chronic diseases of the cardiovascular system. And due to the short-term expansion of blood vessels, it can provoke the movement of formed blood clots and blockage of the supply vessels.

At the same time, moderate consumption, which is confirmed by numerous studies.

It is especially dangerous to drink coffee in combination with nicotine - both of these components contribute to the expansion of blood vessels. Over time, this leads to thinning of the walls of the veins, capillaries, which will become pliable to rupture.

Salt

Salt is the largest source of chlorine and sodium. The former is predominantly used in the synthesis gastric juice, sodium - regulates salt metabolism, and the more it accumulates in the body - the more actively the kidneys work and potassium is “washed out”.

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And we should not forget that salt does not carry any nutritional value for humans, but in a small amount is still needed (for normal operation gastrointestinal tract).

Useful video

For a more detailed acquaintance with the topic, we recommend watching the following videos:

Conclusion

Total healthy eating is a guarantee of good health and normal functioning of the cardiovascular system and clean vessels. And some products should still be discarded. First of all, it is store-bought mayonnaise, margarine, which are based on bad fats. The same applies to various kinds of sausages, sausages - in them nutrients practically none, but cholesterol - a lot. And most importantly, follow balanced diet where no food or dish predominates.

Blockage of cerebral vessels is a pathological process in which the blood supply to the brain is disturbed. In pathology, malfunctions are diagnosed various organs and systems, therefore, if a pathology occurs, it is recommended to treat it in a timely manner.

Embolism of cerebral vessels appears in patients under the influence of a number of provoking factors:

• Drinking insufficient water. If a drinking regimen disturbed, the viscosity of the blood increases. This leads to disruption of normal blood flow.
• genetic predisposition. At risk are people whose relatives suffered from the disease.

• stressful situations. With the constant experience of positive and negative emotions, patients develop a disease.
• Addictions. When the body is exposed to nicotine, alcohol and drugs, a person's blood thickens, which leads to an increased risk of thrombosis. When the vessels are clogged, their lethargy, loss of elasticity and the formation of plaques are observed.
• The predominance in the diet of foods that include fats and carbohydrates in large quantities. At malnutrition slags appear in the blood, and plaques appear on the walls of blood vessels.
• Hypodynamia. With insufficient physical activity, a sedentary lifestyle, circulation and free blood flow through the vessels are disturbed.

Pathology is diagnosed in a variety of diseases. At risk are people who suffer from varicose veins. The disease develops in patients with thrombophlebitis. Insufficiency of the blood coagulation function becomes the cause of the pathology. The cause of the disease is atherosclerosis. The likelihood of developing the disease is increased in people with diabetes mellitus or autoimmune vascular changes.

With obesity and impaired metabolism, patients are diagnosed with a disease. During pregnancy, there may be an increase in the level of blood clotting, which leads to illness. It develops if a large amount of substances is released in the patient's body, which leads to blood clots. If a person takes certain medical preparations, then this leads to pathology.

Blockage of cerebral vessels is observed in diseases in the human body and the impact of various provocative environmental factors.

Types and symptoms of the disease

With thromboembolism, which affects the brain, blood clots break away from the place of their formation and clog the lumen of blood vessels. In pathology, the occurrence of oxygen starvation of cerebral cells is diagnosed. Embolization can be arterial or venous.

The first is characterized by rapid development and blocks the lumen in the brain. In the absence of immediate treatment, patients develop an ischemic stroke. Venous embolism has a gradual development and closes the gaps in the veins.

The main symptom of the disease is headache, which has a pressing or bursting character. Pain cannot be controlled with analgesics. The venous form of the disease is accompanied by periodic pain.

The pathological process is accompanied by additional symptoms: hypertension, fainting, impaired consciousness, disorientation in space, drowsiness, loss of consciousness.

With an illness, the patient is diagnosed with the occurrence of weakness and excessive fatigue, even when doing the usual things. If the disease develops in temporal lobe, then this is accompanied by tinnitus and deafness. When the frontal lobe is affected, speech is impaired in patients.

During the examination of the patient, violations of indicators are diagnosed blood pressure. If a person has an arterial form of the disease, then this leads to an increase, and if a venous form, then a decrease. Embolism of cerebral vessels is accompanied by worsening visual function.

Patients talk about the appearance of double vision and impaired visual function. The symptom of the disease is depression and the appearance of fear.

With cerebral embolism, the development of meningeal symptoms in the form of muscle rigidity is diagnosed. Patients experience increased heart rate and cardiac arrhythmia. With pathology, convulsions may appear. It is manifested by hyperthermia and epileptic conditions.

There are many symptoms of the disease. If one or more symptoms occur, a person should seek help from a doctor to diagnose and prescribe an effective treatment regimen.

Diagnostic measures

If a vascular occlusion is suspected, anamnesis and symptomatology assessment is not enough. Therefore, it is recommended to use instrumental methods:

• . This is an X-ray examination, which is used to examine structural elements brain. The method detects the location and size of the pathology.
• Angiography. This is an x-ray examination, which provides an opportunity to assess the quality of filling blood vessels. The method determines the time and sequence of filling the vascular system with blood, places where the blood flow is changed against the background of narrowing or blockage of the lumen channel.

• . It is a full-scale analysis of the structure of brain tissues and blood vessels. The research method determines deviations from the norm, which cause abnormal changes.
• . Patients are recommended to undergo duplex scanning of the cervical and intracerebral canals. Dopplerography is recommended to study the movement of blood in large channels.

With the use of echotomography, deep internal tissues are examined. To examine the blood flow in the intracranial vessels allows transcranial dopplerography.

• Neurosonography. Using this method, the state of the brain and its structure in young children is assessed before the closure of a large fontanel on the head. Through it, a study of the vascular network is carried out using an ultrasound apparatus.

• Rheoencephalography. Allows analysis of the state of the vascular network. The level of elasticity, fullness and patency of blood vessels is assessed.
• Electroencephalography. It makes it possible to check the functional side of the circulatory system in the brain structures.

Diagnosis of the disease should be comprehensive, which will positively affect the effectiveness of treatment.

Features of treatment

Only the doctor decides what to do with pathology. It determines the methods of treatment of the disease. On the initial stages treatment of pathology recommended application drug therapy. Patients are advised to take:

• statins. Treatment of the disease is carried out by Mevakos, Mefakor.
• Vasodilator drugs. In pathology, the use of Cavinton and Actovegin is recommended.
• Simvastatin. Therapy of the disease is carried out with the use of Actalipid, Zocor, Levomir, Vazil.
• Fibratov. When blocking blood vessels, it is recommended to take Clofibrate, Atromid, Atromidin.

