What are the contraindications for the installation of dental implants. Dental implantation contraindications and possible complications. Examination of the patient before implantation of teeth

Human teeth are not restored. If a person has lost a tooth, then it is desirable to install a prosthesis in its place. You can, of course, do without a prosthesis, but in this case, the bite will be disturbed, which will negatively affect facial features. In addition, chewing function will be seriously impaired, and this, in turn, will lead to digestive problems.

For a long time, there was no alternative to lamellar prostheses and fixed bridges. People were forced to put up with their shortcomings. Everything changed with the release of dental implant technology to the masses.

Implantation allows you to quickly and, most importantly, reliably replace lost teeth. The essence of the procedure is the introduction of a special implant into the jaw in place of the lost tooth, acting as a root for abutment and crown.

Implantation is a rather complicated operation, therefore, in without fail performed under local or mixed anesthesia. Dentists select the type of anesthesia solely taking into account the amount of work performed, physical condition patient and his mental health.

Often implantation is supplemented bone grafting, which makes it possible to guarantee secure fixation of the implant in the jaw.

Advantages of implants over traditional dentures

The new method of restoring the dentition has the following advantages:

In the traditional replacement of a lost tooth with a bridge, patients have their adjacent teeth ground down so that abutment crowns can be attached. This is not required for implantation. In addition, the crown screwed onto the implant never presses on the gums as is often the case with traditional prosthetics.

Due to the fact that implants are made of titanium, they not rejected by the body. The cost of implants is slightly higher than traditional bridges, but they last much longer. Moreover, a person with implants may not limit himself in food.

Types of dental implants

In modern dental clinics Dental implantation is carried out in two main ways.

Classic implantation. This option for implant placement involves the installation of a titanium post a few months after tooth extraction. At the same time, the process of implantation of the implant takes an average of 3 months for the upper jaw and 2 months for the lower jaw.

After the implant is securely fixed in the bone, a crown is screwed onto it. The implant can also be used as an accurate bridge support.

One-stage implantation. This method allows you to solve the problem with a missing tooth in virtually one visit to the dentist. During one visit, the patient has a tooth removed and an implant, an abutment and a temporary crown are immediately placed in its place.

Immediate implantation is the most popular, as the patient avoids psychological discomfort. In addition, such implantation is less traumatic.

Indications for implant placement

As mentioned above, it is impossible to ignore the gaps in the dentition, especially when it comes to the frontal group. After the loss of a tooth, the neighboring ones begin to shift to the vacant side.

As a result, the gaps between the teeth become larger and larger. In the interdental spaces, food residues begin to get stuck. As a result, this will lead to the appearance of caries and periodontitis.

Due to the fact that the load on the bone in the area of the lost tooth decreases, the body begins to utilize unclaimed bone tissue. If not one tooth is lost, but several, then such disposal will quickly lead to a serious distortion of facial features. It turns out that the main indications for implantation are: missing teeth and adentia of the jaw.

Contraindications for implant placement

From the foregoing, the reader may form the opinion that dental implantation perfect option for all people. Actually not. This procedure has enough large list of contraindications, which are divisible by five large groups: absolute and relative, general and local, temporary.

It is important to know that the main contraindication to the installation of implants is age. Dentists do not undertake to implant teeth in people under 22 years old. This is due to the fact that the bone structures of the body of young people continue to form and grow.

Therefore, to restore the dentition in people under 22 years of age, one has to resort to traditional methods of prosthetics.

Absolute contraindications

Such contraindications got their name for a reason. They mean that it is impossible to install an implant in principle, since there is no technical possibility or there is a danger of developing a serious complication. Absolute contraindications are:

Relative contraindications

Such restrictions imply that implantation can only be carried out if the certain conditions. This is about proper preparation patient and the correct choice of implantation method. Relative contraindications are:

General contraindications

This group of restrictions includes:

Please note that some general contraindications are temporary. That is, if necessary, the patient can correct the state of his body so that it becomes possible to install implants.

In particular, you can temporarily refuse to receive medicines that affect immunity and blood clotting, cure infectious diseases etc.

Local and temporary contraindications

These include any inflammatory processes in the oral cavity and dental diseases. Dentists refuse to install implants in the following cases:

As a rule, after the elimination of the above obstacles, implantation is carried out.

Temporary contraindications. Here we are talking about contraindications to the installation of implants, which are relevant only for a limited period. These include:

The state of pregnancy. Pregnant women are prohibited from taking medications that provide better engraftment of implants. They also cannot be anesthetized.
acute viral and respiratory diseases: influenza, acute respiratory infections, etc.
The period of rehabilitation after radio and chemotherapy. Before implanting teeth, you need to wait until the body recovers from exposure.

As you can see, there are many and varied contraindications to the installation of implants, so the decision to implant or refuse can be made. accept only the attending physician.

As you know, dental implantation is a process of restoring teeth lost for any reason by introducing an artificial root into the jawbone, on which a crown or prosthesis will be installed in the future. These artificial roots are called implants and are a structure made in the form of a screw. Implants can be made from either titanium or zirconium. Currently, there are a number of different different features implants.

Thus, implantation is optimal way restoration of a tooth for each person. But here many people have a question - what are the indications and contraindications for the installation of dental implants? Now we will try to answer this question.

And so, first of all, I would like to acquaint you with the actions and activities that are carried out before the operation to restore teeth by implantation.

Surely many of you know that one of the most important stages of implantation is the stage of planning and preparation, since it is on this stage the presence of contraindications for dental implants in the patient is determined.

