Violent wheezing in the lungs. Treatment of wheezing in the lungs when breathing. Treating wheezing when breathing

The lungs are one of the most important human organs, because thanks to their normal work, the body receives oxygen, and thus vital activity is maintained. When the lungs have a pathology, this is often accompanied by coughing and wheezing in the lungs.

Wheezing in the lungs is a symptom that may be a residual phenomenon after an illness, or it may indicate an existing serious illness. Wheezing is called noise that occurs when inhaling or exhaling.

Causes and classification of wheezing in the lungs

Treatment of wheezing in the lungs depends on what caused them. An accurate diagnosis should be made in the office of specialists - for this, an x-ray is performed, if necessary, an ultrasound or MRI (for a detailed study), as well as an analysis of the secret or a biopsy.

A serious examination of the lungs is necessary, especially if the symptom of wheezing has been present for a long time and does not depend on recent past infection. The fact is that some of the most serious and relatively common diseases affect the lungs - cancer, tuberculosis, pneumonia, etc. But if the symptoms of pneumonia are often obvious, then cancer and tuberculosis, developing, do not make themselves felt for a long time.

Wheezing in the lungs without fever

Wheezing in the lungs can occur without fever - most often the cause of this is pneumonia. This disease is also called pneumonia - it is accompanied by hard breathing, as well as first dry and then wet rales.

In the classical and theoretical sense, pneumonia always proceeds violently, with fever, but in medical practice more and more often there are patients who suffer the disease "on their feet", not noticing that they have developed a pathology that requires serious treatment.

With tuberculosis, the temperature may rise to subfebrile levels.

With tumor diseases of the lungs, a slight increase in body temperature is also possible for no apparent reason.

Crackles in the lungs when exhaling or inhaling

The type of wheezing during exhalation is called expiratory. It is possible with any disease that is accompanied by wheezing in the lungs: Wheezing in the lungs during inspiration is called inspiratory. Also, as in the first case, the inspiratory type does not carry specific information in the diagnosis.

Moist, wheezing rales in the lungs

Moist rales occur in the lungs in the presence of fluid. Diseases in which this type of wheezing is possible are numerous:

bronchial asthma;
pulmonary edema;
pneumonia;
chronic obstructive diseases;
SARS;
tuberculosis;
bronchitis.

Moist rales are classified into three categories:

fine bubbles;
medium bubble;
large-bubbly.

They differ in sound: to get an idea of the difference between them, try blowing into a glass of water using straws of different diameters.

Dry rales in the lungs

Dry rales in the lungs occur when the gaps for the passage of the air stream are narrowed. Such a symptom can occur with pneumonia, bronchitis, neoplasms, and also at the end of an attack. bronchial asthma.

How to treat wheezing in the lungs?

How you treat wheezing in your lungs depends on what caused it. If the cause was a bacterial infection, then in this case admission required antibacterial agents- Flemoxin, Amoxicillin.

If viruses have become the cause of wheezing, then antiviral medicines are needed - for example, Immustat.

For infections and viruses, thermal procedures are indicated for the treatment of the lungs.

Also in the treatment of the bronchi, inhalations with the help of nebulizers are widely used - if the cause of the symptom has become, then bronchospasmolytics are used.

Corticosteroid drugs are used in extreme cases- with severe attacks, in the form of inhalation.

Doctors, examining their patients, often find wheezing in the lungs. Normal at healthy person they shouldn't be. Wheezing is just a symptom caused by various diseases. This problem is faced by both children and adults.

Wheezes are pathological noises that are determined by listening to the lungs during auscultation and are associated with the presence of an obstacle to the passage of air masses or blockage of the bronchi. Lower Airways are complex. The lungs are formed by the bronchial tree. Bronchi are large, medium and small. They end with bronchioles and alveoli.

Wheezing may appear in the bronchi themselves or in the cavities that communicate with them. There are the following types of wheezing:

dry and wet;
fine-bubble, medium-bubble, large-bubble;
inspiratory and expiratory;
pulmonary and extrapulmonary.

If pathological noises are heard on inspiration, then they are called inspiratory. If this occurs on exhalation, then such wheezing is expiratory. A variety of noises are whistling and crepitating. The cause of the whistle is the narrowing of the lumen of the respiratory tube due to edema or compression. This is often seen in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma.

Buzzing wheezing is a common symptom of chronic bronchitis in the acute phase. With moist noises, sputum accumulates in the lumen of the bronchi. The reason is her increased output, change in composition, and difficulty in excretion. Small noises indicate a violation of air permeability in the alveoli and bronchioles.

This happens with pneumonia, heart failure and edema. Wheezes are divided into sonorous and non-voiced. Crepitus is often heard on auscultation. It resembles crackling and or creaking. Crepitus is often combined with small bubbling rales.

When conducting auscultation in children or adults, the doctor must not only identify pathological noises, but also determine their nature. Physical examination is performed with the patient sitting, standing or lying down. The stethophonendoscope is placed on the points of best listening to the lungs in the region of the upper back and chest. During auscultation, the doctor should evaluate the following indicators:

localization of wheezing;
their caliber;
key;
timbre;
sonority;
homogeneity;
the size;
connection with inhalation and exhalation;
dependence on changes in body position and cough;
prevalence;
amount.

During the study, the condition of all segments of the lungs is necessarily assessed. You can listen before and after coughing. It is recommended to combine listening with percussion of the lungs.

The causes of the appearance of pathological noises in the lungs are very different. Extrapulmonary rales are observed in the following pathologies:

heart failure;
sarcoidosis;
severe degree of hypertension;
acute renal failure;
congenital and acquired heart defects (valvular insufficiency and stenosis);
graft-versus-host reactions;
typhus;
cystic fibrosis.

To put accurate diagnosis, laboratory and instrumental studies are required. Most often, the appearance of wheezing indicates pulmonary pathology (acute and chronic bronchitis, COPD, tuberculosis, pneumonia, lung tumors, bronchial asthma in the period after an attack, pulmonary edema (cardiac asthma), bronchiolitis, abscess).

Possible causes include atelectasis of the lungs, as well as blockage of the pulmonary artery by a detached thrombus. In an adult, the appearance of pathological noise is a frequent sign of bronchiectasis, when a saccular protrusion forms in the bronchial region, which interferes with the normal movement of air. greatest danger for humans, wheezing is associated with tuberculosis and tumors (lung cancer).

Moist rales are characteristic of cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive bronchitis, atelectasis, abscess, Williams-Campbell syndrome, asthma, COPD, edema lung tissue, tuberculosis. Often, dry noises appear first, and after a while they become wet. To rare reasons The appearance of this pathology includes the presence of helminthic invasion.

The following endogenous (internal) and exogenous (external) factors contribute to the occurrence of wheezing during breathing:

frequent colds (flu, SARS);
passive and active smoking;
occupational hazards (work in dusty rooms);
hypothermia;
living in a damp, poorly heated room;
contact with smokers or sick persons;
decreased immunity;
irrational nutrition;
contact with carcinogens;
violation of lipid metabolism in the body;
the presence of arterial hypertension;
alcoholism;
endocrine pathology;
overweight;
impaired renal function;
inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract (sinusitis, tonsillitis, rhinitis, inflammation of the larynx and pharynx);
impact toxic substances and medicines.

Most often, whistling in combination with a cough is a consequence of colds. This is facilitated by the lack of vaccination against influenza, hypovitaminosis, clothing that is not suitable for the weather. In a child, a sore throat, combined with coughing and wheezing, is possible after getting your feet wet.

Some diseases accompanied by wheezing (asthma) occur in people who are constantly in contact with allergens. These can be: pollen, household and industrial dust, pet hair, food. In some individuals, a cough with wheezing is possible while taking certain medications (Aspirin).