• Small. With the help of drugs, anion exchange is provided. For therapy, the use of Cerebrolysin, levocytin is recommended.
• tranquilizers. Patients are prescribed medication for anxiety. Its relief is carried out by Diazepam and Phenozepam.
• Antidepressants. If the patient has encephalopathy or chronic ischemia brain, it requires taking Amitriptyline.

To improve the patient's condition, it is recommended to take antioxidants - vitamins A, C, E, selenium, trace elements, multivitamin complexes. If a person is ill with a disease diabetes or hypertension, then he needs to use drugs to treat them.

With the ineffectiveness of drug therapy in advanced cases, the use of surgical techniques is recommended. Carotid endarterectomy is highly effective. During the operation, the pathologically altered vessel is dissected and the cholesterol plaque is removed.

In order to restore the vascular wall, sutures are applied. Surgery is performed by the surgeon using local anesthesia. One day after plaque removal, the patient is discharged.

For the treatment of the disease using a modern method - angioplasty. This surgical intervention consists in introducing a special tube into the vessel, with the help of which the expansion of the clogged area is ensured. If the patient is diagnosed with blockage of blood vessels, then they are stented.

During the operation, a frame is fixed between the walls of the vessels and the plaque, the material of which is a thin wire. The application of these methods is carried out in an extremely rare cases due to the presence of complications.

Treatment pathological condition requires diet therapy. Patients are strictly forbidden to eat pickled and smoked foods. Sweets, cocoa and chocolate should also be discarded. Salt intake should be minimum quantities. It is recommended to use vegetable oil for cooking.

The human diet should be developed on the basis of grapefruits and seaweed. Eggplants that are steamed will be useful. Before eating vegetables, it is recommended to remove the skin from them. The use of apples, feijoi, gooseberries is recommended.

Proper nutrition will lead to lower blood pressure and cholesterol levels in the blood. To cleanse the vessels, it is recommended to drink in the morning after waking up. hot water in one glass.

Blockage of blood vessels in the brain is a serious pathology that leads to undesirable consequences. When symptoms of the disease appear, the patient is prescribed treatment using diet therapy, drug treatment and surgical methods. The choice of a specific treatment method depends on the severity of the pathology.

If the lumen of the vessel is blocked by particles brought with blood, then it is customary to speak of an embolism or occlusion of the vessels. Is it necessary to clarify how dangerous this phenomenon is for human health? After all, life itself depends precisely on how well the organs and tissues of the body are supplied with blood, supplying them with nutrition and oxygen. If this process is interrupted, even for a short time tissue death is inevitable, and with blockage of the main arteries - and the complete death of the whole organism.

Blockage of blood vessels may also differ in localization. There is an embolism of a large circle of blood circulation, a small one, as well as an embolism of the portal vein.

But no matter what blockage of blood vessels is discussed, it occurs as a result of natural blood flow. In other words, emboli are carried throughout the body by the blood itself, and their origin depends on the type of circulatory circle. So, if we are talking about a large circle, then the source of embolism can be pathological changes in the lungs, the left ventricle of the heart muscle, the arteries that are present here. If we are talking about a small circle, then the pathology should be sought in the veins related to big circle or in the right ventricle of the heart.

Obliterating atherosclerosis - the cause of blockage of blood vessels

Blockage of blood vessels can also be caused by a disease such as atherosclerosis. In this case, we are not talking about introduced particles, the vessels are clogged due to the growth of atherosclerotic plaques in them. Such blockage of blood vessels is called obliteration and leads to a gradually increasing insufficiency in the supply of blood to the organ. In the end, the blood supply to the organ can completely stop and then it will die.

Obliteration of the vessels of the lower extremities is quite common. The risk group for this disease includes women who smoke and men whose age has already approached the 50-year mark. Determining blockage of blood vessels is quite simple. If you experience symptoms of blockage of blood vessels, such as: pain with even minor physical exertion, for example, when walking or running, then this indicates that the narrowing of the arteries does not allow the muscles to be fully supplied with blood and oxygen. This phenomenon is called intermittent claudication. As a rule, it occurs in almost 50% of the older population of the planet.

Blockage of blood vessels - symptoms

If you do not pay attention to this phenomenon and do not start cleaning and restoring blood vessels, then the further progression of the disease can lead to the fact that at first it will become difficult for you to move around. long distances, then go up the stairs or up the hill. Gradually, the skin will begin to turn pale, hair will fall out, and toenails will stop growing.

All of these are serious symptoms of blockage of the vessels in the legs, in the presence of which you should definitely consult a doctor. However, remember that you will not be able to solve the problem of blockage of blood vessels only with medicines. Necessarily for the treatment of blockage of blood vessels will need to be observed necessary diet, which will prevent such phenomena in the future, and in addition, you should move more and play sports to train the veins and blood vessels. And, of course, you must definitely quit smoking if you do not want to remain disabled.

Blockage of blood vessels - treatment

If you have frequent and seemingly unreasonable headaches, the back of your head is squeezed by heaviness, sometimes there are attacks of nausea and even vomiting, then all this may indicate that you are developing vertebral artery syndrome caused by a vessel being pinched by the vertebrae as a result of their displacement. And if you leave all these anxiety symptoms blockage of blood vessels without attention, then this pinching can result in an ischemic stroke, since the signs of the so-called vertebrobasilar insufficiency clearly indicate a violation of cerebral circulation. In addition, squeezing the vertebral artery can lead to such diseases. Like diabetes, neurosis and even dementia, especially if you are in middle age.

Pinched vessels

Causes of pinched blood vessels

The cause of pinched vessels is such a familiar and, it seems, completely frivolous osteochondrosis, in which they degenerate intervertebral discs, and a number of vertebrae become unstable, as the holding them is weakened ligamentous apparatus. How more people moves the head, the more their displacement occurs, and since it is here that the two main arteries that feed the brain are like, this ultimately leads to their spasm, leading to a violation of blood circulation.

It must be said that if earlier osteochondrosis and, as a result, pinching of the vessels of the neck, was observed mainly in the elderly, then recently, like many other diseases, it has become very younger and very young people often turn to doctors for help and sometimes even teenagers. hypodynamia, long sitting at the computer and many other signs of modern life lead to the fact that various disorders and pathologies in the heart and blood vessels are becoming an increasingly common disease.

This pinching of the neck vessel can develop in two ways. The prognosis is more favorable if the disease develops along the angiodystonic pathway. At the same time, although patients experience all the above symptoms, if the treatment is started on time and turned out to be adequate, they will soon completely disappear. It is much worse if the disease begins to move along the ischemic path. In this case, the compression of the vertebral artery is so strong that the consequences are irreversible. We are talking about impaired coordination, partial loss of sensitivity, general weakness.