The doctor who will perform the implantation must study the patient's medical history in detail, as well as conduct all the necessary examinations and examinations in a timely and high-quality manner. In addition to a blood test taken from a patient, it is also necessary to do panoramic shots top and mandible using special templates with regular-sized radiopaque pins fixed in them. This is necessary to determine the features of anatomical formations.

In some cases, the doctor may also need:

Separate pictures of the jaw,
Biopotentiometry of oral tissues,
Determination of the thickness of the oral mucosa and the width of the alveolar region of the patient's jaw.

And so on this moment The main indications for dental implants are:

Missing one or more teeth for any reason
Complete adentia, that is, the absence of all teeth
Discomfort (pain) when using prostheses
Suspension of the process of resorption of the jawbone in a place where there is no tooth, and accordingly there is no load on the bone

Contraindications to dental implants, as a rule, are determined based on information about what disease the patient was previously exposed to, the results general examination patient, information regarding the psychological and emotional state of the patient. Contraindications to the use of dental implants can be absolute and relative.

Chronic diseases such as rheumatism, diabetes, tuberculosis, diseases inflammatory nature oral mucosa, for example, stomatitis. Implantation is not performed for such diseases, since the patient has a rather low ability to heal wounds, which also disrupts the engraftment of the implant.
Diseases in one way or another related to the blood and hematopoietic organs. The operation is prohibited, since when the implant is inserted, the patient may begin to bleed.
Diseases nervous systems s.
Diseases of the skeletal system, during which its restorative abilities are noted.
Oncological diseases (tumors).

Relative contraindications for dental implants include:

Pregnancy and the period of feeding a child with milk (lactation).
The patient has bruxism (subconscious regular grinding of a person's jaws).
Individual features of the jaw, which exclude the possibility of a dental implant. As a result, it is first necessary to carry out reconstructive operations on the jaw. Such situations occur with atrophy bone tissue, in the presence of impacted teeth, with a close location of the maxillary sinuses.
Diseases associated with the temporomandibular joint.
Violation for any reason of oral hygiene in a patient.
The patient has already implanted foreign bodies elsewhere, such bodies include: implants, heart valves, wires, screws, artificial joints made of metal, plates, wire sutures, pacemakers, wires, etc.
Precancerous diseases of the oral cavity in a patient.
Violation of the bite, which in turn leads to increased abrasion of the teeth.
The patient has periodontitis.

Implantation is an excellent solution to the problem of missing teeth. It can solve almost any problem that has arisen, in contrast to the removable and non-removable type of prosthetics. But it also has a number of disadvantages, one of which is that it is not possible for all patients. Like any medical operation There are indications and contraindications for dental implantation. Depending on the combination of both, the doctor chooses whether you can perform the procedure or not.

Important: Therefore, before proceeding with the procedure, it is necessary to study all the pros and cons.

In order to find out about the limitations, the doctor needs to have a conversation with the patient. Examine the cavity and evaluate its condition. An x-ray would be helpful. A more accurate picture is given by blood tests - general and biochemical. If necessary, a consultation of other specialists and an ECG is carried out.

Based on the results obtained, the doctor concludes that the operation is prohibited and may advise to stop on traditional method prosthetics.

They can be divided into: absolute (in which the procedure is not even considered) and relative (can be carried out after treatment).

Absolute, which it is advisable to replace with removable or permanent dentures:

diabetes mellitus, which has an unstable form,
AIDS and HIV infection,
general ailments of various body systems, especially the nervous system, resulting in an inadequate response to treatment,
tuberculosis in its various stages,
muscle hypertonicity and bruxism,
contraindications to anesthesia,
blood disease associated with a violation of blood clotting,
systemic connective tissue disorders,
malignant tumors of various body systems.

diabetes mellitus in a state as close to normal as possible, which requires careful monitoring by a doctor,
weakened immune system
various dental diseases
marginal periodontitis,
bad habits and pregnancy,
malocclusion,
temporomandibular joint disease,
poor quality care.

general bans on surgical operations,
ban on anesthesia
the presence of somatic ailments that can respond with a reaction after implantation,
pre-treatment, which is able to react to engraftment and wound healing,
mental abnormalities, when the patient's reaction is unknown,
severe stress, which can be caused by various factors,
exhaustion,
poor hygiene.

propensity for poor care,
on the jaw bone it is impossible to carry out the procedure,
risky distance to nerve endings, sinuses and alveolar process.

1. Acute form of the disease.
2. The process of recovery and rehabilitation.
3. Pregnancy.
4. Less than a year after exposure.
5. Drug addiction.

On a note: Despite such an impressive list of prohibitions, it should be noted that only a small part of them is an indicator of the impossibility of the procedure.

For example, such an indicator as age is only a restriction on the use of certain species, but by no means a final ban.

Among the indications for their use are:

loss of one element,
loss of several nearby
complete destruction with the preservation of its root - this is an opportunity to carry out a one-time restoration procedure,
loss of teeth throughout the jaw,
loss of extremely valuable
complete loss,
various allergic effects for removable dentures.

Before proceeding with the procedure, it is worthwhile for the doctor to conduct a diagnosis. And if restrictions are found, then it is necessary to carry out preliminary treatment.

The procedure itself will cost within 25,000 rubles, and if treatment is necessary, the cost will consist of the sum of the price of the implant and preliminary treatment.

Previously, adults who lost their teeth had no alternative - they had to do without them or use false jaw or pins. The preparation procedure for wearing removable dentures was extremely painful, and the dental equipment inspired genuine horror. Today innovative technologies Dentistry has also been touched; dental implantology is being practiced in full swing in the world. The only obstacle possible contraindications to dental implantation, which must be strictly observed.