The appearance of wheezing during breathing is possible with heart failure.

Most often, abnormal breathing is observed in acute failure of the left ventricle (cardiac asthma). This state develops against the background of myocardial infarction and other forms of coronary artery disease, acute myocarditis, cardiosclerosis and cardiomyopathy. Heart defects are a common cause of asthma.

The following changes play a role in the development of pulmonary symptoms and the appearance of wheezing during breathing:

violation of hemodynamics in the left ventricle and left atrium;
overflow of pulmonary veins;
increased permeability of the walls of small vessels in the lung tissue;
violation of pulmonary ventilation;
excitation of the respiratory center.

Cardiac asthma is manifested by the following symptoms:

dry or wet small bubbling rales;
dry cough;
shortness of breath;
difficulty breathing;
high diastolic blood pressure;
frequent heartbeat;
blue fingertips and nasolabial triangle.

The attack lasts in different ways (from several minutes to a day or more). Cardiac asthma can turn into alveolar (true) pulmonary edema. The severity of wheezing is determined by the degree of heart failure (functional class) and stage. Cardiac asthma must be distinguished from simple bronchial asthma.

Inflammation of the bronchi is often manifested by wheezing or moist rales. Often, such a pathology as obstructive bronchitis develops. It is based on obstruction (blockage) of the lumen of the bronchus. This disease can occur in acute and chronic form. Mainly medium and small bronchi are affected.

The appearance of wheezing is associated with the following changes:

an increase in the function and number of goblet cells that produce a secret;
violation of mucociliary clearance;
change in the composition of sputum;
stagnation of secretions in the bronchi;
violation of ventilation;
the formation of mucous plugs;
swelling of the bronchial mucosa;
decrease in their lumen.

In acute obstructive bronchitis, wheezing is most often dry. The disease is manifested by wheezing, which is heard at a distance. Wheezes in acute inflammation of the bronchi are expiratory (appear during exhalation). After coughing, they may temporarily disappear. Along with wheezing, there are other symptoms (fever, headache, chest discomfort during coughing, shortness of breath, dry or productive cough).

Chronic obstructive bronchitis is characterized by constant wheezing with wheezing. Some patients experience hemoptysis. This happens when small blood vessels rupture during coughing. In the acute phase, the volume of sputum secreted increases, and wheezing becomes wet.

Wheezing is a condition in which lower divisions respiratory tract get foreign bodies. It can be bones, toy parts, bones. The following changes are observed:

bronchospasm;
redness;
exudation.

Blockage of the bronchus is complete and partial. Signs of wheezing appear in phase 2 when foreign object penetrates into the main or segmental bronchus. In such patients, wheezing is heard at a distance. This condition is called stridor (wheezing). It occurs during inhalation. With the development of complications, a wet cough appears.

Blockage of the bronchus by a foreign body is manifested by shortness of breath, chest pain, separation of mucopurulent sputum, fever. On the early stages cough like whooping cough. He is painful and agonizing.

The presence of wheezing and moist rales is a reason to see a doctor. Treatment begins after the examination. The following studies are needed:

bronchoscopy;
radiography;
sputum examination;
percussion and auscultation of the lungs and heart;
measurement of blood pressure;
general clinical tests;
Ultrasound of the heart;
electrocardiography;
testing with bronchodilator drugs;
assessment of the gas composition of the blood;
provocative tests;
biopsy;
study of pulmonary vessels;
plethysmography;
spirometry.

Whistling type of breathing is often detected by ear. Symptoms of the disease allow for differential diagnosis. In asthma, along with wheezing, periodic attacks of suffocation are observed, expiratory dyspnea and a productive cough are noted. With pneumonia, wheezing is often dry. They are associated with dry cough, fever, sputum, often rusty, and signs of hypoxia (acrocyanosis).

With pulmonary edema, the appearance of wheezing is combined with the release of frothy sputum, persistent cough, discoloration of the skin, fear. When listening, bubbling rales are determined. In a child, the appearance of pathological noises can often be associated with cystic fibrosis. He has a dry, hacking cough with wheezing.

Treatment of patients with wheezing depends on the underlying disease. It is often done at home. In the presence of broncho-obstructive syndrome, treatment involves air humidification, the use of mucolytics (ACC, Lazolvan, Ambrobene, Ambrohexal), chest massage, the use of antiviral drugs or antibiotics, inhalations.

The latter are carried out with drugs such as Berotek and Salbutamol. Pulmonary edema requires hospitalization. Treatment at home is inappropriate. In this situation, you need to give the patient a half-sitting position. Treatment includes oxygen therapy, venous tourniquets, the use of diuretic and analgesic drugs, and the use of glucocorticoids.

The selection of drugs depends on the cause of the edema. It is necessary to treat patients with wheezing against the background of tumors surgically. If pneumonia is detected, antibiotics are the mainstay of treatment. Thus, the appearance of wheezing in the lungs is possible with a variety of pathologies.

Additional sources:

Clinical pulmonology. S.V. Naryshkina, O.P. Korotich, L.V. Kruglyakova, 2010.

Internal diseases: respiratory system. G.E. Roitberg, A.V. Strutynsky, 2013.

Respiratory diseases. IN AND. Makolkin, S.I. Ovcharenko, 2005.

In the respiratory tract, noises of a pathological origin may occur. Such murmurs, better known as wheezes, can be detected in any area. respiratory system: in the lungs, trachea, bronchi, and so on.

Wheezing as a symptom of illness

Wheezing is a characteristic manifestation of most diseases or pathological changes in the respiratory system. Among those:

bronchial asthma;
anaphylaxis (allergic reactions of an instant type);
COPD;
broncho- and pulmonary pneumonia. bronchitis. tracheitis. tuberculosis;
lung infarction, cancer, pulmonary edema. bronchiectasis and other diseases.

Causes of wheezing

The mechanism of wheezing, as well as the places and intensity of their manifestation, differ depending on the causes of this symptom. Noises in the respiratory organs appear as a result of two main pathological processes:

narrowing of the lumen in the bronchi as a result of inflammatory changes or spasms in them;
the lumen of the respiratory tract is clogged with mucopurulent substances varying degrees viscosity and density, which means that during inhalation and exhalation, these masses will be in constant motion.

Characteristic features of noise

Only a specialist is able to recognize what type of wheezing these or those noises belong to.

Wet rales

The so-called wet rales are the result of the accumulation of sputum (liquid mucus) in the bronchi. The doctor can determine their type after auscultation: when air flows through the sputum, bubbles form in it, which constantly burst. Such a “mass explosion” provokes the formation of moist rales. Basically, this manifestation occurs when inhaling, less often it can be recognized when exhaling air from the lungs.

The size of the air bubbles can vary. This directly depends on the mass of accumulated mucus, the diameter of the bronchi and the volume of the cavity itself. Accordingly, fine-, medium- and large-bubble moist rales are distinguished.

Bronchopneumonia. lung infarction, bronchiolitis are characterized by small bubbling noises, similar to the noise of foaming soda.

Medium bubbles are formed as a result of bronchiectasis or hypersecretory bronchitis. To the ear, such wheezing resembles the sound of blowing air into a liquid through a straw. The same wheezing may indicate small abscesses in the lungs (bronchi) that accompany the development of pneumonia, or be heard at the first stage of pulmonary edema. A variety of medium bubbling noises - the so-called "crackling", they appear due to the opening of the walls of the bronchioles and acini, closed on exhalation by the surrounding tissue. This symptom allows you to diagnose, for example, pneumosclerosis or pulmonary fibrosis.

Large bubbling or "bubbling" wheezing occurs when mucus accumulates in the large bronchi, trachea, or in large cavities pathological origin. Such a noise is heard on auscultation when air passes through the organs on inspiration. Note that bubbling wheezing can be heard even without the help of a phonendoscope, they can be heard even at some distance. Such symptoms are typical for the late stages of pulmonary edema. Also, similar accumulations in the trachea or bronchi can form in patients who have a weakened (or absent) cough reflex.