Treatment of pinched vessels

For the treatment of vertebral artery syndrome or a pinched neck vessel, it is used A complex approach. Of course, the doctor must prescribe medications to the patient that help stabilize blood flow, as well as enhance it. In addition, medications for dizziness, normalization of blood pressure, and anti-inflammatory therapy should be prescribed.

Of course, in without fail spasm of the neck muscles should be eliminated. This can be done both with the help of drug treatment, and with the use of physiotherapy exercises, as well as physiotherapy. As a rule, the treatment of this syndrome is always conservative, surgery is used only in the most extreme cases, when it comes to saving the patient's life.

In the case of properly selected treatment and a regular course of vascular therapy, as well as strict adherence by the patient to medical prescriptions, certain rules safety and lifestyle, as well as constant muscle strengthening, the prognosis of this disease is quite favorable. It must be understood, however, that the syndrome cervical artery refers to chronic diseases, which means that the full course of treatment for pinched vessels will have to be repeated at least annually.

Thrombosis of mesenteric vessels

This term refers to the occurrence of an acute violation of the blood supply to the mesentery, which occurred due to blockage or embolism that blocked the lumen in the arteries or veins that are located here.

Most often, this blockage occurs in superior artery- in almost 90% of cases, however, thrombosis of the lower artery also occurs. Let's talk about it in more detail.

Thrombosis of mesenteric vessels - clinic

This disease is more common in older people of both sexes. Its main causes are atherosclerosis, pyophlebitis, trauma various kinds, or, squeezing vessels of the neoplasm. Various cardiac diseases can also lead to thrombosis of the mesenteric arteries, causing the occurrence blood clots, such as heart attack, cardiosclerosis, arrhythmia or rheumatic heart disease.

The disease begins with the fact that the patient feels intense pain in the abdomen. Moreover, if the superior mesenteric artery is affected, then these pains are concentrated mainly near the navel or in the epigastric region. If vascular thrombosis has struck the iliocolic artery, then the pain will be localized with right side abdomen and resemble acute appendicitis in the clinical picture. The inferior mesenteric artery shows pain in the lower abdomen on the left. The pain may be constant, or it may resemble contractions, as with intestinal obstruction. The patient is forced almost all the time to lie on his back, not moving, pulling his legs up to his stomach.

As a rule, from the very beginning of the disease, the patient is haunted by bouts of nausea and vomiting. Diarrhea is possible, with traces of blood in the stool. The abdomen remains soft and non-painful on palpation, the patient has tachycardia and increased heart rate.

If thrombosis of the mesenteric vessels continues to develop naturally, its clinical picture changes somewhat and begins to resemble paralytic ileus, the abdomen is swollen, there is no peristalsis, there is increased gas formation, and the chair is delayed. The abdomen becomes tense and painful on palpation. If the patient does not receive medical care, then he develops peritonitis.

The fact is that the consequence of thrombosis of the mesenteric arteries is ischemia of the intestinal walls, which leads to destructive changes, up to a heart attack - ischemic or hemorrhagic. Depending on which artery is subjected to thrombosis - the main or secondary, the degree and area of ​​​​necrotic damage to the intestinal loops depends. If the patient is not provided with immediate qualified assistance, death is almost inevitable. An ambulance doctor should establish a diagnosis as soon as possible and deliver the patient to a surgical hospital.

Thrombosis of mesenteric vessels - diagnostics

The main difficulty lies precisely in establishing the correct diagnosis. This disease is very easy to confuse in its initial stage with many other acute surgical diseases of organs located in abdominal cavity, for example, with acute pancreatitis, intestinal obstruction, acute appendicitis or cholecystitis, perforation of a stomach ulcer. To facilitate the establishment of the correct diagnosis, you can use laparoscopy, which sometimes provides invaluable assistance. Radiography with thrombosis of mesenteric vessels, as a rule, does not give an accurate clinical picture until the last stage of the disease, when a picture of paralytic ileus occurs.

Unfortunately, the prognosis of this disease is very unfavorable, and not only because of the complexity of the diagnosis, but also because of the presence of the initial disease, which caused thrombosis of the intestinal vessels.

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Symptoms of circulatory disorders

Depending on the localization of the blocked main vessel, embolism is characterized by very different manifestations. Consider the main symptoms of cessation of blood circulation in the following organs:

• in the legs. There is a sharp loss of sensation of the limb. The foot is rapidly growing in size. The skin is either pale or bluish-red. Blockage of blood vessels causes a violation of the trophism of the deep layers of the tissue of the limb. Due to this, intoxication begins, a local increase in temperature, for more late stages- fever. Embolism in the legs is often accompanied by painful sensations and convulsions even at rest. There may be swelling and heaviness in the legs. Sometimes such symptoms are confused with varicose veins and other circulatory disorders, while ineffective treatment is prescribed;
• brain. The patient begins to suffer from loss of speech or its vagueness. The main symptoms of circulatory disorders are dizziness and pain. Without enough oxygen and nutrients, sensitive brain tissues simply begin to die, irreversible degenerative changes occur in the structure of the organ. Depending on the localization of the lesion, sometimes there is a complete or partial loss of sensitivity or functional abilities of the limb, a decrease in hearing and visual acuity. Treatment of cerebral embolism involves emergency surgery;
• hearts. The cessation of blood circulation in this organ is most often characterized by cardiac arrest, serious rhythm disturbances and other functional problems. The patient may complain of instantaneous sharp pain in the region of the heart. These symptoms of embolism are often confused with heart attacks. Therefore, in order to pick adequate treatment, it is necessary to urgently seek qualified medical help.

Factors provoking the development of the disease

Embolism of the veins or arteries is most often caused by a certain predisposition or concomitant diseases. Provoke blockage of blood vessels in the legs can:

• violation of the integrity of the connective tissue of the veins or arteries. The condition is caused by: purulent-inflammatory processes of various etiologies, infectious diseases of the veins, injuries and unsuccessful surgical interventions. Childbirth is considered a colossal test for the strength of blood vessels in the legs. contractions and prolonged generic activity greatly weaken the muscular frame of the veins and arteries;
• diseases of the blood vessels. Thrombophlebitis, varicose veins, lymphostasis, trophic ulcers are often the culprits of a violation or cessation of blood supply to a certain part of the body or organ. AT advanced stages this can cause embolism of the brain, heart, veins in the legs with a fatal consequence;
• congenital pathologies. Can have different manifestation and very rarely diagnosed;
• increase in blood density. Similar symptoms are observed with dehydration, intoxication, diseases of the endocrine system. high density blood serum causes certain difficulties in its circulation in the legs, is the cause of embolism of the heart, brain;
• increased blood clotting. The condition is caused by changes in the metabolism of microelements and minerals, oncological diseases, genetic congenital pathologies (hemophilia). Drug treatment easily fights this cause. For adequate correction, it is necessary to seek advice from a specialist phlebologist, undergo comprehensive study, biochemical analysis blood, etc.