Implants are so optimized for requests and feedback modern man that almost everyone in need wants to put them. But doing this is not as easy as we would like. Possible complications too serious to be dismissed.

successful operation and postoperative rehabilitation completely depend on the solution of all contraindications and their number. Some doctors refuse to perform implantation in case of deviations that do not fit into the category of permitted items.

List all possible complications without going into medical terminology, it is impossible, but submit a submission - please. The first criterion that surgeons of maxillofacial therapy consider before implantation is the psycho-emotional mood of a person. If the patient experiences doubts and uncertainty, then better implantation set aside teeth, all actions will be to the detriment.

The most common contraindications to implantation are blood and heart diseases.

dental condition,
mucosal plaque,
the presence of caries or gingivitis,
jaw x-ray,
determination of the thickness of the alveolar area of the gums.

The dentist determines the course of preoperative measures, the main purpose of which is to reduce the significance of contraindications and thereby make dental implantation more promising.

Correction of contraindications is possible if they are relative, i.e. do not represent big problem and are treatable. However, if the contraindications are absolute, the risks of dental implantation should be weighed more carefully, as they may appear after surgery in the form of serious complications. More often, dental doctors refuse to operate on a patient with absolute contraindications to dental implantation.

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The most common contraindications are blood and heart diseases. They are at the top of the list:

disorders of hematopoiesis and blood,
oncology,
heart failure,
mental health disorders,
pathology of bone and connective tissues,
immune system ailments
diabetes and tuberculosis
endocrine diseases,
osteoporosis,
age,
problems with the peripheral and nervous systems,
bruxism, excessive tone of masticatory muscles,
venereal diseases,
intolerance to anesthetics.

When metabolism is disturbed, hormonal disbalance which does not allow implants to take root. The processes taking place in connection with bone formation also negatively affect dental implantation.

When the metabolism is disturbed, a hormonal failure occurs, which does not allow the implants to take root.

More gentle - relative contraindications:

malocclusion,
gingivitis,
bad habits,
pregnancy and breastfeeding,
periodontitis,
anatomical features of the structure of the jaw.

These obstacles can be removed or a dental implant consultation can be re-advised after a certain waiting period, as in the case of recent chemotherapy, after which surgery cannot be performed immediately.

There are many more rules that must be followed. For example, it is advisable for smokers to quit a bad habit for a couple of weeks before implantation. You should not take blood-thinning drugs for at least a week before surgery, you should be more careful about oral hygiene. And, although pregnancy is not an absolute contraindication, the event should still be postponed for postpartum period- it will be safer for the fetus, there is no need to once again expose it to the influence of anesthesia.

Common incompatible contraindications to implants are the following factors:

stress,
exhaustion,
somatic disorders,
allergic reactions,
taking antidepressant medications.

Physical parameters are evaluated individually - the doctor decides whether there is enough bone tissue in the place where the implant should be placed, and whether the distance from the nose to the nose is enough. maxillary sinus What are the general contraindications for dental implants. The specialist, using tests, checks whether there are acute chronic diseases whether the patient is addicted to drugs or alcohol.

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Dental implantation is actually a complex operation, but if successfully completed, the result exceeds all expectations. Implants are virtually indistinguishable from healthy teeth. And, although there are a great many contraindications, most of them are surmountable, provided that there is a preliminary medical examination and treatment.

When should implants be placed? If the entire row is missing, one tooth, there are some defects, it is impossible to use removable dentures and the increased abrasion of enamel interferes with life. Also, implantation is indicated for poor jaw closure and uneven bite.

In any case, after deciding to have dental implants, the most important step is to choose a professional qualified specialist about which they go positive reviews. Dental implantation is not a matter of one day, a specialist must examine the oral cavity and the more carefully he does this, the greater the likelihood of a successful operation.

Often, after dental implantation, a lot of health takes a period of rehabilitation. The temperature rises, appears on the seam white coating, cheeks swell, the face acquires a certain asymmetry. There is a pulling pain. These signs are among the most expected consequences of the operation, complications are eliminated through a course of antibiotics prescribed by the dentist.

If the patient experiences doubts and uncertainty, then it is better to postpone dental implantation, all actions will be harmful.

Implant mobility is also likely - here, perhaps, there is a doctor's mistake, who underestimated the features of the connective tissue. That is, dental implantation always takes place individually, for someone it is painless and successful, for someone the implant does not take root for a long time, the teeth hurt, and the body temperature rises, inflammatory processes begin. If the situation develops in this way, then you need to either complain about the dentist, or about your own body characteristics.

Complications are also possible during the operation. It is still a surgical intervention and there is a risk here. Although rare, they do happen:

soft tissue damage,
perforation of the nasal cavity,
perforation of the maxillary sinus,
violations of the alveolar canals,
facial nerve damage
overheating of the bone
bleeding.

Dental implantation has been practiced for a long time, during which its high technology has tripled. Today they do not use terrible equipment that can terrify with its very appearance.

It is worth choosing a dentist more carefully and not looking at the price list, relying on the positive feedback from customers.

Now, before the operation, they carefully prepare, preparing the patient's jaw for gentle intervention and experienced hands of the dentist. Pain has become almost taboo - every clinic uses powerful painkillers, calling them local anesthesia.

How is dental implantation performed? An incision is made in the gum, a rod is inserted into this socket, which will subsequently imitate the root. After the implant has taken root, a ceramic crown is placed on the titanium rod. The whole process takes place under the close supervision of a dentist.

It is important that the specialist pays a lot of attention to each case, then negative reviews and unnecessary complications will bypass him. The work must be done to a high standard European standards so that colleagues do not have to redo it.