Dry wheezing

The second type of wheezing is dry. Among them are "whistling" and "buzzing".

Whistling noise is a sign of an asthmatic attack. Such noises are produced by the bronchi as a result of uneven narrowing of the lumen during bronchospasm.

"Buzzing" during breathing is observed in those patients in whom filamentous mucous membranes form in the lumen of the bronchi due to inflammation.

Treating wheezing when breathing

To save the patient from wheezing, first of all, competent treatment of the disease that is the cause of their appearance is necessary. Treatment methods differ significantly with various diseases and types of noise. The most commonly prescribed types of drug therapy are:

mucolytics are used to thin sputum, simplify its discharge;
elimination of spasms and relaxation of the walls of the bronchi - a task that is within the power of inhaled beta-agonists;
an inflammatory process in the respiratory organs caused by a bacterial infection is an indication for the appointment of antibiotics.

Differential diagnosis in moist rales in the lungs.

Rattling (rhonchi).

Additional breath sounds that occur in the air space of the airways of the lungs. They are formed in the presence of liquid contents in the bronchi, pulmonary alveoli or pathological cavities (caverns, bronchiectasis, etc.): in violation of bronchial patency (as a result of bronchospasm, swelling of its mucous membrane, partial blockage by sputum, tumor); when straightening the collapsed lung parenchyma in the area of its structural changes or compression. According to the mechanism of formation and sound perception, wheezing is divided into wet and dry.

Wheezing is detected and examined by auscultation of the chest during the patient's breathing. The patient, if his condition allows, is in a standing or sitting position and, if necessary, changes the position of the body. Auscultation of the lungs is carried out segmentally, symmetrically on each side, with arbitrarily deep breathing with interruptions (to avoid the development of hypocapnia in the patient (due to hyperventilation), sequentially using first the stethoscopic and then the phonendoscope head of the stethophonendoscope. The study is supplemented with auscultation of the lungs in different modes breathing, before and after coughing, and, if necessary, also before and after the administration of pharmacological agents that affect the mechanisms of wheezing.

According to the length of listening over the lung fields, wheezing can be local, i.e. be determined over a separate limited area in the projection of one segment or lung lobes, scattered - over several separate areas of one or both lungs, and widespread - over vast areas of the chest in the projection of several lobes. Wheezes are characterized by their caliber, timbre, sonority (noting the uniformity or heterogeneity of caliber and sonority in the places of listening), quantity (single, multiple, abundant) and assess the change in these characteristics under the influence of the depth of breathing, coughing, changes in body position.

Wet rales most often due to accumulation in the respiratory tract or in pathological fluid cavities communicating with them (exudate, transudate, bronchial secretion, blood). Wet rales are heard mainly on inspiration, very rarely they are heard on expiration. During inhalation, air passing through the liquid forms bubbles, the ruptures of which on the surface of the liquid generate noise heard during auscultation as wheezing - unsound or sonorous, with a sonorous timbre. The latter are formed, for example, in resonating cavities, especially smooth-walled ones, in a focus located near the gas bubble of the stomach or in the compacted parenchyma of the lung. Sound wheezing is better heard with auscultation with a phonendoscope, and silent wheezing with a stethoscope head. Depending on the size of the cavities in which moist rales are formed, they differ in caliber as large, medium or fine bubbling.

Occur in the alveoli, terminal bronchioles and the smallest bronchi in the presence of fluid in them. In the supradiaphragmatic areas of the lungs, fine bubbling rales are sometimes detected only when deep breath leading to a significant shift of the diaphragm. This must be taken into account when listening to bedridden patients in whom the volume of respiratory movements of the diaphragm is reduced.

Indicate the presence of fluid in the bronchi of medium caliber or small cavities (with ectasia of the distal small bronchi). These wheezing sounds are perceived as the sound of bursting air bubbles blown through the liquid with a very thin straw. Most of the so-called crackling rales, usually sonorous, resembling a crunch during subcutaneous crepitation or a crack of torn tissue, also belong to the category of medium bubbling moist rales. The mechanism of the formation of crackling rales is not associated with the foaming of the liquid when air passes through it. These wheezing are caused by the inhalation of the walls of the respiratory bronchioles and alveolar ducts, which are compressed by the surrounding tissue during exhalation (for example, with pneumosclerosis, fibrosis, or incomplete compression atelectasis).

They are formed when air passes through the liquid contained in the large-caliber bronchi, trachea and large pathological cavities. They resemble the sound that arises from blowing water with air through a thick straw or even through a tubular stalk of reeds - bubbling wheezing. Large bubbling rales more often than finely - and medium bubbling, are well heard on exhalation, bubbling rales in large bronchi, trachea are often heard at a distance from the patient and are often more pronounced on exhalation.

The definition and differentiation of moist rales of different caliber and sonority usually do not cause difficulties. Sometimes small bubbling wet rales are similar to crepitus , which resembles a gentle crack that occurs at the height of inspiration. Crackling rales should be distinguished from the pleural rub , which, unlike wheezing, is usually heard both on inhalation and exhalation and is often heard with a closed glottis against the background of respiratory movements of the diaphragm, produced by alternately retracting and protruding the abdomen.

Small bubbling moist rales most often auscultated in bronchopneumonia, pulmonary infarction, can also be determined in bronchiolitis and in initial phase auscultatory manifestations of alveolar pulmonary edema - so-called congestive wheezing. With bronchopneumonia, wheezing is localized (usually in the projection of the segment), multiple or profuse, heard mainly on inspiration, their sonority depends on the degree lung seals and it is the greater, the closer the focus is to chest wall; profusion and sonority sometimes change slightly after deep breathing and coughing. In bronchiolitis, small bubbling rales are muffled, scattered, usually combined with dry wheezing, their number and sonority change significantly after coughing. Congestive rales are heard in the lowest located parts of the lungs, which depends on the position of the patient, their localization changes with a change in body position (transfusion symptom). These rales do not disappear after deep breathing, although their number may decrease somewhat.

Medium bubbling moist rales are detected with hypersecretory bronchitis (scattered, heterogeneous in sonority and caliber, significantly changing after coughing), with pulmonary edema and with pneumonia with multiple small abscesses. In the latter case, wheezing is determined above the focus of dullness on percussion sound, localized and usually heard along with profuse fine bubbling wheezing. With pulmonary edema, medium bubbling rales are more sonorous, widespread, heard over both lighter more behind (in the position of the patient sitting) or mainly laterally from the side on which the patient lies. Medium bubbling sonorous rales, heard over the peripheral areas of the lungs within the boundaries of the segment or lobe (on one or both sides), are characteristic of small bronchiectasis in the foci of pneumosclerosis .

Medium bubbling rales with a crackling timbre, defined above the border of the pleural effusion, are most often caused by compression atelectasis and occur in its marginal zone, where the lung does not fully collapse, in such cases they are detected as a gentle crackle (the so-called subcrepitant rales), heard only with a deep breath , their number is proportional to the depth of inspiration. Local crackling sonorous rales in places of dull percussion sound are heard above the foci of pneumosclerosis, pulmonary fibrosis. With diffuse interstitial pulmonary fibrosis , sometimes with sarcoidosis crackling rales are widespread, they are heard over vast symmetrical areas of the chest, usually as multiple ones: as a rule, they are homogeneous in sonority and caliber and almost do not change when coughing, deep breathing and change in body position.