After it is installed exact reason blockage of veins in the legs or other parts of the body, you can begin to treat the problem with modern methods.

Ways to correct the state

All therapeutic methods for eliminating blockage of blood vessels in the legs are divided into:

• drug treatment. Pharmacology suggests using various anticoagulants and thrombolytics to restore the patency of veins and arteries. The first drugs help to reduce the density of blood serum. Depending on the condition of the patient, the localization of the blockage, the circulation of blood in the affected area, the diameter of the blood vessel, the drugs are injected directly into the site of the lesion (injection) or tablets are taken. It should be remembered that taking medications can provoke the onset of bleeding or heavy discharge during menstruation in women. Thrombolytics have the ability to rapidly break down blood clots inside veins or arteries. There are thrombolytics of artificial origin (synthesized in laboratory conditions) or natural (for example, hirudin is a secret salivary glands medicinal leeches);

• surgery. Urgent assistance in the form of surgery is necessary for embolism of the vessels of the brain, heart and other vital important organs. To restore normal blood circulation in the legs and other organs, various types of shunting and other manipulations are used that expand the lumen, restore blood and lymph circulation. Depending on the localization, operations are carried out under local or general anesthesia. The duration of the operation depends on the location of the problem.

There are also methods alternative medicine, folk recipes and homeopathic potions. But their use without the approval of the attending physician often leads to death. Problems associated with blockage of blood vessels, especially the main ones, always lead to irreparable consequences without proper medical care.

Anxiety Prevention

So that the embolism of the brain, heart and other organs never bothers, it is worth adhering to the simplest preventive measures:

• constantly monitor blood pressure. If there are problems with the cardiovascular system, then it is worth taking measurements several times a day. You can correct the indicators, bring them back to normal with medications recommended by a cardiologist. It is worth recalling that the positive dynamics and effective treatment hypertension, hypotension will come only when the patient adheres to all the recommendations of a specialist;

• control body weight and prevent sharp set weight. Obesity puts a huge strain on the cardiovascular system. To protect the organs from circulatory disorders, it is necessary to prevent an increase in the percentage of fat in the body;
• eat right and balanced. A healthy diet rich in vitamins, microminerals, dietary fiber, will reliably protect the vessels of the brain and heart from pathological disorder blood supply, narrowing of the main main blood vessels;
• engage in physical activity. Hiking or cycling will restore normal blood circulation, help restore strength and elasticity of veins and arteries;
• eat unsaturated fatty acids. They are sourced from various kinds of nuts. sea ​​fish fatty varieties, dairy products, cold-pressed olive or linseed vegetable oil;
• take a contrast shower. Such an elementary and affordable procedure is highly effective. Contrasting temperature drops create an excellent training of blood vessels and increase the elasticity and strength of their walls.

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What clogs blood vessels?

What is occlusion, figured out. Now you need to find out: what blocks the lumen of the vessels in the arms, the arteries in the legs, and what to do?

The culprit of circulatory disorders in any part of the body is an embolus. There are varieties:

• infectious. The inflammatory process is accompanied by the release of purulent exudate. The mass in large quantities blocks the lumen of the arteries of the lower extremities. If necessary, the surgeon performs a puncture to release pus, relieve swelling, and improve trophism;
• fat. The reason is a metabolic disorder. Atherosclerotic deposits block the lumen of the vessel, venous or arterial pathology occurs;
• air. With injuries, wounds, fractures, improper functioning of the lungs, an air bubble enters the vein. Pathology of the circulation of the legs or arms may occur due to improper injection;
• thrombotic. How does the blockage of the veins occur in this case? A blood clot blocks the lumen, causing obstruction in any area. Blood clots are formed in diseases (thrombosis, varicose veins, atherosclerosis, venous insufficiency), metabolic disorders, dehydration or intoxication. Thrombotic occlusion often affects the legs.

Doctors ascertain cases when the lumen was clogged due to congenital anomalies structures of the walls of veins or arteries (aneurysm).

Types of pathology

Depending on the affected area, doctors distinguish:

• occlusion of the brain and neck;
• circulatory disorders in the retina. Pathology occurs in patients older than 45 years;
• problems with the patency of the BPS (femoral-popliteal segment). Suffering from oxygen starvation Bottom part legs;
• occlusion of the heart and lungs. Organ failure develops rapidly, the lack of medical care leads to death;
• circulatory disorders in the pelvic organs occur in women after abortion or during difficult childbirth.

Symptoms

How does vein blockage occur? With a decrease in patency, overlapping of the lumen, characteristic symptoms occur:

• pain. If a small area is blocked, the discomfort is of a dull nature and of short duration. Feelings of a pulsating nature, aggravated by movement or playing sports. If the vessel is affected over a long distance, then the pain is acute. Such a symptomatology of the veins is a reason to contact a phlebologist. If the patency is impaired by a thrombus, it is mobile, then the pain migrates or disappears altogether for a couple of days;

• decreased efficiency, dizziness occurs when blood circulation in the brain or neck is disturbed. Occlusions are common in these areas. Additionally, vision, tinnitus, sleep and memory disturbances fall. These symptoms are a reason for a mandatory visit to the doctor;
• lack of pulse. If tremors of blood are not felt, then this dangerous signal. But the symptom manifests itself only in pathologies of superficial veins and arteries;
• pallor. Violation of patency causes problems with trophism, oxygen starvation, cyanosis. What's this? This is a marble color, peeling, increased dryness skin in the area of ​​pathology. Without therapy, cellular and humoral immunity decreases, the likelihood of thrombophlebitis, trophic ulcers, and gangrene increases;
• paresthesia. What it is? This is a temporary loss of sensation, tingling in the limbs. If you do not take action, then subocclusion, paralysis develops;
• puffiness. It occurs with a superficial lesion, for example, blockage of the veins in the arms or in the lower extremities.