In modern dental therapy, dental implantation is one of the most expensive services. Budget options not yet. Since implants are durable, their price greatly exceeds the cost of removable dentures. Expensive, but justified. In the price list, prices range from 20 thousand rubles to 50 thousand rubles, depending on the complexity of the case and the patient's personal card.

Contraindications for dental implantation are numerous, but most of them are reparable. The success of the operation largely depends on the surgeon, his assessment of the patient's health and qualifications. The patient himself must also strictly follow the recommendations of the dentist, otherwise some complications are likely.

Within a year after the operation and a few weeks before, a person who puts implants in himself should take double care of oral hygiene, restore dental health and eat hard, not forgetting about vitamins.

Currently, there are over 2000 systems in the world for dental implantation. All systems can be divided into 3 price categories: economy, business and luxury.

To implants economy class includes most implantation systems Russian production. However, their rather low price does not justify their quality at all. The percentage of failure of these implants is higher than the same percentage of implants in other categories.

A well-known manufacturer of luxury implant systems is the company Astra-tech. However, the cost of this type of implants is very high, and not everyone can afford to install such implants. However, they can always find an alternative. So business-class implantation systems are practically not inferior to them in quality, and their price is several times less.

Luxury implants include the brand Astra Tech (Sweden). The company is the leader of the Scandinavian implant production market, with branches of the company operating all over the world. Astra Tech has been manufacturing medical equipment since the 1940s. The latest developments in the field of healthcare are combined with the accumulated experience of clinical research.

The Astra Tech implant system has several differences from systems from other manufacturers. These differences allow you to provide your artificial teeth with an additional "margin of safety", as well as an impeccable appearance.

Titanium rods have a special surface OsseoSpeed™ with micro-roughness. It stimulates bone growth and accelerates healing, thanks to which Astra Tech is fixed in the jaw earlier and stronger than implants from other manufacturers. Numerous clinical observations show that OsseoSpeed in most cases, it allows simultaneous implantation with tooth extraction and immediate loading of the implant. This means that the time of acquisition full tooth significantly reduced for you.

Attaching the implant and abutment Conical Seal Design™ provides a stronger connection of these elements. Micro-leaks and micro-displacements between the implant, abutment and prosthesis are practically excluded. Conical Seal Design also simplifies and speeds up abutment placement. The elements are self-guiding, so there is no need to take an extra x-ray to check the position of the abutment.

Implants have different threads at the bottom and top. Top part The stem is covered with finer MicroThread™ threads. It reduces the risk of damage to the edges of the bone and soft tissues - accordingly, your gums will look like the gums of a healthy tooth.

microthread and Conical Seal Design distribute the load on the implant in a special way. Due to these elements, the permissible load increases up to 3 times!

A wide range of compatible rods and abutments allows you to solve almost any clinical problem.

Recent scientific achievements have allowed dentistry as a separate scientific practice to perform previously unthinkable operations. One of these operations was dental implantation, which even no one knew about just 15 years ago. AT modern dentistry dental implants take far last place, because thanks to it, it became possible to restore a single tooth with the help of implants, as well as several teeth in a row or even the entire jaw.

What are implants and what are they made of?

Implants are the most effective replacement for a lost tooth, which is implanted into the gum bone. There are several advantages to the implant: firstly, during implantation, replanning in development neighboring teeth can be avoided, while maintaining the functionality of the entire dentition. Secondly, implantation is used in case of need to install a fixed prosthesis. Naturally, a fixed prosthesis is much better in a functional and aesthetic aspect than a conventional removable prosthesis design. Thirdly, the creation of additional support for prosthetics.

Implants are made of highly durable materials approved for use in medicine. The design of the implant consists of two parts: a support in the form of a steel rod, on top of which the abutment is attached. The abutment is a special link between the rod and the denture.

How does a dental implant procedure work?

Before describing the procedure of dental implantation step by step, it is worth understanding one thing. important thing- the whole implantation operation artificial tooth quite long and passes with painful sensations, but in the field of all this you will be able to admire your new snow-white smile in all 32 teeth. The main stages of implantation:

Stage 1. Preparation. Includes examination of the dentition, surface preparation, informing the patient about the features of the operation.
Stage 2. Sinus lift, which is carried out in case of need to raise the height of the gum bone.
Stage 3. The implant is placed in the gum.
Stage 4. Installation of the abutment.
Stage 4. The process of wound healing, which takes approximately seven to ten days.
Stage 5. Prosthetics.

What are the contraindications for implantation?

There is a list of contraindications applied to implants:

General or local
temporary or chronic
Relative or absolute.

Implants are a concern for the health of patients, while providing highly qualified assistance in the treatment, prevention and restoration of the dentition.

The method of implant-supported prosthetics is popular at the Stomatolog11 clinic in SAO. Experienced dentists are waiting for you individual approach for each patient, as well as affordable prices for services and operations.

An advanced method of installing dentures on implants allows you to return a healthy smile to the patient in short time, painlessly, using advanced equipment. It's about about innovative methodology prosthetics, without reliance on healthy teeth. This type of prosthetics will restore the dentition completely even for patients with a small amount own teeth, the procedure is also suitable for those people whose teeth condition does not allow mounting on removable structures.

Implant-supported prosthetics, justified by a radiant smile and patient comfort, are recommended in the following cases:

implantation of one tooth (installation of the structure will be one-time or in a couple of stages),
implantation of several teeth located next to each other (installation of a bridge supported by two screws),
installation of two or more teeth in different places dentition.

preparation of healthy teeth and tissue is not required,
teeth are not used as a support, as it happens with standard prosthetics,
the main role in the process of prosthetics is given to the titanium screw, which replaces the root of the tooth, - adjacent teeth will not suffer from additional load, and their absence, all the more, will not interfere with the implantation of new teeth,
The main advantage of implant-supported prosthetics is the installation of new dentures, even in the outer dentition.