Large bubbling moist rales along with medium bubbling and crackling rales, they are heard over relatively large cavities containing fluid and communicating with the bronchus (cavern, lung abscess, large bronchiectasis). Under these conditions, large bubbling rales are detected with great constancy in the morning hours and are characterized by significant variability after coughing. Rumbling rales appear in late phase development of pulmonary edema and are auscultated against the background of abundant medium- and small-bubbling rales, often drowning them out, as well as with the accumulation of bronchial secretions or fluid in the main bronchi and trachea in patients with a weakened cough reflex, in particular in coma .

26. Differential diagnosis in hemoptysis. Bloody sputum is called hemoptoea, and colored or streaked blood is called hemoptysis. There is a quantitative difference between hemoptoea and hemophthisis. Hemoptoea is said to be when the sputum contains a lot of blood or clear blood is coughed up. If the mucous, mucopurulent, finally, purulent sputum is pierced with bloody threads, filled with lumps, simply stained with blood, they talk about hemoptysis. All diseases that cause hemophthisis can lead to hemoptoea. In the presence of pulmonary bleeding, it is sometimes necessary to differentiate it from gastrointestinal bleeding, manifested by vomiting mixed with blood. In such cases, it must be remembered that pulmonary bleeding is characterized by the release of foamy, scarlet blood, which has an alkaline reaction and does not coagulate, while with gastrointestinal bleeding, dark blood clots of the type " coffee grounds"mixed with pieces of food, acid reaction, gastrointestinal bleeding. Hemoptysis and pulmonary bleeding (unlike gastric bleeding), as a rule, is not accompanied by shock or collapse. The threat to life in such cases is usually associated with a violation of the ventilation function of the lungs in as a result of blood entering the respiratory tract.

One of the reasons pulmonary hemorrhage there may be diseases of the circulatory system. Abundant hemoptoea in mitral stenosis is due to hypertension of the pulmonary circulation and rupture of dilated bronchial veins, in aortic aneurysms - perforation into the trachea and main bronchi, often the left one. Recurrent pulmonary hemorrhages are inherent in congenital heart defects with a septal defect, the Eisenmenger complex.

All hemorrhagic diathesis often present with hemoptysis. A special place is occupied by Osler-Rendu disease, in which pulmonary hemorrhages are observed from endoscopically visible varicose veins of the mucous membrane of the trachea, bronchi and arteriovenous aneurysms. It should also be remembered about the pulmonary form of endometriosis (hemoptoea synchronously with menstruation).

The most common cause of hemoptysis and pulmonary hemorrhage are lung diseases in the broad sense of the term. Here is how R. Ferlinz (1974) defines the differential series of diseases typified by hemoptysis and hemoptoea: tracheobronchitis, tuberculosis, lung cancer, bronchial adenomas, bronchiectasis, lobar pneumonia, pulmonary infarction, all forms of hemorrhagic diathesis, aspergilloma, congestive lung, Goodpasture's syndrome, Wegener's syndrome, periarteritis nodosa, pneumoconiosis, pulmonary endometriosis, lung cysts, "cellular" lung, idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis. It is, so to speak, general list causative factors.

disease history, objective status and chest radiography play an important role in differential diagnosis. First of all, you should find out whether the source of hemoptysis is in the lungs or hemoptysis is associated with sinusitis, previous bleeding from the nose or gums. In the absence of shading on a chest x-ray, hemoptysis is usually caused by chronic bronchitis or bronchiectasis. It should be borne in mind that mitral stenosis, pulmonary embolism, a tumor with endobronchial growth, and hemocoagulation disorders can be causes of hemoptysis. Localized shadowing on a chest x-ray is usually associated with pneumonia, tuberculosis, cancer, or pulmonary infarction. Diffuse shading on a chest x-ray usually causes left ventricular failure or pneumonia. There is no need for further investigations or bronchoscopy if the patient is younger than 50 years of age, does not smoke, chest x-ray shows no changes, and infection is found to be the cause of hemoptysis.

Rattling in lungs and chest. What are they talking about?

It is wheezing in the lungs that helps the doctor in determining the exact diagnosis. These breath sounds can be formed only in the presence of any pathological process in the respiratory tract. There are two types of wheezing - dry and wet.

There is fluid in the airways or cavities during the disease. Sometimes it can even be blood. When inhaled, the air foams this liquid, and we hear wheezing in the lungs. You can hear them best when strong breath. They are also divided into several subspecies, each of which characterizes the corresponding disease. There are large, medium, and fine bubbling rales. Small bubbling rales can be used to diagnose the initial form of pulmonary edema or pneumonia. Especially clearly they are heard precisely above the affected lung. If a small abscess has occurred, a cavity has formed in the lung, wheezing will be medium. With serious forms of abscesses, cavities and large cavities, wheezing will be especially strong.

To listen to dry rales in the lungs, it is necessary to listen not to inhalation, but, on the contrary, to exhalation. At the same time, there is its own characteristic sound, by which this type of wheezing is easy to distinguish. Many refer to them only as "musical". They characterize the development of diseases such as bronchial asthma and bronchitis. Their special sound and appearance is explained by the accumulation of sputum in the lumens of the bronchial tree. These rales in the lungs are the most common. But the wheezing of a malicious smoker, who has just passed several flights of stairs, is also knocked out in the top three. Mention should also be made of some other possible reasons the occurrence of wheezing.

With obstruction of the chest region, namely the bronchi, by a foreign body or tumor, localized wheezing in the chest may occur. This happens quite rarely, but it still happens - and a person needs to be prepared for this situation. There can be no thought here. The patient needs immediate medical assistance and the account can go even for minutes. Therefore, with various allergic reactions and suspicion of a foreign body entering the respiratory tract, it is necessary to immediately call ambulance.

Rattling in the chest is possible with inflammation of the supraglottic valve. Its increase leads to partial overlap of the glottis. Characteristic sounds in the chest area are acceptable in case of inflammation of the respiratory tract, emphysema, croup-respiratory viral infection in children and lung cancer.

Wheezes can be very diverse, loud or quiet, screeching or melodic. A person usually does not stop wheezing even after a thorough coughing. Listening to wheezing should be carried out only by a specialist. He will determine which disease they belong to. If it is pneumonia, the patient will be prescribed antibiotics. Appropriate therapy will be prescribed to stimulate immunity. If wheezing in the chest indicates the development of pulmonary edema, all congestion should be eliminated. In this case, the doctor will prescribe drugs with a diuretic effect, as well as drugs that increase the muscle metabolism of the heart. Complex abscesses require integrated methods treatment, sometimes even surgery.

If the wheezing in the chest is very strong, intermittent and frequent, it means that the person has difficulty breathing and he needs to immediately health care. Especially often, such conditions occur after a recent severe stress or tension. At the core here is emotional factor. Therefore, the patient must be given comfortable position, it is better to lay on the bed and give a sedative. As a rule, such attacks pass quickly. If necessary, the patient will be connected to the device artificial respiration, will give everything necessary drugs opening the airways and do a blood test.

Separately, it should be said about asthma attacks. Wheezing is also often present here. If suddenly during a severe attack they disappear - this is very dangerous. Perhaps there was a narrowing of the airways or their complete closure. Use an inhaler. If that doesn't help, call 911 immediately.

Chest sounds are very important symptom for diagnosis of pathological changes in the respiratory organs.

Wheezing in the lungs when breathing in adults, they help to determine by their sound, caused by non-physiological noises residual processes after past illness or is it about chronic disease, complications after acute respiratory infections, bronchitis, pneumonia.

The breath of a healthy person should be almost silent. Any wheezing when breathing in an adult, wheezing on exhalation, or labored breathing should cause the person to required to visit a doctor, get tested. In children, whistling and wheezing during breathing, all the more, do not occur for no reason.

Wheezing in the lungs: causes and consequences

Passing through the respiratory tract, the air usually does not encounter obstacles, saturating every cell with oxygen.