Diagnostics

Violation of patency cannot be ascertained only by symptoms. Phlebologists and vascular surgeons additionally refer the patient for diagnosis. Lower extremity occlusion is determined by:

• functional trials. Methods show the level of patency, the state of the lumen and walls of the veins and arteries on the legs;
• laboratory blood test. With blockage of blood vessels, even in the initial stages, elevated platelets and other factors of blood clotting. Inflammation in the circulatory system signals a change in the leukocyte formula;
• CT and MRI. Modern diagnostic methods are indispensable for blockage of veins. Displays a highly detailed image in different projections on the screen. Thanks to the received photo-image, the doctor examines the pathology, chooses methods of surgical or medical correction;
• dopplerography. How does vein blockage occur? Decreased blood flow. The initial stage of the disease is determined by dopplerography. The screen shows the flow rate and the fullness of the lumen, the condition of the walls and the presence of neoplasms.

After diagnosis, treatment begins. Blockage of blood vessels in the legs responds positively to medications in the early stages, in the later stages it requires surgery.

Treatment

The method of correction depends on the age of the patient, symptoms and comorbidities of cardio-vascular system. Blockage of vital organs leads to insufficiency, requiring immediate hospitalization.

Doctors eliminate the disease:

• at the first stage with medications. Medicines for blockage of veins: anticoagulants, thrombolytics, venotonics and anti-inflammatory drugs. A positive result is given by physiotherapy, massage (if the pathology is superficial). Blockage of the veins of the initial stage includes treatment vitamin supplements and folk ways. But only under the supervision of a surgeon or phlebologist. Otherwise, the blockage of cerebral vessels develops into a stroke or other dangerous conditions;
• on the second connect surgeons and strong drugs. With blockage of blood vessels in the arm, an operation is indicated: bypass, thrombectomy or embolectomy. If the obstruction hit a solid section of the artery on the legs, then prosthetics is possible;
• at the third stage shunting is more often carried out. If the pathology is incurable, then amputation of the affected area and inflamed neighboring tissues is possible;
• at the fourth stage, shunting will provoke complications and death, any drug preparation will not give a result. Therefore, with a neglected and long-standing pathology of the arteries in the legs, the onset of gangrene, an amputation of a part of the limb is carried out. To prevent this, contact your doctor at the first symptoms of impaired blood circulation.

Folk methods

Blockage of veins in the legs recedes from plant extracts, decoctions and tinctures. Directories offer different recipes and everyone can choose according to their taste. How to treat blockage of veins? Enough:

• drink decoctions of figs, horse chestnut, thistle, succession, chamomile officinalis and other plants. For 500 g of water, take 1 tablespoon of herbs, brew in a water bath for 15 minutes. The course of therapy is 1 month. Decoctions are drunk 3 times a day on an empty stomach. After a monthly course, take a break for 4 weeks;
• use a mixture of onions and honey. Natural medicine dilutes the blood, has anti-inflammatory, thrombolytic, anticoagulant properties. Blockage of an artery in any part of the body disappears after a month's course. To prepare the product, take 200 g of honey and onion juice. Stirred and infused at room temperature for 3 days. Then sent to the refrigerator for 10 days. They drink one teaspoon 3 times a day 30 minutes before meals, and even the blockage of cerebral vessels gradually disappears, the symptoms disappear;
• treats leg pain beetroot juice. Therapy is carried out for 2 weeks. In the morning, drink ¼ cup of freshly squeezed juice. The liquid is unpleasant in taste, has a specific aroma. Therefore, add 1 tablespoon of celery juice or honey. In this way, occlusion of the vessels of the lower extremities is most quickly treated in the autumn and winter;
• positive feedback has a mixture apple juice and honey. Traditional medicine specialists promise that the blockage of the heart vessels ceases to bother after several courses. For therapy, take 3 apples, pour a liter of boiling water. Wrap the dishes, leave for 3 hours. After knead the apples in the liquid. The broth is divided into 3 servings, which are drunk per day. 1 teaspoon of liquid honey is added to each dose. Drink from blockage of veins is done daily.

Prevention

Cardiologists, phlebologists and surgeons have developed a set of preventive measures. Recommendations reduce the chances of developing pathology of the veins of the lower extremities. If blockage of the arteries is already present, then the prevention of vascular and vein diseases will remove acute symptoms, speed up recovery, and enhance the effect of drugs.

Preventive measures include:

• quitting smoking and drinking alcohol. Nicotine and ethyl alcohol reduce local immunity, cause blood clotting and blood clots. Therefore, blockage of the veins in the legs in the initial stages or a tendency to illness requires tough measures;
• strenuous physical activity. The result is running or fast walk, swimming, cycling for 30 minutes. If you have never played sports and are sedentary image life, start small: light charging. The main thing is regularity. Then the body will return to normal, and the patency will be restored;
• healthy and balanced diet. Blockage of blood vessels in the legs - a signal improper diet, high content saturated fats and light carbohydrates. So give up bakery products, sugar and sweets, carbonated drinks. Under the ban are sausages, sausages, canned food, pates, pickled delicacies. When a blockage has appeared, or there is a tendency to pathology, then the basis of the diet is vegetables, dairy products and fruits. It is not advisable to completely abandon fats. Unsaturated fatty acid protect against atherosclerotic deposits, patency disorders and thrombosis. So put it on the menu oily fish, seafood, nuts and olive oil;
• normal water balance. Prevention of vascular occlusion of the lower extremities requires at least 1.5-2 liters of water per day. Distribute the liquid evenly throughout the day. But they refuse strong tea or coffee. Drinks are replaced with juices, fruit drinks, compotes.

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Varieties

Occlusion, or blockage of the vessels of the lower extremities, proceeds in different ways. Based on this, in medical practice There are two types of occlusions:

• sharp;
• chronic.

In the first case, there is a complete narrowing of the distance between the walls of the veins of the lower extremities. Acute vascular insufficiency can also be diagnosed.

As for chronic occlusions, they are characterized not by complete, but only by partial narrowing of the lumen. Chronic forms of venous insufficiency are also observed.

Causes of blockage

The human body undergoes several important physiological processes. Blood clotting is one of them. A clot, or thrombus, is the result of sticking together of some components of the blood. Its purpose is to stop bleeding if the skin surface is damaged or the integrity of the membrane is broken. internal organs. If for some reason there is no thrombus formation reaction in the body, hemorrhage often leads to death.

Medical practice distinguishes two types of blood clots:

1. The first type is formed in the arteries of the lower extremities and any other organ and consists of platelets.
2. The second type is the result of the combination of red blood cells and fibrin. Place of origin - veins.

Medical practice knows such a condition as pathological thrombosis. This should be understood as a condition in which a clot forms deep inside the vessels of the legs without contact with the external environment.

Among other mechanisms for the development of blockage of blood vessels, experts note a violation of the integrity of the inner layer of the walls of blood vessels, as well as a violation of blood clotting indicators in the direction of increase.