In our clinic in Moscow, implant-supported prosthetics are carried out using modern equipment, using innovative techniques.

The staff of our clinic will provide qualified assistance in areas of interest. Dentists are highly experienced and highly qualified.

If you have previously applied to another clinic and have not resolved your issue with your teeth, call right now. The doctor on duty will agree on the time of the first visit, at the consultation after the preliminary examination, the dentist will tell you in detail about the possible options for prosthetics.

If you successfully agree and choose a course of treatment, you will not have to wait long in line - you will be able to start prosthetics in the near future.

The generally available cost of dental prosthetics based on implants will allow you to choose the best design option. At the appointment, the dentist will diagnose the condition of the dentition, offer an algorithm for prosthetics and calculate the preliminary cost of treatment.

implant placement,
installation on the jaw of a structure based on implants with fastening on metal paws-staples.

Read more: Dental implantation - cost and description, contraindications and pregnancy, reviews and prices.

1. Installation of a dental implant
(including X-ray diagnostics, sutures, anesthesia, follow-up examinations)

2. After 1.5-2 months, the installation of the gum shaper

3. After 2 weeks, the installation of metal-ceramics - crowns

ADVANTAGES OF METAL FREE ZIRCONIUM CERAMICS:

1. High aesthetics, color and shine of healthy teeth
2. Strength and lightness of construction
3. Biocompatibility, hypoallergenic (does not cause allergies)

- Dental implants - review reviews:
Read the reviews of our patients after dental implantation - implant placement.
- Dental implants and pregnancy:
if you are planning a pregnancy or are already pregnant, then it is better to postpone dental implantation. A weakened body may react poorly to a foreign body. Antibiotics are harmful to the fetus, nursing mother.
- The cost of dental implants and dental implants:
The cost of implantation on a turnkey basis includes all materials, including implants, work and all additional services, such as x-rays, anesthesia, etc.
Don't forget about 50% discount on dental cleaning during dental implants!

1. Installation is possible with some contraindications, in which conventional implants cannot be placed
(for example, diabetes)
2. Less implant survival time
3. Longer lasting result

Dental implants - what is it?

is a dental direction that has been successfully developing for the last thirty years. Despite his young age, he firmly occupies a worthy place among the medical sciences,
- a way to restore lost or extracted teeth,
- an alternative to dentures,
- a section dealing with the restoration of teeth with dental implants.

Dental implantation of teeth is classified:

- according to the material of the denture,
- in the form of an intraosseous dental implant (screw, cylindrical, plastic, tubular, in the form of a natural tooth, with steps, with cortical overlays),
- according to the method of implantation,
- according to the timing of implantation (one-stage, two-stage, immediate and delayed)

Dental implant (dental implant) – This is a conical rod about 3-5 mm in diameter, which is implanted into the bone of the upper or lower jaw. Subsequently, it serves as a support for an artificial tooth (denture).

What are dental implants (implants)?

We are pleased to offer you a large selection of implants that differ in shape and design:

Plastic dental implants. Allows you to restore several teeth at the same time. They are usually used to replace chewing teeth,

Androot-shaped implants. The shape resembles a stepped cylinder with a thread. Often dentists use if the patient has a wide dentary (sometimes the bone has to be pre-built),

Tocombined implants. It consists of a combination of plastic and root-shaped implants. Primarily used to eliminate large defects in the dentition,

Psingle bone implant. This is a rather thin construction, which is installed when the bone tissue is thinned between the periosteum and the bone,

Eendodontically stabilized implants. Typically used to strengthen or lengthen the root of a tooth,

ATnutrimucosal implants. Allows you to do without the implantation of the prosthesis into the bone tissue.

What are dental implants made from?

Our dentistry uses implants made from modern materials :

- Titanium group metals - titanium and zirconium. These metals do not cause allergic reactions,
- Different kinds ceramics,
- Leucosapphire, etc.

1. The supporting part of the tooth is an artificial root, which is a rod that is surgically implanted into the bone.

2. The upper part (abutment) - is attached to the supporting part and serves as a support for installing a prosthesis or artificial tooth.

How is dental implantation carried out in our dentistry?

The dental implant procedure consists of several stages:

- Diagnostic examination. This procedure allows you to determine the condition of the oral cavity. Dental imaging or tomography is also needed so that the dentist can assess the condition of the bone tissue,

- Ooperation. If no contraindications are found during the diagnostic examination, the dentist proceeds to the operation. The procedure itself will not give you discomfort as local anesthesia is used in the process. During the operation, the dentist implants an artificial tooth root (installs the root part of the dental implant in the bone bed),

- Uimplant attachment. This process can take anywhere from a few weeks to six months.

- Pprosthetics is carried out only after the dental implant is firmly fused with the bone. To ensure that the crown does not stand out from the general row of teeth, the dentist carefully selects the color of the crown to match the natural color of the patient's teeth.

Indications for implantation are:

Missing one or more adjacent teeth

- terminal unilateral and bilateral defects of the dentition,
- absence of chewing teeth,
- the presence of large defects in the dentition (in this case, the dental implant serves as an additional support for the bridge),
- absence of the last teeth,
- the absence of one of the teeth in the frontal section,
- complete absence of teeth (in this case, a removable prosthesis is fixed on the dental implant).