But if something appears in the bronchi or lungs that interferes with free movement, this can be felt in the breath, some manifestations of oxygen starvation, fatigue, chest pain.

The body is trying with all its might to get rid of a foreign body or substance, so wheezing is heard during breathing, often they are accompanied by a cough.

Causes of wheezing:

sharp respiratory diseases; tracheitis; bronchitis; pneumonia; tuberculosis; neoplasms; pulmonary edema; bronchial asthma; obstructive processes; heart failure; bronchiectasis; pulmonary bleeding; a foreign body in the airways and edema spreading around it.

Wheezing in the bronchi during exhalation, audible through a phonendoscope, and sometimes without it, causes any obstacles in the path of the air stream.

Important: Narrowing of the lumen in the bronchi due to swelling, accumulation of mucus, the appearance of partitions, which causes noise when trying to inhale or exhale, pathologies in the lungs pose a threat to human life.

In some cases immediate medical intervention , since bronchospasm, damage to the bronchi or bleeding in the lungs can kill a person in minutes.

And although wheezing in the lungs is considered one of the most common symptoms of a cold diseases, the physician must identify exact reason the appearance of noises and find the optimal treatment for wheezing in the bronchi, which will eliminate the causes of their appearance.

Sometimes to ease the flow of mucus, sometimes relieve inflammation or spasm, but surgery may also be required.

What are wheezing

By the sound of breathing, noises in the bronchi and lungs, you can preliminarily determine what caused their appearance. Pulmonologists, therapists subdivide wheezing and whistles when breathing on:

wet and dry; permanent and occurring periodically; noise on inspiration (inspiratory) or exhalation (expiratory); high, low; whistling.

Also an important characteristic is fine-bubble, medium-bubble and coarse-bubble sounds.

The viscous secret secreted by the bronchi, mucus or blood, when air passes through them, is filled with it, and then bursts, making peculiar sounds similar to the sounds of bursting bubbles (in the sternum, according to patients, something gurgles).

The most important for physicians colds become wheezing dry and wet.

Dry rales in the lungs: air passes through the bronchi with a large accumulation of mucus, edema or neoplasm. There is such a noise, similar to a whistle, during an inflammatory process in the bronchi (bronchitis), asthma, it is heard from both sides. Bronchitis is characterized by initial stage disease, the timbre of the sound is constantly changing, it may disappear after the patient clears his throat. Unilateral dry rales are heard if the lung is damaged, it has a cavity (tuberculosis). Moist rales: a large accumulation of sputum, mucus causes a noise similar to the seething of air blown through a tube into the water. Usually heard on inspiration. When a productive cough appears, wheezing disappears, so the main task of doctors is to thin the accumulated sputum to facilitate its removal in order to prevent congestion, the multiplication of harmful microorganisms and their spread through the respiratory system, which causes serious complications in the form of pneumonia, abscesses in the lungs.

Audible even from a distance wet rales in the lungs speaks of serious complications, probable pulmonary edema, if sounds are heard outside the bronchial tree, this may indicate the appearance of a cavity in the lung caused by a tumor process, tuberculosis, an abscess.

Not only characteristics such as wet or dry rales, but many others, including the localization and timbre of the sound of noises, the frequency of their occurrence are important in the diagnosis of the disease.

Self-diagnosis is ineffective and often dangerous, so that all complaints, incomprehensible and unpleasant sensations should be described to specialists in order to facilitate the diagnosis, to clearly define the range of necessary studies.

How are wheezing and cough treated?

The appearance of any wheezing in the lungs means a pathological process, most often inflammation, so you must definitely undergo an examination, pass all the tests recommended by the doctor. The main thing in any case is the treatment of the underlying disease.

With dry wheezing, if they mean the onset of the disease, doctors recommend taking anti-inflammatory agents to loosen mucus. A good effect is shown by bronchodilators, which also help in case of an allergic reaction in asthma.

When dry rales change to wet, a productive cough appears, the composition of the drugs during treatment changes in order to facilitate the removal of sputum from the body for expectorants. Among them are mucolytics Lazolvan, Bromhexine, Mukaltin and others.

With a debilitating cough, drugs are prescribed that affect the cough center, and especially severe cases – antibiotics to prevent pneumonia.

Important: Coughing and wheezing when breathing can have a variety of etiologies, especially in children, so you do not need to start baking yourself. If wheezing is heard during breathing in an adult or a child, while breathing is clearly depressed, the color of the mucous membranes changes, skin urgently need a doctor.

Don't start on your own taking medications even with severe wheezing when breathing and coughing with sputum discharge, so that the doctor can clearly see the picture of the disease. Blurred symptoms can cause an incorrect diagnosis, and the prescribed treatment will be ineffective.

Treatment with folk methods

Among the recipes of traditional medicine there are many dedicated to how to treat wheezing and cough in children and adults.

Lemon, ginger, honey: grind together with the peel 1 lemon, ginger root about 5 cm in size and 1.5 cm in diameter, add 0.5 tbsp. honey, let it brew for a day. Take 1 tbsp. l. daily for prevention with a tendency to colds and bronchitis, 1 tbsp. l. mixture 3 times a day for wheezing in the upper respiratory tract. It is an excellent immunostimulant and antiviral agent. Radish and honey: one of the best and most popular folk remedies when they think about how to treat wheezing in a child, it is an excellent mucolytic, and it is also extremely easy to prepare. In a well-washed black radish, make a hole in the core, where to pour 1 tbsp. honey. The juice released at the same time tastes good, so even kids drink it with pleasure. Give 1 tsp. 2-5 times a day. You can just grate the radish, squeeze out the juice, mix with honey, this slightly reduces the effectiveness, but you can apply it right away. Hot milk: heat milk to 40 degrees, dissolve 1 tsp in it. honey, drink 3-4 times a day. With dry wheezing and sore throat, you can add 1 tsp. butter, it will anesthetize and relieve inflammation. Decoctions of herbs such as coltsfoot, chamomile, yarrow, St. John's wort, perfectly help to cope with wheezing and inflammation. Dandelion honey is effective when May flowers are covered with sugar in a jar, the resulting syrup, similar to honey, is stored in the refrigerator, take 1 tsp. 3 times a day. In general, it is recommended to drink as much as possible: hot decoctions, fruit drinks, jelly help thin sputum, saturate the body with essential vitamins.

Important: insisting radish with honey, it should be remembered that this composition is not recommended for hypertension and cardiovascular diseases so it's best to consult your doctor before using.

Inhalation, heat, chest warming help to cope with colds in the absence of temperature.

Prevention, basic rules and methods.

After recovery, it is extremely important to protect your body from hypothermia, because a weakened immune system will not be able to adequately respond to a new threat.

Treatment cannot be interrupted, as soon as wheezing in the chest has disappeared, the course of treatment must be completed to the end in order to avoid relapses and complications.

The key to successful prevention is:

proper nutrition: the body needs vitamins and minerals so that the immune system can resist diseases; hardening - not dousing with cold water, but gradual accustoming to low temperatures, its differences; feasible physical activity, running and swimming, strengthening the lungs, increasing their volume; good rest, walking before going to bed, airing the room at night; during cold seasons, you should definitely drink a course of immunostimulants; excellent results are shown by breathing exercises: a special set of exercises that teaches you to breathe correctly, for children who find it difficult to perform them, and adults will also benefit from 1 daily exercise: inflate 3-5 balloons.

Wheezing - an integral part of the life of smokers, With addiction you should definitely leave so as not to earn chronic bronchitis or lung cancer. healthy image life, good nutrition, playing sports will help strengthen the body and avoid the recurrence of the disease.

Wet cleaning is essential room, which must be carried out daily to get rid of dust and harmful microorganisms.

When to See a Doctor

Wheezing - a sign of an obvious pathology, so you should not hesitate in any case.