In patients with diagnosed diseases such as cardiac arrhythmia, aneurysm, atherosclerotic vascular damage, thromboembolism may develop. In this condition, vascular blockage is caused by a thrombus that has migrated from the iliac artery, heart, or abdominal aorta through the flow of blood.

Physicians combine the reasons for the development of blockage in the so-called Virchow triad:

• increase in coagulability;
• violation of the rate of blood flow in the direction of decrease;
• damage to the walls of blood vessels.

Among the causes of intravital development of pathology are:

• diagnosed or undiagnosed atherosclerosis;
• separation of a thrombus formed in the heart and its migration to the underlying arteries.

The following risk factors can also contribute to the development of occlusion of the vessels of the legs:

• bearing and giving birth to a child;
• use of hormonal contraceptives;
• oncological diseases;
• various kinds of injuries;
• the presence of bad habits;
• excess body weight;
• lack of sufficient physical activity;
• long stay in sitting position behind the wheel.

Thrombi formed in the deep veins of the lower extremities in most cases originate in the sural venous sinuses (cavities) located in the deep areas of the calf muscles. Due to the fact that the sinuses are not able to maintain their own tone, the muscles of the lower leg are responsible for emptying them. The more a person moves, the better the venous circulation will be. That is why people who long time are at rest, there is a risk of pathological thrombosis.

The longer there is a violation of the integrity of the walls of the veins, the lower the rate of elasticity of the vessels. The result of all this is the transformation of deep veins into tubes that cannot stretch and, accordingly, prevent reverse blood flow. Against the background of inflammation, acute thrombophlebitis develops.

How to distinguish phlebothrombosis from thrombophlebitis

The two processes that take place in the vessels of the legs have a number of important differences:

1. Phlebothrombosis is a violation of patency in the deep veins, and thrombophlebitis is in the superficial ones.
2. With phlebothrombosis, the risk of developing thromboembolism (a fatal complication of occlusion) is much higher than with the second pathology.

Symptoms of the disease

Vivid, clearly expressed symptoms have a complete blockage of the vessels of the lower extremities. In particular, patients note in themselves:

• the so-called "whiplash" - intense pain that occurs unexpectedly;
• sensation of coldness in the extremities;
• decrease in the brightness of the color of the skin of the legs, in the vessels of which there is a blockage;
• feeling of weakness in the legs;
• lameness
• in the arteries located below the site of occlusion, pulsation is not palpable.

In cases where only partial blockage of the veins of the lower extremities is observed, the clinical picture is not pronounced. It is for this reason that the patient may not suspect that he has a pathology. As the lumen decreases, the following clinical manifestations may appear:

• pain in the limb, which suffers from pathology;
• pronounced swelling of the leg at one point;
• staining of the skin in red or blue;
• muscle compaction;
• the affected limb becomes larger.

The symptoms of blockage of the veins of the lower extremities located close to the surface have the greatest specificity. Clinical picture as follows:

• pain in the area of ​​the vessel with occlusion;
• change in the intensity of the color of the skin just above the affected vessels of the legs (pallor);
• dense formations felt when touched;
• swelling near the damaged vessel.

How is pathology treated?

Regardless of the severity and nature of the course of the disease, it requires correct and timely treatment. In general, tactics involve two directions.

Conservative treatment

In the first case, medications are prescribed according to how pronounced the symptoms are. As a rule, the following drugs are prescribed for treatment:

• painkillers;
• antispasmodics;
• preparations for improving the state of the blood;
• glycosides for the heart;
• remedies for arrhythmias.

Conservative therapy includes:

• bandaging, wearing compression underwear;
• change in diet - restriction or complete failure from spicy, fatty, salty and fried foods, enrichment large quantity fruits, vegetables, replacement of animal fats with vegetable ones;
• the use of venotonic ointments;
• taking tableted venotonics and vitamin P;
• nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Not in all cases, conservative drug treatment gives a positive result. If the attending physician notices that there is a high likelihood of developing life-threatening complications, an examination will be recommended. surgical treatment.

Operation

Some time ago as a method surgical treatment removal of the thrombus was recommended. But today it is increasingly being abandoned in favor of more effective methods:

1. If the patient does not have a tendency to bleed, the doctor may recommend thrombolysis. With this method, the thrombus is dissolved directly in the damaged vessels of the lower extremities. However, there are risks: medicine may cause extensive bleeding.
2. If there are contraindications to thrombolysis, a cava filter is inserted into the vein. This device will not allow a detached blood clot to migrate into deep veins.
3. The revolutionary treatment for occlusion today is the Aspirex Straub and Rotarex probes. They allow you to grind and remove blood clots without harm and risk.

Heredity and injury only occasionally lead to blockage of blood vessels. Much more often, occlusion is a consequence of the behavior of the patient himself. Today, more and more people lead a sedentary lifestyle and malnutrition. That's why the best treatment- prevention.

Diseases of the vessels in the legs - frequent pathology. With it, the functions of arteries, capillaries, vessels of the legs are disrupted. The prevalence of the disease is due to heredity, but more often the way of life in the modern world. The second factor is the most significant, since most people move little, use fashionable equipment, do little footwork, and spend a lot of time at the computer. Another factor is food products that adversely affect the body.

In such conditions, the treatment of obstruction of the vessels of the lower extremities is carried out in a complex of measures, the main thing is that the person himself wants to be cured.

Today in medicine, a number of diseases have been identified that specifically relate to the vessels of the legs. They are determined in patients by certain symptoms.

This group of pathologies primarily includes atherosclerosis, a disease of the leg artery in a chronic form. It develops due to the consumption of fatty foods containing cholesterol. It does not disintegrate, sticks together in lumps on the walls of veins and arteries. Because of this, obliteration is formed - occlusion of the veins of the lower extremities, forcing them to adapt to the newly created conditions, and they begin to search for workarounds past the vessel blocked by a thrombus. The new pathways form small trunks of arteries that the body uses as a special natural shunt.

Vascular occlusion is divided into venous and arterial.

The location of the pathology divides the pathology into:

• occlusion of the mesenteric vessels, which disrupts the circulation of blood in the mesenteric vessels, this leads to intestinal ischemia. Due to thrombosis, changes occur on the walls of the intestine, its nutrition is disturbed, inflammation occurs, leading to obstruction and peritonitis;
• occlusion of the vessels of the head, which develops due to the blocking of the course of the vessel by cholesterol plaques. They gradually increase, do not allow blood to flow freely, the elasticity of the vessels is lost. Violation of blood circulation causes blockage, leads to dysfunctions in the work of internal organs;
• occlusion of the vessels of the legs suddenly blocks the arteries in the periphery, develops ischemia syndrome. It threatens total loss functions of the legs, disrupts the flow of blood. Without receipt useful substances paralysis sets in, tissue dies. These are already signs of gangrene of the legs.