The ability to correct various defects in the dentition, without turning and other adverse effects on adjacent teeth,

Usage safe materials in the manufacture of the implant, which eliminates the rejection reaction and the development of allergies,

Allows you to craft fixed prostheses in the absence of teeth over a large extent of the jaw, as well as in total absence natural teeth.

In order for the implant to serve you as long as possible, it is necessary to monitor oral hygiene,

Visit the dentist regularly
Treat teeth early
Hygienic care is carried out with soft brushes,
Soft foods are recommended.

Contraindications for dental implants oncological, immune, cardiovascular and other diseases. In this regard, before carrying out the procedure, it is advisable to undergo full examination organism.

Contraindications for dental implants

To contraindications dental implants are many diseases. Some of them require separate consideration.

With periodontal disease

Periodontitis - common disease oral cavity, which is accompanied by tooth mobility and their subsequent loss ( periodontitis).

Except heavy bleeding from the gums and strong mobility of dental units, there is a discharge pus from dental pockets pain and burning in the gums volume reduction jaw bone and strong bad smell from mouth.

Is it possible to do implantation with periodontal disease?

Unfortunately, periodontal disease in almost all cases leads to to tooth and bone loss. Removing units which cannot be saved, and the subsequent implantation of implants is considered by dentists appropriate tactics treatment for periodontal disease.

Since in periodontal disease, unlike periodontitis, there is no inflammatory process, then no need prepare the oral cavity in a special way for the implantation of dental implants. Most of doctors remove teeth and put dental implants behind once. It helps quickly return habitual load on tissues and stop destruction bone tissue and alveolar processes.

Important! Partial or complete removable prosthetics after tooth extraction for periodontal disease not prevent bone tissue to atrophy further. Moreover, such prostheses can will aggravate the situation.

If bone tissue not enough for the introduction of pins into the jaw, first carry out sinus lift.

Even with periodontitis and periodontitis installed implants teeth can serve a person for about 25 years, if it will be right the scheme of dental implantation was selected and implemented.

Photo 1. Elimination inflammatory processes in the oral cavity. As soon as periodontal disease goes into remission, you can proceed to implantation.

Restoration of the dentition in periodontitis or periodontitis consists of the following stages:

Training. This is a very important step, as it helps to minimize the occurrence of complications during and after dental implantation. The preliminary program includes all kinds of measures for the treatment of the disease. The treatment plan is drawn up individually. If the dentist wants to keep a group of teeth, he will include in the program professional cleaning tartar, therapeutic, surgical and orthopedic measures. If the teeth cannot be saved, he will remove them.
Choice of implant scheme.
Implantation.
Installation of a prosthesis on implants.

Important! In the area of implantation of pins must not be inflammatory process.

With complete edentulous

With complete adentia, dental implantation is the most effective method restore the ability to chew food with high quality, speak and smile without fear that the prosthesis will fall out, and the shape of the face will change.

Do not perform implantation in this case only when serious cardiovascular, immune, mental, pulmonary, hepatic and kidney disease, as well as with allergies on metal and anesthesia. If this ignore, the course of ailments can only intensify after dental implants.

For thyroid diseases

At various diseases thyroid gland there is a violation in the structures of bone tissue. The level of mineralization decreases and its restructuring increases with an excess thyroid hormone.

If the hormone, on the contrary, lacks, restructuring processes oppressed. In both cases, this fraught with rapid rejection metal screws.

For rheumatoid arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis - serious autoimmune disease, which affects the dental units as follows:

causes deformation heads of the temporo-inferior joint;
promotes education cysts and interdental gaps;
starts the process bone destruction;
causes pain and disturbance in work parotid glands ;
promotes disocclusion dentition;
provokes an inflammatory process in the trigeminal nerve.

Implantation for this disease possible, but after passing a series of analysis, which will determine degree of engraftment implants. This degree already depends on the state of the immune system. The healing process can take from 3 to 9 months depending on whether it is the lower or upper jaw. At the last osseointegration lasts longer.

The procedure will be undertaken with the following conditions:

more bone not destroyed;
the length of bone structures from the beginning of the gums to the bottom of the maxillary sinus is at least 4 cm;
missing serious illnesses that are considered absolute contraindications.

Smokers

Smoking extremely negative affects the healing process after surgery with implants. Inhaled hot air leads to burn oral tissues and increases risk of developing peri-implantitis.

And also from smoking, the membranes of the oral cavity become dry, which leads to reproduction pathogenic bacteria, and inflammation of the gums is fraught with rejection. Nicotine negatively affects the blood vessels - they experience spasm. As a result, tissues do not receive nutrients- healing process drags on.

Reference! Statistics show that the frequency of implant rejection in smokers twice as high. However, the risk of developing peri-implantitis is high. However, this does not mean that smoking and implantation completely incompatible.

With bone atrophy

Full edentulous and subsequent wearing of the usual removable prosthesis leads to destruction bone tissue and its atrophy. If the bone is much smaller than the implant itself, the latter will be easy to fix impossible. The long implant tip will be "pierce" maxillary sinus or ternary nerve, but thick split narrow bone.

To implant implants, it is necessary to carry out sinus lift(restoration of bone structures). In case of insufficient bone volume, the method of implantation with immediate load. After implantation of the implant, a light metal-plastic prosthesis is immediately fixed on it. Thus, the usual load again begins to flow to the bone - activated metabolic processes, through which rapid natural extension bone tissue around the implant.

Photo 2. Sinus lifting - variety bone grafting, which is carried out before implantation of teeth, if the thickness of the bone tissue is insufficient to implant the prosthesis.