If wheezing appeared after a cold, against the background of a high temperature, it is worth calling a local doctor to rule out pneumonia and other diseases, life threatening. The sudden onset of wheezing, shortness of breath, weakness, loss of orientation, dizziness - a reason to call an ambulance, we can talk about anaphylactic shock, bleeding, pulmonary or myocardial infarction. An ambulance needs to be called in any case if wheezing is observed in a baby of the first year of life, children under 3 years old, since the gaps in their bronchi are extremely small and any inflammatory process can end oxygen starvation, suffocate.

Only doctors can correctly diagnose after an examination, blood test, fluoroscopy, so the sooner you turn to them, the more favorable the prognosis for a complete cure.

Which doctor to contact

In any clinic clinics have specialists dealing with diseases of the respiratory system.

The baby needs to be shown to the pediatrician, who will decide who to refer the baby to: an allergist, pulmonologist, phthisiatrician or cardiologist.

Adults need to see a therapist who will make a diagnosis and, if necessary, give a referral to a pulmonologist, allergist, phthisiatrician, oncologist, and other specialists.

You can not pull or rush to conclusions, modern methods of diagnosis and treatment help to cope with most diseases with timely treatment.

Any disease leaves a trace in the body, bronchitis and pneumonia also do not pass without a trace. And the recurrence of the disease will be inevitable if you do not change your lifestyle, eliminating all harmful factors.

Video how to treat a cough in a child

The doctor will tell you 5 specific tips on how to relieve a coughing fit.

Wheezing in the lungs during breathing in an adult without the manifestation of temperature and cough indicates the presence of a pathology of the organs of the respiratory system. It can be a mild sluggish inflammation in the bronchi, which is a consequence of not fully cured acute bronchitis, or much more complex disease with the systematic formation of mucus in the bronchial lumen. The latter process requires a detailed study by a pulmonologist in order to make a final diagnosis and establish the cause of sputum accumulation in the lungs, through the presence of which wheezing is heard from the lungs during inhalation and exhalation. You can figure out the cause yourself by comparing the symptoms and condition for each condition that we have compiled for you in this article.

Causes of wheezing

In any case, this disease is not typical for lung pathology, since most respiratory diseases cause an adult to have a rise in temperature and the urge to dry or wet cough. Wheezing can form in the bronchi even due to the presence of a small amount of blood in them. This phenomenon is often observed in patients prone to internal bleeding when the concentration of platelets in the blood is reduced and the function of its coagulability is impaired.

If the air passes unhindered, and the characteristic whistle from the lungs is heard only on exhalation, then such wheezing is called wet. Dry rales are often combined with cough, but without fever.

The whistle coming from the patient's throat is physiological process occurring in the lungs, which is a spasm of the bronchial lumen. The degree of its contraction depends on how noisy the wheezing will be. Spasm of the bronchi can occur from the reaction of the respiratory organ to an internal or external stimulus, or due to a periodic excess of mucus.

In modern pulmonology, the following causes of wheezing in the lungs in adults without cough and fever are distinguished:

Not your typical pneumonia or chronic bronchitis. Often these diseases do not necessarily occur with a temperature. They may not be noticeable for a long period of time if the inflammatory focus affects a small area of the lung or bronchi. Bronchial asthma. On average, in 90% of cases of wheezing during inhalation and exhalation during breathing, this is an allergic spasm of the bronchial lumen. This reaction organism can be considered a severe degree of allergy. Bronchial rales always increase at the time of the onset of the attack. Depending on the severity of the disease, sputum in the bronchi may accumulate in small quantities or be absent altogether. Treatment of this pathology of the respiratory system is always specific and is based on the patient's susceptibility to certain potential allergens. Stagnation of blood in the lungs. If an adult has a disease such as heart failure, blood circulation in the vascular system in most cases is severely impaired. It is not uncommon to develop congestion in the lungs. Then in this organ increases blood pressure and tiny vessels capillaries cannot withstand overload. They burst and not a large number of blood enters the bronchi. This extraneous biological fluid in this part of the body irritates the respiratory organ and provokes wheezing. Oncological pathology. Up to stage 2 of tumor development, the patient does not experience coughing and the disease only signals about itself periodic spasms bronchi. In this regard, a characteristic whistle is heard from the lungs. This symptom is not long-term, so adults sometimes ignore the signs of a serious illness. The disease is diagnosed with an X-ray or MRI of the lungs.

Depending on the individual characteristics a person may have other causes that can affect the respiratory system and the stable process of gas exchange that occurs in the lungs. All these factors are established during the examination of the patient for the final diagnosis.

General characteristics of wheezing without fever and cough

The presence of a characteristic whistle during inhalation and exhalation during breathing is always one of the manifestations of inflammation in the lungs. Even if an adult does not experience fever and cough, the following symptoms are always present: loss of appetite, shortness of breath after a slight physical activity, weight loss and weakness. To these indirect signs respiratory diseases should be given special attention.

According to the type of its manifestation, wired wheezing without coughing is divided into the following types:

Dry. They are observed at the very beginning of the development of the disease. Their appearance is always associated with the presence severe inflammation in the bronchial tree. In this regard, swelling of its mucous membrane occurs and breathing becomes more rigid with the formation of wheezing and whistling. A similar behavior of the respiratory system is observed in patients with bronchial asthma, but their bronchospasm occurs not under the influence of inflammation, but through the body's immune response to allergic stimuli. They can be present both in the external environment (mold spores, pollen, dust, particles of pet hair, fragrances) and inside the adult itself (the inability of the digestive system to absorb certain foods, the components of which are later transformed into allergens). whistling. They can be observed in patients who suffer from chronic bronchitis. Their usual wheezing is almost inaudible. A thin whistle is periodically heard from the lungs, indicating inflammation in the small bronchioles and bronchi. Due to a small inflammatory focus the immune system of the patient for a long time does not give a strong response to the disease. The person has no cough and no fever. This period The latent course of the disease can last from 1 week to a month or more. It all depends on the activity of the patient's immune cells. Strengthening the whistle of the lungs always indicates the growth of the inflammatory process. Wet. Present in patients who have accumulated a large amount of diluted sputum or fluid in the bronchi. During breathing, when an adult takes a breath and exhale, a sound is heard as oxygen passes through fluid formation in the lungs, and its bubbles seem to burst under the influence of excess pressure. Such noises are also called crepe noises. Moist rales can be a harbinger of future bronchial asthma or pulmonary edema. A patient with such symptoms should definitely visit a general practitioner or pulmonologist. How fast this happens depends. further state human health.

It is important to remember that each of the types of wheezing emanating from the bronchi is characteristic of a certain category of lung pathologies. The presence of extraneous sounds during the patient's breathing allows the doctor to only suspect the presence of a particular disease. The final diagnosis is made only after a more detailed examination.

Treatment of wheezing in the lungs in adults

Therapy of a patient who has wheezing during breathing during inhalation or exhalation begins immediately after establishing the cause of their origin. In most cases, hospitalization in a hospital setting is not required and the patient is treated on an outpatient basis.

Depending on the type of infectious or viral pathogen, several types of drugs can be used in combination.

In the presence of asthmatic wheezing of the lungs, the patient must be consulted by an allergist. At this stage, it is especially important to identify the source of the allergy, which systematically irritates the bronchi, provoking their spasm. For an adult, an individual diet is developed, which contains only biologically healthy foods nutrition (cereals, non-fatty chicken meat, wholemeal bread). For the period of treatment, they are removed from the diet. citrus fruit, apricots, alcohol, tea, coffee, chocolate, sea and ocean fish, tomatoes and all dishes made on their basis. It is recommended to use such vasodilating drugs as Drotaverine, Eufillin, Spasmolgon.