Examination of a person in whom the doctor suspects occlusion of the legs shows the doctor the atrophied muscles of the lower leg. The patient and himself notice that the leg becomes thinner, the volume of muscle tissue is lost. This is clearly seen in the photo of sore legs. Treatment of obstruction of the vessels of the lower extremities begins with an extensive examination.

Diagnosis of pathology

Diseases peripheral vessels are easily found today. Diagnosticians are assisted by the latest technology, which makes it possible to see the very beginning of the pathology.

For installation accurate diagnosis examination by different doctors:

• the therapist palpates the diseased part, evaluates how the connective tissues have changed;
• laboratory technicians perform blood tests for biochemistry, checking the amount and qualitative composition platelets and leukocytes;
• laboratory assistants check blood for lipid content, their fractions;
• the diagnostician performs Dopplerography, showing how the blood moves through the veins, its flow rate;
• the diagnostician conducts blood vessels, determines the stage of development of the disease;
• MRI is performed to clarify all examinations, gives a detailed picture of the disease in several projections.

Important!

During the examination, patients do not have to feel pain, discomfort, and doctors receive full information about the development of pathology, may prescribe treatment for obstruction of the vessels of the lower extremities.

Read also

Causes of blockage of blood vessels

Weak blood flow through the vessels appears in people different ages, on the skin surface of the legs, a change in the direction of the arteries, their tortuosity, expansion is externally visible. Provoke blockage of embolism, thrombosis. Obstruction develops as a result of trauma or mechanical squeezing of blood vessels. Following it, deep veins are clogged, when blood clots - blood clots - stick in the venous lumens.

The provoking factors of blockage of blood vessels are:

• heredity;
• developmental disorders in connective tissues;
• altered hormonal background; concerns women who are pregnant or approaching the threshold of menopause;
• low physical activity;
• big weight;
• taking certain medications;
• age-related loss of plasticity of the vascular walls.

These are the main factors - provocateurs of the onset of vascular diseases in the legs.

We need prevention!

You can avoid the development of many diseases if you live fully, think about health, and do not avoid medical examinations.

Read also

The phlebologist will prescribe a Doppler study of the vessels of the lower extremities and tell you what it is and what it is like ...

Symptoms

Diseases with obstruction of the arteries common symptoms, which can be confused with signs of other diseases. Therefore, the doctor needs to differentiate the symptoms, highlight the dominant signs that confirm the presence of blockage of the veins.

Patients usually complain:

• on both limbs;
• causeless pain in the limbs;
• the appearance of edema at the site of spasms;
• local boost temperature in the areas of the limbs;
• the appearance of pain in the calves during normal walking;
• increased pain with additional loads;
• a person periodically begins to limp;
• legs get tired quickly;
• night cramps occur;
• feet are cold and freeze even on hot days;
• the advanced form of the disease gives dry gangrenous formations in the affected areas.

Most often, occlusion appears as a consequence of varicose veins, when an infection joins.

Attention!

Sometimes, for the first time, a doctor detects a disease at a scheduled physical examination, when a person does not yet think about the appearance of a serious illness in him. Symptoms and treatment are inextricably linked in complex therapeutic measures.

How is vascular obstruction treated?

When a person is diagnosed with vascular disease in the legs, complex therapy begins. Physiotherapeutic measures are used - laser treatment. Turns on physiotherapy aimed at stabilizing blood flow in order to restore its flow in diseased areas of the legs. Recommended to wear elastic bandages, use tonic creams and gels.

Simultaneously with medications, treatment is prescribed folk remedies, reception of infusions and decoctions medicinal plants. A set of measures for the treatment of vascular obstruction of the lower extremities usually gives positive results.

Conservative treatment

Treatment of occlusion is divided into conservative and surgical. The doctor prescribes medicines according to the condition and appearance the affected part of the legs.

Conservative therapy for arterial occlusion includes:

• analgesic injections - Promedol, Diphenhydramine, Morphine;
• means of antispasmodic action - No-shpa, Papaverine, Galidor;
• drugs that prevent the formation of blood clots - Heparin;
• glycosides - Korglikon, Strofantin;
• drugs that regulate the rhythm of heart contractions - Novocainamide.

Conservative treatment includes:

• wearing an elastic bandage;
• a special diet without fatty, fried, spicy, salty foods;
• the use of venotonic ointments - Venitan, Heparin ointment, Lyoton, Troxevasin;
• taking venotonics - Phlebodia, Troxevasin, Aescin;
• taking vitamin P in preparations - Ascorutin, Rutozide, Troxerutin;
• appointment nonsteroidal drugs against inflammation - Diclofenac, Ketanov, Dicloberl;
• the appointment of thrombolytics - Fragmin, Clexane, Warfarin, Singular;
• taking antiplatelet agents - Aspirin;
• taking systemic enzymes - Wobenzym, Phlogenzym.

Given that blockage of blood vessels cause cholesterol plaques medicines used to lower cholesterol:

• statins that block the synthesis of cholesterol in the liver - Simvastatin, Lovastatin, Pravastatin;
• fibrates, which increase the number of lipoproteins, which lower cholesterol. They are prescribed only after consulting a cardiologist - Bezafibrate, Clofibrate, Gemfibrozil, Fenofibrate, Cilostazol - Pletal;
• nicotinic acid, expanding blood vessels- the drug Enduracin;
• agents that block the adhesion of atherosclerotic plaques - Colestipol, Probucol, Guarem, Lipostabil, Benzaflavin, Eikonol;
• drugs that improve its rheological properties in the blood - Heparin, Warfarin, Aspirin in a small dosage, Clopidogrel;
• medicines to improve blood microcirculation - Pentoxifylline, Trental, Curantil.

Inpatient treatment consists of:

• infusion intravenous administration of Reopoliglyukin with Novocain in alternation with Trental or Pentoxifylline for Phys. solution;
• alternate with Potassium chloride, Analgin, Diphenhydramine, Riboxin, Ascorbic acid, Magnesium sulfate. Well infusion treatment- 20 days.

At the same time, drugs for intramuscular injections are prescribed:

• Papaverine + A nicotinic acid- 10 days;
• Actovegin - 10 days.

If there is a history of diabetic, Sulodexide is additionally prescribed 2 times a day, for 30-40 days, taken between meals.

Outpatient treatment includes:

1. Trental or Pentoxifylline, 2 times a day, the course is a month.
2. Cardiomagnyl, 1 time per day, constant intake.
3. Vessel Due, 1 t 2 times a day.
4. Actovegin, preferably in injections.
5. Nikoshpan, 1t 2 times a day.
6. Vitamin E, 2 capsules 2 times a day.