Possible complications when installing dental implants

After the introduction of metal pins into the jaw, such complications:

Pain at injection sites: appear when the anesthesia wears off. The syndrome goes through 3-4 days, this is considered a natural reaction of the body to the presence of foreign bodies.
Bleeding. Blood may be released from the tissues around the pins during 2-3 days.
Edema: occurs immediately after the introduction of the pins and may persist for several more days, that is, in the healing process. Ice or something cold will help reduce it.
Divergence of seams. Enough rare complication because dentists use very strong threads during implantation. The discrepancy may occur due to mechanical damage or an inflammatory process.
Heat . it's the same normal condition organism after implantation, but only during 2-3 days. If body temperature stays higher 37 degrees on the fourth day, important in urgently see a doctor.
Reimplantitis- a serious condition that manifests itself in the form of inflammation of the gums around the implants. It can occur due to non-compliance with the rules of hygiene - the infection enters the mouth and spreads in the weakest tissues at the moment.
Implant rejection. It can occur due to lack of proper oral care, improper installation of units, or individual characteristics of the organism.

Photo 3. Placement of dental implants. Metal pins enter the gum and jaw bone.

What are the contraindications and restrictions after the procedure

During first 14 days after the procedure important to follow so rules:

Refuse from cigarettes, alcohol, spicy and hot foods.
Dishes should be semi-liquid and finely divided in order to reduce the load on the implants as much as possible.
Do not practice sports, avoid stress, so that the blood does not rush sharply to the head.
Refuse from flying in an airplane and don't climb to high points.
Do not go in swimming pools, baths and saunas.
Nothing don't spit and not to drink nothing through a straw.
Instead of rinsing, apply antiseptic solutions .
sleep on high pillow.
When brushing your teeth don't touch brush to the area with implants. It is treated with a swab dipped in saline solution. On the second day oral baths are already used.

- a great modern way restoration of teeth. There can be many reasons for such a restoration - from the loss of a tooth due to a bruise to age-related losses. Dental implants look very natural and do not bring any discomfort to their owner.

Contraindications to dental implantation can be divided into several types:

absolute;
relative;
general;
local;
temporary.

The most important in this classification are absolute and relative contraindications. Let's look at each type.

Contraindications

By its very nature, implant placement is surgical procedure, in some cases associated with various difficulties.

Therefore, as with any surgical intervention, there are a number of contraindications for implantation, ignoring which can lead to various consequences, both at the stage of the procedure, and after the installation of a denture.

Absolute

Absolute contraindications include those that cannot be corrected, and which inevitably interfere with the operation.

Implantation is not possible in the following cases:

Diseases blood vessels. For example, poor blood clotting nullifies the success of any operation. It is possible to open bleeding.
Some of the diseases of the central nervous system that prevent adequate patient perception of surgical intervention.
Availability malignant tumors. The intervention of the surgeon can hurt the formation and affect its growth.
Diseases associated with tissue growth. The inserted implant requires active growth tissues around it, otherwise, the whole operation does not make any sense - the prosthesis will not take root.
Tuberculosis in any form.
Diabetes.
Some of the diseases of the oral mucosa.
Hypertonicity of the muscles responsible for chewing.

relative

with caries, insertion of implants is prohibited

This group includes contraindications, the presence of which currently prevents the operation.

However, the elimination of these problems contributes to the abolition of the ban on implantation. These include:

Presence of teeth.
Inflammatory processes of the gums.
Inflammatory processes of the tissues that surround the teeth.
Diseases of the joints.
Incorrect bite setting.
Availability bad habits Key words: alcohol abuse, smoking, drug addiction.
Atrophy or bone defects.
Carrying a child.

General

General contraindications for any surgical intervention.
Ban on anesthesia.
Some somatic diseases, the course of which may be affected by the installation of implants.
A number of ongoing medical procedures, which may affect the healing process in the postoperative period.
Diseases of the central nervous system.
Severe and prolonged stress.
Poor oral hygiene.
Exhaustion of the body.

Local

The locals include:

Poor oral hygiene.
A small amount of bone tissue required for operations to install dental implants.
Unsatisfactory (low) distance to the sinuses of the upper jaw and nose.

Temporary

pregnant women are also not recommended for surgery

Temporary contraindications, as the name implies, disappear over time.

These include:

Carrying a child.
periods of the disease.
Stages of the rehabilitation period.
The period after irradiation of the body.
Dependence drugs and drugs.

From the above, it can be seen that there are many contraindications to prosthetics, but not all of them are absolutely prohibiting the operation. Timely treatment of certain diseases, elimination of oral problems such as caries and other conditions under which surgical intervention becomes possible.

It should be noted that reaching a certain age is not a contraindication to the installation of a prosthesis. In this case, you should simply consult with your doctor about choosing the most the best option prosthetics.

How to find out about the presence of contraindications for the installation of dentures?

Before carrying out an operation to install a dental prosthesis, the dentist must examine the patient and collect an anamnesis.

In some cases, the doctor may require additional tests, such as an examination by a general practitioner or genetics. Only after the dentist is convinced of the possibility of prosthetics, the operation is performed.

There is a negative opinion that dental implantation has contraindications and possible complications are common.

But in fact, the prosthetics procedure is put on stream, while the dental production is equipped with high-quality painkillers, which makes the process of dental implantation as comfortable as possible for the patient.

Meaning of the term implant

Implanted teeth are designed to improve the quality of chewing food, which is impossible in the absence of teeth. This factor makes direct impact on the proper functioning of the gastrointestinal tract.

Also, implants, unlike removable dentures, exclude possible inconveniences. psychological nature(appearance and daily fixation).

basis artificial teeth are biological components, due to which the engraftment of the structure takes place without complications. They are used as fasteners for conventional prostheses.