Wheezing when breathing caused by diseases of the cardiovascular system - do not require special treatment. All the efforts of doctors are aimed at compensating for the negative impact of heart failure. As the heart, blood vessels are treated and blood circulation is restored, the patient is given mucolytic drugs in order to remove the remnants of fluid from the bronchi that have accumulated due to a violation of the small circulatory cycle in the respiratory system. As a rule, wheezing during inhalation and exhalation disappears immediately after the restoration of normal heart function and blood flow.

The most difficult is the process of treating wheezing without cough and fever, the appearance of which is associated with oncological process in the lungs. In such cases, it is impossible to remove extraneous noise without eliminating the tumor body that narrows the bronchial lumen. The patient is treated with chemotherapy drugs, cytostatics, and is subjected to radiotherapy. If necessary, surgical intervention is prescribed with the removal of an extraneous neoplasm. In especially severe cases, even a resection of a part of the lung is possible.

Wheezing in the throat can be one of the symptoms of a cold or SARS.

But this phenomenon is also characteristic of more serious diseases requiring immediate treatment in stationary conditions.

Possible causes of the symptom

Possible causes of the symptom

Depending on the location of the focus of the disease, the causes of wheezing are conventionally divided into three main groups.

Laryngeal lesions. Damage to the lower respiratory tract. Diseases that do not affect the respiratory system, but are accompanied by symptoms of wheezing.

On the other hand, doctors directly distinguish wheezing and hoarseness - a decrease in the sonority of the voice and a violation of its timbre. Hoarseness appears due to diseases of the ligaments. Hoarseness is often a concomitant symptom of many colds, but it can also appear as a result of overstrain of the vocal cords.

Various lesions of the larynx

With ARVI, the appearance of wheezing in the throat in an adult or child most often indicates the spread of infection from the upper respiratory tract to the larynx area and the development of its inflammation (laryngitis). Associated symptoms: sore throat, perspiration, dryness and burning.

Chronic laryngitis is a consequence of acute inflammation of the larynx that has not been fully cured. Also, this disease occurs in heavy smokers and people whose work is associated with the need to talk a lot. Causes of wheezing in the throat chronic laryngitis associated with the appearance of nodules on the vocal cords and epiglottis.

Cause wheezing in the throat can be benign or malignant tumors.

One of known diseases larynx - stenosis. Read detailed and useful information about stenosis of the larynx.

You can read about such a problem as a spasm of the larynx here.

Lower respiratory tract lesions

Doctors determine the cause of the symptom by the nature of wheezing.

Dry most often indicate a narrowing of the lumen of the bronchi. This phenomenon accompanies pneumosclerosis, bronchospasm, compression of the bronchus wall by a tumor. Also, this symptom may indicate the presence of edema of the bronchial mucosa. With the formation of thick sputum in the lumen of the bronchus, wheezing will be sonorous and with a buzzing overtone. Whistling dry rales accompany the narrowing of the bronchi in the absence of sputum. They can be heard in patients with bronchial asthma during periods of exacerbation. Wet wheezing indicates that fluid is present in the lungs: exudate, transudate, blood, and others. They can be heard with pneumonia, pulmonary edema, after an attack of bronchial asthma, bronchitis, tuberculosis, lung abscess and other diseases.

It is impossible to determine the disease only by the nature of wheezing. It is necessary to consult a doctor who will prescribe an examination and, based on the results, will be able to make a diagnosis.

What do wheezing in the throat and cough in combination say

The combination of these symptoms may indicate a blockage of the lower small bronchi. In most cases, they talk about the inflammatory process in the bronchi, throat or lungs. Not always similar condition is a sign of the development of viral or colds. This may also be due to the ingestion of a foreign object into the respiratory tract.

With a dry cough and wheezing, a doctor can diagnose bronchitis, bronchitis, or bronchial asthma. If hoarseness of voice is observed with coughing and wheezing, the development of laryngitis is most likely observed. These manifestations may indicate other diseases. The diagnosis can only be made by a doctor after a professional examination and examination of the patient's tests. Learn about the treatment of obstructive bronchitis in children.

Let's talk about the treatment of diseases that cause wheezing in the throat when breathing.

Effective modern methods of treatment

The choice of course of therapy depends on the pathogen and the stage of development of the disease. In most cases, this symptom disappears due to the treatment of the underlying disease.

How can you get rid of wheezing in the throat?

Wheezing in ARVI often manifests itself with acute laryngitis . In this case, medications in the form of sprays containing sage and menthol, such as Bioparox, are excellent. An excellent result in the treatment of laryngitis is given by inhalations with essential oil eucalyptus, taking a decoction of the leaves of the coltsfoot. Read about eucalyptus inhalation at home here. If the disease is advanced and nodules appear on the ligaments, the doctor may recommend surgical intervention. Sometimes only this method can save you from losing your voice. Treatment bronchitis depends on its type.

Obstructive bronchitis requires mandatory medical supervision, since improper treatment can lead to the development of bronchial asthma. The specialist will select antibiotics. Also, inhalation is often used with mineral water or ordinary water with soda, herbs. If coniferous inhalations are indicated for other types of bronchitis, then with obstructive bronchitis they are strictly prohibited.

You can use the nebulizer with the following solutions:

Lazolvan or abrohexal. Based on atrovent, berodual, berotek or salbutamol. Pulmicort based on hormones.

These drugs must be prescribed by a doctor. You can independently decide on the choice of herbs for decoction: oregano, chamomile, sage, lavender, onion or garlic juice, diluted with water in a ratio of 1/10.

You should know that bronchitis is infection. The causative agents can be viruses, bacteria or atypical pathogens (mycoplasmas and chlamydia). Depending on this, a course of treatment is prescribed. It is extremely important for wheezing and coughing to see a doctor. Only a specialist can prescribe adequate treatment. The treatment of this group of diseases is based on the use of anti-infective drugs: antibacterial, antiviral. Expectorants are required to be used - it is important to remove the infected mucus from the body. With difficulty breathing, bronchodilator drugs are used.

Cause bronchial asthma most often becomes allergic inflammation caused by chemicals, pollen or animal hair. Latest Research scientists testify that essential role basic anti-inflammatory therapy plays in the treatment: corticosteroids in the form of inhalations or tablets.

Read about recipes for cough with milk in this article.

But you will learn about such a symptom as dryness in the nose and throat at the link

What causes symptoms in children?

Wheezing in the throat when breathing baby up to the age of four months may be a normal reaction to saliva, at this age the baby is just beginning to learn to swallow it. Also, at this age, the glands of internal and external secretion begin to fully function, the respiratory tract develops. This phenomenon should pass after the baby is one and a half years old. Do not panic if the child's appetite and sleep are normal, and the temperature does not rise. If the newborn has wheezing in the throat, you can go for a consultation with the pediatrician and make sure there are no problems and exclude the possibility of heart disease or allergic reactions. If wheezing in the throat of a child is observed along with a sharp deterioration in health, you should immediately consult a doctor. A runny nose and cough indicate ARVI or a cold. Before the arrival of the doctor, you should create the most comfortable conditions for the baby and give as much warm liquid as possible. Wheezing, shortness of breath, lethargy, blue skin around the lips should be a signal to call an ambulance immediately. If a slight fever and a strong dry cough are added to these symptoms, the child is most likely sick. groats. Before the ambulance arrives, in this case it is very important to drip naphthyzine into the nose and let it breathe in hot, moist air. Just take the baby in your arms, open in the bathroom hot water and stay there until the ambulance arrives or the moment when the breathing returns to normal and the coughing fit passes. Persistent wheezing with prolonged and violent cough, fever and other signs of a cold may be symptoms bronchitis. Parents should not make their own decisions about treatment choices. An adequate response in this case can only be an ambulance call and treatment of the baby in a hospital. In children older than one year, wheezing in the throat can be caused by a number of diseases: Acute or chronic bronchitis, asthma. Allergic reaction inhalation of foreign bodies. Some heart diseases. Pneumonia or emphysema. Croup. Inflammation of the epiglottis. Read more about this disease, which is also called epiglottitis.