When processing skin lesions prescribed Curiosin in powders. After cleaning open wounds the edges are recommended to be treated with ointments Actovegin, Solcoseryl. Courses conservative treatment it is recommended to repeat 2 times a year, in the spring and autumn months.

If a conservative therapy does not bring the desired result, or there is a possibility of complications, doctors come to the need for surgical intervention.

Operation

To treat with operations is not an easy question, because it affects circulatory system. However, a council of doctors chooses surgery if conservative therapy does not give positive results and threatens to cause unwanted complications.

When an artery is occluded, a direct or indirect embolectomy is performed:

• direct embolectomy. With this method, the vessel is exposed at the site of the embolism, the ends of the vessel are clamped. It is then dissected above the embolus, at the site where the vessel has changed lumen or direction. This method is not always applicable, because the site of the embolism is sometimes inaccessible;
• indirect embolectomy. It is divided into orthograde, in which the catheter is inserted along the blood flow, and retrograde, when the catheter is inserted against the blood flow. A catheter is inserted at the site of the embolism to aspirate the mass of the thrombus. Today, a special embolectomy catheter has been developed, which is a thin tube with one pointed end, and the other end is equipped with an inflatable balloon. The catheter is inserted into the lumen of the vessel, passed through the embolus, then the balloon is inflated, and the catheter is carefully removed from the vessel along with the embolus.

With occlusion of venous vessels, other operational measures are carried out:

• sclerosants are injected into the lumen of the vein;
• thrombectomy is performed with an endoscope;
• when indicated, a venectomy is performed;
• of modern techniques, radiofrequency obliteration of veins is used;
• another new technique - endovenous coagulation is performed with a laser;
• ligation of superficial veins;
• installation of cava filters.

Interesting!

The task of surgeons in carrying out surgical treatment of occlusions by any methods is to restore the passage of blood through the arteries, in case of vein occlusions - to prevent thromboembolism, as a complication of a disease affecting the pulmonary artery.

ethnoscience

Of the recipes of phytotherapists, the most common and effective are:

1. Infusion peppermint. Manufacturing technology: 1 tsp. herbs pour a glass of boiling water, cover, leave warm for 20 minutes, then drain. Application: drink the infusion in the morning, ½ hour before meals. The course is several months, without interruptions.
2. A mixture of cranberries with honey. The ingredients are taken to taste, there is a mixture of 1 tbsp. l. 3-4 times a day.
3. Morse from blueberries. Attention: no sugar is added. Drink fruit drink 1 glass a day.
4. Infusion aspen bark. Preparation: put crushed 3-4 tbsp in a thermos. l. bark, pour boiling water, leave overnight. Application: drink 30 g 3-4 times a day, regardless of food intake.

Folk remedies do not allow blood clots to stick together, return strength and plasticity to the vascular walls. In complex therapy, the use of any agent for folk recipes should be agreed with the attending physician.

The floor is given to our expert, chief researcher of the Research Institute of Cerebrovascular Pathology and Stroke, Russian National Research Medical University. N. I. Pirogov of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor Vladimir Lelyuk.

On a powder keg

It is generally accepted that atherosclerotic plaques are fatty formations, which eventually form on the walls of the arteries, reducing their patency, and one day may stop the blood flow altogether. In fact, plaques are rather complex formations inside vascular wall, but in fact - living "organisms" that have their own blood supply.

Why the growth of ill-fated plaques begins, a definite answer has not yet been found. Atherosclerosis is a complex condition that depends on many factors. Both heredity and gender matter (in men, atherosclerosis develops at an earlier age), and lipid metabolism disorders, and bad habits(especially smoking), and serious diseases such as diabetes and hypertension.

Over time, the plaque can become fragile, defects can occur in its cover, on which, as on any wound surface, plasma proteins fall out, and as a result, blood clots form - an accumulation of cells, mainly platelets (blood elements involved in the clotting process. - Ed.).

Thrombus sizes can vary. Obstructing normal blood flow, they doom a person to many serious problems. But the worst thing happens when a thrombus reaches a size comparable to the lumen of the vessel and completely covers it, or when small blood clots (emboli) break off and, together with the blood flow, enter the distal arteries, leading to the development of ischemia or the death of tissue sites (myocardial infarction, kidney, spleen, stroke, limb ischemia). The embolus can also be in the system of mesenteric vessels that supply the intestines, causing necrosis of one of its sections, followed by peritonitis.

Fortunately, such a development of events can be prevented. The main thing is to do it on time.

Find and neutralize

Damage to the endothelium lining the inner surface of the vessels can occur in any department bloodstream. However, most often the target for a dangerous process is large vessels. These include:

Carotid artery

What is dangerous: The possible development of a stroke and the loss of part of the functions (speech, movement, etc.).

How to detect plaque: Most available method- ultrasound duplex scanning of the carotid artery. Another way is to do magnetic resonance or computed tomography angiography.

coronary arteries

Ischemia symptoms: Its true sign is angina pectoris, an attack of retrosternal pain that occurs during physical or psycho-emotional stress in response to an increase in the demand of the heart muscle for nutrition and oxygen. By the way, much more often with angina pectoris, there is a burning sensation, discomfort, compression in the chest, behind the sternum, and even in the esophagus. There are also atypical cases when angina is manifested by pain under the left shoulder blade, in the left hand. Often, angina pectoris is mistaken for heartburn and they are tried to be relieved by taking soda or antacids.

The most dangerous is the painless form of angina pectoris. At the same time, a person may feel quite normal and not suspect about high risk myocardial infarction.

What is dangerous: Possible development of acute coronary syndrome, heart attack, sudden cardiac arrest.

Interesting

If signs of myocardial ischemia are detected, coronary angiography is indicated. This method gives an idea of ​​the nature and distribution of the narrowing of the coronary arteries, and also allows you to assess how dangerous the situation is and what method of restoring the patency of the lumen coronary vessels makes sense to use.

This unsafe procedure also has a non-invasive (without tissue penetration), although less accurate alternative - multispiral computed tomography angiography.

Vessels of the legs

Ischemia symptoms: Pain on exertion (climbing stairs, running, and sometimes just walking). So strong that a person is forced to stop. Depending on the load at which pain occurs, the degree of limb ischemia is assessed.

What is dangerous: The development of thrombosis and a complete violation of the patency of the artery with the formation of a potentially life-threatening condition - gangrene (necrosis of limb tissues).

How to detect plaque: The vascular bed of the legs is clearly visible when ultrasound examination. In some cases, multispiral computed tomography or magnetic resonance angiography may also be used.