During implantation, there is a chance to strengthen natural teeth in the event that they begin to loosen.

People who need the help of a dentist, and especially when it comes to implantation, experience a strong fear of this action. But there is no point in being afraid the latest anesthetics provide sufficient anesthesia of the gum perimeter during manipulations.

The only thing that the patient will feel is the touch of the dentist's hands.

Primary contraindications

Implantation is designed to significantly alleviate daily life to a person. But at the same time, one should think about the presence of special diseases, which, when such interference may cause more harm than expected benefit.

To ailments serving Contraindications for implantation include:

Decompensated pathologies of the cardiovascular system.
Diseases of an autoimmune nature.
HIV and tuberculosis.

Decompensated pathologies of the cardiovascular system are characterized by the presence of shortness of breath, and there is also a palpitation at rest or during normal exercise, acrocyanosis (cyanosis of the tip of the nose and fingers), swelling of the legs in the evening, and enlargement of the neck veins. All of these symptoms indicate a worn out heart.

Therefore, in this case, there are contraindications to dental implantation, threatening complications and serious consequences.

Autoimmune diseases and similar diseases requiring regular consumption of corticosteroids, such as lupus erythematosus, allergic reaction in severe course, bronchial asthma, and red lichen planus are contraindications for dental implants. Since when taking strong corticosteroids, the body's resistance to infections decreases, it knocks down the metabolism of bone components and suppresses the functionality of the salivary glands.

These diseases are not subject to negative influence hormone-containing medicines, and those eliminated by specially selected therapy are not considered a contraindication to implantation.

Dental implantation contraindications and possible complications of which are caused by the presence of HIV and tuberculosis critical form, in which Clinical signs, is impossible due to reduced immunity and impaired regenerative function of tissues.

Influence of the endocrine and nervous systems

Pathologies endocrine system often become an obstacle to the implantation of prostheses, since with diseases of the pituitary gland, severe forms diabetes, insufficient functionality of the adrenal glands, hypo- and hyperthyroidism, as well as ailments of the hematopoietic system, will manifest complications in the form of inflammatory processes and non-engraftment of the tooth.

CNS diseases and violations mental state, drug addiction and alcoholism are defined as absolute contraindications to dental implants.

This is due to the lack of opportunity to bring to the patient's consciousness how to behave during the operation, how to care for the oral cavity for better healing, which can lead to complications that are difficult to eliminate.

A failure in the metabolism of bone tissue due to osteoporosis in the progressing stage, osteopathies of congenital origin, osteonecrosis of drug and radiation properties, and perivitin osteomyelitis in people with drug dependence are among the primary contraindications.

Under such conditions, it is not possible to bone healing, which does not allow for implantation of teeth.

Myths about implantation

People who are thinking about how to improve their smile through the installation of a denture construction often hear from others different kind fiction dissuade them from the procedure.

Common myths include:

The invasion of implants into the orbit of the eye is really impossible for several reasons: the length of the implanted implants is selected taking into account the peculiarities facial structure patient, experience and knowledge of the dentist.

At the same time, it is known exceptional cases passage of implants into the maxillofacial apparatus.

One of the occurring complications may be: perforation of the maxillary sinus, damage to the nerve of the mandibular localization, the exit of an artificial tooth into the sublingual region and the nasal cavity.

These complications are recorded extremely rarely, while of the possible complications, the entrance to the maxillary sinus is most often noted.

Recently, such cases almost never occur due to the special care in the preoperative examination through comprehensive hardware images and sinus lift (accretion of additional bone tissue).

Anesthesia during the intervention during dental implantation is similar to anesthesia during their extraction. The only difference is the sequential freezing of the required jaw fragments.

Modern anesthetics created in order to individually approach the characteristics of a particular human body, choosing from a variety of methods of anesthesia to achieve a 100% result.

In the case when there are contraindications to local anesthesia or anesthesia, then the patient's consciousness is often turned off.

An important plus this method the fact of the absence of pain and heavy emotions from the type of dental instruments, blood and specific sounds stands out.

It should be noted that in most cases dental implantation is performed under anesthesia. local action when the patient sees everything and realizes what is happening, one way or another, controlling the process.

The use of anesthesia is alternative way anesthesia, if local anesthesia does not have the desired effect or is contraindicated for the introduction of a particular patient.

Also, anesthesia, as an anesthetic, is used because of the perseverance of the person himself. But here it is important that those who applied voluntarily tell about the presence of diseases when collecting an anamnesis, because their concealment threatens to develop complications or even mortal danger.

At the end of the action of anesthetics, there may indeed be slight discharge of bloody nature, pain syndrome and small swellings.

A qualified implantologist will prescribe without fail necessary medicines for elimination adverse reaction human body.

Rarely, prolonged pain severe bleeding and swelling, as well as numbness of the jaw, fever, bad breath and purulent process.

Such situations are manifested due to the incorrect tactics of the doctor. But similar signs are dangerous, which requires an immediate visit to the dentist.

At the moment of making a decision about transplantation, in no case should you listen to advisers who frighten possible development of gangrene. Since this cannot happen even in conditions where the dentist made a number of mistakes during the operation. The maximum that is revealed when the implant is rejected is inflammation and a purulent process at the beginning, which a person experiences severe pain, which will force him to turn to a specialist for help.

In those rare situations when rejection occurs after implantation of teeth, a decrease in bone tissue is noted. Usually, this shortcoming compensated by artificial bone material.

After all the results of the tests have been received, contraindications are excluded, as well as prepared oral cavity To undergo dental implantation, you can safely, without any doubt or fear, go to the doctor-implantologist.