In most diseases, wheezing is accompanied by fever, cough or sore throat. In the case of heart disease, wheezing may be the only signal that a child has a serious health problem. Regardless of the general state of health, mothers should consult a specialist who will conduct an examination and prescribe a comprehensive treatment.

You will learn about bronchitis, in which wheezing in the throat is often observed, in the next video from Dr. Agapkin.

Regardless of the age of the patient, it is very important to remember that wheezing in the throat is only one of the symptoms. It is possible to determine the disease only after a series of tests. The range of diseases that are expressed in this way is very wide - from the common cold to malignant formations in the respiratory tract, heart or lung diseases. With the seeming frivolity of the symptom, it is important to remember that it can signal the onset of a serious illness.

Sholokhova Olga Nikolaevna

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Causes and treatment of wheezing in the bronchi during exhalation and inhalation

Wheezing is common in bronchitis. This is one of the main symptoms of a respiratory disease. They come in different types, differ in sound, intensity. Depending on the stage of the disease, the noise in the bronchi will be heard in different ways. The doctor should listen to this noise in order to determine the nature of the current disease and prescribe treatment.

Wheezing while breathing

An inspiratory murmur is often heard during auscultation. It is detected in any respiratory organ: trachea, bronchi, lungs, bronchioles. The presence of wheezing already indicates the progression of the inflammatory process in the listening area.

Wheezing as a guide from the patient to the doctor

Sounds in the airways during breathing should alert a sick person, as he is a symptom of many diseases, dangerous conditions. If it occurs, the patient should immediately consult a doctor for additional diagnostics and appointments medicines. Obvious noises are a symptom of diseases:

bronchial asthma;
instant allergy;
COPD;
inflammation of the respiratory system, tuberculosis;
heart attack, oncology, pulmonary edema and other dangerous conditions.

It is impossible to independently determine the disease without medical knowledge. Delaying a doctor's consultation leads to complications of the disease, even death.

Physiological processes with wheezing

The appearance of noise in the bronchi is unnatural. At this time, the organs of the respiratory and other systems suffer. The cells do not receive enough oxygen, the inflammatory process spreads to other organs. Distinguish between wet and dry noises.

Dry wheezing

The accumulation of viscous sputum in the bronchi leads to the appearance of membranes, the airways narrow. As a result of these changes, air cannot pass normally into the lungs. It moves unpredictably through the airways (a phenomenon called turbulence). Passing through the changed paths, the air flow provokes the appearance of vibration of the walls of the bronchi, trachea, which leads to the appearance of dry noises.

Important advice: A characteristic feature of dry rales is their presence on the exhale. If they appear on inspiration, you need to sound the alarm, as this is evidence of a developing complication.

Treatment of dry rales begins only after a series of diagnostic measures determining the cause of this condition.

Wet rales

Wet noises in the respiratory organs occur when sputum and air passing through the respiratory tract “contact”. Phlegm fills most of the bronchial lumen. Air passing through the mucus creates a sound that defines wet noises. Depending on where the liquid pathological mass has accumulated, what is the diameter of the inflamed area, the volume of the cavity, wet rales are:

fine bubbling - these are noises that resemble the hiss of foaming soda in sound, they are often a sign of bronchopneumonia, bronchiolitis, pulmonary infarction;
medium bubbles - similar to the sound of tearing matter, blowing air into the liquid through a straw, they are crackling, indicate the course of bronchitis, the presence of small abscesses, pneumonia, the first stage of pulmonary edema, pneumosclerosis, lung fibrosis;
coarse bubbles - a sound is made resembling the bursting of bubbles on water, this indicates that the liquid secret accumulates in airways large diameter, rales in the bronchi are heard during expiration even without listening, characterize the late stages of pulmonary edema, the absence of a cough reflex.

it General characteristics human noise. To diagnose a specific disease, it is necessary to focus not only on listening to wheezing, but to conduct additional diagnostic studies.

Auscultation as the main method for determining wheezing

Wheezes in bronchitis, pneumonia and other broncho-pulmonary diseases are heard using the main method - auscultation. This manipulation occurs with the help of a phonendoscope, a stethophonendoscope. When listening, the patient takes different positions: standing, lying, sitting. The doctor listens to all segments of the chest in front, behind, on the right, on the left. What does the doctor pay attention to:

wheezing caliber;
their tonality (height and baseness of sound);
timbre (one sound or several);
sonority or loudness;
localization, prevalence;
homogeneity (different or homogeneous);
amount;
change in wheezing when the patient's position changes;
inspiratory or expiratory.

Features of the manifestation of wheezing in diseases

Wheezing, shortness of breath is a sure sign of pathology in the bronchi and lungs. Each disease of the respiratory system is characterized by different types and manifestations of bronchial noise.

Bronchitis

In the first few days of acute bronchitis wheezing is dry. It is difficult for the patient to cough, the sounds during breathing resemble a whistle. Then they get wet.

During the development of obstructive bronchitis, the sound during breathing resembles sips, whistling noises.

Chronic bronchitis, in addition to the appearance of other symptoms, is characterized by the presence of moist frequent rales, they are well heard during auscultation.

Pneumonia

When coughing and changing the patient's posture, the noises during inhalation and exhalation do not disappear - a sure sign of pneumonia. You can accurately diagnose pneumonia by listening to several sections of the lungs. Wheezing only over some of them confirms the diagnosis.

Pulmonary edema

With swelling of the main organ of the respiratory system, the doctor listens to moist rales. They are localized in the lower part of both lungs. If the sensations of pain change as the person's position changes, they most likely have pulmonary edema.

Asthma

Bronchial asthma is accompanied by dry wheezing. This makes it difficult for the patient to breathe. The condition can worsen every minute, so it is important to see a doctor in time.

Pharyngitis

Malignant neoplasms

Often, with the appearance of malignant neoplasms in the lungs, the patient complains of dry and wet noises during breathing. This pathology is accompanied by more characteristic symptoms: cough, hoarseness, pain in the chest.

Breathing noise treatment

Whatever sounds accompany breathing, it is important to determine an accurate diagnosis for the treatment of the respiratory system. Treatment is prescribed, depending on the diagnosis of the patient. To remove noise in the bronchi, groups of drugs are used.

Antibacterial drugs. They are prescribed after determining a bacterial infection. It could be secondary infection after a viral complication. Broad-spectrum antibiotics are used to eliminate breath sounds.
Corticosteroids. With low efficiency of the use of other groups, with an increase in obstruction, bronchiolitis, systemic corticosteroids are prescribed. it hormonal preparations quickly alleviating the patient's condition.
Expectorants. At the beginning of the development of bronchitis and some other diseases, accompanied by dry noises and coughs, expectorants are prescribed. The purpose of their appointment is to thin thick sputum, help in the removal of pathological mucus.
Bronchodilators. Bronchodilators are used to relieve spasm in bronchial obstruction. They will begin to act faster if a person uses them in the form of inhalation.

Important advice: For diseases of the respiratory system, which are accompanied by noise during inhalation and exhalation, it is better to use a nebulizer. It's convenient and efficient. With its help, all of the listed drugs are injected directly into the respiratory system in the form of small particles inhaled through a special mask.

There are also traditional medicine recipes used in the fight against wheezing. But at malignant neoplasms, and others serious illnesses they will be useless, even dangerous. Before starting the treatment of wheezing in respiratory diseases, you need to know the cause of their occurrence. Treatment of any pathology of the bronchi and lungs should be carried out under the supervision of a physician.